Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Économie et politique – Taïwan'
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Le, Quellec Erwan. "Four essays in political economy : civil wars, democratic regression, taiwanese economic and political preferences." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0467.
This thesis falls in the field of political economy and consists of four essays addressing different research questions in this area. The first two chapters ADOPT a macroeconomic perspective. The first chapter examines the impact of interstate rivalries on the occurrence of civil wars, distinguishing between the effects of direct and indirect rivals and demonstrating their respective importance in explaining these conflicts. The second chapter looks at the process of democratic regression, the regime changes opposite to democratization, leading to less democratic or more autocratic situations. After providing a broad historical account of the dynamics and forms of democratic regression around the world, we propose a new approach to identify and classify these democratic regressions. In Chapters 3 and 4, our analysis focuses on the economic and political preferences of the Taiwanese population at the micro level. In Chapter 3, we study the demand for populism in Taiwan in relation to individual preferences regarding Taiwan's political status relative to mainland China. Our aim is to assess the potential influence of these preferences on the development of populist attitudes and to identify those that have the greatest effect. In the fourth chapter, we examine neoliberal beliefs and political preferences among the Taiwanese middle class. We investigate whether middle-class membership is a predictor of neoliberal attitudes, and whether these economic preferences are homogeneous within the Taiwanese middle class
Liu, Chun-Ya. "Régimes politiques, développement économique et croissance urbaine de Taiwan." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H015.
This thesis provides a macro-regional reading of the urbanization process in Taiwan since its origins, over a period or four centuries. The characteristics or city growth arc captured in relation to the development strategies of the various regimes on the island. The method intersects a historical approach with geographic information techniques (QGIS software) to spatialize historical processes. The Taiwanese territory has been essentially dominated by exogenous or colonial powers, while al the same time being the support of intense ethnic mixing, notably by the influx of migrants from the Chinese mainland. Taiwan's economic and urban development has thus found itself at the interface of Western and Eastern spatial strategies of domination. The Western powers developed port cities as part of a colonial strategy embedded in world trade, while the Eastern countries pursued a more continental strategy. The country's capital, Taipei, experienced a less pronounced process or urban primacy than its East Asian counterparts. This betrays a more balanced urban growth, concentrated however in the western part of the island, along a north-south continental transport axis linking two major port hubs. The thesis shows that Taiwan met the criteria or a "developmental state" (Johnson, 1982) productivist strategy during the authoritarian period of the KMT, but that this is no longer the case in the democratic era due to the weakening of the economic pilot agency and the relocation of a large part of the Taiwanese industrial apparatus to China
Helmer, Étienne. "Économie et politique chez Platon." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010625.
Tsai, Fang-Fei. "L' assimilation ethnique et le pluralisme linguistique de Taïwan : comparaison avec Singapour." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10018.
Tricaud, Clémence. "Essais en économie politique et publique." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX019.
This dissertation lies at the intersection of Political Economy and Public Economics. It combines quasi-experimental designs with administrative data to understand the determinants and consequences of citizen and policymaker behavior.The first two chapters, in collaboration with Vincent Pons, study the behavior of voters in elections. In Chapter 1, we assess the extent to which voters behave expressively or strategically and the consequences it has on electoral results. Using a regression discontinuity design (RDD) around the qualification threshold for the runoff of two-round elections in France, we compare electoral results when two or three candidates compete. We find that a third candidate's presence substantially increases participation and reduces the vote share of the top two candidates. Crucially, in about 1/5 of the elections, the presence of a third candidate causes the loss of the candidate among the top two that is ideologically closest to her. Hence, we show that the plurality rule often leads to suboptimal outcomes, because many voters value voting expressively over voting strategically.Chapter 2 investigates which type of information affects voter and candidate behavior, focusing on one specific piece of information: candidate rankings. Building on the data collected for the first project and digitizing electoral results for older elections, we isolate the impact of first-round rankings on second-round outcomes. We use an RDD in French local and parliamentary elections, where up to three or four candidates can qualify for the second round. Results show that arriving marginally first, second, or third in the first round has large effects on a candidate’s likelihood of running and winning in the second round. These results remain strong even when only two candidates qualify (and thus there is no need for coordination), suggesting that the desire to vote for the winner is an important driver of voter behavior.Chapter 3 studies the behavior of policymakers and seeks to understand mayors’ reluctance to cooperate over local public policies. Exploiting a 2010 reform in France that forced non-integrated municipalities to join an intermunicipal community, I assess the causal impact of integration on municipalities that were reluctant to cooperate. I provide new evidence that resistance is driven by local costs of integration: urban municipalities resisted integration to prevent further housing construction, while rural municipalities resisted to avoid losing local public services. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, I first find that municipalities forced to enter a community experienced a large increase in the number of building permits delivered per year. Consistent with NIMBYsm (Not In My BackYard) explaining urban municipalities' resistance, this effect is driven by high-demand and densely built municipalities, where a rise in construction is the most likely to create congestion. Second, exploiting new data on daycare facilities and public libraries, I show that rural municipalities forced to enter a community experienced a decrease in the number of facilities available in their territory. Finally, I find that resisting municipalities benefited from a greater access to public transport and higher fiscal revenues after integration, but that these benefits were not high enough to compensate for the costs of integration
Bacache-Beauvallet, Maya. "Économie politique de l'emploi public." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010035.
