Journal articles: 'Economics – Spain'

1

Pastor, Santos. "Law and economics in Spain." International Review of Law and Economics 11, no. 3 (December 1991): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-8188(91)90008-2.

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Semenenko, I., and I. Labinskaya. "World. Global Crisis Challenges. Spain." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2013): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-7-38-53.

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The next in the series of essays dealing with trends and prospects of social/political transformation of the West is the analysis of problems in Spain, prepared by the Center of Comparative Social-Economic and Social-Political Studies of IMEMO. The first to speak was S. Khenkin, Dr. Sci. (History), from MGIMO-University (Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs) who stressed the systemic character of the political community crisis in Spain. I. Prokhorenko, Cand. Sci. (Political Science), dealt with possible directions of Spanish development underlining risks of the nation’s return to a periphery status within the EU. A. Avilova, Cand. Sci. (Economics), analyzed Spanish economics in the time of crisis. A. Kozhanovskii, Cand. Sci. (History), from the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology (Russian Academy of Sciences), P. Yakovlev, Dr. Sci. (Economics), Head of Center for Iberian Studies at the Institute of Latin America (Russian Academy of Sciences), E. Ermol'eva, Cand. Sci. (Economics), researcher at IMEMO also took part in the discussion.

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Julve, Vicente Montesinos. "Accounting and Business Economics in Spain." European Accounting Review 7, no. 3 (September 1998): 357–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096381898336330.

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CAMACHO, MAXIMO, and GABRIEL PEREZ QUIROS. "SPAIN-STING: SPAIN SHORT-TERM INDICATOR OF GROWTH*." Manchester School 79 (April 19, 2011): 594–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.2010.02212.x.

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Sancho, J. R. Lasuén. "The Autonomous Communities: Politics and Economics." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 5, no. 3 (September 1987): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c050251.

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In this paper it is argued that there is a built-in dilemma in the 1978 Spanish Constitution which can be understood and solved only by comparing the ‘formal’ and the ‘real’ Constitutions of the country. The present shared quasi-federalism will prove inadequate in the long term because it fails to recognize that, for most of the time, political centralization and economic growth cannot occur together in Spain. This fact arises because Spain is a country with an ‘inverted centre-periphery’; the political and economic centres are at different locations. As a result future policy should be orientated towards greater decentralized powers, but with more effective integration of the nationalist parties of the Autonomous Communities into national policies.

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Lopez Trigal, Lorenzo. "Le Portugal en Espagne : migration et société." Sud-Ouest européen 18, no. 1 (2004): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rgpso.2004.2867.

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Portugal in Spain : migration and society. This paper is about the presence of Portugal and Portuguese in Spain, through the process of union and disunion that marked the history of Spain and Portugal. It then moves on to the process of European integration giving a new vision of Iberia, and challenging the old resentments and the difficulties to communicate which traditionally represent the relations between the two countries. The Portuguese community in Spain is the oldest and the first economic immigration and shows a state of advanced integration into the Spanish society. At the same time, the Portuguese economic and social presence tends to assert itself at the level of institutions, education, culture, economics, tourism, business and finance... The developing cross-border cooperation and common projects help to the re-composition of the Iberian space.

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Expósito, Alfonso, and Rocío Sánchez-Lissen. "Defense of an Open Economy Model for Post–Civil War Spain." History of Political Economy 52, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 741–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-8604021.

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This paper analyzes the work done by the economist Manuel de Torres Martínez (1903–1960), chair of economic theory at the University of Madrid, in the defense of an open economy model for Spain, through his prologues to the translations of foreign economics texts, during his period as director in Madrid of the economics section of the Publishing Aguilar (1945–60). With his work, Torres provided a guide to those responsible for economic policy to introduce the urgent changes needed by the Spanish economy, due to its problems of external deficit, inflation, and general shortages of products. At the same time, they contributed significantly to the diffusion and updating in Spain of the economic thought of foreign authors. Many of the ideas proposed by Torres and included in these prologues became a reality with the Stabilization Plan in 1959, which meant the definitive abandonment of an economic policy characterized by autarky and intense interventionism.

