Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Économie industrielle – Environnement'
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Brécard, Dorothée. "L'environnement, nouvelle dimension de la compétition économique." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010053.
Full textDo environmental policies lead to a reduction of the competitiveness of the polluting firms ? The theory of industrial organization, with its processing of products differenciation, of research and development and of adoption of new technologies, is particularly adapted to answer this question. The environmental policy modifies the arbitration of the firm on the goods market (price, quantity, quality and variety) and, upstream, between its technological choices. It has an effect on the market structure and on the position of polluting firms. Thus, it constitutes a new incentive source for the firms who want to keep their market shares. In this thesis, we lead a reflection in two steps : in the first part, we show how the industrial economics with its microeconomic modelisation of differentiation and innovation helps to deal with our subject ; in the second part, we build specific models of competition for innovation based on some empirical studies to settle the debate. Our models take the form of three stage games between two firms, each of them located in different countries, and the regulator of each country. In the first stage of the game, the regulators choose the level of the environmental tax to impose on their polluting firms. This stage is conditioned by their will to cooperate to wrestle with pollution. Taking as given the tax level(s), firms are engaged in an innovation race to win a patent for the utilization of a clean technology. At the end of this stage, firms compete on the good market (competition a la cournot or a la bertrand, homogeneous or differentiated market). We show the important role of the tax and of the ecological consciousness of consumers in the firms incentive to innovate. We determine the optimal cooperative or non cooperative policies
Wailly, Jeanne-Marie. "Risques industriels, travail et environnement : contribution du droit de l'environnement à la protection de la santé au travail et ses conséquences sur l'entreprise polluante." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0211.
Full textThis thesis objective is to review the situation, concerning the state of health at work at the beginning of the twenty-first century in France. The matter of the study is more particularly about the health of workers in companies but also about people who live near industrial plants. . . The emphasis is put on the methodology followed, which combines the contribution of law (work, social,. . . ), economy, history and sociology. . . This thesis demonstrates through time and space, the confrontation between health at work and environment. It also shows how the law and other elements have allowed a parallel and then a collaboration. Owever the gap is Hobvious at the end of the 19th Century (with the Industrial Revolution), and the environment law which appears approximatively a century later (in 1970, with the economical crisis). This thesis is illustrated from an empirical point of view by a study realised inside Dunkerque area, whose aim was identify the consequences of air pollution on individuals. The research was led so as to retranscribe as well as possible the feeling or the disorders experienced by the people pollued, and then to translate them, during the analysis on effects on health, and also on social economic effects
Chidiak, Martina. "Une analyse positive des accords volontaires pour la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre d'origine industrielle." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1054.
Full textErkman, Suren. "L'écologie industrielle : une stratégie pour l'éco-restructuration du système industriel." Troyes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TROY0004.
Full textThe new domain of industrial ecology considers the industrial system as an analogue of a biological ecosystem. Industrial ecology offers a global and integrated perspective on environmental issues, much broader that waste treatment. The basic methodology of industrial ecology is called industrial metabolism. It consists in measuring and studying the totality of resource flows (materials and energys) used by the industrial societies. Industrial ecology is also an operational approach to sustainable development, which applies to industrialised and developing countries as well. It proposes a strategy for an in-depth eco-restructuration of the industrial system as a whole along four complementary axes : 1) close resources flows (quasi-cyclic economy) ; 2) minimise dissipative losses ; 3) dematerialise economic activities ; 4) decarbonise the energy system. The thesis offers a general theoretical synthesis of the emerging field of industrial ecology, as well as a number of case studies in different sectors of the economy
Kasmi, Fédoua. "Écologie industrielle, milieu éco-innovateur et diversification de l'économie territoriale : le cas du complexe industrialo-portuaire de Dunkerque." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0488.