Rychen, Frédéric. "Infrastructures et développement économique local." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX24007.
Raybaut, Alain. "Cycles et instabilité : traditions et renouveau dans la théorie des fluctuations économiques." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE0002.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the analysis of persitent instability in modern macrodynamic theory. It rests on a preliminary history of economic thought survey of the early twentieth century's business cycles theories to which recent theoritical revival on the topic refers. On this bais a particular examination of the mainly recent compone nts of this revival is done. Two great approaches are thus distinguished. The first one rests on the self-adjustment properties of market economies. It aims, as monetary or real equilibrium theory. The dynamic is then understood as representative agents' intertemporal choices in response to monetary or real exogenous shocks. The second one, which mainly retains our attention in this thesis, promotes an endogenous notion of macro-economic instability. On this point of view, dynamic method consits of a description with non linear processes of non uniform and out of equilibrium evolution of an economy
Lardic, Sandrine. "L'hystérèse en économie : théorie et mesure." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100019.
In economy, hysteresis is used to describe two phenomena which are really different. In two parts, we present these phenomena and show their fundamentally irreducible nature. The first part deals with the use of hysteresis in economy. Our interest is structured in two chapters. In the first chapter, we characterise hysteresis. The "economic" definition of the phenomenon is reduced to two properties : the dependence on the path and the infinite memory of shocks. In the second chapter, we develop unit root tests strategies as hysteresis tests. Here, the aim is to apply these tests to times series : unemployment rates, exchange rates and stock market indexes. The study of the results show that they are conflicting. What should we then conclude about unit root tests as hysteresis tests if they can't detect unit roots ? we respond to this question in the second part of our work. In the third chapter, we discuss about the power of unit root tests in presence of long memory. We apply some long memory tests and find that a lot of series are well characterised as long memory processes rather than as infinite memory processes. In the last chapter, we discuss again of the definition of hysteresis, but this time from the point of view of scientists. In this domain, hysteresis is characterised by well defined properties, which are very different from these one we have observed in the "economic" definition (first part). We conclude our study by meaning that non-linearity tests (rather than unit root tests) could be the first stage of an hysteresis test strategy
Liu, Ta-Ho. "La politique de la sécurité sociale du Parti démocrate progressiste à Taiwan." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0051.
Kumakura, Takaaki. "L'"économie politique" chez Stéphane Mallarmé." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070076.
Contrary to the traditional image of mallarme as a poet sacrificing himself to the aesthetics of his "book", the current study attempts to present and analyze mallarme's no leas important reflexions on society, politics and economics: "political economy" as he himself denominates them. In analyzing, among other things, certain prose of mallarme's last years, one wonders what his thoughts are on money, thoughts which end up as a critique of power. One also wonders what the rapport between the production of the monetary sign (also of the sign in general) and the poetic pratice is
Bellet, Michel. "De l'hérérogénéité à la variété des agents économiques : études industrielles et spatiales." Saint-Etienne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STETT047.
