Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economics – Simulation methods

Academic literature on the topic 'Economics – Simulation methods'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Economics – Simulation methods"

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Heiss, Florian. "Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation." Econometric Reviews 35, no. 4 (February 6, 2016): 688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07474938.2014.975634.

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Iannazzo, Sergio. "Bayesian statistic methods and theri application in probabilistic simulation models." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2007): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v8i1.251.

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Bayesian statistic methods are facing a rapidly growing level of interest and acceptance in the field of health economics. The reasons of this success are probably to be found on the theoretical fundaments of the discipline that make these techniques more appealing to decision analysis. To this point should be added the modern IT progress that has developed different flexible and powerful statistical software framework. Among them probably one of the most noticeably is the BUGS language project and its standalone application for MS Windows WinBUGS. Scope of this paper is to introduce the subject and to show some interesting applications of WinBUGS in developing complex economical models based on Markov chains. The advantages of this approach reside on the elegance of the code produced and in its capability to easily develop probabilistic simulations. Moreover an example of the integration of bayesian inference models in a Markov model is shown. This last feature let the analyst conduce statistical analyses on the available sources of evidence and exploit them directly as inputs in the economic model.
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Odum, Howard T. "Simulation models of ecological economics developed with energy language methods." SIMULATION 53, no. 2 (August 1989): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003754978905300205.

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Hendershott, Patric H., and Martin Feldstein. "Behavioral Simulation Methods in Tax Policy Analysis." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 17, no. 2 (May 1985): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1992343.

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Novales, Alfonso. "The role of simulation methods in Macroeconomics." Spanish Economic Review 2, no. 3 (December 2000): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00013576.

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Pereira da Silva, Paulo, Paulo Tomaz Rebelo, and Cristina Afonso. "Tail Dependence of Financial Stocks and CDS Markets – Evidence Using Copula Methods and Simulation-Based Inference." Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal 8, no. 2014-39 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2014-39.

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Calvet, Laura, Rocio de la Torre, Anita Goyal, Mage Marmol, and Angel Juan. "Modern Optimization and Simulation Methods in Managerial and Business Economics: A Review." Administrative Sciences 10, no. 3 (July 30, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci10030047.

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Managerial and Business Economics (ME/BE) aims at using quantitative and computational methods to make an efficient (ideally optimal) assignment of the scarce resources owned by firms and organizations. In the current global market, characterized by a fierce competition, an optimal use of the available resources is more important than ever for guaranteeing the economical sustainability of organizations and enterprises of any size. Heuristic optimization algorithms and simulation methods have been successfully employed to analyze and enhance complex systems and processes in a myriad of ME/BE-related fields. This paper reviews recent works on the use of these methodologies in competitive markets, as well as in imperfect markets considering externalities. The paper also discusses open challenges and how state-of-the art methods combining optimization, simulation, and machine learning can contribute to properly address them.
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Davis, Joseph H., Nelson W. Wicas, and Francis M. Kinniry. "The Strengths and Weaknesses of Various Financial Simulation Methods." Journal of Wealth Management 6, no. 4 (January 31, 2004): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jwm.2004.391056.

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Reutov, Viktor Yevgeniyevich, Viktoriya Vladimirovna Reutova, Larisa Аnatolievna Kravchenko, and Irina Аnatolievna Troyan. "BUSINESS SIMULATION AS AN INTERACTIVE METHOD FOR TRAINING ECONOMISTS." Scientific Bulletin: finance, banking, investment., no. 1 (54) (2022): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2312-5330-2021-1-162-171.

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n the article, the authors identified the essence of the main categories of research: simulation, computer simulation, business simulation. Business simulation is viewed as an interactive method for training economists, which has a system of rules and objectives and is aimed at forming a set of competencies that will help the student in subsequent economic activities. Business simulation has a clearly defined educational goal — the development of practical skills and competencies by the participants. The authors identified the key advantages of using business simulation, including: differentiation and adaptability of model changes; an integrated approach to the study of an object, verifiability of various approaches, the possibility of solving a variety of problems. The authors noted the disadvantages of using business simulation: psychological characteristics of the transition to innovative methods of training students, poor awareness, lack of digital competencies, low motivation of teachers, problems with access to resources and tools. With the use of a systematic analysis of the advantages and disadvantages, the expediency of introducing business simulation into the educational process in higher educational institutions for students of economic training is substantiated. The authors analyzed the experience of using business simulations popular in foreign universities and business schools, including Blue Ocean Strategy Simulation (BOSS), Capsim Capstone Business Simulation, Capsim Foundation, Cesim, Edumundo, Online Simulations Harvard Business Publishing Reality Works Business Education Simulations, Traction. The authors considered Russian projects of business simulations: Business course: Corporation Plus, Nixdorf «Exchange», Nixdorf «Delta», ViAL +. The authors identified economic disciplines, in teaching which business simulation should be used (accounting and audit, economic theory, finance, enterprise economics, management, trade, investment analysis, marketing). This will allow updating education and bringing new business graduates to the market and, as a consequence, increasing the efficiency of the national economy. It was emphasized that further research requires studying the experience of using business simulation games in universities and business schools
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Chiou, Lesley, and Joan L. Walker. "Masking identification of discrete choice models under simulation methods." Journal of Econometrics 141, no. 2 (December 2007): 683–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2006.10.012.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economics – Simulation methods"

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Smith, Gregory Steven. "Applications of quantitative methods in environmental economics : econometrics, simulation modelling and experiments." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/57421/.