Full textIndustrial ecology includes a set of practices aimed at reducing polluting industrial discharges and stands today as a possible way for the transition of industrial system towards a more sustainable operating mode, inspired by natural ecosystems. Its implementation can also be at the origin of innovation dynamics favorable to the development and diversification of territories, especially industrial ones. Industrial ecology is generally studied from the view of its industrial organization (organization of input and output flows, institutional framework and organization of cooperation between companies) and the environmental impacts it entails (economy of materials, recycling, etc.). In this thesis, we study its potential in terms of territorial economic development. For this purpose, we build a theoretical and conceptual framework to highlight the role of industrial ecology as a driver for development and diversification of territories. We propose a new analytical model based on the concept of eco-innovative milieu. This concept, built by crossing the literature on industrial ecology and theories of territorial economy and innovation, explains the mechanisms by which industrial ecology can promote territorial attractiveness and eco-innovation dynamics. It is the foundation on which our hypotheses are based. This model of analysis is applied to the industrialo-port complex of Dunkirk, a territory with strong industrial specialization in search of new ways of diversification of economic activities. We seek to understand the advantages of industrial ecology for the construction of an "eco-innovative" milieu, in which the effects of agglomeration favor the generation and the attractiveness of new activities thus contributing to a diversification of territorial economy. We adopt a mixed methodology based on the descriptive analysis of two databases of companies and a set of semi-structured interviews with 30 companies and institutions. The empirical study shows that industrial ecology contributes to the development of the characteristics of an eco-innovative milieu in Dunkirk. however, the dynamics of collective learning and eco-innovation specific to eco-innovative milieus remain modest. In addition, a nex dynamic of business creation has developed in Dunkirk since 2014. These new companies are linked to companies in the industrial symbiosis, either by the sector of activity, or by eco-industrial synergies. However, this dynamic only concerns a few units, but tends to validate our analysis. The diversification dynamic based on a related variety highlighted here faces, however, many difficulties. These are related to the operational and organizational aspects of the synergies nut they are also specific to the territory (economic fragility and path dependence). The contribution of industrial ecology to the diversification of industrial territories depends, in our opinion, on the resolution of these difficulties. The development of service activities and adapted territorial governance can contribute to the reduction of these limits. We study the characteristics of the service sector and the governance of the industrial symbiosis in Dunkirk. We end up with a set of recommendations that can be useful for public policies as well as for companies and institutions, in order to strengthen the eco-innovative milieu and foster the innovation dynamics that it promises
Faure, Anouk. "The structural determinants of carbon prices in the EU-ETS." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100110.
Full textThe European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) is referred to as the cornerstone of the EU's fight against climate change. However, carbon prices delivered have been judged too low and volatile to durably place the economy on a low-carbon trajectory. Price outcomes were largely attributed to a supply imbalance of permits due to external shocks: supply-side reforms, reviewed in a first chapter, were in turn conducted to shield the EU-ETS from them, with limited success.Yet, most prospective analyses of the EU-ETS rest on archetypal models of emission trading, which disregard the inner market structure and fundamentals. Therefore, this dissertation contributes to better understand price formation in the European carbon market by investigating structural drivers of permit prices, appraising their impact on market outcomes and policy design. Motivated by transaction and compliance data, the second and third chapters provide ex-post analyses of the second (2008-2012) and third (2013-2020) trading periods. We find that the market structure is unstable, with consequences on prices and supply-side policies. Our results question the benefits of a carbon price floor to remedy these instabilities, by helping market actors anchor expectations about future carbon prices. A fourth chapter thus conducts a comparative ex-ante analysis of the EU-ETS power sector under three plausible price floor policies. Our results suggest that no such complementary policies are necessary, because of the MSR's ability to quickly cutback on the number of allowances in circulation
Georgeault, Laurent. "Le potentiel d'écologie industrielle en France : approche territoriale et éléments de réalisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010641.
Full textNo English summary available
Baronnet, Véronique. "Environnement économique industriel et règlementaire du médicament." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P035.
Full textDumoulin, François. "Évaluation environnementale d'un projet de symbiose industrielle territoriale : application à un projet de gestion territorialisée de résidus organiques valorisés en agriculture dans l'ouest de la Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0029/document.
