Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Économie de marché – Congrès'
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Groyer, Sébastien. "Capitalisme et économie de marché." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010515/document.
Full textEver since they have been conceptually created in the middle of the 19 century, capitalism and market economy have been intertwined. Nevertheless, an accurate study of the definition of capitalism by the most eminent writers such as Marx, Weber, Schumpeter or Braudel, proves the existence of a wide array of definition, which tends to demonstrate a c1ear divergence between capitalism and market economy. Capitalism is therefore re-evaluated and redefined by the market power of shareholders, endured by employees as well as customers, yet socially accepted. Market economy is redefined by the freedom of enterprise as well as choice. Separating capitalism from market economy with these new definitions induces a new criticism of power and its abuse in the name of freedom, which sever capitalism from its traditional defense rhetoric.The notion of competition shifts from capitalism to market economy. Cooperation is added to the market economy, creating a goal of balance of powers rather than perfection as it was suggested by the neoclassical economies. Inscribed al the heart of the company, cooperation opens up a greater customer satisfaction, complementing competition. Corporate governance of a capitalist company, focused on the shareholders' interests, must evolve into balanced corporate governance, enabling compromises stemming from the divergent but legitimate interests of customers, employees, and shareholders. A new market economy with a clear balance of powers, shared between competition and cooperation, comes forth as the liberal, non-State solution to solving the capitalist power
Morand, Pascal. "Rationalité limitée et économie de marché." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUEL054.
Full textThis work aim at analysing the decision processes in a market economy, when economic agents have to face incertainty and complexity. Once the principal of bounded rationality is studied, it focused on search, learning and simplifying procedures. In a second time, the work lays stress on the implication of these decision processes on market functioning. The thesis deals then with price dispersion phenomenon - as a sign of ignorance on a market - and the way it was tackled by the economic science. It examines next the adjustment processes following a market internal desequilibrium and at last the turbulency phenomenon induced by interactions between crisis and adjustment mechanisms
Pochet, Buttin Christine. "Le fonctionnement réel du marché du travail." Paris 9, 1986. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1986PA090012.
Full textHow does the labor market actually works ? The labor market is nowadays characterized by a high rigidity of wages, which decrease very little even when the supply of labor is high. Thus, this renewed study of the labor market will mainly rely on the analysis of quantity adjustments. First, the concept of labor market is abandonned and the concept of qualification market is ontroduced. Labor is no longer considered as a homogeneous factor, as in the classical theory. This work will demonstrate that qualified labor is exchanged on the labor market i. E labor which is characterized by skills required for a job or mastered by an applicant. This market place will be called the qualification market. Then, this work will analyse how the qualification market actually works. A short-term attitude of business firms will be to take advantage of the flexibility of every employee's qualification (by in-house training) to fit the requirements of production. This phenomenom is particularly obvious at the level of local labor markets. In the long run, technical innovations and the differential development of
Duteil, Gilles. "Liquidité et marché boursier : un critère de segmentation du marché des actions." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX32005.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to point out, by means of an historical and institutional analysis, that there is no solid base for the existence of several equity markets and to show how liquidity can be used as a criterion to differenciate stocks. In the ist section, the study of american markets enables a caracterisation of several fundamental elements in management theory. The differences in logic and in terms of the segmentation of markets can essentially be explained by the various historical, social, political and cultural traditions of the countnes studied. The theoritical approach to the microstructure of markets permits the extraction of the essential constituents from the institutional observation in order to then integrate the friction associated with the market structures in the analysis and modelling of the global conditions for efficiency in equity markets. The factors relative to the liquidity of markets are primordial to the institutional approaches, and mase of the microstructure of markets. These are analysed in the 2nd section of the thesis. Chapter 1 contains a survey of the american literature relevant to liquidity. The 2nd chapter of the 2nd section is devoted to the empirical application of the measure. .
Arnaud-Joufray, Enrick. "Économie dans les marchés digitaux : Essais théoriques et empiriques en économie industrielle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAT044.
Full textIn this thesis, we study several economic issues in digital markets. We first analyze firms’ incentives to produce differentiated services in advertising-funded markets, how these incentives differ from more traditional markets, and how mergers affect those incentives. Second, we study whether more demanding disclosure policies with respect to online recommendations can help individual decision makers make better informed decisions. These form the two first chapters of the thesis. The third chapter of this thesis is devoted to the analysis of mobile telecommunication markets. We study empirically how providing access to an entrant affects an incumbent pricing strategy in the retail market. We also discuss how patterns of competition in the retail market shape competition in the input market
Salinas, Hugo. "Répartition égalitaire des revenus en économie de marché." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002198480204611&vid=upec.