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In Part I of this thesis we employ novel econometric techniques to explore elicitation anomalies in contingent valuation (CV). According to standard assumptions regarding preferences, changes in the way values are elicited in CV questions should be decision irrelevant. That responses are observed to systematically differ according to elicitation format has, therefore, called the CV method into question. One possible explanation lies in the proposition that respondents are uncertain about their preferences and that their uncertainty precipitates systematically different responses to different question formats. We test this hypothesis using data from a split-sample CV survey. We analyse our data using an innovative application of a semi-parametric estimator more commonly used for duration modelling in the medical sciences but find that uncertainty alone cannot explain away common elicitation anomalies. In Part II we employ simulation modelling and experimental techniques to investigate payment for ecosystem services (PES) schemes that involve multiple buyers. In Chapter 2, we explore opportunities for buyers in PES scheme to realise Paretoimproving outcomes through spatial coordination in their independent purchases of changes to land-management practices. We develop a simulation environment imitating a heterogeneous agricultural landscape and using techniques of integer-linear programming solve for outcomes under different institutional arrangements. Our simulations allow us to explore how gains from negotiated or fully-cooperative purchasing differ across different configurations of landscape and buyer objectives. In Chapter 3, we investigate negotiation as a multiple-purchaser ecosystem service procurement mechanism. We design and conduct novel three-person bargaining experiments in which two potential buyers can negotiate not only between each other but also with a seller of ecosystem services. We find that negotiated deals can be reached that are mutually advantageous to all parties. In all treatment scenarios presented, the vast majority of groups are able to reach agreements; in addition, these agreements are reached relatively quickly.
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Frohwerk, Sascha. "Asymmetrien in der Neuen Ökonomischen Geographie : Modelle, Simulationsmethoden und wirtschaftspolitische Diskussion." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/4915/.

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Die Neue Ökonomische Geographie (NEG) erklärt Agglomerationen aus einem mikroökonomischen Totalmodell heraus. Zur Vereinfachung werden verschiedene Symmetrieannahmen getätigt. So wird davon ausgegangen, dass die betrachteten Regionen die gleiche Größe haben, die Ausgabenanteile für verschiedene Gütergruppen identisch sind und die Transportkosten für alle Industrieprodukte die selben sind. Eine Folge dieser Annahmen ist es, dass zwar erklärt werden kann, unter welchen Bedingungen es zur Agglomerationsbildung kommt, nicht aber wo dies geschieht. In dieser Arbeit werden drei Standardmodelle der NEG um verschiedene Asymmetrien erweitert und die Veränderung der Ergebnisse im Vergleich zum jeweiligen Basismodell dargestellt. Dabei wird neben der Theorie auf die Methoden der Simulation eingegangen, die sich grundsätzlich auf andere Modelle übertragen lassen. Darauf aufbauend wird eine asymmetrische Modellvariante auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Deutschlands angewandt. So lässt sich das Ausbleiben eines flächendeckenden Aufschwungs in den neuen Ländern, die starken Wanderungsbewegungen in die alten Länder und das dauerhafte Lohnsatzgefälle in einem Totalmodell erklären.
The new economic geography explains agglomerations based on a microeconomic general equilibrium model, witch is usually assumed to be symmetric in the sense, that regions are of the same size and transport costs and expenditure shares are the same. As a result, the models can explain why an agglomeration occurs, but not in witch region. This book modifies three of the most influential models of the new economic geography and assumes various asymmetries. It compares the results to the symmetric cases. Not only theoretical aspects but also methods of simulation are discussed in detail. This methods can be applied to a wide variety of models. To show the political implications of the theoretical results, one of the asymmetric models is applied to the economical development in germany after reunification. The model is able to explain the persistent difference in wages between east and west and the simultaneous incomplete agglomeration in the west.
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Low, Hamish Wallace. "Simulation methods and economic analysis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392495.

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Tiwisina, Johannes [Verfasser]. "Essays on simulation methods in economic dynamics / Johannes Tiwisina." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2016. http://d-nb.info/108148781X/34.

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Rozario, Jewel Augustine, and Osman Abdelkader Hamid. "A systematic approach to assess the relocation of the business centres to a logistics platform: A case study on DHL Freight AB (Sweden)." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Industriell ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27244.

