Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Économie pure'
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Gallois, Nicolas. "La construction du modèle Walrassien au miroir des travaux de l’école francaise." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2013. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04577458.
Full textLéon Walras, like a few economists, can be considered as a theorist who brings a revolution of thought in the economic analysis. His works are the source of many ideas and developments which include almost all branches of the discipline.In search of a perpetual updating, historians of economic thought have been constantly trying to understand Léon Walras. Advances in science highlight three major analysis work periods. The longest (1873-1950) focuses primarily on pure economics. The next (1950-1990) than the theory of general equilibrium in order to understand his work as a whole. Then, reappear contributions in social and applied economics. Closer to home (1990-2013) and on the basis of these results, the main contemporary commentators have focused on the question of positivity and his work on the classification of different sciences.Our Work is in the continuation of this process of reconstruction of the Walrasian model of his time by a singular approach in the current landscape. The link will be developed on the French school of economists of the nineteenth century. The work of this thesis will therefore be to reinterpret the Walrasian triptych on the basis of their work and the relationship it had with tem.After studying this school and attempts to integrate Léon Walras, we will continue the analysis of the social economy, the pure economics and applied economics by showing how the French school is involved in the construction of global model
Lhuillier, Vincent. "Liberté et objectivité dans l'économie politique pure de Léon Walras : essai épistémologique sur la conciliation d'un impératif moral et d'une exigence scientifique." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010010.
Full textCayot, Mathilde. "Le préjudice économique pur." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD020.
Full textPure economic loss is the one that results neither from a personal injury nor from damage to property and generates negative economic consequences, such as the damage caused to the economy, or as the prejudice resulting from an act of unfair competition. This notion is little known to the French law. However, practise shows that some economic prejudices under this definition exist and are compensated for. From this practical ascertainment result several difficulties. There is confusion between pure economic loss and economic damages that, on the contrary, are the result of an injury to person or property. This confusion harms the effective compensation of the pure economic loss. Moreover, the absence of an appropriate legal regime entails a distortion of liability mechanisms, as its traditional criteria are undermined when it comes to repairing a pure economic loss. Various examples illustrate these difficulties: the damage to the economy, for instance, or the injury in terms of unfair competition, for which the certainty is rarely established. Therefore, it would be appropriate to adapt and develop the existing rules in order to achieve effective compensation for pure economic loss. Amongst these developments: the rather already old question of these punitive damages, or the renewal of the issue of « economic » compensation in nature through the restitution of « over profit », as suggested by some. A suitable legal framework could thus govern the existence of pure economic loss criteria on the one hand, and its assessment criteria on the other
Soulabaille, Annaïg. "L'évolution économique et sociale de Guingamp aux seizième, dix-septième et dix-huitième siècles." Rennes 2, 1997. http://books.openedition.org/pur/8901.
Full textHow is it that over a period of three centuries (from the end of the fifteenth to the end of the eighteenth century), the population of Guingamp hardly developed (having between three thousand and four thousand inhabitants), whereas the city enjoyed a sight, economic activities and institutions that were on the whole favorable to its own development? The answer must probably be sought in its demographic structures (relatively late wedding age, high infant and juvenile mortality), as well as in a peculiar social basis (large number of clerics, and especially numerous religious communities, rather few members of the nobility, and a "third estate" made of many low wage earners), which could barely be helpful so far as the expansion of the town was concerned. One may also allow for the lack of spirit of individual enterprise among its inhabitants who - like the main tradesmen from the middle-class - could have afforded (mostly from a financial point of view) to change, or at least to shift, the way things went, but appear not to have been very enterprising people, as they were quite satisfied with their own business. The example of Jacques Le Brun in the seventeenth century is most appropriated. Prosperous as his business was, he would rather invest his wealth, accumulated through wine trading, in buying land or "stone" (buildings) than in commercial activity. So he managed very quickly to become an ally of some famous families belonging to Breton aristocracy, before becoming himself a member of the nobility, as he assumed the title of squire
Champagne, Alain. "L'artisanat rural en Haut-Poitou : milieu XIVe-fin XVIe s." Poitiers, 2000. http://books.openedition.org/pur/6161.