Full textEfficient use of by-products is essential as natural ressources are increasingly scarce. Industrial strategies to adress this issue are more efficient when they are developed on a system-based level, such as with regional industrial symbioses,rather then with individual or isolated approaches.Regional industrial symbiosis projects involve different industrial activities based on a territory and that are to be engaged collectively in order to make structural changes within the regional metabolism. This kind of project might be promoted by individuals or organisations legitimated by the whole of industrial symbiosis'actors. A facilitator group initiates the project, catalysing changes, based on a plausible promise of benefits. Those considered changes are gradually adapted and refined by the involved actors. In such a way, plausible benefits must match to their model of choice that comprises environmental, among others, dimensions.While methods and tools dedicated to environmental assessment of product were developped under strong research effort, the issue of environmental assessment fo regional industrial symbioses so far as has been weakly studied. For that purpose Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is presented as an ultimate environmental assessment method. However, LCA was not elaborated in oder to account for individual environmental perspective, nor to address structural system changes induced consequently to the implementation of a regional industrial sysbiosis nore its temporal effects on the environment, but instead LCA addresses global environmental issues related to a product. Starting from this analysis, and dealing with outcomes from social sciences, we propose to adopt an anthropocentric conception of the environment, as a system of complex subject-object relationships, for which we identify key elements of the perception of environemental consequences. Those key elements enable to build a logical basis composed of three environments that enable to cover, and thus to consider, actors' perception of environmental consequences related to the project. We present a participatory method that embeds this logical basis and suggests successively to 1) identify the environmental phenomena of interest related to the project, 2) design corresponding indicators considering concomitantly available data about the biophysical characteristics and scientific knowledge about the impact chains, 3) assess the environmental consequences. We illustrate the method and its epistemological foundations with a case study: a project that aims to recycle organic residues in agriculture in Réunion Island
Mourier, Pascal. "Délocalisations industrielles compétitives." Paris 9, 1990. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1990PA090008.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is about plant relocation. This is a thesis of industrial organization focused on plant; we will try to demonstrate that the turbulent environment nowadays causes frequent relocation of existing plants. Therefore, these firmmust learn to master and manage the plant relocation process. In a first part of the thesis, we have tried to understand the relocation phenomenon and determine how location and relocation articulate one with the other. The second part aims at analysing the plant relocation at the firm level and answer such questions as: how to work out plant relocation, which ruptures can we identify and how to manage them?
Bisiaux, Justine. "La transition vers l'innovation soutenable pour les entreprises industrielles : une approche par les business models : application au domaine du génie industriel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2216.
Full textOver the past decades, a new context in favor of sustainable development emerged. New models of consumption and production are developed. This shift from intensive innovation to sustainable innovation leads some companies to rethink their business model. However, this business model evolution requires strategic and organizational changes that some companies fail to overcome. These companies’ situations reveal a double challenge : the need to characterize sustainable innovation on the one hand and defining a strategy for disseminating sustainable innovation on the other hand.To characterize sustainable innovation, three notions are mobilized : the business model, sustainability and functionality. The results of this exploration suggest the use of the business modelas an intermediary object to promote the co-construction and the evolution of business models. The study of sustainable led us to associate functional economy - servicial business model - to eco-design- environmental design - as a declination of sustainable innovation. Functionality concept analysis revealed the complementarity of functional economy and eco-design approaches. This allows us to define new offers from the use-values point of view. The exploration of these three notions also leads to propose a paradigm shift in favor of sustainable paradigm. This paradigm shift is followed by the development and characterization of business models trajectories. These trajectories guide companies in achieving the highest levels of sustainable innovation on the long term. These theoretical results were used to develop a method called Business Model Explorer for Sustainability (BMES). The BMES method allows companies to develop sustainable business models and to define trajectories toward these business models. The method is based on the upgradability concept as operational application of sustainable innovation. The method was developed and tested with the two industrial partners of IDCyclUM project : Neopost and Rowenta. One of the main proposed research perspectives is to continue defining sustainable innovation. This concept remains indeed ambiguous and there is still no consensus about its definition at present
Herbelin, Alice. "Ecologie territoriale et trajectoires de transitions : le cas du Rhône-Médian." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH026.
Full textTerritorial ecology is a research field which proposes to analyse the functioning of a territory under the perspective of the flows of matter and energy which passes by and characterize it. This analysis is particularly led through the concept of territorial metabolism. Through this lens, flows are considered in their material dimension but also under the light of the actor systems and of the political and socio-economic issues which influence them. Thus, territorial ecology tends to underline socio-ecological transition levers on the scale of territories.This thesis proposes to test these concepts through a field study in the mid Rhône valley. Looking back to the end of the 18th century, the research firstly underlines how a socio-ecological regime is progressively set around the industry sector and the heavy infrastructures at the scale of the territory. Then, the thesis describes how this regime gets materialized into today’s metabolism through the analysis of four different kinds of flows (energy, water, toxic elements, food). This metabolism is described as intensive and toxic – according to the level of intensity and toxicity of the flows at stake – as well as absorbing – in the way it deals with other territories’ metabolic functions (waste management, food production). These properties of the Rhône-Médian’s metabolism implicate limited capacity for local actors (inhabitants, public actors, farmers) to act towards the reduction or the transformation of these flows. However, within a context of change in production systems and of residentialisation, several local initiatives emerge. Through this process, local actors gain a better understanding and better capabilities to act on the flows of energy and matter in order to engage with sustainable territorial development. These local initiatives lead to several forms of reassessment of existing power relationships but the industrial socio-ecological regime remains, partly because some lock-ins which structure and self-sustain this regime are not questioned
Jagu, Schippers Emma. "Addressing climate change with carbon dioxide removal : Insights from industrial economics and cooperative games." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST134.