The common feature crossing the works presented in this thesis is concerned with seeling ways to adress agents economic heterogeneity. The two traditions about this question have been very transformed over the past decade. The first one, from the walrasian frame, identifies different agents. These differences are a priori data : endowments, agents list, preferences and technologies. The agents have price knowledge and so they are totally informed. Coordination is based on the neutrality between equilibrium process ("tatonnement" or growth path) and equilibrium itself. Comparative statics is the mean for studying economic change. The second way, from classical tradition, is a theory of macroeconomic regularities or a structural theory, with agegate levels. Agents heterogeneity is supposed solved; there is an agregate or structure heterogeneity. The evolution of the two approachs, focusing on micro-economic foundations, adresses the agents heterogeneity, with its consequences on the definitions of rationality, coordination types, knowledge ans learning process and economic dynamics. With two important dimensions, the industrial one and the spatial one, our thesis is specially directed toward the modifications of the second tradition performed by evolutionary theory : the variety notion is used to provide explanations of heterogeneity, with some ambiguities and news questions
Auberger, Antoine. "Popularité, cycles et politique économique." Paris 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA020024.
Boutaric, Franck. "Une approche du politique : marché et entreprises politiques : portée et limites d'un nouveau paradigme." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10016.
Since the 70's, politists have been inspired by pierre bourdieu's works, and have employed a certain number of his concepts to put them into practice in the domain of political science. All of these notions (market, field, offer, demand, entrepreneur, company and political capital) orientate the train of thought of these politologues and renew the approach of electoral and partisan behaviour. This paradigm of the political market, located at the heart of critical sociology, through its connections with the general economy of practices, proves to be stimulating : it forces a new outlook on political phenomena and also generates discussion about the effects of knowledge but of misreading fact s as well. We expose the latter by showing that the difficulties of the paradigm sometimes oblige our sociologists, in different ways, to define or create new concepts, to clarify the explanatory capacity attributed to economic analogie s linked to the elaboration of new approaches. Consequently, these developments ratify the heuristic limits of the paradigm and illustrate the exhaustion of the ideological and epistemological (circumstances which have borne this cognitive and methodological construction
Bourdeau, Vincent. "L' économie politique républicaine de Léon Walras : philosophie républicaine et économie politique dans la France au XIXe siècle." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA1020.
Daubrée, Cécile. "Marchés parallèles et équilibres économiques." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF10004.
Olivier, Valérie. "Économie et action : le modèle évolutionniste d'apprentissage technologique." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10026.
When A. Smith founded the modern political economics, he asked: "how an economic order could emerge from a multiple individual actions looking for their self-interests? This question stands for the problem of action. Acting means then interacting. Acting is only a beginning. It involves irreversible processes. We can not foresee its results. Its authors are anonymous. These are today the complex properties of action. These properties are not taken into account in the walrasian theory. Now, this failure tends to be reduced through the study of interaction in an uncertain environment. But we find that this attempt is difficult because their approach remain in cognitive conception of action. We propose to adopt a different approach: the "enaction" (F. Varela). In this sense, actions are embedded by their conditions. Learning is a process that does not dissociate resources allocation and creation. This learning concept is proposed by evolutionary economics. We show that his use allows thinking about the complexity of action. This approach allows elaborating a model of co-evolution of market and technological regimes. We show that two forms of learning (adaptative and public) influence sharply the industrial dynamics
Artous, Antoine. "Marx, l'Etat et la politique." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON10030.
The development from the critique of modern politics, which is at the centre of the texts of the young marx. To the critique of political economy is not a sign of marx's "economism". It is above all the product of a rupture with the idealism of the dominant state which makes a literal interpretation of the discourse of the modern state: the state which, for the first time in history, does not appear as the direct domination of one social group. Marx tries to show that this is the adequate political form for "bourgeois-civil society". , for which it is necessary to update our undestanding of its functioning. Hence the passage from the critique of politics in the texts of his youth. Where he sketches a theory of the modern state as a representative state, to the critique of political economy, which also presents modern production as free of all forms of exploitation. For marx the wage relationship is one of exploitation. Even if, like the modern sate, it appears for the time in history, and the property relationship does not present itself, as in precapitalist formations, as a "master servant relationship" as marx expresses it in capital. Despite the numerous difficulties present in the writings of marx and the marxist tradition, we believe that this approach is still relevant as a method of analysis of modern politics, and its differences with forms of power in pre-capitalist societies
Chapelot, Annick. "Ajustements et déséquilibre." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX32016.