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The relocation of logistic companies’ from the inner centres to the logistic platforms significantly affects both the supply chain management and the urban sustainability development. Recently the concept of city logistics and intermodality has received a significant attention from both academics and decision makers. City logistics play a pivotal role to ensure the liveability of urban areas but, in parallel, urban freight transport also has a significant effect on the quality of life in the urban settings. Optimization of urban freight transportation have an important input in the context of sustainability and liveability of cities and urban areas reducing traffic congestion, decreasing road accidents, alleviating CO2 emissions and noise impacts. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the relocation of a case logistics company from the city centre to a suburban area. To do this, a wide range of literature reviews pertaining the influence of peripheral logistics platform on the city sustainability were investigated. It seems that there are not well-defined models which can make a comprehensive and quantitative assessment in the context of sustainability for the relocation of business premises. Further investigation was done by conducting a case study on DHL, field observation of traffic flow. Based on all the collected information from the relevant sources, a mixed methods research was applied including a qualitative approach and a quantitative approach. A systematic approach was therefore developed in the context of sustainable development which can be used as an assessment tool for the major factors that enlighten the decision makers to consider the relocation of the logistics companies. A systematic approach was developed by this thesis which facilitates the assessment of key factors that impact the relocation decision in the context of all the three sustainable aspects: economic, social and environmental development. These impacts represent traffic congestion, time and distance of transportation, emission, cost optimization and transport mobility.
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Dillon, Krystal Renee. "A simulation-optimization method for economic efficient design of net zero energy buildings." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51909.

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Buildings have a significant impact on energy usage and the environment. Much of the research in architectural sustainability has centered on economically advanced countries because they consume the most energy and have the most resources. However, sustainable architecture is important in developing countries, where the energy consumption of the building sector is increasing significantly. Currently, developing countries struggle with vaccine storage because vaccines are typically warehoused in old buildings that are poorly designed and wasteful of energy. This thesis created and studied a decision support tool that can be used to aid in the design of economically feasible Net Zero Energy vaccine warehouses for the developing world. The decision support tool used a simulation-optimization approach to combine an optimization technique with two simulation softwares in order to determine the cost-optimal design solution. To test its effectiveness, a new national vaccine storage facility located in Tunis, Tunisia was used. Nine building parameters were investigated to see which have the most significant effect on the annual energy usage and initial construction cost of the building. First, tests were conducted for two construction techniques, five different climates in the developing world, and three photovoltaic system prices to gain insight on the design space of the optimal solution. The results showed the difference between an economically efficient and economically inefficient Net Zero Energy building and the results were used to provide generalized climatic recommendations for all the building parameters studied. The final test showed the benefits of combining two optimization techniques, a design of experiments and a genetic algorithm, to form a two-step process to aid in the building design in the early stages and final stages of the design process. The proposed decision support tool can efficiently and effectively aid in the design of an economically feasible Net Zero Energy vaccine warehouse for the developing world.
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McFerran, Ethna. "Health economic evaluation of alternatives to current surveillance in colorectal adenoma at risk of colorectal cancer." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.766286.

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The thesis provides a comprehensive overview of key issues affecting practice, policy and patients, in current efforts for colorectal cancer (CRC) disease control. The global burden of CRC is expected to increase by 60% to more than 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million deaths by 2030. CRC incidence and mortality rates vary up to 10-fold worldwide, which is thought to reflect variation in lifestyles, especially diet. Better primary prevention, and more effective early detection, in screening and surveillance, are needed to reduce the number of patients with CRC in future1. The risk factors for CRC development include genetic, behavioural, environmental and socio-economic factors. Changes to surveillance, which offer non-invasive testing and provide primary prevention interventions represent promising opportunities to improve outcomes and personalise care in those at risk of CRC. By systematic review of the literature, I highlight the gaps in comparative effectiveness analyses of post-polypectomy surveillance. Using micro-simulation methods I assess the role of non-invasive, faecal immunochemical testing in surveillance programmes, to optimise post-polypectomy surveillance programmes, and in an accompanying sub-study, I explore the value of adding an adjunct diet and lifestyle intervention. The acceptability of such revisions is exposed to patient preference evaluation by discrete choice experiment methods. These preferences are accompanied by evidence generated from the prospective evaluation of the health literacy, numeracy, sedentary behaviour levels, body mass index (BMI) and information provision about cancer risk factors, to highlight the potential opportunities for personalisation and optimisation of surveillance. Additional analysis examines the optimisation of a screening programme facing colonoscopy constraints, highlighting the attendant potential to reduce costs and save lives within current capacity.
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Duder, Sydney. "Cards, dice and lifestyles : gaming a guaranteed annual income." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72093.

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A simulation game was designed to examine the impact of a guaranteed annual income (GAI). The sample of 158 player-objects included factory and clerical workers, high school dropouts, single mothers, and CEGEP and university social work students. To establish the validity of the game, the working and spending behaviour of players was compared with results reported for the New Jersey negative income tax experiment, and found to be similar in a number of respects. The game also simulated two features not present in the New Jersey experiment: (a) variable labour-market conditions, and (b) comparison of a partial, time-limited GAI with a permanent, universal plan. For players on a GAI, working hours were significantly lower when fellow-players were not on a GAI than when they were. Results suggest that work effort may be related to comparisions with a reference group on visible consumer goods.
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Mrdalo, Zvonimir. "A comparison of the economic efficiency of the petroleum fiscal systems under uncertainty : a Monte Carlo simulation approach." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=189500.