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Tortella, Gabriel. "La “adolescencia” de la España moderna: economía y política." Araucaria, no. 47 (2021): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2021.i47.09.

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Para España y para varios otros países importantes, como Rusia, China, Italia, Portugal, Grecia y México (la enumeración no pretende ser exhaustiva), el período de adolescencia fue el siglo XX, y vino acompañado de grandes crisis políticas y económicas: una gran depresión, un destronamiento, una guerra civil y dos dictaduras, una de ellas, la de Franco, de 36 años. Pero cosas parecidas ocurrieron en los otros países mencionados, mutatis mutandis. El autor de este artículo es de los que piensan que entre los muchos usos de la Historia está el allegar elementos para conjeturar sobre el futuro. Esta era también una de las sugerencias de los editores de Araucaria. La madurez de España comienza casi exactamente con el siglo XXI y el hito escogido es la adopción del euro. A pesar de que esta operación vino coronada por el éxito, la prognosis del autor no es muy optimista, ya que la adolescencia de España no sirvió para resolver varios graves problemas, entre los que destacan el de los nacionalismos periféricos y el de la formación de capital humano.

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Oliver, Xisco, and Joan Rosselló. "The Determinants of Regional Budget Forecast Errors in Federal Economics: Spain 1995-2013." Revista Hacienda Pública Española 226, no. 3 (September 2018): 85–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.7866/hpe-rpe.18.3.4.

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Gutiérrez, Jose A., and Raquel García. "Economics of Coalbed Methane in North West Spain." International Journal of Clean Coal and Energy 07, no. 02 (2018): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijcce.2018.72002.

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González-Moralejo, Silvia Andrés, and Mildrey García Cortés. "AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT IN SPAIN AND NEW KEYNESIAN ECONOMICS." Ciencia e investigación agraria 43, no. 2 (2016): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-16202016000200002.

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Lluch, E., and L. Argemi. "Physiocracy in Spain." History of Political Economy 26, no. 4 (January 1, 1994): 613–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-26-4-613.

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Buonanno, Paolo, and Daniel Montolio. "Juvenile crime in Spain." Applied Economics Letters 16, no. 5 (March 2, 2009): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850601018684.

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Simpson, James. "Economic Development in Spain, 1850–1936." Economic History Review 50, no. 2 (May 1997): 348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0289.00058.

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Vega-Bayo, Ainhoa, and Petr Mariel. "School Choice across Different Regions of Spain." Revista Hacienda Pública Española 227, no. 4 (December 2018): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7866/hpe-rpe.18.4.1.

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16

Calvo-Gonzalez, Oscar. "American Military Interests and Economic Confidence in Spain under the Franco Dictatorship." Journal of Economic History 67, no. 3 (September 2007): 740–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050707000290.

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The security of property rights is fragile under dictatorships. This is particularly so if economic agents are uncertain as to whether the regime will last. As a result, private investment is withheld and economic performance is poor. Spain was in such a situation after World War II. However, as the Cold War intensified the United States became interested in Spain as a military ally, thereby helping to consolidate Franco's regime. This led to an increase in economic confidence and helps to explain why economic growth resumed in Spain ahead of significant changes in its autarkic economic policies.

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Cuenca-Esteban, Javier. "Spain, 1717-1827." Revue de l'OFCE 140, no. 4 (2015): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reof.140.0355.

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Ampudia Fraile, Miguel. "Stockholding in Spain." SERIEs 4, no. 4 (July 2, 2013): 415–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13209-013-0099-x.

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Ponedelko, G. "Immigration in Spain." World Economy and International Relations, no. 9 (2015): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-9-80-92.

