Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Économie industrielle – Méthodes statistiques'
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Mesnard, Louis de. "Analyse de la dynamique de la structure interindustrielle française par filtrage biproportionnel : méthode et application à la période 1970-1985." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010057.
Full textJacoby, Nadia. "L'influence des processus de sélection interne sur les performances des firmes : un modèle évolutionniste de micro-simulation." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010063.
Full textBaumont, Catherine. "Contribution à l'analyse des espaces urbains multicentriques : la localisation résidentielle : étude théorique et empirique." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOE004.
Full textThe thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is devoted to the analysis of multicenter urban spaces integration in spatial analysis. Both fuzzy and non fuzzy characteristics of them are taken into account. In the second part we try to solve the problem of spatial equilibrium of household in a multicenter urban pattern and we construct two models : a standard model and a fuzzy model. Then in the third part we present an econometric study based on the models described in the second part. Dijon is the urban area chosen for the test. The fuzzy approach allows us to bring an interesting economoc solution of household location in multicenter urban spaces
Archimbaud, Aurore. "Méthodes statistiques de détection d’observations atypiques pour des données en grande dimension." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10001/document.
Full textThe unsupervised outlier detection is a crucial issue in statistics. More specifically, in the industrial context of fault detection, this task is of great importance for ensuring a high quality production. With the exponential increase in the number of measurements on electronic components, the concern of high dimensional data arises in the identification of outlying observations. The ippon innovation company, an expert in industrial statistics and anomaly detection, wanted to deal with this new situation. So, it collaborated with the TSE-R research laboratory by financing this thesis work. The first chapter presents the quality control context and the different procedures mainly used in the automotive industry of semiconductors. However, these practices do not meet the new expectations required in dealing with high dimensional data, so other solutions need to be considered. The remainder of the chapter summarizes unsupervised multivariate methods for outlier detection, with a particular emphasis on those dealing with high dimensional data. Chapter 2 demonstrates that the well-known Mahalanobis distance presents some difficulties to detect the outlying observations that lie in a smaller subspace while the number of variables is large. In this context, the Invariant Coordinate Selection (ICS) method is introduced as an interesting alternative for highlighting the structure of outlierness. A methodology for selecting only the relevant components is proposed. A simulation study provides a comparison with benchmark methods. The performance of our proposal is also evaluated on real industrial data sets. This new procedure has been implemented in an R package, ICSOutlier, presented in Chapter 3, and in an R shiny application (package ICSShiny) that makes it more user-friendly. When the number of dimensions increases, the multivariate scatter matrices turn out to be singular as soon as some variables are collinear or if their number exceeds the number of individuals. However, in the presentation of ICS by Tyler et al. (2009), the scatter estimators are defined as positive definite matrices. Chapter 4 proposes three different ways for adapting the ICS method to singular scatter matrices and theoretically investigates their properties. The question of affine invariance is analyzed in particular. Finally, the last chapter is dedicated to the algorithm developed for the company. Although the algorithm is confidential, the chapter presents the main ideas and the challenges, mostly numerical, encountered during its development
Chancellier, Eric. "La modélisation du cycle économique : formes, usages, instruments (1887-1950)." Angers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ANGE0051.
Full textMaweki, Batana Yélé. "Comparaisons multidimensionnelles de bien-être et de pauvreté : méthodes, inférence et applications." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20214.
Full textAntomarchi, Philippe. "Les barrières à l'entrée en économique industrielle : perspectives théoriques et modélisation." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX2A003.
Full textOger, Julie. "Méthodes probabilistes pour l'évaluation de risques en production industrielle." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00982740.
Full textMarniesse, Sarah. "Dynamique des microentreprises dans les pays en développement : approche descriptive et analytique sur échantillons constants." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010028.