Full textLahalle, Agnès. "Les écoles de dessin au XVIII° siècle : entre arts libéraux et arts mécaniques." Angers, 2005. http://books.openedition.org/pur/6981.
Full textThe number of free Art schools increased during the second half of the XVIIIth century. Without any school fees, those secular state schools were always funded by local authorities and sometimes by private sources. Those schools represented the first kind of professional elementary teaching. Studying the art of drawing appealed to a large number of traders who considered those schools were giving the theoretical education which complemented the practical experience taught by the master. Their founders defended economic aims and moral aims as well. Yet those new institutions remained ambiguous, hesitating between mechanical arts and liberal ones. Among the latter, you can find lectures for art lovers and artists: most of the masters in charge of teaching the figure, the embossing and the model had an academic education. Teaching two subjects implied a certain complexity of the institutional statutes and relationships with the Royal Academy of painting and sculpture, as well as with craftsmen. It also implied a large diversity among the pupils who attended those schools. Those Art schools which included all the tasks mentioned above will disappear in 1793 when the academies are closed
Drezet, Cyril. "Récupération d'énergie vibratoire pour puce autonome sur conteneur." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD062.
Full textTRAXENS company proposes an innovative solution to enable the monitoring of shipping containers (position, temperature, shocks, etc.). This service is based on a wireless sensor called TRAXENS-BOX whose lifetime must be extended by maintaining a small energy storage volume. In the environment of a shipping container, the presence a non-negligible amount of vibration makes energy harvesting a viable solution. The main objective of this work is to identify the means to scavenge vibration energy in the singular context of shipping container characterized by very low frequency, random and vertical vibration.First, a general electromagnetic vibration energy harvester model based on a single degree of freedom oscillator is introduced before analyzing its behavior when submitted to harmonic and random excitations ; rules to design high performances linear vibration energy harvester are then deduced. Henceforth, the model is used to prove the interest of introducing a Duffing nonlinearity in the harvester stiffness, especially under road induced vibration. The theoretical part ends with performance comparison between several harvester configurations within TRAXENS-BOX context ; the chosen solution is the use of a HSLD (High Static Low Dynamic) stiffness.Then, the design and fabrication of a linear high performances prototype is conducted to validate design rules drawn from the theoretical part. Finally, a HSLD stiffness is added to the prototype to prove the feasibility of this technique
Leducq, Divya. "Géographie des systèmes territoriaux de l'innovation informatique dans l'Inde urbaine : regards croisés depuis les villes de Pune, Thiruvananthapuram et Kochi." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10082/document.
Full textDialectic of territory and economy is questioned from regional metropolitan areas located in India, where Information Technology and software activities cluster. Cities of Pune (Maharashtra), Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala) represent some interesting labs to observe cumulative effects of the technopolitan process. The main research purpose is to grasp innovative spatial systems within three of its evolution stages: genesis, growth and adjustment capacities. From a perspective of climbing up the value-chain, this thesis aims to demonstrate the making of high-tech clusters is realized by simultaneous favorable actors’ play, stakeholders’ interactions and changing contexts. Economic geography of innovation and urban planning clarify this fact, by providing analyzing tools of multi-scaled and long-term system’s dynamics. Research underlines the leveraging effect of central and regional policies makers - either initiator, either facilitator - by encouraging strong economic, scientific and technological environment to develop software sector. In addition, studying places evidences overlapping of both urban and technopolitan fabric. Beyond the only IT parks, we prove that competitiveness strategies fraction the whole space getting benefits from metropolization. Finally, the examination of IT initiatives’ embeddedness within the city leads us to put forward the entrepreneur, at the same time world linked and localized. Furthermore, their deep involvement in social, scientific and professional networks implements good conditions for the innovative spatial systems evolution
Perri, Pascal. "Du monopole pur et dur aux compagnies low cost : quand le ciel s'est ouvert." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0810.