Full textWould the egalitarian distribution of income work in the market economy? The response is affirmative. We are in measure to erase the economic inequalities such as poverty and unemployment. This ensues from the fact that the economic activity is composed of two elements, the labor process and the economic decision. Through the first, the labor force creates wealth; through the second, society determines the way to distribute and manage it. There are two kinds of economic decisions: private and social. The latter, is the one that favors the obliteration of economic inequalities, it's built upon two stages. The first is composed on the basic income (egalitarian distribution of incomes) and the remuneration for activity. The second concern the collective management of economic funds. This one is exclusively managed by enterprises that are within the norms of the market economy whose sole ownership is the society. The profits and loss of the enterprises are the profits and loss of the society
Gamp, Jan-Philip. "Jeux coopératifs et leur relation de marché." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010015.
Full textChapier-Granier, Nadège. "Les aéroports commerciaux entre économie administrée et économie de marché : aspects juridiques d'une mutation." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40005.
Full textBigot, de Morogues Francis. "Sur les jeux stratégiques de marché." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX24010.
Full textBounjoua, Omar. "Le contrôle des entreprises publiques en économie de marché." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010079.
Full textMiranda, Mendoza Ileana. "L' économie du patrimoine écrit : le marché des autographes." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010078.
Full textBelmenouar, Safia. "Esthétique et économie, art photographique et marché depuis 1980." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080010.
Full textThe evolution of the aesthetic and economic value of a photographic print has been set up by a temporality, which takes 1980s as a starting point for the research. Our aim is to emphasize historical aspects as well as economical, aesthetic and theoretical ones, which have made structuring of a photography art market possible which has become a place of approval and legitimization. Photography has acquired a new status and is considered as a work of art. To what extent the medium can be qualified as an artwork and what are its new modes of existence in a newly structured and mutating market?Thinking “the value”, its definition and its determination in the case of the photographic work has been at the heart of the research. The value has been considered under two aspects linked together in a mutually dependent relationship: aesthetic and economic value. Hence the issue: what are the basis for setting up the aesthetic and economic value of photographic works on the art market?The issue is then to enlighten an artistic reality made of multiple “crossed strategies”, real as well as symbolical, which contribute to the constitution of an aesthetic of photographic art in connection with the art market. And thus, to an ongoing adjustment of a scale of values driven by both uncertainty of aesthetic values and the obligations of the market stake
Belmenouar, Safia. "Esthétique et économie, art photographique et marché depuis 1980." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080010.
Full textThe evolution of the aesthetic and economic value of a photographic print has been set up by a temporality, which takes 1980s as a starting point for the research. Our aim is to emphasize historical aspects as well as economical, aesthetic and theoretical ones, which have made structuring of a photography art market possible which has become a place of approval and legitimization. Photography has acquired a new status and is considered as a work of art. To what extent the medium can be qualified as an artwork and what are its new modes of existence in a newly structured and mutating market?Thinking “the value”, its definition and its determination in the case of the photographic work has been at the heart of the research. The value has been considered under two aspects linked together in a mutually dependent relationship: aesthetic and economic value. Hence the issue: what are the basis for setting up the aesthetic and economic value of photographic works on the art market?The issue is then to enlighten an artistic reality made of multiple “crossed strategies”, real as well as symbolical, which contribute to the constitution of an aesthetic of photographic art in connection with the art market. And thus, to an ongoing adjustment of a scale of values driven by both uncertainty of aesthetic values and the obligations of the market stake
Clays, Jérôme. ""Le monde n'est qu'un vaste marché". . . Mais encore ? : le marché comme objet scientifique : derniers développements, le marché comme représentation sociale : premières pistes." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0008.
Full textPlassard, Jean-Michel. "Information imparfaite et discrimination sur le marché du travail." Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10069.
Full textThe aim of this study is to develop a reflexion on the labour market. The approach is theoretical concerning guidance, the considered problematics is market off from a traditional scheme of the discrimination which aimed at previleging an exogenous interpretation of the phenomenon. The statistical discrimination depends on the theory of information. It is based upon a rational behaviour of the employers who are in a state of doubt regarding the economic features of the potential workers. The appeal to variables which are easily observable as sex, race and diplomas may reduce this doubt in a cheap manner. The analysis of discrimination is made by studying the consequences of the employers' behaviours under much diversified theories
Kovar, Jean-Philippe. "L'Etat et les modes d'organisation du marché." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR30013.