Desequilibrium analysis presents the functionning of a decentralized economy where prices are fixed throughout the short period and describes quantity adjustments necessary for transactions to take place. After a presentation of this approach, three critical notes are formulated : the economy described is not a monetary economy; disequilibrium cannot be estimated or does not even exist; explanation of price changes is unsatisfactory. By introducing credit market and financial values, one can remove the first criticism. A stochastic approach enables adjustments to be estimated. Partial price flexibility is studied, too. But excess of rules and regulations does not produce only price rigidity throughout the short period. Quantities inflexibility has therefore to be studied and a price adjustment mechanism to be developped under disequilibrium hypothesis. Because of an arbitration between the two mechanisms, adjustments can take place by turns during the same period while dynamic analysis shows their alternance by period. They can also coexist like in cobweb models or when the economy is characterized by a "contraints-field"
Lenfant, Jean-Sébastien. "La substituabilité dans la théorie de la demande et des prix : généalogie d'un concept." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010018.
Blanc, Frédéric. "Dynamiques spatiales et échanges." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX24005.
Louis-Sidois, Charles. "Trois essais en économie politique." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0019/document.
In the first chapter (« Optimal Vote Buying » coauthored with Leon Musolff, Princeton University), we analyze a vote buying problem. We show that bribing a supermajority can be cheaper due to pivotal considerations. When a large number of committee members receive a bribe, they do not expect to be pivotal in the election. As a result, it is sufficient to offer them a small amount of money in exchange for their vote. Due to this mechanism, it turns out that the vote buyer generally prefers to bribe a supermajority. In the second chapter (« Voting and contributing when the group is watching » coauthored with Emeric Henry, Sciences Po) we study the interaction between the way members vote on rules and their subsequent behaviors. This analysis applies to groups who choose their own rules and who care about their image. We study how players’ considerations depend on the visibility of the process. We show that multiple norms can emerge. We discuss the problem of a social planner and the implications for welfare. The last chapter (« Military service and political participation » coauthored with Etienne Fize) investigates the impact of the French military service on political behaviors. Exploiting the suspension of mandatory conscription for French men, we find a significant and positive impact of military service on turnout. This effect ranges from 3.6 percentage points for the first round of the presidential election of 2012 to 8.9 percentage points for the second round of the legislative elections. We also investigate the impact of conscription on political preferences and we find that former conscripts are significantly more nationalist and conservative
Park, Sun-Song. "Ethique et économie politique : un essai sur Adam Smith." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100037.
This work endeavours to read Smith's work in the way that should be able to give a total and concrete figure of social theories of a Smith, as both a philosopher and a theorist of the society and human nature. By such general reading, the antecedent readings and interpretations of Smith's social thinking would be classified and criticised. For this purpose, were treated two questions: that one of the nature and content of "the theory of moral sentiments" and "an inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations"; that other of the relation between these two works in the frame of Smith's general social ideas. In the history of social thoughts, these questions were named "the Adam Smith problem". Beyond this problem and, also, being desirous of criticising and surpassing smithian economic liberalism of a dualistic character, the author wishes to find a new foundation for the social sciences, on the base of which it is enabled to analyse correctly the "bourgeois" civil society in the practical and critical object, i. E. So as to rediscover the political activities as human social life and to deal with the problem of social justice
Dang, Ai-Thu. "Monnaie, éthique et économie politique : autour de John Locke." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010059.
The aim of this doctoral thesis is, first, to propose an interpretation of Locke's works on money in the light of his political and moral phylosophy. Locke's works, especially his economic writings, can be read as the development of a set of general responses to the question : how exchanges must be organized in the city in order to respect rules of justices and thus to prevent moral and social disorder from happening? Secondly, after examining the political and moral project which underlies Locke's analysis, we compare Locke's theory of private proprety to four contemporaries theories of justice. These theories are founded on a reinterpretation of the "Lockean proviso", which perlits to define the conditions of a just private appropriation. The reinterpretations of the "Lockean proviso" are analysed and we put in evidence the unstable feature of this proviso, which reappears again in the modern debates and reformulations
Mercier-Ythier, Jean. "Equilibre général et don." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989IEPP0012.