Full textAFTER 80 YEARS OF REGULATION AIR CIVIL TRANSPORTATION HAS COME TO THE AIRLINE DEREGULATION ACT VOTED 1978 BY AMERICAN CONGRES. SINCE 1971 FOR THE UNITED STATES AND 1985 FOR EUROPE A NEW ECONOMLIC MODEL HAS OVERCOME DOMESTIC MARKETS. IN France RYANAIR SUPPORT THE LOCAL DEVELOPPEMENT OF UNDERDEVELOPPED TERRITORIES
Tamani, Tarik. "Optimisation technico-économique du réacteur LPCVD à murs chauds lors des dépôts de silicium pur ou dopé in situ au bore ou au phosphore." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT049G.
Full textRevoy, Pascal. "Prix relatifs et prix absolus." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE013.
Full textSince 1870, the neoclassical school rules the field of economics. It since prevails today under the name of general equilibrium theory. It is a theory of relative prices in that it assumes that exchange takes place between distinct goods, being based on the Debreu axiom which stales that goods come into existence in the set of real numbers. There is a fundamental logical flaw in this theory. Associating goods with numbers leads to the indeterminaty of relative prices. Owing to its internal inconstancy this theory ougth to be discarded and a new paradigm must be proposed. It can be shown that in actual fact each transactor exchanges with himself. This is the basic of the paradigm of the "monetary theory of production" or "theory of absolute prices". In this paradigm, since each good is changed into himself through production, there is nothing but absolute exchange. The money price of any produced good is always determined
Vasselin, Françoise. "Essai sur l'adoption et l'usage de la monnaie électronique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020053.
Full textThis thesis has three chapters. The first chapter describes the means of payment allowingthe transfer of electronic money (e-money), the determinants of their adoption and their usein the world. The following two chapters are articles that analyze the competition between fiat money and e-money from the Lagos-Wright model (2005). In the first article, unlike cash, the holding of e-money is guaranteed against the risk of loss or theft, and merchants must invest to receive e-money. Due to strategic complementarities between buyers andsellers, there is a multiplicity of equilibria where only one money, or both, circulate. We analyze welfare and quantify the model to explain the failure of e-money in Europe and its success in Asia and in the United States. In the second article, cash competes with mobilemoney (M-money). Agents can create partnerships and each transaction is settled with one means of payment only. Agents without a partner use cash, the others use M-money.Buyers with a partner always hold M-money, alone or in addition to cash, while buyers without a partner use either one, or the other, or both, or no money. However, M-money replaces cash only if the number of traditional sellers is very low and inflation not too high.So, partnership is a coordination mechanism that explains the success of mobile payment applications offered by brands to their loyal customers in the United States
Ben, Ameur Amal. "Approche de simulation transactionnelle pour la modélisation des performances et de l'énergie d'un système mémoire pour SoC hétérogènes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4048.
Full textMobile devices, at each new release of the standards and following users’ continuous requests of new services, have to support more and more features, which are also becoming more and more demanding from the computational point of view. As a consequence, being able to fulfil new requirements and at the same time to provide power efficient chips is nowadays the most important challenge for mobile devices system designers. To tackle this challenge, novel system level performance and power modeling approaches have been proposed allowing hardware/software (HW/SW) architectures to be explored right at the very first steps of a System-on-Chip (SoC) design flow. However, existing solutions have limited support for the power optimization of the memory system (including SDRAM) that may occupy more than 70% of a chip area and consume more than 30% of the total energy. In our work, we propose a SystemC-TLM-based simulation framework at Electronic System Level (ESL), which is able to support the joint exploration of a SoC architecture and its memory configuration. This new framework helps in optimizing the SoC energy consumption while matching the required performance in terms of power and performance, as well as of memory bandwidth and latency
Giaoui, Franck S. "Indemnisation du préjudice économique en cas d'inexécution contractuelle : étude comparative en common law américaine, droit civil français et droit commercial international : application aux avant-contrats, atteintes à la réputation commerciale et activités sans base établie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D036.