Full textThe choice of a market economy with free competition deeply changed relations between the state and the market. If the state can help, encourage, gift support to the economic operators in accordance with competition regulation, it usually gives up substituting itself for the market mechanisms and private firms. Guarantor for the general interest, the state nevertheless retains significant responsibility in the organization of the market. It must ensure the smooth running of the market and the practice of a workable competition while guarantying the respect for the essential demands of the community. The study of the state and the ways of market organization, which reveals the multi-faceted and protean relations the market to the general interest, leads to wonder about the conception and the place of state in a market economy
Krecké, Carine. "Le rôle du processus de marché dans l'évolution économique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX32028.
Full textModeling of intertemporal market processes has been the central issue of the present research. More precisely, our purpose was to investigate into the decentralized market forces able to generate a coordination process in an evolutionary world. The explicit introduction of "real" time passage allowed us to stress the informational problems which exist in disequilibrium markets. The possibility of convergence to a predetermined equilibrium state seems to be remote in a world of endogeneous uncertainty. This, however, should not lead us to the conclusion that markets cannot deal with coordination problems. Thus, we showed that ignorance and uncertainty, far from impeding intertemporal coordination, appear as a necessary (though not sufficiant) condition for a process to result in an equilibrium. Finally, the predominance of coordinating processes in a market (composed by disequilibrating as well as by equilibrating forces) depend in a fundamental way on the institutional environment
Vigouroux, Isabelle. "Asymétries informationnelles et marché politique." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010034.
Full textOn political market, information is a key element to understand the strategies of the actors. During political campaigns, the candidates commit to honor their promises in electoral platforms and, when they are elected, they choose informational strategies to implement public policies they prefer. These two cases correspond respectively to a situation of selection adverse and hasard moral. Politicians benefit from a + natural ; informational rent which they can reinforce through informational strategies, during electoral campaigns and during a mandate. At the stage of the selection of the representatives, the electorate don't know the ideological preferences and the sincerity of the candidates. It corresponds respectively to an horizontal quality and a vertical one. We show that signalling mechanism inform citizens in an imperfect way. During a mandate, political ambiguity is a dominant strategy to implement public policies, in the purpose to conceal some private components of their utility function. In other words, as we show it in the first part of the thesis, a selection bias appear at the time of elections and a political bias appear during a mandate. In the second part, we question the conditions of a democratic control on political market. During political campaigns, citizens can filter the candidates' lying strategies as soon as they base their electoral decision on informational shortcuts, like ideology, and not on ambiguous and not credible promises. It is not rational to be ignorant, it is rational to be informed at the lower cost. In other words, citizens don't react in a mechanic way to the informational strategies in a context of selection adverse. Despite of this, the good selection ex ante doesn't guarantee the lack of shirking behavior ex post. Now, we show that there exist monitoring mechanisms with hasard moral : retrospective voting and political parties. On a temporal infinite horizon, elections form an efficient incentive, for the political leaders, to respond to the wishes of the citizens. Finally, a democratic control appears on political market, despite of the informational asymmetries, only if checks and balances and informational relay permit respectively to inform the electorate when the political decision makers shirk -mass media-, and to reveal electorate's preferences to the political leaders -collective actions
Bras, Bénédicte. "La Poste entre le service public et le marché : le cas de la distribution." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100068.
Full textThe postal market evolution leads to a process of deregulation by reason of national monopoly review and competition rules application. The external environment transformation was accompanied by the creation of a new regulation: the change of the post office status. This old administration, which turned a nationalized company, seems to be into a heterogeneous organization. The hybrid nature of the post office status is analyzed in this thesis: the new rules and the new game of this organization have been described. The new regulation understanding is based on the case of the delivery of letters. This economic thesis includes not only a sociological proceeding but also a juridical and historical analysis of the organization
Chahine, Salim. "Liquidité informationnelle, valeur et politiques informationnelles des sociétés cotées sur le marché de Paris." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX32009.