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Curtis, J. Jeffrey. "Mixed structural models for decision making under uncertainty using stochastic system simulation and experimental economic methods : application to information security control choice." Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/80444/.

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This research is concerned with whether and to what extent information security managers may be biased in their evaluation of and decision making over the quantifiable risks posed by information management systems where the circumstances may be characterized by uncertainty in both the risk inputs (e.g. system threat and vulnerability factors) and outcomes (actual efficacy of the selected security controls and the resulting system performance and associated business impacts). Although ‘quantified security’ and any associated risk management remains problematic from both a theoretical and empirical perspective (Anderson 2001; Verendel 2009; Appari 2010), professional practitioners in the field of information security continue to advocate the consideration of quantitative models for risk analysis and management wherever possible because those models permit a reliable economic determination of optimal operational control decisions (Littlewood, Brocklehurst et al. 1993; Nicol, Sanders et al. 2004; Anderson and Moore 2006; Beautement, Coles et al. 2009; Anderson 2010; Beresnevichiene, Pym et al. 2010; Wolter and Reinecke 2010; Li, Parker et al. 2011) The main contribution of this thesis is to bring current quantitative economic methods and experimental choice models to the field of information security risk management to examine the potential for biased decision making by security practitioners, under conditions where information may be relatively objective or subjective and to demonstrate the potential for informing decision makers about these biases when making control decisions in a security context. No single quantitative security approach appears to have formally incorporated three key features of the security risk management problem addressed in this research: 1) the inherently stochastic nature of the information system inputs and outputs which contribute directly to decisional uncertainty (Conrad 2005; Wang, Chaudhury et al. 2008; Winkelvos, Rudolph et al. 2011); 2) the endogenous estimation of a decision maker’s risk attitude using models which otherwise typically assume risk neutrality or an inherent degree of risk aversion (Danielsson 2002; Harrison, Johnson et al. 2003); and 3) the application of structural modelling which allows for the possible combination and weighting between multiple latent models of choice (Harrison and Rutström 2009). The identification, decomposition and tractability of these decisional factors is of crucial importance to understanding the economic trade-offs inherent in security control choice under conditions of both risk and uncertainty, particularly where established psychological decisional biases such as ambiguity aversion (Ellsberg 1961) or loss aversion (Kahneman and Tversky 1984) may be assumed to be endemic to, if not magnified by, the institutional setting in which these decisions take place. Minimally, risk averse managers may simply be overspending on controls, overcompensating for anticipated losses that do not actually occur with the frequency or impact they imagine. On the other hand, risk-seeking managers, where they may exist (practitioners call them ‘cowboys’ – they are a familiar player in equally risky financial markets) may be simply gambling against ultimately losing odds, putting the entire firm at risk of potentially catastrophic security losses. Identifying and correcting for these scenarios would seem to be increasingly important for now universally networked business computing infrastructures. From a research design perspective, the field of behavioural economics has made significant and recent contributions to the empirical evaluation of psychological theories of decision making under uncertainty (Andersen, Harrison et al. 2007) and provides salient examples of lab experiments which can be used to elicit and isolate a range of latent decision-making behaviours for choice under risk and uncertainty within relatively controlled conditions versus those which might be obtainable in the field (Harrison and Rutström 2008). My research builds on recent work in the domain of information security control choice by 1) undertaking a series of lab experiments incorporating a stochastic model of a simulated information management system at risk which supports the generation of observational data derived from a range of security control choice decisions under both risk and uncertainty (Baldwin, Beres et al. 2011); and 2) modeling the resulting decisional biases using structural models of choice under risk and uncertainty (ElGamal and Grether 1995; Harrison and Rutström 2009; Keane 2010). The research contribution consists of the novel integration of a model of stochastic system risk and domain relevant structural utility modeling using a mixed model specification for estimation of the latent decision making behaviour. It is anticipated that the research results can be applied to the real world problem of ‘tuning’ quantitative information security risk management models to the decisional biases and characteristics of the decision maker (Abdellaoui and Munier 1998).
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Books on the topic "Economics – Simulation methods"

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Scarpa, Riccardo, and Anna Alberini, eds. Applications of Simulation Methods in Environmental and Resource Economics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3684-1.

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Papers in experimental economics. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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1944-, Shyam Sunder, ed. Experimental methods: A primer for economists. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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Economic-mathematical methods and models under uncertainty. Toronto: Apple Academic Press, 2013.

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1963-, Luna Francesco, and Perrone Alessandro, eds. Agent-based methods in economics and finance: Simulations in Swarm. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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Jing, Ping. Xun huan jing ji mo ni fang zhen xi tong she ji yu kai fa. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2009.