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The article considers the problems of Spanish immigration within the period of 1981–2015, namely, its dynamics, latest tendencies and socio-economic characteristics (including changes in nationality, gender, age and educational structures of immigrants). Primarily, the stress is made on an in-depth analysis of the following main features of immigrants’ population in Spain: the levels of their incomes, the unemployment rate, the living standards. The author makes a conclusion that Spanish immigrants constitute not only a majority of poor population in the country but they are also ones of the poorest in Europe. It is particularly evident against the background of their impact upon the economic activity and employment’s rate of the country’s population and economic growth. At the considered period all the mentioned indicators were noticeably higher for immigrants than for local labor force, not saying of the positive immigrants’ influence on the growth and rejuvenation of Spanish people. Secondly, a considerable part in the article is devoted to the analysis of the immigration policy of Spanish government during the considered period of time. The author singles out the specific stages of this policy and shows that its contents and approaches modified in strict dependence of political factors. The Spanish Socialist Working Party was the beginner of the immigration policy in 1985 which always had the most liberal character particularly when it was concerned to the immigrant social and labor integration based on human rights equality. On the contrary, immigration policy of the now ruling conservative Partido Popular has more pragmatic, selective and rigid approach to foreign labor force legislation.

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20

Gomez-Gonzalez, Patricia, and Daniel M. Rees. "Same Spain, less pain?" European Economic Review 110 (November 2018): 78–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.08.006.

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21

Angulo, Kira Mahamud, and Yovana Hernández Laina. "Teaching Economics with Spanish Primary School Textbooks during the Franco Dictatorship and the Transition to Democracy (1962-1982)." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2017.090105.

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In this article we analyze knowledge about economics conveyed via primary school textbooks published during the late Franco dictatorship and the years of transition to democracy in Spain. Starting from the premise that the process of political socialization and identity construction is based partly on economic factors, we examine the evolution of the content of economics in textbooks during and after the technocratic phase of planning and development. We elucidate ways in which economic culture is transmitted in schools, identifying certain values, principles and patterns of sociopolitical thought that this culture upholds and projects.

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22

Khenkin, S. "Spain in Zone of Turbulence." World Economy and International Relations, no. 4 (2012): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-4-71-81.

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The global financial and economic crisis abruptly changed the socio-economic and political situation in Spain. While having successfully developed in the decade before the crisis, the country became one of the most unfortunate countries in the EU (the so-called PIIGS group, which also includes Greece, Italy, Portugal and Iceland). After centuries of isolation of Spain integrated into European institutions and started to play a prominent role at the international arena. In the proposed article, the author explores the problems of internal and foreign policy, facing the modern Spain.

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García‐Santana, Manuel, Enrique Moral‐Benito, Josep Pijoan‐Mas, and Roberto Ramos. "GROWING LIKE SPAIN: 1995–2007." International Economic Review 61, no. 1 (January 11, 2020): 383–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iere.12427.

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Wagner-Tsukamoto, Sigmund. "A Holistic Behavioural Economic Approach to Environmental Problems?" Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 14, no. 1 (January 2003): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x03001400105.

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Mihi-Ramirez, Antonio. "The New Migration Flow. An Analysis of Economic Factors of Poland and Spain." Equilibrium 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2013.009.

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This paper has been focused on the migration flow changes due to the economic factors, comparing differences and similitudes of two European countries with different migration antecedents and circumstances. Thus, Spain has been a traditional host country for economic migrants and Poland has been traditionally considered a sending or transit country, but after the economic collapse these roles have changed and Spain is involved in a severe economic downturn meanwhile Poland has continued to grow economically, therefore it has supposed several changes on the attractiveness of these countries from the perspective of migration. Through the analysis and comparison of international statistics about economic factors for migration this research has examined the evolution, effects and extension of current changes on migration flow of two countries of Europe with different economic situation that is affecting their future migration tendencies. The results have shown that 1) Changes on the economics factors are immediately reflected on the migration flow; 2) the deterioration of these factors in Spain has changed its status as destination country to a country with increasing emigration 3) opposite circumstances have declined the higher migration of Poland, but further investment in Research and Development should be necessary to maintain the economic development.