Full textThe introduction of informational asymetry in the exchange process justify the apparition of "non perfect competition phenomena" which reflects the existence of strategic behavior among investors. In this case, informational asymetry leads to a cost equivalent to the lack of "informational liquidity" which effects on welfare constitute a new constraint to the optimization process of informational policies and to the stocks valuation. In fact, proofs related to the existence of a link between the information and the level of liquidity bring us to define the reasons why the firms disclose informations. Thus, beyond the organisational transparency of financial markets, firms might manage the informational gap (the cost of informational illiquidity) using their practice of disclosure (legal obligations and facultative informations). The investigation realized over fifty listed firms in the french stock market allows us to detect the existence of five informational practices. Computing the informational liquidity of each of questionned firms, we can first and foremost, verify the hypothesis supposing that this measure is an increasing level of information. Secondly, according to the principle which says that informational policy effciency could be measured by the comparaison of value improvement to the used budget, we conclude that only one of the five informational groups is more efficient and well use his informational budget. Contrary to known ideas, the more informationaly liquid group does not necessarly optimize the welfare of investors
Gontier, Patricia. "Passage d'une régulation pénurique à une régulation marchande : approche microéconomique des problèmes de transformation : l'exemple de la Pologne et de de la Hongrie." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX2A006.
Full textDesreumaux, Vincent. "La justice sociale et le marché : essai sur l’économie du bien-être parétienne." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL12019.
Full textThis study deals with the paretian theories of welfare economics and social justice, which develop through the 20th century. We seek to explain the emergence of this field, represented by works such as Bergson’s, Samuelson’s and Arrow’s on the individualistic social welfare function, Hicks’, Kaldor’s and Scitovsky’s on compensation criteria, Pazner and Schmeidler on the egalitarian-equivalent criterion or Kolm’s and Varian’s on the envy-freeness criterion. We show that the neoclassical welfare theory is prompted, often in an implicit manner, by a project of political philosophy, which is understood as an alternative to previous theories in this area such as classical utilitarianism and social contract theory. This project is based on the idea that the market constitutes the best way to solve questions of collective choice. In substance, a society of homo œconomicus is – or could be – efficient and equitable. This line of interpretation permits us to make sense of the repeated attempt to introduce, in the Walras-Pareto general equilibrium analytical framework, a theory of social justice, compatible with the individualistic ethic underlying this framework. We also show the ethical limits of this attempt: by renouncing to substantial justifications offered by utilitarianism and social contract theory, the paretian theory of welfare and social justice seems to lack a truly convincing philosophical foundation. Its ethical justification appears weak, in particular concerning the articulation between individual judgements and collective justice criteria
Lavialle, Christophe. "La formation des grandeurs économiques : de l'ajustement hors équilibre à une approche monétaire." Orléans, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ORLE0501.
Full textStarting from the difficulties encountered by the "standard" model, the walrasian general equilibrium one, which characterizes the real analysis, in establishing a coherent answer to the question of the formation of economic magnitudes, the thesis aims at reinforcing the legitimacy of monetary analysis, in reducing the importance of the paradigmatic character of the fundamental division real analysis (theory of value) monetary analysis. To this end, we try to demonstrate the existence of a closeness in the two domains the treatment of exchange processes and the one of money are, between the attempts to improve the standard model and the works relying on the monetary analysis. Thus, the presupposition of money can appear as a requirement to resolve the difficulties encountered by the standard model, and then more as a result than as a postulate with no other legitimacy than to be a plain alternative to the nomenclature postulate, which founds real analysis. The objective of monetary theory, conceived now as an essential step in the understanding of the process of the formation of society, can be then redefined : to base a general undestranding of the conditions of monetary creation
Jean, Sébastien. "Commerce international et marché du travail." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010041.
Full textZuanon, Magali. "Les incidences de la liquidité imparfaite sur le marché des actions : réflexions et validations sur le marché français." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090071.
Full textSosthe, Franck. "Marchés et production : une perspective classique." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE0017.
Full textThe prupose of this research is to schow that the classical approach of economic analysis can be considered as an alternative to the walrasian and neo-walrasian one. The formation of prices, defined as the salient feature of the distinction between these two traditions, is the starting point of our study. As a matter of fact when the standatd analysis focuses on walrasian market to elaborate a general theory of exchanges, classical one, on the contrary starts from the production side to build a theory of production without any reference to the market. In this light, if the traditional theory is closely linked to walrasian market, calssical approach seemw to be comptatible with different theories of market working. The aim of this research is therefore to show that the classical analysis is related to a set of market studies. In a firt part, based on the history of economic thought, we prove the existence of two calssical approaches of market. In a secondpart, we build a typology of classical markets to evaluate the level of completion of this tradition compared with the traditional one
Miteva, Elena. "Bulgarie : transition vers une économie de marché et investissements directs étrangers." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999IEPP0022.