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1970-, Cassar Alessandra, and Selten Reinhard, eds. Economics lab: An intensive course in experimental economics. London: Routledge, 2004.

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Dagher, Magid A. Grain exporting economics: Port elevator cost simulations. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Cooperative Service, 1986.

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Nelson, Barry L. Foundations and Methods of Stochastic Simulation: A First Course. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013.

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Shingo, Takahashi, Sallach David L. 1945-, and Rouchier Juliette, eds. Advancing social simulation: The first world congress. New York: Springer, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economics – Simulation methods"

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Fagiolo, Giorgio, Mattia Guerini, Francesco Lamperti, Alessio Moneta, and Andrea Roventini. "Validation of Agent-Based Models in Economics and Finance." In Simulation Foundations, Methods and Applications, 763–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70766-2_31.

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Hemming, Tom. "Guide Lines for Testing Interactive Multicriterion Methods by Simulation." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 250–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46607-6_27.

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Rostek, Katarzyna, and Radosław Zając. "Simulation Modeling to Verify the Efficiency of Information Transfer." In Experimental and Quantitative Methods in Contemporary Economics, 217–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30251-1_16.

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Łatuszyńska, Małgorzata. "Hybrid System Dynamics—Agent-Based Simulation for Research in Economics and Business." In Experimental and Quantitative Methods in Contemporary Economics, 229–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30251-1_17.

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Juan, Angel A., Javier Faulin, Elena Pérez-Bernabeu, and Oscar Domínguez. "Simulation-Optimization Methods in Vehicle Routing Problems: A Literature Review and an Example." In Modeling and Simulation in Engineering, Economics, and Management, 115–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38279-6_13.

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Elouadih, Abdelhakim, Ahmed Oulad-Said, and Moha Mrabet Hassani. "Comparison between Two Methods for Characterization of a Patch Antenna Array: Experimental and by Simulation." In Modeling and Simulation in Engineering, Economics, and Management, 257–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38279-6_28.

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Furaiji, Fatimah, and Małgorzata Łatuszyńska. "Experimental Study of Consumer Behavior Using Agent-Based Simulation." In Problems, Methods and Tools in Experimental and Behavioral Economics, 167–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99187-0_13.

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Bertsch, Eberhard O., and Hans Laux. "Forecasting the Development of a German Building Society — Different Methods of Mathematical Approach and Computer Simulation." In Mathematical Modelling in Economics, 335–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78508-5_33.

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von Haefen, Roger H., and Daniel J. Phaneuf. "Kuhn-Tucker Demand System Approaches to Non-Market Valuation." In Applications of Simulation Methods in Environmental and Resource Economics, 135–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3684-1_8.

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Inoue, Hiroyasu. "Reactions of Economy Toward Various Disasters Estimated by Firm-Level Simulation." In Complexity, Heterogeneity, and the Methods of Statistical Physics in Economics, 253–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4806-2_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Economics – Simulation methods"

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Silva, Paulino. "Using Business Simulation Methodologies in Higher Education: Lessons Learned." In 1ST International Scientific Conference »Teaching Methods for Economics and Business Sciences«. University of Maribor Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-091-2.11.

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María Vallina-Hernández, Ana, Hanns De La Fuente-Mella, Jose Barrera, and Hugo Mansilla. "Active Learning Methods to Enhance Higher Education in Business." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002292.