Full textThis thesis arises from an interrogation regarding the capacity of micro-enterprises to develop. For twenty years or so, the economies of Africa (and some non-african developing economies) have been characterised, to varying degrees, by a growth of urban unemployment and rising poverty. In this context, the socio-economic role of micro-entreprises becomes more important. This study looks at the dynamics of micro-enterprises. A review of existing theoretical and empirical literature concerning the diversity of size as enterprise growth trajectories leads to the proposal of a model explaining the dynamics of micro-enterprises in developing countries. This model is subsequently tested in the thesis. We have, for the first time, undertaken a survey of a constant sample of micro-enterprises. More than 900 micro-enterprises were sought, of which two-thirds were located and over 500 were included in the survey. This study allowed the use of statistical and econometric methods in the analysis of the determinants of enterprise disappearance, as well as of the factors explaining employment creation. Pre-established hypotheses could thus be confirmed, or refuted. The following questions are addressed : - The comparison of growth trajectories and the measurement of their determinants allows an understanding of why some micro-enterprises succeed better than others. - Questions are raised regarding decision making theory and the particular influence of evolving circumstances. - The relative importance of various forms of employment when enterprises expand is studied. - Observation of growth paths raises the difficulty of convergence with a limiting size and poses questions linked to the study of market structures. - Finally, analysis of factors explaining growth paths is linked to the preoccupations of economic policies
Karamtiz, Chiraz. "Indices de prix pour les services de la téléphonie mobile en France : application des méthodes de prix hédoniques." Paris, ENST, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENST0025.
Full textIn this research we develop an understanding of how price indexes are constructed and interpreted, how quality and price are related. We underline that, a very important issue for price compilers concerns how price indexes should be adjusted to account properly for quality change. This challenge is more pronounced in high technology products, particularly mobile telephony services, since quality changes in this industry has been very rapid. The technological and commercial innovations that continuously characterize the evolution of the market make it possible to offer increasingly complex and diversified products at lower and lower prices. The quality changes of the services offered on the market due to frequent waves of innovation induce several dimensions in price measurement problem. This research explain the derivation of a price index for the mobile telephony market in France for the period from 1996 to 2002. It study the use of Hedonic measures to correct such an index for quality changes of the services offered on the market due to frequent waves of innovation. The results underline a remarkable fall of the quality-adjusted price index from 1997 to 1999 while on the remaining period the price decrease tends to flatten. We demonstrate also that price indexes measurements for mobile telephony services, at least for the first time period, are largely determined by the networks’ quality and coverage. The omission of these features of quality from the price indices measurements results in an under-valuation of the true price decline for the mobile-telephony services. Most of the other characteristics are add-on options that do not affect price indexes to a large extent
Petit-Graffard, Claude. "Les Méthodes bayésiennes dans les essais cliniques multicritères à visée pharmaco-économique : cas d'un essai sur la schizophrénie." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T003.
Full textDomin, Jean-Paul. "Les dépenses hospitalières entre 1803 et 1993 : dynamique hospitalière et cycles longs." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010056.
Full textThe hospital system is tightly linked to the economic system. To relate both entities over this long period of time allows a setter apprehension of the current characteristics and stakes I and of the difficulties met by the system of taking charge of the diseased the hospital system was developed through a succession of stages. Each period has its own economic organisation, a disposition of social protection and health system. Those three points are deeply imbricated, achieving a resulation process. From 1603 to 1690, while france was getting industrialised, the social system was built around individual contingency fund. The medical care system is divided into a commercial sphere (doctors, healthofficers) and a non-commercial sphere (the hospital), offering assistances the destitute only. From 1895 to 1945, the capitalist system concentrated and labour rarefied. A collective disposition for social protection started to develop and the hospital system slowly opened t0 the whole population from 1945 on, the economic growth and the social security accelerated the rise of the hospital today's crisis questions this growth. The analysis calls for the hospitals quantitative history (volume I) and is founded on the l0ng-term construction of m0netary and non-monetary series. These series show evidence of long term cyclic fluctuations contrary to kondratieff's movements. During the crisis periods, called phase B, hospital expenses raise. This particularity underlines the contercyclique regulator charactere of the hospital. Since 1945, this tendency has been absent, therefore, the hospital system had to participate to the economic growth but, the crisis urges transformations and favours the emergence of new experiments regardind hospital organisation
Cloutier, Jacinthe. "Adéquation du modèle de socialisation à la consommation appliquée au domaine de l'épargne et invariance selon le mode de collecte de données." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28438/28438.pdf.