Full textAoudi, Marc. "Agglomération : réseaux et accès au marché dans la nouvelle économie géographique." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010067.
Full textDos, Santos Nilo Rosa. "Marché du travail, économie informelle et discrimination : le cas de Salvador." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010553.
Full textNguyen, Thi Thanh Huyen. "Réformes financières vietnamiennes dans la transition vers une économie de marché." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090048.
Full textThe thesis focuses to discuss the role of Vietnam financial system in the transitional process of the economy. We experiment the contemporary financial theories in respects to the importance of the financial system on the sustainable economic development to form a ground for an appropriate financial structure. The financial organization is believed to be able to fuel the economic development of the ex-centralized planning countries. The thesis further proposes an approach to develop this organization. The study of the best practice and experience from the successfully transformed countries has supported the theory and become a benchmark for the current reforms in Vietnam. The Vietnamese financial reforms have failed to fuel the economic development. Hence Vietnam is facing difficulty in financing its growth. The theoretical and case study have reaffirmed that the financial reforms in Vietnam should follow the approach by the ex-centralized planning countries which have successfully transformed their economy
Aspilaire, Roseman. "Économie informelle en Haïti, marché du travail et pauvreté : analyses quantitatives." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0122/document.
Full textThe predominance of the informal sector in the economy of Haiti, where more than 80% of the population lives below the threshold of poverty and more than 35% unemployed, suggests links between the informal economy, poverty and the labour market. Highlight these interrelationships, requires an assessment of the informal economy, which is the subject of the four chapters of this thesis, dealing successively with the evolution of the macroeconomic situation, human capital, the informal earnings of workers, and the segmentation of the labour market.The first chapter made a diagnosis of the phenomenon according to the State of affairs of the developed theories and the evolution of the macroeconomic framework of Haiti from 1980 to 2010. And then offers a macroeconomic assessment of the informal sector as a percentage of GDP from a PLS (Partial Least Squares).Chapter two sets out the relationship between the evolution of the informal economy, deregulation and neo-liberal policies through a LISREL (Linear Structural Relations) model. We look at the impact of the budgetary, fiscal and monetary policies of the past 30 years on the informal economy. We also reassess the causes of the evolution of the informal economy generally evoked by the empirical studies (taxes, social security).In the chapter three, we analyse the micro-real dimension of the informal economy through a model of the Mincer earnings estimated by the equations logit from data in a national survey on employment and the informal economy (EEEI) in 2007. We analyse the determinants of informal gains in terms of the position of the market workers (employees, entrepreneurs and self-employed); and revenues (formal and informal) and the socio-economic characteristics of the working poor and non-poor compared to the poverty line.In chapter four, we first test the competitiveness and the segmentation of the labour market by making use of model of Roy and the expanded Roy model through an estimate a model Tobit. We use a model of Dirichlet process: first analyse the segmentation and possible informal work and market competitiveness as its determinants, according to data from the EEEI 2007; then, to distinguish the fundamental characteristics of the involuntary informal (excluded from the formal labour market) than the voluntary informal who gain comparative advantages
Zaman, Constantin. "Accumulation du capital et marché du travail dans une économie en transition." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010039.
Full textSince the collapse of soviet style regimes, all central and easter european countries have opened a new way of evolution for their economies, based on three main process : privatisation, restructuring, and macroeconomic stabilisation. The basic mechanisms of a socialist economy, analyzed in the first two chapters, allow to emphasize the main particularities of the transitional period (chapter iii). A theoretical model of growth with capital accumulation (chapter IV) allowed us to evaluate the length of transition in four countries : Czech republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. The last chapter contains an analysis of structural changes on the labour market, taking place in the presence of asymmetric information concerning the effective level of workers' qualification
Defalvard, Hervé. "Contribution à l'histoire intellectuelle du marché." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100118.
Full textWhereas it is generally admitted by the economists that Adam Smith founded the modern market theory, our work has shown that this idea was more a myth than a reality. In order to appraise the smith's place within the intellectual history of the market, we have in a first part followed two routes. The former has studed the theories of exchange before Adam Smith in which the exchange always belong to a share economy (versus the exchange economy). The latter has analysed the liberal individual of social contract theories and his critic - in particular by hume- during XVIIIe century. In a such perspective, we have in a second part proposed two thesis about the wealth of nations. The first thesis -based one's argument on the lectures of Glasgow and the theory of moral sentiments - has maintained that the smithian exchange economy is limited an artisanal organization of production which only takes 1% of the wealth of nations. The second thesis has asserted that the remainder of the wealth of nations (ie 99%) is consecrated to analyse a salary share economy. After Adam Smith, the economists - in particular l. Walras- have understood the modern economy like an exchange economy or an economy of craftsmen
Defalvard, Hervé. "Contribution à l'histoire intellectuelle du marché." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100018.