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The environment of a knowledge society is dynamic, active, oriented towards innovation. Therefore, the development of skills for the 21st century, such as the fundamental ones, content, and professionals in the Business career, is becoming more critical. Furthermore, the active-cooperative methodologies take more prominence in developing an undergraduate career in business and economics, whose significant increases with the uncertainty, social, and environmental changes that the pandemic is causing.Business education always has the challenge to achieve that student comprehend business dynamics and have the notions of decision-making. Therefore, active learning methods have been used for a long time, especially the case-study method. This research aims to explore the effectiveness of simulation-role playing techniques versus more traditional methods such as lectures. This study analyzes the case of the Business Administration Career at the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, whose program changed in 2009, including the new approach of design courses under the learning-by-doing philosophy, focusing, in particular, in the course Simulación Empresarial (Entrepreneurship simulation). Thus, researching the effectiveness of this type of experience in higher education is a real contribution to the development of knowledge to obtain a quality education.This subject uses active-cooperative learning methods through simulation and role-playing techniques. The students integrate teams that correspond to a firm in the industry. Each one has an executive occupation. The team has to present “yearly results” and stand up to the company board (the professors). Thus, role-playing, simulation, and TICs are essential parts of the course. This paper explores indicators and relationships that allow comparing alumni performance from both curriculums, the one more focused on traditional methods, called Control Group (CG – generations from 2001-2008)), and the ones identified as Experimental Group (EG – generations 2009-2016). Hence, it will provide a methodology to replicate in other Business Schools or other college careers. Previous research shows that the role-playing methodology allows a more significant commitment of the students with the object of study and the development of the activities of the specialty. In this sense, a role-playing methodology complemented with simulation and TICs involves active-cooperative learning, which integrates all the knowledge and behavior obtained during the career. Furthermore, it implies that the student, in order to be able to deliver appropriate arguments that support his/her decisions as a manager. The methodology applied is quantitative research, using regression analysis. Tree-decision analysis complemented these results. Considering that it is an exploratory analysis, it is necessary to choose an indicator for performance. The dependent variable chosen is the Comprehensive Exam grade; this exam assesses all the career subjects in an integrated manner. The independent variables are related to entry conditions, such as a grade average in secondary education, university selection standardized test score, gender. In addition, grades obtained on the different lines of the study plan were calculated, such as finance, marketing, economics, math -statistics, and others. Finally, as a dichotomic variable, whether the student took the course Entrepreneurship Simulation or not, to identify whether he/she belongs to the control or the experimental group. Results obtained from the regression model are consistent with the ones attained using the tree-decision model. The control and experimental groups are very similar, so the different programs do not depend on their characteristics. The Comprehensive Exam grade depends directly, for both groups, from their performance in Economics and Marketing and negatively to whether they took Entrepreneurship Simulation, considering 95% confidence interval. The entry variables or gender makes no difference in the grade obtained in that examination. The univariate analysis outcome determines that the Comprehensive Exam and Entrepreneurship Simulation grades are not related.Consequently, further research is needed to measure the effectiveness of the subject under study. The exam grade may be significantly lower in younger generations because: it is more consistent with traditional methods; after approving Entrepreneurship Simulation, the students may feel that it is just a mere requirement; they specialize more in the course that they used to do in the previous plan; and, the course may develop more soft competencies that the exam does not measure.
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Cherdasa, Jeres Rorym, Tutuka Ariadji, Benyamin Sapiie, and Ucok W. R. Siagian. "Reservoir Management Optimization Model Employing Combination Deterministic and Probabilistic Approach for Carbon Sequestration Storage and Utilization: A Case Study from East Natuna." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204761-ms.

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Abstract East Natuna is well known for its huge natural gas reserves with a very high CO2 content. The appearance of CO2 content in an oil and gas field is always considered as waste material and will severely affect the economic value of the field. The higher the content, the more costly the process, both technically and environmentally. In this research, the newly proposed reservoir management approach called CSSU (Carbon Sequestration Storage and Utilization) method is trying to change the paradigm of CO2 from waste material into economic materials. The novelty of this research is the combined optimization of deterministic and stochastic methods with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to answer complex and non-linear problems in the CSSU (Carbon Sequestration Storage and Utilization) method. The CSSU method is an integration of geological, geophysical, reservoir engineering and engineering economics with the determination of technical and economic optimization of the use of CO2 produced as working fluid in a power generation system that has been conditioned through an injection-production system in geological formations. The CSSU research area is located in a sedimentary basin that has a giant gas field with 70% CO2 content. The Volumetric Storage Capacity for CO2 injection process in research area is 1,749.14 BCF or 94.01 MMTon which being calculated based on static modeling considering geological, geophysical and petrophysical aspects. A combination of Compositional, Geomechanics and Thermal reservoir simulation model had been conducted to determines the Storage Injection capacity and later to prove the CSSU method in which CO2 fluids will be utilized as working fluid, 1 case was built using 2 Injection Wells and 1 CO2 fluid Production Well. The simulation results show with 1 production well the total of CO2 fluid injected from 2 Injection wells can almost double the injection total capacity up to 1,150 BCF. The utilization of supercritical CO2 fluid as working fluid can produce 55 – 133.5 MMBTU/Day or 0.67 - 1.63 MW from 1 production well for 25 years timeframe. The CSSU method is optimized by deterministic and stochastic methods using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm by looking the technical and economical aspects. The technical optimization aspect is being analyzed by electricity production versus well counts. The economical optimization is being analyzed by operational expenditure saving versus well counts and electricity produced versus NPV 10%. From both aspects the 4 injector wells case and NPV 200.00 MM US$ gives the most optimum result within technically and economically. The CSSU economic model proved with CSSU scheme the economical value is being increased by 57 MMUS$ after operating cost efficiency due to the electricity savings, 92 MMUS$ due to Carbon Trading which resulting the NPV 10% is 172.77 MMUS$.
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Hampton, Thomas J., Mohamed El-Mandouh, Stevan Weber, Tirth Thaker, K. Patel, Barclay Macaul, and Jim Erdle. "Comparing Steam Flood Analytical and Simulation Models ~ Strengths and Limitations." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205369-ms.