Tosi, Élise. "Coordination de l'activité et politique économique." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0011.
The aim of the dissertation is to deal with economic policy, from the point of view of its effects. The method consists in exploring the relationship between coordination and economic policy. In this aim, we build two alternative frameworks of analysis: equilibrium coordination and disequilibrium coordination. The first one defines the coordination related to market clearing in the sense that prices are equilibrium prices. The second one deals with situations where prices are false prices and equilibrium should not be reached. In this case, information is incomplete and the market forces work through time. The first chapter makes an introduction of the topic, through the historical debates between hayek, keynes and robertson. The second chapter shows the relationship between equilibrium coordination and economic policy. The third one explores the disequilibrium approach, whereas the fourth chapter is an application of this twofold lecture on the unemployment problem
Dimaria, Charles-Henri. "Croissance et convergence des économies." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020041.
Manrique, Nelson. "Economie et pouvoir : circuits marchands et accumulation regionale, les hautes provinces d'arequipa perou, xviiie-xxe siecles." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0062.
This study reconstructs the historical process of the constitution of a regional circuit of accumulation in the southern andes. A long run view of the highland provinces of arequipa department, peru, between the eighth and twentieth centuries, constitutes the unit of analysis. Although the theme of merchant circuits in the southern andes has been studied previously by other authors, this study alters the usual perspective, by adopting the point of view of rural folk, whether colonos in haciendas, members of peasant communities, or inhabitants of small highland towns. This study stresses these marginal spaces as vantage points from where to determine a series of processes, including the impact of macroeconomic transformations resulting from the world capitalist system on the everyday lives of people, the emergence of new social sectors (the mistis), the disappearance of some of the traditional social strata (the curacas) and the redefinition of the role of others (merchants), as well as the consolidation of power structures which dominate the region well into the twentieth century. This study uses oral history widely, in an attempt to approximate the popular peasant indigenous imaginaire: the costums, myths and legends through which individuals work out their circumstances and set out good and bad, right from wrong, and draw strength to face adversity, make sense of their existence, adapt to their living conditions or struggle to change them. Furthermore, i attempt to re-evalue certain aspects of the andean reality which have been over-estimated. This is the case, for example, of sugarcane alcohol, coca leaves and alfalfa which cemented other exchange networks, of no relevance from the point of view of merchant capital linked to british capitalism (wool), but vital from the perspective of peasant economies and the life strategies of peasant family units to whom this study pays particular attention
Rouge-Pullon, Cyrille. "Justice sociale et efficacité économique : John Rawls et l'économie politique." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100135.
Loureiro, Dias Camila. "L’Amazonie avant Pombal : politique, économie, territoire." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0087.
This thesis describes the internal indigenous slave trade in the American territories defined today as the Amazon, from the beginning of its development in the seventeenth century until its decline in the 1750s - during the government of the Portuguese minister Marquis of Pombal. The description of this slave trade from different angles allows us to emerge several aspects of the colonial's society and territorial construction in this region, yet little-known by historians
Dubois, Nicolas. "Des conséquences de l'ouverture et de la concurrence imparfaite sur les relations entre croissance et infrastructures publiques." Lille 1, 2004. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0697d7fa-01a6-4e9b-9614-f5fca2cc85f0.
Dupont-Kieffer, Ariane. "Ragnar Frisch et l'économétrie : l'invention de modèles et d'instruments à des fins normatives." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010025.
Lagnel, Olivier. "L'attractivité des territoires : théorie et politiques." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100030.