Full textWhereas it is generally admitted by the economists that Adam Smith founded the modern market theory, our work has shown that this idea was more a myth than a reality. In order to appraise the smith's place within the intellectual history of the market, we have in a first part followed two routes. The former has studed the theories of exchange before Adam Smith in which the exchange always belong to a share economy (versus the exchange economy). The latter has analysed the liberal individual of social contract theories and his critic - in particular by hume- during XVIIIe century. In a such perspective, we have in a second part proposed two thesis about the wealth of nations. The first thesis -based one's argument on the lectures of Glasgow and the theory of moral sentiments - has maintained that the smithian exchange economy is limited an artisanal organization of production which only takes 1% of the wealth of nations. The second thesis has asserted that the remainder of the wealth of nations (ie 99%) is consecrated to analyse a salary share economy. After Adam Smith, the economists - in particular l. Walras- have understood the modern economy like an exchange economy or an economy of craftsmen
Emonet, Caroline. "La gestion de la liquidité sur les marchés financiers." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090018.
Full textThis research paper offers an original approach of liquidity, centred around three themes. The first deals with the composition and measurement of liquidity. What are the principal components of liquidity? Is it possible to select from the components that are already known and recorded in financial literature in order to have a better valuation of liquidity? The second theme covers liquidity management. Is it possible to manage liquidity? Four management tools are described in the second part of this paper: buy-back shares, liquidity providers, taxation and the implementation of a boosting plan. This last strategy is illustrated by the example of the Euro Notionnel contract. The questions raised in the third part concern the systematic components of liquidity. Are there common factors which determine liquidity, in other words do certain events or variables cause the liquidity of all securities making up the market at one time to vary? And what are they?
Ait, Soudane Jalila. "Secteur informel et marché du travail au Maroc." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10031.
Full textLapied, André. "Apprentissage et convergence vers l'équilibre de marché." Aix-Marseille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX3A000.
Full textChatelain, Jean-Bernard. "Contraintes financières sur l'investissement, contraintes de capacités de production et incertitude sur la demande : fondements et limites d'une relation croissance-endettement et du théorème de H. Schmidt." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0057.
Full textThis thesis deals with the effects of financial constraints on investment and on employment especially when it is limited by capital. There are six chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the link between the irreversibility faced in the investment decision and the capital constraint. Chapter 2 surveys foundations of finance constraints. It concludes to the relevance of the finance hierarchy hypothesis including a possible credit rationing. Chapter 3 introduces bankruptcy costs in malinvadd's model of irreversible investment and chapter 4 introduces agency costs. Chapter 5 proves that a financial constraint on the level of capital implies a financial constraint on the rate of grwoth of x capital. It also adds various assumptions such as different types of finance hierarchy and convex adjustment costs. Chapter 6 shows which economic policy are to be done according to the regimes on the financial markets and on the goods markets
Riahi, Dorra. "Analyse expérimentale des marchés d'assurance avec anti-sélection." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010002.
Full textRamdani, Mohamed. "Notation : cours boursiers et efficience du marché financier." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100160.
Full textIn france, the rating agencies have existed since 1986. The reasons for their creation analyzed in the first part of our research work are the following : -deregulation, financial innovation and development market were the main factors having helped their development. - the theoretical reasons for their activity are the asymetric information characterized by selection adverse and moral hazard. The origin and process and analysis method of the rating agencies have then been studied. The demand for an issue rating on the capital market is a demand divided into three poles : issuer, rating agency and investor. This leads to the second part of our work : the representation of the relationship issuer-rating agency. The possible behaviour of the rating agency, taking into account the demand, the environment and its attitude to risk have thus been underlined. Its credibility and its reputation depend on the pressure on the demand which is the inciting factor forcing the rating agency to behave as a perfect agent. In the relationship rating agency-investor, the rating is universal information. It is a means of communication which enables the issuer of signal, certify, guarantee and secure the investor of the quality of the stock issues
Durand-Viel, Laure. "Stratégies d'engagement et pouvoir de marché : une application au marché du gaz naturel." Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090018.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the analysis of commitment strategies in oligopolistic markets, with a particular focus on the European market for natural gas. The first chapter focuses on capacity investments in a bilateral relationship where the buyer-investor faces the threat of holdup. While some commitment is necessary to ensure investment, a too long commitment by the seller can lead to a lower investment level. The second chapter analyzes the strategic use of storage in a successive oligopoly and shows that while demand preemption through storage can be profitable, firms can however choose to commit not to use such a strategy. The third chapter provides a positive and normative analysis of gas release programs that aim at fostering competition in the downstream gas market by granting new entrants access to the incumbent's long-term contracts with foreign producers. Finally, the fourth chapter analyzes how real asset valuation methods based on spot market arbitrage can lead to suboptimal investment choices
Boyabé, Jean-Bernard. "La pérennité du "marché informel" en Afrique sub-saharienne : Analyse économique d'un paradoxe." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL12017.