Full textEl, Gouddi Sami. "Externalités intra-sectorielles, externalités intersectorielles et spécialisation technologique internationale." Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_el_gouddi.pdf.
Full textThis thesis provides a theoretical and empirical literature on the involvement of implicit exchanges of knowledge (or externalities) on the technological performance of countries. Two types of externalities are then considered: those based on ‘’differences’’ and those based on ‘’similarities’’. The theoretical contribution is to construct a model in which externalities difference would act simultaneously with the externalities of similarity. The aim is to show how knowledge spillovers are able to account for several phenomena in one way or another to international specialization in an economy of knowledge. Specifically, the proposed evolutionary model provides a theoretical explanation for the diversification of areas largely neglected in the literature. Empirically, our main work comes in the wake of the geography of innovation. Beyond highlighting the impact of externalities on innovation, our estimates confirm the ability of sectors without comparative advantage (SAC) to generate positive interindustry spillovers. Thus, from ''harmful'' and ''involuntary'' phenomenon, diversification into (SAC) is transformed into a ''beneficial'' and ''intentional'' phenomenon likely to promote proactive policies for capture of externalities. Generally, distinguishing externalities as technological and geographical dimensions, our results allow us to draw the outlines of an efficient innovation policy that takes into account technological complementarities and geographical environment. Thus, our thesis provides an overview of the ''externalities’’ phenomenon It highlights the potential explanatory externalities in understanding the dynamics of international specialization. Similarly, it explains why certain types of externalities act more strongly on innovation than others
Benoumechiara, Nazih. "Traitement de la dépendance en analyse de sensibilité pour la fiabilité industrielle." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS047.
Full textStructural reliability studies use probabilistic approaches to quantify the risk of an accidental event occurring. The dependence between the random input variables of a model can have a significant impact on the results of the reliability study. This thesis contributes to the treatment of dependency in structural reliability studies. The two main topics covered in this document are the sensitivity analysis for dependent variables when the dependence is known and, as well as the assessment of a reliability risk when the dependence is unknown. First, we propose an extension of the permutation-based importance measures of the random forest algorithm towards the case of dependent data. We also adapt the Shapley index estimation algorithm, used in game theory, to take into account the index estimation error. Secondly, in the case of dependence structure being unknown, we propose a conservative estimate of the reliability risk based on dependency modelling to determine the most penalizing dependence structure. The proposed methodology is applied to an example of structural reliability to obtain a conservative estimate of the risk
Raj, Anasuya. "Essays in Public Economics and Political Economy." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX024.
Full textThis thesis lies in the fields of Public Economics and Political Economy and is articulated around two axes. The first and second chapters focus on redistributive policies. More precisely, they present contributions to the theory of income taxation, and adopt both a normative and a political economy perspective. The third and fourth chapters are grounded in political economy and contribute to providing a better understanding of political forces guiding reforms in multi-State unions such as the European Union. They focus on the preferences of individuals who are of great importance in decision-making processes but for whom little direct evidence is available: politicians.Both my first and second chapters seek to enrich a standard framework of optimal income taxation with new considerations, which allow to account better for both institutional and social contexts. Chapter 1 accounts for links between individuals when designing a redistribution system. Indeed, up until now income taxation problems have always dealt with redistribution between individuals, or couples, as separate entities. But in a lot of contexts, individuals are actually part of networks that may include their family, friends, village or community members, and make transfers to them on a regular basis. And this should matter to the government, because these transfers flow from richer to poorer individuals, and thus represent another form of redistribution, an informal one. My research question is then: how should the existence of such informal but redistributive transfers affect the design of income taxes? Chapter 2 starts from the observation that in many countries that have well-developed tax systems, the proportion of the population who does not pay the income tax is sizeable -- a salient feature of many tax systems in developed countries. Using tools from the normative taxation literature which we apply to a political economy of tax reforms framework, we manage to study the political economy of reforms of non-linear tax systems, which helps us understand why it might be the case that such important