Since 1992, with creation of the foreign prospector network (ifa) by datar and the delegation aux investissements internationaux (ministere de l'economie), foreign direct investment attraction clearly became an aim of french industrial policy. Actually, france's + attractivity ; was becoming a stake economic theory had to take into account in order to give a better definition of the rationality of public policies which are conducted in its name. This work has a double purpose. At a theoretical level, it deals with filling the emptiness around the empirical notion of + attractivity ; replacing the thesis into the core of spatial economics theories, in one hand, and into foreign direct investment theories, in other hand. Analysis ends up in a dialectical conception between firms strategy evolution and the answer of nations to these changes. Territory's + attractivity ; seems to be the result of collation between firms location characteristics demand and territorial characteristics supply partly defined by public authorities. The second purpose is a practical one. It consists in specifying rationality of public authorities interventions in the determination of territorial characteristics supply. In the globalization context. General economic environment policy seems to be imperative as a necessary condition to + attractivity ; of the national territory and of his under-territories. However, this policy is not sufficient and must be completed with a more specific +attractivity; policy jointed according three main lines: an action on supply quality (infrastructure policy) and on supplied characteristics price (bidding policy) and on imperfect information that characterizes the international investment location market (promotion policy). Applied to the french case, the analysis shows the strength and the weakness of the french foreign investment promotion system and drives us to plead, on base of a location model, in favor of a better defined sectoral targets that are the fundamental aims of the + attractivity policy
Jouvet, Pierre-André. "Equité, efficacité et stabilité des firmes autogérées." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX24006.
Abcha, Ali. "Équilibres multiples, concurrence imparfaite et politiques publiques." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100061.
This thesis focuses on the literature on coordination failures that can occur in the presence of increasing returns in economies with imperfect competition type monopolistic. We will also focus on the non-optimality of the equilibria. Then we are led to study the implementation of economic policy. In fact, public policies can change the number of equilibria in an endogenous growth model. In this thesis, we show that in a growth model with monopolistic competition the existence of externalities not internalized by the agents can result in a multiplicity of equilibria. Government intervention in the economy can have an impact on this multiplicity by the management of externalities and adverse effects of imperfect competition. However inefficient public intervention can make the economy converge to a suboptimal equilibrium. To this end, our theoretical modeling is to develop a macroeconomic model for a closed economy that has a perfectly competitive sector of final goods and a sector of monopolistically competitive intermediate goods. We simulate the model to identify the effects of a public policy. Finally, in an econometric application, we estimate the impact of public spending on the mark-up and the level of competition
Perrin, Pierre. "Territoires et diffusion des règles sociales : vers une théorie de la coexistence et de la convergence institutionnelles." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32022.
An issue at stake in institutional competition between territories is to determine to what it leads: institutional standardization or diversity?Several models answer to this question. However, their fundamental assumptions lead to ignore some important characteristics of the diffusion process. This work tries to remedy to this limit. Through an analysis of proximity into social networks, this work shows that rules transform when they spread within territories. Secondly, when the identity of territories is perceived as a set of interdependent rules, the dissertation explains how the differentiation of rules that spreads, aims at making them consistent with the institutions of the different territories. Then, the diffusion of an institution does not lead to an institutional and territorial standardization. This process induces the persistence of institutional competition between territories
Crozet, Matthieu. "Mobilité du capital humain : localisation des activités et convergence des espaces européens." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010055.
Deisting, Florent. "Convergence réelle et nominale entre les pays du sud et de l'est de la Méditerranée et les pays du sud de l'Union européenne." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU2017.
For several decades the MENA's Countries engaged in processes of transformation which were concretized by the implementation of many action plans (plane of adjustment structural,. . . ). Even if all these countries did not reach the same level of advance in the reforms, one awaits these policies which they support the process of growth and economic development. These reformes accompanied a more general movement by liberalization of the economies to the international level. From this point of view the MENA did not make exception. On the one hand, as of the years 1950, the first South-South agreements were born ; in addition the Euro-Mediterranean partnership, or agreements today are rather well encircled. It is initially a question of increasing the size of the markets, to profit from economies of scale. In second place, the diversification of the commercial exchanges by the suppression of the tariffs in the regional agreement (trade intra-connects). Lastly it is a question of operating a process of stabilization monetary, essential condition with a sustainable development of the countries. From this point of view, the objective of this work will be to analyze thoroughly the economic phenomenon of convergence of the MENA and to deduce some from the political reform proposals, economically effective but also socially acceptable, so that the least advenced countries can make a movement of correction. To treat these dynamic ones, one will initially retain a panel of 16 countries, representative of widened a Mediterranean zone
Uctum, Ugur Remzi. "Aspects internationaux d'une économie en déséquilibre : fondements théoriques et applications économétriques : France 1963-1984." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100032.