Full textIn this work, we analyse the "informal sector", in subsaharan africa, as an "informal market". The two main characteristics of this market, competitiveness and product heterogeneity, enable us to introduce akerlofs paradigm as an hypthesis. According to the extreme case of this hypothesis, the informal market, thus +informal sector ; in subsarahan africa, should have ceased to exist. To overcome this paradox, we propose a demand function in which "qualitative variables" (characteristic of product and characteristic of others) play important role by limiting the "adverse selection" phenomenon. These variables are presented as those from which it is possible to understand why the informal sector continue to exist, and what determine the substitution mechanism between the latter and the formal sector
Ioannidou, Aimilia. "L'intérêt général en économie de marché : perspective de droit de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020035.
Full textThe legal concept of general interest is significantly transformed under EU law. The most important transformations consist in the double-level (national and European) development of the concept and in the fact that the primarily economic character of EU law as well as its liberal orientation influence at a great extent the relation between public authority and the market as far as both the definition and the realization of the general interest, as well as its functions, are concerned. The object of the present thesis consists in a study of the aforementioned transformations
Oliveira-Martins, Joaquim. "Spécialisation commerciale et structures de marché : un recueil d'articles en économie appliquée." Paris 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140536.
Full textPsillaki, Maria. "Une contribution au renouvellement du concept de marché : les cas du crédit et des titres." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0005.
Full textThere is frequently a tendancy to think that the concept of the market is derived by examining the market paradigm presented by the walrasian theory and modelled by arrow-debreu. The present work has been undertaken with the objective to put forward the characteristics of a different concept of the market through the study of recent developments related to the markets of credit ans stocks. The goal of this thesis is therefore twofold : first is to question the walrasian character of these two markets and to put forward the elements contradicting this hypothesis and differentiating with respect to the reference model : and second to develop constructive argumentation to demonstrate the necessary characteristics for the etablishment of an alternative market concept. We then show that the market appears as complex system consisting of agents with interdependentbehaviours introducting different determinants such as : behavioural rules, crossing expectations, strategic uncertainty or cognitive rationality. All theses are elements that deviate these markets from the standard theory. We thus conclude by porposing different however positive definition of the market. The market is then assimilated to a mechanism relating agents buyers or sellers in an institutional and organisational framework defining the conditions of information exchanges. The information exchange is based on such types market organisation like incentive contrats, customers relations, reputations and learning
Han, Sung-Yun. "Le fondement théorique de l'aversion au risque et les marchés financiers." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100106.
Full textIn the traditional theory of decision-making, we cannot take into consideration the problems on the complexes environment, not only because of the difficulty to accept and to evaluate correctly the results of possible alternatives, but also the difficulty to compare these alternatives on the basis of evaluation imprecise and uncertain. So we need a new approach to the analysis and to the solution. This investigation motivate our work which consist of, on the one hand, the analysis and rationalization of the procedure of choice or decision, and the other hand, of elaboration of nonconventional mathematical model which permit the representation and exploitation of relation between the fuzzy preference and fuzzy measure. Our objective in this work is to formulate and to analyses the measure of risk aversion with the fuzzy sub-set theories. This new notion "fuzzy" has introduced and studied. This notion permits to establish the bridge between the decision theory and the fuzzy sub-set theory. And this bridge facilitates the definition more precisely of the fuzzy utility function, fuzzy integral and fuzzy expected utility. Finally the mathematical formulation of the fuzzy risk aversion has developed and aplicated to the financial market
Barbaret, Claire. "Les introductions au second marché : caractéristiques et évaluation des coûts." Paris 9, 1990. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1990PA090019.