Full textRemoving CO2 from the atmosphere in addition to rapid mitigation efforts appear inevitable to keep global warming below 2°C. A growing number of countries and companies are setting “net zero” greenhouse gas emissions objectives in the coming decades, which implies that residual CO2 emissions would be compensated for by Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR). CDR methods enhance natural carbon sinks or chemically engineer CO2 out of the atmosphere for durable storage through, for example, afforestation, Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS), or Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS). Although some methods are already well-established and technically feasible, CDR faces a slow uptake. With few exceptions to date, large-scale projects have not been commercially deployed. The identification of the socio-economic barriers currently hindering the deployment of CDR is thus a fundamental and timely research challenge. In particular, the barriers related to strategic interactions and coordination issues within value chains are often overlooked, despite being critical to unlocking a large-scale deployment of CDR.This thesis examines two specific coordination issues: (i) the deployment of shared CO2 transportation infrastructures, which are essential for the upscaling of BECCS processes, and (ii) the formation of interregional coalitions to reduce the overall costs of CDR. In both cases, cooperation can only succeed if a mutually acceptable and fair distribution of the costs and benefits can be achieved. Cooperative game-theory is thus particularly well-suited to examine such gain-sharing problems. The application of cooperative game-theory to a Swedish case-study of CO2 infrastructure deployment reveals that an incentive-compatible sharing of infrastructure costs is possible, provided that a sufficiently high CO2 price is reached. However, BECCS projects may be locked out from pipeline construction projects because of their current lack of economic incentives compared to fossil-fueled CCS projects. The risk of lock-out has important policy implications, as forward-looking infrastructure planning appears necessary to ensure the inclusion of BECCS in CO2 infrastructure. Finally, this thesis argues that inter-regional cooperation is instrumental in affordably deploying CDR and provides guiding principles on fair gain-sharing to ensure inter-regional agreements can materialize
Chautard, Guy. "Environnement, croissance économique et territoire : l'exemple d'une zone de tradition industrielle du Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50374-2000-17-18.pdf.
Full textJacq, Annie. "Analyse économique des réhabilitations de sites industriels pollués." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40013.
Full textBrouillat, Eric. "Dynamique industrielle et innovation environnementale : le cas de la prévention des déchets." Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40034.
Full textWaste prevention is discussed through a review of the mergence and diffusion dunamics of "green products", i. E. Eco-designed products less polluting at the end of life. Our study is structured around two central pillars : an analysis of the innovation process at the center of technological change and a study of the interactions amongst the key players of the product life cycle. Our approach is based on a stylised framework of waste prevention focusing as multi-features technologies. Their technological dynamics wil depend on firms' innovation strategies linked to consumers and post- consumer activities in a context of regulatory pressure. On this basis, we study the dynamics of waste prevention with a micro-simulation model. The development of green products is analysed through processes involving multiple compromises and trade-off brtween the technological and the regulatory dimensions and the consumer demand. This dynamic approach provides us with insights about effectiveness of the environmental innovation strategies of firms competing in a market. It also highlights the main determinants of their technological, economic and environmental performance and the effects on the dynamics of a regulation based on the extended producer responsability principle
Fortin, Marie-José. "Paysage industriel, lieu de médiation sociale et enjeu de développement durable et de justice environnementale : les cas des complexes d'Alcan (Alma, Québec) et de Péchiney (Dunkerque, France)." Thèse, Paris 1, 2005. http://constellation.uqac.ca/535/1/24605668.pdf.
Full textSeboun, Virginie. "La gestion des déchets industriels en hydrologie." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P106.
Full textPeyrache-Gadeau, Véronique. "Dynamiques différenciées des économies territoriales : apports des analyses en termes de districts industriels et de milieux innovateurs." Grenoble 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE21027.
Full textTerritorial economy is a recent subject distinct from spatial analysis, it studies socio-economics conditions of the loc al development. Two notions : the "systemes productifs localises" and the "milieux innovateurs" constitute the theoritic al references. They describe a plurality of local economies and of dynamics that determines their evolution along trajectories. This trajectories are a mix of history and innovation
Reverdy, Thomas. "L'invention du management environnemental : extension de la qualité industrielle et régulation négociée de l'environnement." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134703.
Full textSerret, Ysé. "Prise en compte de la dynamique industrielle dans les politiques de l'environnement : vers un mode de régulation entre incitation économique et démarche volontaire de l'industrie." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010034.
Full textBisiaux, Justine. "La transition vers l'innovation soutenable pour les entreprises industrielles : une approche par les business models : application au domaine du génie industriel." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2216/document.