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Harrison, Joseph. "The Economic History of Spain Since 1800." Economic History Review 43, no. 1 (February 1990): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2596514.

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Prados de la Escosura, Leandro, Joan R. Rosés, and Isabel Sanz-Villarroya. "Economic reforms and growth in Franco's Spain,." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 30, no. 1 (August 30, 2011): 45–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610911000152.

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AbstractThis paper is an attempt at assessing the economic impact of market-oriented reforms undertaken during General Franco's dictatorship, in particular the 1959 Stabilisation and Liberalisation Plan. Using an index of macroeconomic distortions, the relationship between economic policies and the growth record is examined. Although a gradual reduction in macroeconomic distortions was already in motion during the 1950s, the 1959 Plan opened the way to a new institutional design that favoured a free market allocation of resources and allowed Spain to accelerate growth and catch up with Western Europe. Without the 1950s reforms and, especially, the 1959 Plan, per capita GDP would have been significantly lower in 1975.

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Beltrán Tapia, Francisco J. "COMMON LANDS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SPAIN." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 34, no. 1 (August 26, 2015): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610915000269.

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ABSTRACTThe impact of the privatisation of the commons remains a contested topic throughout the social sciences. Focusing on the Spanish case, this article reviews the literature and provides an overall assessment of this historical process based on recent research. Common lands appear to have been reasonably well managed and their dismantling did not foster agricultural productivity. Instead, the privatisation process negatively affected the economic situation of a large proportion of rural households and local councils, as well as deteriorating the stock of social capital. Therefore, the long-standing belief in the existence of a trade-off between equity and efficiency actually turns out to be misleading.

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Sánchez, José Jurado. "Military Expenditure, Spending Capacity and Budget Constraint in Eighteenth-Century Spain and Britain." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 27, no. 1 (2009): 141–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610900000732.

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ABSTRACTUsing new public spending statistics for Spain and other various indicators we show that Spain and Britain suffered larger increases in public expenditure in the periods in which they fought each other and other countries. The British Exchequer spent much more than its Spanish counterpart, especially on the Army and Navy and debt repayment. This situation helps to explain why Britain emerged victorious against Spain in the majority of these wars and was a consequence of the political and institutional changes made in England from 1688 onwards, reducing budget constraint and allowing Britain to mobilise the necessary resources to become the leading world power. In Spain, however, the changes required to eliminate the country's history of bankruptcies and increase its spending capacity were not made.

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Ringrose, David. "Historia económica regional de España, siglos XIX y XX. Edited by Luis Germán, Enrique Llopis, Jordi Maluquer de Motes, and Santiago Zapata. Barcelona: Crítica, 2001." Journal of Economic History 63, no. 1 (March 2003): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050703261805.

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This volume is a collection of nineteen essays, seventeen of which summarize the economic history of the individual autonomous regions established in Spain as part of the transition to democratic government that began in 1975. The last two essays are valiant efforts to synthesize some of the information in the first seventeen. The first of the concluding essays discusses the persistence of pre-nineteenth-century structures in Spain during the nineteenth century. The second examines the relationship of the various autonomous regions within Spain to the European Union.

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SÁENZ, Alfredo. "THE SPAIN CASE." Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 64, no. 1 (January 1993): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8292.1993.tb01383.x.

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32

Guerre, Asuncion Arner. "Subcentral Taxation in Spain." International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 12, no. 4 (July 19, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.13131.