The main theoretical idea of this research is to introduce disequilibrium situations in a mundell-fleming type open economy model. The economy is compound, on the one hand, of the goods and labour markets with sticky prices in the short run. These markets are subject to quan titative rationings, and therefore produce spill-over effects on the other markets. On the other hand, the model contains the stock market and the balance of paiements that are always in equilibrium. A stochas tic specification is chosen for the effective demands and supplies of goods and labour. The parameters of the disequilibrium model are then estimated using a non-linear iterative optimisation procedure based on maximum likelihood method and the occurence probalities of the random regimes are computed (quarterly french data, period 1963-1984). A rationing on a market leads to three types of repercussions : intramarket restrictive effects, spill-over effects between markets and gross compensation effects with foreign markets. The results of various economic policies are studied. The computation of the occurence probabilities of the regimes shows some persistence of the classical un employment regime over the 1976-84 period in the industrial sector
Mesplé-Somps, Sandrine. "Biens publics de production et équilibre général : e analyse de chocs de dépenses publiques en économie ouverte sous ajustement." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010068.
The aim of the thesis is to examine how the macroeconomics models of stabilization are modified when public expenditures are supposed to be public intermediate goods. The existence of a general equilibrium and the haberler and rybczynski theorems are verified in a Ricaro-Viner-Jones model with a public intermediate good. This first investigation allows to analyze the impacts of public expenditures variations within the framework of the model of a dependent economy. We show that the standard conclusions of this model are not robust. The findings of the monetary approach of the balance of payments are also modified. The indirect impacts of public expenditures variations are more complex when the hypothesis of unemployment is introduced. This analysis allows to understand better the impacts of the international aid and to improves the Harris-Todaro model
Paul, Thierry. "Migration intersectorielle et politique gouvernementale." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX24015.
This thesis addresses two issues relevant to the transition from a protected trade regime to a more liberalised one. First, in which circumstances should an immediate 'big bang' be preferred to a gradual liberalisation ? second, what is the impact of collective bargaining on government policy during the transition period ? following a brief introduction, chapter 1 reviews some models which address issues concerning the phasing of government policy in the trade literature. In chapter 2, i study the dynamics of optimal trade policy in a model with costly intersectoral adjustment of labour where migrants pay less than the marginal social cost of migration. If the government is able to commit itself to future policy the optimal trajectory involves phasing in and then phasing out protection of the declining sector. Without the ability to make commitments, the equilibrium policy begins with and maintains free trade. In chapter 3, i introduce unemployment in the migration process and assume that there is congestion in the abour market. In this framework, my numerical simulations show that gradualism is always optimal whatever the ability to make binding commitments. Chapter 4 studies the interactions between a declining unionised industry and government policy. Unemployed workers can remain in the unionised sector, hoping that they will get job there later, or incur a search cost and look for a job in the competitive sector. I find that the incentives for the industry to behave strategically in reaching inefficient contracts and raising wages are bounded by the fact that the government cannot fully undo the effects of high wages even when the subsidy is financed by lump sum taxes. Finally, chapter 5 summarises the main findings of this dissertation and makes suggestions for future research
Meddeb, Moncef. "Equilibre général et ensembles de production non convexes : tarification non linéaire, infinité de biens et externalité de réseau." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010012.
Chahine, Salim. "Liquidité informationnelle, valeur et politiques informationnelles des sociétés cotées sur le marché de Paris." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX32009.
The introduction of informational asymetry in the exchange process justify the apparition of "non perfect competition phenomena" which reflects the existence of strategic behavior among investors. In this case, informational asymetry leads to a cost equivalent to the lack of "informational liquidity" which effects on welfare constitute a new constraint to the optimization process of informational policies and to the stocks valuation. In fact, proofs related to the existence of a link between the information and the level of liquidity bring us to define the reasons why the firms disclose informations. Thus, beyond the organisational transparency of financial markets, firms might manage the informational gap (the cost of informational illiquidity) using their practice of disclosure (legal obligations and facultative informations). The investigation realized over fifty listed firms in the french stock market allows us to detect the existence of five informational practices. Computing the informational liquidity of each of questionned firms, we can first and foremost, verify the hypothesis supposing that this measure is an increasing level of information. Secondly, according to the principle which says that informational policy effciency could be measured by the comparaison of value improvement to the used budget, we conclude that only one of the five informational groups is more efficient and well use his informational budget. Contrary to known ideas, the more informationaly liquid group does not necessarly optimize the welfare of investors
Ferrer, Christine. "Stratégies de localisation et concentration spatiales : une application aux investissements directs étrangers en Europe." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA01A001.