Full textOver the past decades, a new context in favor of sustainable development emerged. New models of consumption and production are developed. This shift from intensive innovation to sustainable innovation leads some companies to rethink their business model. However, this business model evolution requires strategic and organizational changes that some companies fail to overcome. These companies’ situations reveal a double challenge : the need to characterize sustainable innovation on the one hand and defining a strategy for disseminating sustainable innovation on the other hand.To characterize sustainable innovation, three notions are mobilized : the business model, sustainability and functionality. The results of this exploration suggest the use of the business modelas an intermediary object to promote the co-construction and the evolution of business models. The study of sustainable led us to associate functional economy - servicial business model - to eco-design- environmental design - as a declination of sustainable innovation. Functionality concept analysis revealed the complementarity of functional economy and eco-design approaches. This allows us to define new offers from the use-values point of view. The exploration of these three notions also leads to propose a paradigm shift in favor of sustainable paradigm. This paradigm shift is followed by the development and characterization of business models trajectories. These trajectories guide companies in achieving the highest levels of sustainable innovation on the long term. These theoretical results were used to develop a method called Business Model Explorer for Sustainability (BMES). The BMES method allows companies to develop sustainable business models and to define trajectories toward these business models. The method is based on the upgradability concept as operational application of sustainable innovation. The method was developed and tested with the two industrial partners of IDCyclUM project : Neopost and Rowenta. One of the main proposed research perspectives is to continue defining sustainable innovation. This concept remains indeed ambiguous and there is still no consensus about its definition at present
Varlet, Delphine. "Enjeux, potentialités et contraintes de l'écologie industrielle : le cas de Dunkerque." Thesis, Littoral, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DUNK0329.
Full textIn front of current ecological stakes the industrial ecology is presented as one of the most ambitious fields of reflection and action. The underlying idea is to develop the industrial system under the shape of symbioses as the fact the nature, by the implementation of outlets for the flows of waste, water or energy of a company towards other films. However, within the corpus of the industrial ecology, indeed few empirical studies evoke the reasons which can motivate companies to make a commitment in such practices, the economic, environmental and social concrete clear advantages, and the constraints were associated with the exchanges. The main objective of the thesis is to analyze this internal prospect of the industrial ecology from a study of the case of the urban area of Dunkirk. It is a question of understanding the reasons for which companies set upt substitution synergies, to estimate profits obtained as well as constraints associated with the exchange. We led semi-directive conversations with seventeen large companies belonging to diverse business sectors such as the steel industry, the energy, the cement work, the chemestry, etc... Our thesis shows that companies make a commitment in steps of industrial ecology because of the external pressures (in particular of the regulations) and intern (costs, internal problems) and that the commitment is actual only if economic and environmental advantages take shape. Besides, the success of the collaboration rests on a good joint of the formal and informal devices which the partners are going to set up
Schneider-Maunoury, Grégory. "Adéquation des sytèmes réglementaires et des stratégies d'entreprise dans la gestion des pollutions industrielles : une comparaison européenne : Pays-Bas, Allemagne, France." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32042.
Full textThe point of this dissertation is the relationship between firm and government in industrial pollution management. In a contractual perspective deducted from the agency theory this thesis enables to point out the incentive and control mechanisms of the firms by governments and their use by firms and to work out a general evolution scheme of these relationships towards a greater efficiency. From this conceptual model a comparison of three regulatory frameworks (covenant in the netherlands, emas in germany, "self-control" in france) has enabled to point out the strengthes and weaknesses of these frameworks and of their implementation in the firms and to suggest some improvements by the firm and by the government
Abushehada, Ismail. "Economic, social and environmental impacts of industrial estates development : Gaza industrial estate as case study." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32029.
Full textEl, Heit Sonia. "Méthodologie de veille-prospective concertative appliquée aux déchets industriels banals : quelle place pour la demande sociale? : une application aux véhicules hors d'usage." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS006S.
Full textNon hazardous industrial wastes are a difficult reality to manage : they disturb. In order to manage these difficulties, (horizontal and vertical) environmental regulations have gradually been created. The problem is that the actual situation of “waste” regulation cannot be strictly applied. The increasing number of legal rules favoured creation of a nexus which is difficult to understand. Solutions in waste treatment already exist and can offer numerous opportunities of management. Unfortunately, deep disagreements appear between actors, each trying to minimise the cost of treatment, putting the blame on the other. This situation is the consequence of a weakness in the waste definition: according to the considered approach, the definition seems to favour such actor or such factor. Finally, the recurrent element to theses disagreements lies on the conception of waste. In appearance, these definitions have nothing to share. Nevertheless, a deep analysis shows the need for a common denominator: this is the social demand. The former has reached to shape each approach of waste(historic, economic, environmental and legal)
Abrassart, Christophe. "La naissance de l'éco-conception : acteurs, raisonnements, enjeux de pilotage et horizons d'une rationalisation industrielle." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00712974.