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The latest reform of the Financing System of the Autonomous Communities of the common regime (AFS) has deepened Spain's fiscal co-responsibility and financial autonomy. In the Personal Income Tax, the income transfer has been accompanied by a growing regulatory capacity, creating a regional personal income tax (RPIT). Subsequently, Autonomous Communities must approve yearly an autonomous rate. Regional governments get the RPIT income by monthly payments on account (POA) based on the budget forecast for the following year on fractional payments and withholdings. Subsequently, there is the corresponding final settlement two years later. This work aims to study the RPIT from the POA, considering the potential and current taxation to evaluate possible inefficiencies. The methodology consists of estimating a Dynamic Panel Data of the fifteen Autonomous Communities for 2003-2019, using GMM. Results show that there was some degree of tax base overlap between levels of government in the Personal Income Tax. Besides, there was some type of reaction of the tax rate in one region to the tax rate of others. Consequently, the State transfers internalized vertical and horizontal externalities. In addition, efficiency concerns mainly were about taxation for entrepreneurs.

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Dejuan-Bitria, Daniel, and Corinna Ghirelli. "Economic policy uncertainty and investment in Spain." SERIEs 12, no. 3 (June 15, 2021): 351–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13209-021-00237-5.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of economic policy uncertainty on firms’ investment decisions. We focus on Spain for the period 1998–2014. To measure policy-related uncertainty, we borrow the economic policy uncertainty (EPU) indicator available for this country. We find strong evidence that uncertainty reduces corporate investment. This relationship appears to be nonlinear, being the marginal effect of uncertainty attenuated toward zero during periods of high uncertainty levels. Furthermore, the heterogeneous results suggest that the adverse effect of uncertainty is particularly relevant for highly vulnerable firms. Overall, these results are consistent with the hypotheses that economic policy-related uncertainty reduces corporate investment through increases in precautionary savings or to worsening of credit conditions.

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Expósito, Alfonso, and Julio Berbel. "The Economics of Irrigation in Almond Orchards. Application to Southern Spain." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060796.

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This paper offers an exploratory microeconomic analysis of water use in the cultivation of almonds when water is considered a limiting production factor. When a crop is subjected to water limitation, the microeconomic principles behind irrigation decisions are based upon the water-yield relationship. The analysis is applied to an estimated water-yield response function for irrigated almond trees in southern Spain; our research focuses on determining the optimal irrigation dose when deficit irrigation is applied, as it is usual in water-scarce contexts. The situation in Spain is compared to that of other countries where water rights are less constrained. The economic analysis of the water production function is crucial, since it determines farmers’ income and helps them make appropriate management decisions, such as simultaneous decisions regarding the allocation of limited water to crops and the size of the irrigated area for almond production. Furthermore, public institutions need this basic information for the allocation of water in times of increasing water demand and of limited and decreasing resources.

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Caballero, Gonzalo, and Marcos Álvarez-Díaz. "The procyclicality of political trust in Spain." Panoeconomicus 65, no. 1 (2018): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan150804007c.

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Political trust has been considered a necessary condition for good democratic and economic performance over time. The grave economic crisis that started in 2008, which is known as the Great Recession, has deteriorated the level of political trust in several countries. Some authors have shown that those countries with an increasing level of unemployment experienced a sharp decline in political trust. In particular, the political distrust in Spain has suffered a high increase since the Great Recession. This paper tests the procyclicality of political trust in Spain through the analysis and modeling of the relationship between political trust and business cycle in Spain over the period 1996-2015. The cross-correlation analysis, the Granger causality test, and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach coherently conclude the procyclicality of political trust in Spain. The unemployment rate shows a negative and statistically significant influence on political trust four quarters later.

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DOWLING, ANDREW. "Spain: a modern European economy." Economic History Review 58, no. 1 (February 2005): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00302_17.x.

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Carrion-i-Silvestre, Josep Lluís, Marta Espasa, and Toni Mora. "Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth in Spain." Public Finance Review 36, no. 2 (March 2008): 194–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142107304649.

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Mihi-Ramírez, Antonio, Sara Ojeda-González, María José Miranda-Martel, and Eugene Agoh. "The Contribution of Migration to Economics Growth. Evidence from Spain." Open Economics 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openec-2018-0006.