shares of the population are exempt from the income tax. Even though both chapters are theoretical, I use administrative and survey data to illustrate and draw concrete conclusions from my models.Finally, the last two chapters of my thesis are dedicated to a project on the preferences of French and German Members of Parliament for different EU integration measures. A first wave of questionnaire-based surveys was conducted in 2016. The aim of this project is to carry out these surveys on a regular basis so as to better understand European Union dynamics and help feed current EU debates with academic insights. The third and fourth chapters thus study the opinion of Members of Parliament regarding policies which hold particular importance in light of today's and the last ten years' debates: labour market policies, and the European Monetary Union. They provide a different take on political economy questions, and inform the preferences of an important set of actors in decision-making processes: politicians, for whom apart from their public votes and statements, little evidence is available on their opinions. In these chapters we seek to disentangle which of two factors is most important in the differences observed: cultural or ideological differences? Surprisingly, we find that for a majority of questions the answers reflect more of an ideological (left/right) divide than a French/German one. For instance, the creation of a common unemployment insurance and more labor market flexibility highlight a divide that pertains much more to ideology than to nationality. Such results may help shed light on potential directions that may be fruitful for more European integration
Delattre, Laurence. "Analyse des déterminants des choix de préservation des espaces agricoles et naturels dans les politiques locales d'urbanisme : apports d'une approche multi-méthodes." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0054.
Full textIn a context of strong spatial urban growth and given the social emerging issues related to peri-urban farmland preservation against sprawl, we look into the elements that determine local public choices of urban development, in terms of land consumption and densities. We first consider economic frameworks of analysis from Urban and Welfare Economics that address urban planning decision making. Then, we analyze how a multi-method approach (discourse analysis, text statistics and econometrics on a large municipal database) can help build a theoretical framework adapted to a regulated and decentralized context as the French one. We apply this approach to Southeastern France municipal land use plans (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, "PACA" Region). The result is an enriched framework of analysis that shows the importance of determinants rarely mentioned in the literature and an assessment of their effect on public decision. Particular roles of some agricultural activity characteristics, elected officials' legitimacy, some of the political characteristics, supra¬municipal policies and interactions between municipalities are outlined. We also highlight synergies between qualitative and quantitative methods such as between discourse, text analyses and econometrics, namely in a perspective of generalization to heterogeneous geographical and institutional contexts. Avenues for future research and some recommendations to public decision-makers are lastly proposed for an in-depth examination
Caruso, Alberto. "Essays on Empirical Macroeconomics." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/308164/4/TOC.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Marques, Santos Anabela. "Public and private financing of innovation: Assessing constraints, selection process and firm performance." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/277460.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Dhermy-Mairal, Marine. "Les sciences sociales et l'action au Bureau international du travail (1920-1939)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0118.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation is about the history of scientific practices at the International Labor Organization between 1920 and 1939. They are considered as a moment of convergence between both scientific and political concerns, aimed at establishing an international moral that would be based on social sciences. We set the general organization of research at ILO, tracked civil servants and scientists trajectories, analyzed their discourses on science and scientificity. We then turned more particularly on an epistemological and political study of the "Enquiry on production", with a special focus on scientific collaborations which helped leading the enquiry. These activities are deepened through a history of statistical thinking and social sciences. On the one hand, we paid a sustained attention to the intellectual and scientific contribution to ILO's work of four disciples of the French sociologist Emile Durkheim. On the other hand, and conversely, we also looked at the moral role that was attributed to ILO by these scientists within their intellectual durkheimian's framework. This peculiar moment of interaction between science and action allows us to write a unique story which intertwines a history of administrative savoir-faire with a history of social sciences in the interwar
Labib, Malak. "La statistique d’État en Égypte à l’ère coloniale : Finances, espace public et représentation (1875-1922)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3046.