Full textThe environmental crisis is a major challenge for the twenty-first century capitalism: how companies can indeed become both "green" and competitive? An original response appears during the 1990s among engineers and designers with the practice known as "eco-design", which is now implemented in many large companies and innovative SMEs. This approach, which aims to redesign the goods and services to make them more durable, has brought many innovations such as life cycle analysis (LCA) which introduces a breakthrough in the way of mapping the environmental issues of an object by switching from the territory to the physical life cycle. But what are the strategic horizons involved in this industrial rationalization? Are there different ways to practice eco-design? And if so, what are their rationales and their effects? Based on different methods of investigation (research-interventions, genealogies of professions) and a logic of "prospective of the present time", this thesis shows that eco-design experiences in companies are following two "rational myths" (Hatchuel), the engineers one, from the reasoning of the LCA, and the designers one, based on the critical redesign of user-object relations, rational myths which are themselves connected to two possible strategic horizons. The first is the assessment on the markets: its objective is to instrument "green markets" with prescription devices such as the eco-labels, in which LCA works as a new norm of truth. In this horizon which is marked by rule-based eco-design approaches and competition by environmental standards strategies (e. G. Settlement of the eco-label), the LCA engineer appears to be a dominant player. The second horizon is the transformation of the self through tools to optimize or redesign a lifestyle (manuals for sustainable consumers, critical catalogs and fictions of designers). These approaches are here analyzed with Foucault's concept of technologies of the self and Ricoeur's concept of narrative identity. In this horizon where strategy plays as designing scenographies (Aggeri) we find that the designer is carrying out a more radical criticism through more innovative eco-design approaches that change together the identity of objects, markets and individuals. Thus, it is by taking into account the variety of these problematizations that eco-design will be able to provide innovative solutions to the challenges of sustainable development
Aouay, Faten. "L'éco-innovation dans le secteur industriel. Quels déterminants, quelles barrières et quel rôle pour améliorer les performances des entreprises ? Cas de la Tunisie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BRES0077.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to investigate the determinants of eco-innovation and the barriers that impede it, as well as to assess its impact on the environmental performance, the economic performance in terms of growth and profitability as well as the companies’ reputation. Our approach includes two parts; the first one presents the state of the art of the eco-innovation phenomenon accompanied by the presentation of the specificities of Tunisia, which is our field of research the second one, which is of empirical order, includes a survey carried out among159 Tunisian industrial companies. The data were analyzed using the following methods: principal component analysis, the discriminant analysis, and multiple regressions. Our main findings identified four important points.Firstly, the practice of eco-innovation is less widespread than that of non-ecological innovation.Secondly, the barriers to eco-innovation fall into the typology of market barriers, knowledge barriers, and cost barriers. Thirdly, there are four determinants that particularly stimulate eco-innovation, such as technology, competitive pressure, expected benefits and market instruments, while command and control regulatory instruments and ecological consumer’s demand do not contribute significantly. Fourthly, ecoinnovation has a significant impact on both environmental performance and firms’ reputation, but does not directly improve economic performance in terms of economic growth and profitability
Kasmi, Fédoua. "Écologie industrielle, milieu éco-innovateur et diversification de l'économie territoriale : le cas du complexe industrialo-portuaire de Dunkerque." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0488/document.