Full textThis work examines the characteristics and mainly the costs of the new issues on the french "second marché". The "second marché", created in februar 1983, has its own characteristics. Indeed, to be admitted in the market, a company may to bring in 10% of its equity. During three yeazrs, the company may improve its financial documents. Furthermore, the ways to go public have been improved in order to make the issue eazsier in spite of the lack of liquidity. In addition, a new kind of market making has been set through the "contrat de liquidite". Issuing costs are composed of two kinds of costs : explicit and implicit costs. The explicit costs are administrative ones like advertising, payment of the banks. . . The implicit ones are linked to the underpricing of the shares estimated by the difference between the market price and the issuing price paid by the investissors. Models don't totally justify such an underpricing. This study measures the underpricing level on the french "second marche" from february 1983 to the end of 1989
Roche, Claude. "La connaissance et la loi dans la pensée économique libérale classique." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100028.
Full textThis thesis sets out classical political economy as a political plan for institutionalizing the market, in opposition to the 'naturalist' interpretation which dominates modern economic thought (of scientist inspiration). The thesis is that the purpose of the classics has been to lay the institutional foundations of the British financial market in order to answer unavoidable requirements in terms of measuring capital (in fact: accounting). For that reason they have been lead to elaborate the concept of a coherent market, thought out as a reality structured by general laws of income. Emphasizing therefore that the classical concept of the market must be read as an object of knowledge in Kant’s sense of the word, founded in particular upon monetary and physical "a priori conditions of knowledge", it infers that the political monetary project of the classics has formed the foundations of what is understood by the term: "market". With this end in view, it underlines the decisive role played by Locke from a theoretical as well as a political point a view, since his "treatise of government" appears directly inspired by the founding principles of the bank of England. Lastly emphasizing the continuity between Locke and Ricardo, and relativizing smith’s contribution, it draws up an exhaustive equivalence table between the construction of the concept of the market and classical physics: the whole enabling a new interpretation to be made of the genesis of physics in the 17th century
Le, Velly Ronan. "Sociologie du marché : le commerce équitable : des échanges marchands contre le marché et dans le marché." Phd thesis, Nantes, 2004. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.cairn.info/sociologie-du-marche--9782707171245.htm.
Full textI begin by presenting the way New Economic Sociology advocates use the notion of embeddedness to study concrete markets. Embedding conditions are shown not just as the normative setting for decision-making but indeed as the very basis of transactions. Then, I argue that New Economic Sociology, contrary to Max Weber, neglects the existence of constraints peculiar to the capitalist market system. To demonstrate this inadequacy, I study two main French fair trade promoters, Artisans du Monde and Max Havelaar. I describe their efforts into creating the conditions of a personalisation of market transactions and of the exercise of a substantive rationality. Next, to trade against the market is not an easy matter. As fair trade promoters want to develop their outlets, they have to face market constraints and these obligations may conflict the alternatives they try to build
Gallimard, Gilles. "Systèmes financiers différenciés et financement des déficits budgétaires en économie ouverte." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100146.
Full textAn historical recalling and a review of the whole works which have initiated the improved the bipolar concept of overdraft-economy and auto-economy, enable to catch a differentiation form foundation for financial system of which a new definition as criteria classification is proposed. The frontiers permeability incidence is took up through this approach. During the second part, these definitions allow to demonstrate that fiscal deficits founding methods can, like financial mechanisms in which they take place, noticeably be dissimilar according as the system is an overdraft economy or an auto-economy: later than a review of the manifold public founding methods, it is demonstrated that, in auto-economy, a sound fiscal deficits financing cannot be reached but learnedly apportion potentially inflationist and potentially crowding out effects productive instruments, while, in overdraft economy, more typically inflationists solutions can be completed, for the most pure cases, by the release of the very beneficient “dam affect” transferable securities debt’s recovering). This adjustments analysis reaches his whole complexity with the ceaselessly moving anticipations influence, like with the growing financial systems international interdependence, which leads to a progressive homogeneity of the nationals financial mechanisms. During the third part, an empiric investigation enable to put into practice the classification method of which the necessity has been demonstrated, in theoretical way, during the second part. And so, France appears like an overdraft economy, which, under a “dam effect” action, is drawing nearer to the auto-economy state. Lastly, United Kingdom is an equivocal case because of the influence of his privileged role in the inexorably extending international integration phenomenon