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Abstract Mathematical Models are needed to aid in defining, analyzing, and quantifying solutions to design and manage steam floods. This paper discusses two main modeling methods – analytical and numerical simulation. Decisions as to which method to use and when to use them, requires an understanding of assumptions used, strengths, and limitations of each method. This paper presents advantages and disadvantages through comparison of analytical vs simulation when reservoir characterization becomes progressively more complex (dip, layering, heterogeneity between injector/producer, and reservoir thickness).While there are many analytical models, three analytical models are used for this paper:Marx & Langenheim, Modified Neuman, and Jeff Jones.The simulator used was CMG Stars on single pattern on both 5 Spot and 9 Spot patterns and Case 6 of 9 patterns, 5-Spot. Results were obtained using 6 different cases of varying reservoir properties based on Marx & Langenheim, Modified Neuman, and Jeff Jones models.Simulation was also done on each of the 6 cases, using Modified Neuman steam rates and then on Jeff Jones Steam rates using 9-Spot and 5-Spot patterns.This was done on predictive basis on inputs provided, without adjusting or history matching on analog or historical performance.Optimization runs using Particle Swarm Optimization was applied on one case in minimizing SOR and maximize NPV. Conclusion from comparing cases is that simulation is needed for complex geology, heterogeneity, and changes in layering. Also, simulation can be used for maximizing economics using AI based optimization tool. While understanding limitations, the analytical models are good for quick looks such as screening, scoping design, some surveillance, and for conceptual understanding of basic steam flood on uniform geologic properties. This paper is innovative in comparison of analytical models and simulation modeling.Results that quantify differences of oil rate, SOR, and injection rates (Neuman and Jeff Jones) impact on recovery factors is presented.
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Kruggel-Emden, Harald, Siegmar Wirtz, and Viktor Scherer. "Selection of Optimal Models for the Discrete Element Method: The Single Particle Perspective." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61042.

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Several processes in nature as well as many industrial applications involve static or dynamic granular materials. Granulates can adopt solid, liquid or gas like states and thereby reveal intriguing physical phenomena not observable in its versatility for any other form of matter. The frequent occurrence of phase transitions and the related characteristics thereby strongly affect their processing quality and economics. This situation demands for prediction methods for the behavior of granulates. In this context simulations provide a feasible alternative to experimental investigations. Several different simulation approaches are applicable to granular materials. The time-driven Discrete Element Method turns out to be the most complex but also as the most general method. The method has been used in a wide variety of scientific fields for more than thirty years. With the tremendous increase in available computer power, especially in the last years, the method is more and more developing to the state of the art simulation technique for granular materials. Despite of the long time of usage, model advances and theoretical and experimental studies are not harmonized in the different branches of application, providing potential for improvements. Therefore, the scope of this paper is a review of methods and models based on theoretical considerations and experimental data from literature. Through model advances it is intended to contribute to a general enhancement of techniques, which are then directly available for simulations.
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Malhotra, Sahil, Alejandro Lerza, and Sergio Cuervo. "Well Spacing and Stimulation Design Optimization in the Vaca Muerta Shale: Hydraulic Fracture Simulations on the Cloud." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204142-ms.

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Abstract Well spacing and stimulation design are amongst the highest impact design variables which can dictate the economics of an unconventional development. The objective of this paper is to showcase a numerical simulation workflow, with emphasis on the hydraulic fracture simulation methodology, which optimizes well spacing and completion design simultaneously. The workflow is deployed using Cloud Computing functionality, a step-change over past simulation methods. Workflow showcased in this paper covers the whole cycle of 1) petrophysical and geomechanical modeling, 2) hydraulic fracture simulations and 3) reservoir simulation modeling, followed by 4) design optimization using advanced non-linear methods. The focus of this paper is to discuss the hydraulic fracture simulation methods which are an integral part of this workflow. The workflow is deployed on a dataset from a multi-well pad completed in late 2018 targeting two landing zones in the Vaca Muerta shale play. On calibrated petrophysical and geomechanical model, hydraulic fracture simulations are conducted to map the stimulated rock around the wellbores. Finely gridded base model is utilized to capture the property variation between layers to estimate fracture height. The 3d discrete fracture network (DFN) built for the acreage is utilized to pick the natural fracture characteristics of the layers intersected by the wellbores. The methodology highlights advances over the past modeling approaches by including the variation of discrete fracture network between layers. The hydraulic fracture model in conjunction with reservoir flow simulation is used for history matching the production data. On the history matched model, a design of experiments (DOE) simulation study is conducted to quantify the impact of a wide range of well spacing and stimulation design variables. These simulations are facilitated by the recent deployments of cloud computing. Cloud computing allows parallel running of hundreds of hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulations, thereby allowing testing of many combinations of stimulation deigns and well spacing and reducing the effective run time from 3 months on a local machine to 1 week on the cloud. Output from the parallel simulations are fitted with a proxy model to finally select the well spacing and stimulation design variables that offer the minimum unit development cost i.e. capital cost-$ per EUR-bbl. The workflow illustrates that stimulation design and well spacing are interlinked to each other and need to be optimized simultaneously to maximize the economics of an unconventional asset. Using the workflow, the team identified development designs which increase EUR of a development area by 50-100% and reduce the unit development cost ($/bbl-EUR) by 10-30%.
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Potapenko, Dmitriy Ivanovich, Timothy Brian Hart, Paal Kibsgaard, George Alan Waters, Richard E. Lewis, Robert J. Utter, J. Ernest Brown, Salvador Ayala, Guy Thomas Goudy, and Henk H. Jelsma. "The First Application of a Novel Reservoir Simulation Technology Comprising Radial Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing in the Niobrara Shale." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200837-ms.