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AbstractProductivity is crucial for economic growth. In a time of challenges such as the population ageing, a growing migration flows and slowdown of the economy it is very important to know the impact of migrant workers in productivity and development. Therefore, this paper studies relevant migration theories and the evolution of migration flows, productivity and their effect on economic growth. We analyse the contribution of immigrants’ workers to productivity, to the employment rate and to the demography of Spain in the last 10 years, a country where the last crisis deeply changes the migration patterns and economic conditions. The results show that, in this case, the impact of immigration on the level of development was small but positive.

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Ruiz-Castillo, Javier. "Economics research in Spain during the 1990s: a literature review." Spanish Economic Review 10, no. 3 (November 7, 2007): 221–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10108-007-9037-z.

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Caruana, Leonard, and Hugh Rockoff. "A Wolfram in Sheep's Clothing: Economic Warfare in Spain, 1940–1944." Journal of Economic History 63, no. 1 (March 2003): 100–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050703001748.

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During World War II the United States attempted to prevent Germany from acquiring wolfram (tungsten ore) in Spain by buying it in the open market. Preemptive buying forced the Germans to pay more for and to consume less tungsten, a material crucial for the production of machine tools and armor-piercing shells. The income provided an important incentive for Spain to remain neutral. The naval blockade and the relatively low elasticity of the supply of wolfram contributed to the success of the wolfram-buying campaign.

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Fernández-De-Pinedo Echevarría, Nadia, and Emiliano Fernández-De-Pinedo Fernández. "Distribution of English textiles in the Spanish market at the beginning of the 18th century." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 31, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 253–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610913000116.

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ABSTRACTThis article examines the marketing and distribution of foreign fabric, predominantly English, in the northern sub-plateau of Spain at the beginning of the 18th century using information from a fiscal source. The official tax record used in this study was a specific and special tax levied on cloth imported from countries with which Spain was at war. The details of this tax shed more light on a hotly debated topic with respect to transport and networks in modern Spain and make it possible to analyze and quantify the physical volume as well as the value and the destination of textiles.

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Cuñado, Juncal, Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana, and Fernando Perez De Gracia. "Modelling International Monthly Tourist in Spain*." Studies of Applied Economics 29, no. 3 (December 26, 2020): 723–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v29i3.4411.

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This article investigates the degree of persistence in the international monthly tourist time series in Spain using long memory (fractional integration) techniques. Our findings can be summarized as follows. The two standard hypotheses of integer degrees of differentiation, i.e., the I(0) and the I(1) behaviour, are clearly rejected. The series is found to be I(d) with a value of d in the interval (0.421, 0.780) thus implying long memory behaviour and mean reverting behaviour. However, if a structural break is considered, it takes place at May 2007, and then, the two subsamples present orders of integration which are above 1 and thus rejecting the mean reverting hypothesis.

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Nicolini, Rosella. "Labour productivity in Spain: 1977–2002." Applied Economics 43, no. 4 (August 23, 2010): 465–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840903427216.

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Herranz-Loncán, Alfonso. "Railroad Impact in Backward Economies: Spain, 1850–1913." Journal of Economic History 66, no. 4 (November 28, 2006): 853–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050706000350.

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This article reassesses the economic impact of Spanish railroads in 1850–1913, which has usually been considered to be substantially higher than in the most developed countries on the basis of the social saving methodology. The application of growth accounting techniques shows, by contrast, that the direct contribution of railroads to economic growth was lower in Spain than in the United Kingdom, mainly due to the low importance that railroad transport had within Spanish GDP before 1913.

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Pandey, Asheesh, Sanjay Sehgal, Amiya Kumar Mohapatra, and Pradeepta Kumar Samanta. "Equity market anomalies in major European economies." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 18, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.18(2).2021.20.