Full textMy dissertation deals with the emergence and development of statistics, as a field of knowledge and practice in Egypt during the colonial era (1875-1922). It attempts to explore the complex relationship between knowledge production and colonization by analyzing how the emergence of new forms of enumeration and classification contributed to the making of the colonial State in Egypt
Pacella, Claudia. "Essays on Forecasting." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/307579/4/CP_ToC.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Ricci, Lorenzo. "Essays on tail risk in macroeconomics and finance: measurement and forecasting." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/242122.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Nganga, Irungu William. "Essais sur la dynamique de la soutenabilité de la dette du Kenya." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080024/document.
Full textExisting literature on debt sustainability emphasizes the existence of a threshold or a tipping point beyond which debt compromises growth and destabilizes the economy. This Ph.D. thesis goes beyond threshold testing and presents three additional approaches which could be used to further interrogate debt dynamics. Using annual time series data from 1963 to 2015, and employing a Structural Vector Autoregressive Model (SVAR), Markov switching models (MS) and Self-Exciting Threshold Autoregressive models (SETAR) for robustness, the three chapters cross-examine Kenya’s debt sustainability, by addressing three questions: First chapter, is the fiscal policy response to macroeconomic shocks consistent with a sustainable debt trajectory? The second chapter, given that the fiscal response may deviate from the sustainable path in the short-run, are these deviations systematically corrected in the long run? The third chapter, to what extent does coordination between monetary and fiscal policy, if any, alleviate or exacerbate debt sustainability in the long run? The results obtained confirm the following: (i) The primary balance reacts to macroeconomic shocks in a manner consistent with debt sustainability (ii) Fiscal consolidation might be counterproductive as a response to debt management. (iii) Debt drives growth in Kenya. (iv) Both sustainable and unsustainable fiscal regimes are dominant with each lasting an average of four years, while the No-Ponzi game condition weakly holds in the Kenyan economy in the long run. (v) The persistence of unsustainability regime for more than four years could threaten long-run fiscal sustainability
Feraille, Maxime. "Etude du Transport dans les Transistors MOSFETs Contraints: Modélisation Multi-échelle." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00436049.
Full textStevens, Louis-Mathieu. "Statistiques appliquées en chirurgie cardiaque adulte : analyses de survie et applications du “propensity score”." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8943.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to study in depth advanced biostatistical techniques in adult cardiac surgery outcome research. The studies were designed to incorporate the concepts of survival analysis, regression analysis with propensity score, and cost analysis. The first manuscript assessed survival, and cardiovascular specific mortality, following surgical repair of acute ascending aortic dissection. The statistical analyses included survival analyses with multiphase parametric hazard regression and other parametric (exponential, Weibull), semi-parametric (Cox) or non-parametric models (Kaplan Meier), comparison with the survival of a matched cohort for age, gender and race using State lifetables, and modelization with bootstrapping and multinomial logit models. The study showed that the early and late survival following surgical repair has improved progressively over 25 years in association with noticeable changes in surgical techniques and preoperative diagnostic testing. The second manuscript focused on outcomes following isolated coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with a history of percutaneous coronary intervention. The statistical analyses included multivariable regression models with propensity score, complex matching algorithm (1:3) and appropriate statistical analyses for matched groups (standardized differences, generalized estimating equations, and survival analyses with stratified proportional hazards models). The study showed that remote prior percutaneous coronary intervention more than 14 days before coronary artery bypass grafting surgery was not associated with adverse outcomes at short or long-term follow-up. The third manuscript evaluated the financial consequences and the changes in case mix that occurred at an academic medical center subsequent to the implementation of a satellite cardiac surgery program. The statistical analyses included two-way ANOVA multivariable regression models (logistic, linear or ordinal), propensity score, and cost analyses using Log-Normal parametric models. “Survival” analyses models were also explored, using “cost” instead of “time” as the outcome of interest, and led to similar conclusions. The study showed that, after implementation of the satellite cardiac surgery program, fewer patients of lower complexity came to the academic medical center from the satellite program area, with a significant increase in nursing workload and costs.