Full textLaw statutes and codes lack of a precise definition of the « full compensation » principle, and a fortiori they Jack of rules for assessing compensatory damages. The legal doctrine tries to fil] in the blank by describing the different types of damages awarded, notably in the United States. Yet, the issue remains full when the Joss is certain but its valuation remains complex or uncertain. The assessment of the economic Joss and the calculation methodology for damages are considered to be only matters of facts: trial courts and judges thus retain a sovereign power, resulting in great uncertainty for the parties. Reducing judicial uncertainty requires the choice and creation of a common framework. Based on the results of an empirical law and economics analysis of several hundreds of precedent cases, the dissertation formulates simple and practical suggestions for parties looking to improve their chances of success in recouping lost profits and lost opportunities. It also evidences which improvements of the judicial systems are required in order to actually implement the current right to full compensation. More importantly the research reaches a fundamental nonnative conclusion: economic Joss, compensatory damages and hence, the calculation of the quantum granted should be considered, not as mere matters of facts but also as matters of law. Henceforth, it would be logical that the Cour de cassation ( or the highest court) advises and controls the use of calculation methodology. Each head of damages would thus be legally qualified and the principle of full compensation would be extended in order to better compensate the loss when evaluating its quantum is complex. It finally results that referenced compensatory scales can be practically developed from compiling relevant legal precedents. The introduction of such scales would benefit academics in their debates, parties in the drafting of their contracts and counsels in their pre-trial exchanges. Eventually, judges could use them as tools to assist their rulings. If those scales were to be adopted and shared, they would enable the creation of such artificial intelligence as machine learning which value - notably the predictive value - would far exceed what is perceived today
Hamwi, Khawla. "Low Power Design Methodology and Photonics Networks on Chip for Multiprocessor System on Chip." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0029.
Full textMultiprocessor systems on chip (MPSoC)s are strongly emerging as main components in high performance embedded systems. Several challenges can be determined in MPSoC design like the challenge which comes from interconnect infrastructure. Network-on-Chip (NOC) with multiple constraints to be satisfied is a promising solution for these challenges. ITRS predicts that hundreds of cores will be used in future generation system on chip (SoC) and thus raises the issue of scalability, bandwidth and implementation costs for NoCs. These issues are raised within the various technological trends in semiconductors and photonics. This PhD thesis advocates the use of NoC synthesis as the most appropriate approach to exploit these technological trends catch up with the applications requirements. Starting with several design methodologies based on FPGA technology and low power estimation techniques (HLS) for several IPs, we propose an ASIC implementation based on 3D Tezzaron technology. Multi-FPGA technology is used to validate MPSoC design with up to 64 processors with Butterfly NoC. NoC synthesis is based on a clustering of masters and slaves generating asymmetric architectures with appropriate support for very high bandwidth requests through Optical NoC (ONoC) while lower bandwidth requests are processed by electronic NoC. A linear programming is proposed as a solution to the NoC synthesis
Cochet, Martin. "Energy efficiency optimization in 28 nm FD-SOI : circuit design for adaptive clocking and power-temperature aware digital SoCs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4370.
Full textEnergy efficiency has become a key metric for digital SoC, especially for applications relying on batteries or energy harvesting. Hence, this work proposes new designs for on-chip flexible clock generator, power monitor and temperature sensor as well as the integration of those blocks within complete SoC.The novel open-loop clock multiplier architecture enables fast frequency scaling and is implemented to operate on the same voltage-frequency range as a digital core ((53MHz 0.5V - 889MHz 0.9 V). The achieved extremely low area (981µm2) and power consumption 0.45pJ/cycle 0.5 V) also ease its integration within low power SoC. The proposed power monitor instruments switched capacitor DC-DC converters, which are standard components of low voltage SoCs. The monitor has been demonstrated over two different converters topologies and provides a measurement of both the converter input and output power within 2.5% to 6% accuracy. Last, a new principle of temperature sensor is proposed. It leverages single n well body-biasing for calibration and integrated digital logic for large non-linearity correction. It is expected to achieve within 1C accuracy 0.1nJ / sample and 225 µm2 probe area. Then, this work illustrates how those circuits can be integrated within complex SoCs power management strategies. First, a modeling study of body biasing highlights the benefits it can provide in complement to voltage scaling, accounting for a wide temperature range. Last, three example of power management are proposed at SoC level