Full textIndustrial ecology includes a set of practices aimed at reducing polluting industrial discharges and stands today as a possible way for the transition of industrial system towards a more sustainable operating mode, inspired by natural ecosystems. Its implementation can also be at the origin of innovation dynamics favorable to the development and diversification of territories, especially industrial ones. Industrial ecology is generally studied from the view of its industrial organization (organization of input and output flows, institutional framework and organization of cooperation between companies) and the environmental impacts it entails (economy of materials, recycling, etc.). In this thesis, we study its potential in terms of territorial economic development. For this purpose, we build a theoretical and conceptual framework to highlight the role of industrial ecology as a driver for development and diversification of territories. We propose a new analytical model based on the concept of eco-innovative milieu. This concept, built by crossing the literature on industrial ecology and theories of territorial economy and innovation, explains the mechanisms by which industrial ecology can promote territorial attractiveness and eco-innovation dynamics. It is the foundation on which our hypotheses are based. This model of analysis is applied to the industrialo-port complex of Dunkirk, a territory with strong industrial specialization in search of new ways of diversification of economic activities. We seek to understand the advantages of industrial ecology for the construction of an "eco-innovative" milieu, in which the effects of agglomeration favor the generation and the attractiveness of new activities thus contributing to a diversification of territorial economy. We adopt a mixed methodology based on the descriptive analysis of two databases of companies and a set of semi-structured interviews with 30 companies and institutions. The empirical study shows that industrial ecology contributes to the development of the characteristics of an eco-innovative milieu in Dunkirk. however, the dynamics of collective learning and eco-innovation specific to eco-innovative milieus remain modest. In addition, a nex dynamic of business creation has developed in Dunkirk since 2014. These new companies are linked to companies in the industrial symbiosis, either by the sector of activity, or by eco-industrial synergies. However, this dynamic only concerns a few units, but tends to validate our analysis. The diversification dynamic based on a related variety highlighted here faces, however, many difficulties. These are related to the operational and organizational aspects of the synergies nut they are also specific to the territory (economic fragility and path dependence). The contribution of industrial ecology to the diversification of industrial territories depends, in our opinion, on the resolution of these difficulties. The development of service activities and adapted territorial governance can contribute to the reduction of these limits. We study the characteristics of the service sector and the governance of the industrial symbiosis in Dunkirk. We end up with a set of recommendations that can be useful for public policies as well as for companies and institutions, in order to strengthen the eco-innovative milieu and foster the innovation dynamics that it promises
Milor, Alice. "Construire l’automobile, conduire l’Europe. Industriels, consommateurs et responsables politiques (1972-1998)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUL100.pdf.
Full textThrough the making of a European policy for the automotive industry, the future of this sector and that of European governance in a context of increased globalization were at stake. At the crossroads of business history and the history of European integration, the objective was to analyze the intertwined trajectories of the automobile industry and the European project at a time when competition from Japanese manufacturers had intensified. The Europeanisation of automobile policies since the 1970s has not only influenced the future of this sector, but has also had an impact on the European project, contributing to the emergence of a form of neoliberalism. High-ranking European officials have used the automobile to forge the Europe they wanted, while manufacturers have sought a Europe that best served their economic interests. In this way, the various stakeholders have tried to shape a form of European automotive identity with variable geometry, which is difficult to capture. This raises the question of European governance, i.e. the way in which the stakeholders – Member States, European decision-makers, industrialists, association activists and civil society – have defended their interests at Community level, between confrontation and co-construction. The battles waged by lobbies and the Commission's secret negotiations, which have led to soft-law agreements with no legal basis, raise the delicate question of the EU's democratic deficit at a time when Euroscepticism is on the rise and the car is increasingly perceived as a product that damages the environment
Aliste, Enrique. "Démarche historique environnementale du développement dans la ville industrielle de Concepción, (Chili), 1950-2012 : du développement au développement durable." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0090.
Full textThis work takes place around the ideas of the city, over the issue of development speeches for half a century. It raises the question of sustainable development today, also put into question the looks of a long term on the twentieth century. The industrial city of Concepción (south central Chile) was the icon developmentalist ideas from the second half of the twentieth century. With the hope of the promised modernity, the city expected the progress ; after, the economic growth and development, and ultimately, the sustainable development. Each time with his own speeches will print its mark on the space. Thus, the territory became above all a process, not just a space that contains the physical, economic, social or cultural phenomena. This is the complex of all the joints and this requires a broad and diverse look. Then the geohistorical approach allows to provide an opportunity to discuss the prospects of a territory to both, real and imagined, as it unfolds through plans, speeches and projects, and still experiences that lived by its inhabitants. Anyway, here is a look to the questions about the development from the traces that can be read on the space we have built with the industrialization of a city with quite specific characteristics from its geographical conditions. Thus we can re-signified the issue of development, beyond the traditional concepts of economic geography and classical geopolitics
Bentata, Pierre. "La combinaison de réglementation et de responsabilité civile environnementale : manifestations et efficacité dans le droit français." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1118.