Hajoub, Ahmed. "Les Systèmes de demande statiques et dynamiques : étude théorique et empirique." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOE003.
The main objective of this thesis is to integrate the effects of habits into the A. I. D. S. (almost demand system), rotterdam and c. B. S. (netherlands central bureau of statistics) models. In the first stage, this study presents the consumer's behaviour analysis outline and demand functions wich follow from it, then principal demand systems that exist in the litterature. When analyzing demand systems in the context of static theory, we have seen how, by using relations between parameters of A. I. D. S. And rotterdam models, we come to a third parametrization called c. B. S. Model. In the second stage, we give a dynamic formulation to the a. I. D. S model and from mentioned relations, we propose the dynamic version of rotterdam and c. B. S. Models. At last, we apply this three models, statics and dynamics, specified in level and finite differences, to french consumption's data for the period 1959-1987
Groyer, Sébastien. "Capitalisme et économie de marché." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010515/document.
Ever since they have been conceptually created in the middle of the 19 century, capitalism and market economy have been intertwined. Nevertheless, an accurate study of the definition of capitalism by the most eminent writers such as Marx, Weber, Schumpeter or Braudel, proves the existence of a wide array of definition, which tends to demonstrate a c1ear divergence between capitalism and market economy. Capitalism is therefore re-evaluated and redefined by the market power of shareholders, endured by employees as well as customers, yet socially accepted. Market economy is redefined by the freedom of enterprise as well as choice. Separating capitalism from market economy with these new definitions induces a new criticism of power and its abuse in the name of freedom, which sever capitalism from its traditional defense rhetoric.The notion of competition shifts from capitalism to market economy. Cooperation is added to the market economy, creating a goal of balance of powers rather than perfection as it was suggested by the neoclassical economies. Inscribed al the heart of the company, cooperation opens up a greater customer satisfaction, complementing competition. Corporate governance of a capitalist company, focused on the shareholders' interests, must evolve into balanced corporate governance, enabling compromises stemming from the divergent but legitimate interests of customers, employees, and shareholders. A new market economy with a clear balance of powers, shared between competition and cooperation, comes forth as the liberal, non-State solution to solving the capitalist power
Angaoui, Moulay Ahmed. "Monnaie et efficacité dans les développements récents de la théorie de l'équilibre général." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE0003.
Our work is a critical study devoted to the relation between money and market efficiency which is an important concern of some recent developments of general equilibrium theory. Specifically, we examine models built in the idea to get away from arrow-debreu scheme by incorporating frictions such as transaction costs, "double infinity", incertainty ant the "double coincidance" problem. We show that those models do not establish a robust and unambigu link between money and efficiency
Guetat, Imène. "La convergence au sein de la zone MENA : analyses théoriques et études empiriques." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010034.
Leloup, Jean-Tristan. "L'esprit du libéralisme : au principe d'une économie théologique et politique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAK011.
Catholicism and Liberalism have historically been subject to controversial debate. It’s a matter of fact that these two notions are considered as very different, if not opposed, in most people’s mind. However, this kind of antagonism can be explained by the basic confusion made about the liberal doctrine itself, actually opened to various understandings and that hence to an unrealistic scrutiny. In our opinion, liberalism can be understood as different levels of meanings. The main goal of our work is precisely to define a commune feature between these different opinions by adopting a specific “spirit” that fits with all of these interpretations. This thesis aims to get a better approch, in definig liberalism in generalas the result of a conception that came up in christian countries. In a first step, we have to relate the interlacing of theological, philosophic and economic ideas and their role in the constitution of Liberalism/ how they played a role in the constitution of Liberalism. In addition, it’s a question of putting the light on the dependence of Liberalism towards a concept, “être-personne-en-relation” that is fertilizing the philosophic and economic doctrine
Gafouri, Ala'a. "Islam et économie : réflexions sur les principes fondamentaux de l'économie islamique." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010506.