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This paper investigates five leading equity market anomalies – size, value, momentum, profitability, and asset growth, for four Western European markets, namely, Germany, France, Italy and Spain, from January 2002 to March 2018. The study tests whether these anomalies reverse under different macro-economic uncertainty conditions, and evaluates if strategies based on time diversification can be formed using these equity market anomalies. Market anomalies were tested using four major asset pricing models – the Capital Asset Pricing Model, the Fama-French three-factor model, the Carhart model, and the Fama-French five-factor model. Macro-economic uncertainty was tested using two proxies, namely VIX and default premiums. Time diversified strategies were examined by estimating Sharpe ratios of combined portfolios formed by combining winner univariate portfolios. Value effect in Germany, Size effect in France and Profitability effect in Italy and Spain provide the highest unadjusted returns on long side strategies. No significant reversal of these anomalies was found under different macroeconomic uncertainties. Asset pricing tests show that CAPM works well for Spain and Italy, while Carhart’s model explains returns in Germany. The Fama-French five factor model does not seem to be a good descriptor of asset pricing for data. No suitable model for explaining asset returns is identified for France. Finally, it is observed that some of the equity market anomalies seem to be countercyclical and therefore provide time diversification opportunities. The study has implications for academicians, investors, and policy makers by providing insights for developing profitable investment strategies and highlighting the efficacy of alternative models as performance benchmarks.

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Castro, Aurelia Valiño. "Defence spending in Spain." Defence and Peace Economics 12, no. 5 (January 2001): 395–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10430710108404996.

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Molas‐Gallart, Jordi. "Country survey IX: Spain." Defence and Peace Economics 8, no. 3 (June 1997): 267–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10430719708404882.

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Bonialian, Mariano. "LA SEDA CHINA EN NUEVA ESPAÑA A PRINCIPIOS DEL SIGLO XVII. UNA MIRADA IMPERIAL EN ELMEMORIALDE HORACIO LEVANTO." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 35, no. 1 (February 17, 2016): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610915000385.

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ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the effects generated by the import and consumption of madeja silk from China in the commercial and productive level of Mexico and Spain between 1580 and 1620. The paper questions the traditional image of an Asian trade defined by expensive, manufactured goods, oriented to an elite consumption. Considering the Memorial of Horacio Levanto (1620) and in the context of modern globalization, we propose the hypothesis that Asian trade responded to mass consumption, influencing productive structures in New Spain and Spain herself. Madeja silk from China was one of the main semi-processed goods imported via Acapulco which, as raw material, promoted the development of the Novohispanic textile industry.

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De Vera, Violeta, Daniel Ondé, and Martín Martín-González. "Social Care and Gender: Who Cares for Dependent Adults in Spain?" Papeles de Europa 32, no. 1 (June 21, 2019): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/pade.64474.

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Care work encompasses a series of tasks of distinct social and economic importance; however, it has not been a traditional object of study in Economics. The main objective of this article is to analyze the factors that intervene in informal care work in Spain. To approach this, an econometric analysis will be conducted using the National Health Survey (ENS as its Spanish acronym) carried out by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) of Spain. The results show that, in Spain, dependent adults do not receive the institutional support they need to perform basic daily activities. In fact, practically all of the care they receive is informal. This article will demonstrate that, within the household, women are responsible for informal care work whenever a family member is in need of such services. Our research shows that this is a consistent pattern regardless of the carer’s personal characteristics and level of education as well as the characteristics of the dependent adult living in the household. These findings reveal the necessity of reorienting public policies in order to help reduce gender inequalities caused by this socio-economic reality.

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Ponedelko, G. "Spain: Weak Prospects for Growth." World Economy and International Relations, no. 4 (2011): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-4-60-69.

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The current financial and economic crisis has become a complete perfect surprise for the citizens and the government in Spain. By the end of 2009 it became evident that the magnitude, depth and duration of the crisis phenomena occurring in the country are significantly greater than in other EU countries. In such circumstances the Spanish government launched a search for a new model of economic growth.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Economics – Spain'

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