Full textMost developed countries use a mix of public regulation and civil liability to cope with environmental risks and damages. Though, a vast majority of economic scholars tend to favour a regime of pure regulation in the domain of environmental accidents, arguing that liability cannot provide incentives for polluters and potential injurers to take socially desirable care. Our dissertation aims to answer this paradox between legal reality and economic theory. In the first part of our study, we develop an operational approach of the concept of externality based on the concrete characteristics that represent an impediment to individual cooperation and thus to the application of property rights. This method allows us to compare the efficiency of public regulation and civil liability and to reach a clear-cut conclusion: in the most complex situations, neither regulation nor liability is able to encourage socially desirable care and to ensure complete compensation for victims at the same time. In these situations, joint use of both legal instruments might be superior to regulation or liability alone because it enables each instrument to overcome the inefficiencies of the other, through interactions and informational transfers occurring between judges and regulators. In the second part, we test our theory in the French case. To observe the existence of institutional interactions between judges and regulators, we create a unique dataset gathering the whole litigations on environmental accidents from cases adjudicated by the Court of Cassation since 1956. Our econometric results show that joint use of regulation and liability emerged to promote economic efficiency of the legal system
Mondello, Gérard. "Logique environnementale, logique économique : étude par le contentieux des Installations Classées pour la Protection de l'Environnement (ICEP)." Phd thesis, Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0006.
Full textThe French Law about installations (Classified Installation for Environment protection CIEP) is generally understood as a compromise between the protection of economical and environmental interests. This dissertation analyses the terms of this social contract, and, in this aim, we study the different CIEP litigations facing judicial (civil and criminal) and administrative Courts. Then, it is put into evidence the structural difficulties to achieve this goal. This is mainly due to the missing of an effective representation of the Environment in front of these Courts in spite of unquestionable progresses in Law and Constitution. This work makes proposals for the rewriting the CIEP Law by a more comprehensive integration of the fundamental roots of the sustainable development, particularly the precaution principle and the participation of the concerned people. This involves extending strict liability to the precaution
Bentata, Pierre. "La combinaison de réglementation et de responsabilité civile environnementale : manifestations et efficacité dans le droit français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1118.
Full textMost developed countries use a mix of public regulation and civil liability to cope with environmental risks and damages. Though, a vast majority of economic scholars tend to favour a regime of pure regulation in the domain of environmental accidents, arguing that liability cannot provide incentives for polluters and potential injurers to take socially desirable care. Our dissertation aims to answer this paradox between legal reality and economic theory. In the first part of our study, we develop an operational approach of the concept of externality based on the concrete characteristics that represent an impediment to individual cooperation and thus to the application of property rights. This method allows us to compare the efficiency of public regulation and civil liability and to reach a clear-cut conclusion: in the most complex situations, neither regulation nor liability is able to encourage socially desirable care and to ensure complete compensation for victims at the same time. In these situations, joint use of both legal instruments might be superior to regulation or liability alone because it enables each instrument to overcome the inefficiencies of the other, through interactions and informational transfers occurring between judges and regulators. In the second part, we test our theory in the French case. To observe the existence of institutional interactions between judges and regulators, we create a unique dataset gathering the whole litigations on environmental accidents from cases adjudicated by the Court of Cassation since 1956. Our econometric results show that joint use of regulation and liability emerged to promote economic efficiency of the legal system
Joly, Nicolas. "Les territoires renouvelés de l'après-charbon : loisirs et cadre de vie dans le Nord - Pas-de-Calais." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50377-2001-15-1.pdf.
Full textHerbelin, Alice. "Ecologie territoriale et trajectoires de transitions : le cas du Rhône-Médian." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH026/document.
Full textTerritorial ecology is a research field which proposes to analyse the functioning of a territory under the perspective of the flows of matter and energy which passes by and characterize it. This analysis is particularly led through the concept of territorial metabolism. Through this lens, flows are considered in their material dimension but also under the light of the actor systems and of the political and socio-economic issues which influence them. Thus, territorial ecology tends to underline socio-ecological transition levers on the scale of territories.This thesis proposes to test these concepts through a field study in the mid Rhône valley. Looking back to the end of the 18th century, the research firstly underlines how a socio-ecological regime is progressively set around the industry sector and the heavy infrastructures at the scale of the territory. Then, the thesis describes how this regime gets materialized into today’s metabolism through the analysis of four different kinds of flows (energy, water, toxic elements, food). This metabolism is described as intensive and toxic – according to the level of intensity and toxicity of the flows at stake – as well as absorbing – in the way it deals with other territories’ metabolic functions (waste management, food production). These properties of the Rhône-Médian’s metabolism implicate limited capacity for local actors (inhabitants, public actors, farmers) to act towards the reduction or the transformation of these flows. However, within a context of change in production systems and of residentialisation, several local initiatives emerge. Through this process, local actors gain a better understanding and better capabilities to act on the flows of energy and matter in order to engage with sustainable territorial development. These local initiatives lead to several forms of reassessment of existing power relationships but the industrial socio-ecological regime remains, partly because some lock-ins which structure and self-sustain this regime are not questioned