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Abstract A novel reservoir stimulation methodology combines oriented extended perforation tunnels of lengths up to 300 ft with specially designed hydraulic fracturing operations. The new stimulation methodology was introduced in the Florence Field in Colorado and primarily targeted the Niobrara Formation. The technology test included two vertical wells completed with two and five pairs, respectively, of extended perforation tunnels, each 300 ft in length, jetted using radial drilling technology. The jetting operation was followed by a fracture stimulation treatment. The orientation of the extended perforation tunnels and the design of the fracturing treatment were based on analysis of the geological data and were defined using geomechanical modeling as well as far-field and near-wellbore flow simulations. The use of radial drilling technology to create extended perforation tunnels for the vertical wells offered a cost-effective way to significantly increase the reservoir contact area ofthe wellbore, making it similar to that of horizontal wells in the area. The engineered fracture treatments were performed at low treating pressures, and low proppant and fluid volumes. The initial production rates of the two vertical wells included in this technology test exceeded expectations and are comparable to the initial production rate of the offset horizontal well that was completed in the same zone with significantly greatervolumes of proppant and fluid. The initial evaluation of the economic efficiency of this novel reservoir stimulation technology showed that its deploymentdelivered improved production rate to cost ratio for the second vertical well, compared to the reference horizontal well. Based on the test results from the two wells, we conclude that the proposed reservoir stimulation methodology leads to substantial improvements in well production performance compared to traditional reservoir stimulation methods. Both the applied cost-effective approach for increasing the reservoir contact and the significantly lower resource intensity required for the hydraulic fracturing treatment further improve the economic benefits of this methodology. This novel reservoir stimulation methodology opens the way for reconsidering well completion practices in the Niobrara Formation and holds significant potential for improving the hydrocarbon production economics in the Florence Field.
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Sierra, Javier. "Simulations as a Teaching Method in Public Economics." In 1ST International Scientific Conference »Teaching Methods for Economics and Business Sciences«. University of Maribor Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-091-2.9.

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Siyal, Amaar, Waleed AlAmeri, Emad W. Al-Shalabi, Shehzad Ahmed, Shehadeh K. Masalmeh, and Ali M. Al-Sumaiti. "New Insights into the Understanding of Capillary Trapping of Residual Oil in Carbonate Rocks Using Capillary Desaturation Curves." In SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212621-ms.

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Abstract Most of the oil remain trapped in the reservoir after both primary and secondary recovery stages. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques are usually implemented in the tertiary stage to recover the trapped oil. Accordingly, the inaccurate determination of residual oil saturation after waterflooding (Sorw) in the secondary stage affects the success and economics of the EOR processes in the tertiary stage. Thus, the capillary desaturation curve (CDC) is usually introduced as guidance to estimate the mobilized residual oil. The objectives of this study include determining the true Sorw for carbonate Indiana limestone outcrops under harsh conditions, then investigating the effect of trapping number, permeability, and initial oil saturation on Sorw, and finally characterizing the CDC for carbonate rocks by further reducing the Sorw using surfactant flooding. For this purpose, six carbonate Indiana limestone outcrop samples with different permeabilities (4-69 mD) and fluid samples i.e., field-representative oil, formation water, seawater, and surfactant solutions were utilized. The drainage process was performed systematically using a coreflooding system to establish initial water saturation by injecting heavy oil followed by crude oil and aging for two weeks. Afterward, all six cores were subjected to spontaneous imbibition using Amott cell. This was further followed by forced imbibition using both ultra-centrifuge and coreflooding systems for comparison purposes and achieving Sorw condition. Finally, forced imbibition was performed on all cores using coreflood to generate CDC using three different surfactants with varying IFT values. The results showed that all rock samples achieved initial water saturation (Swi) in the range of 18-32% with no correlation between Swi and rock permeability. In addition, spontaneous imbibition tests showed slight oil production which reflect the oil-wetness of these cores used. It was noted that this slight production varied among cores with the same rock permeability range, which indirectly indicating the existence of heterogeneity within each permeability range. Furthermore, Sorw of 20-30% was reached using ultra-centrifuge and coreflooding method, indicating no correlation of permeability with Sorw. Based on the CDC studies, the critical trapping number was in the range between 10−5 and 10−4 for the tested cores, which is higher than the reported values in literature (10−8 to 10−6). This work provides a new insight into the understanding of capillary trapping effect on residual oil using CDC in carbonates. The complications in carbonate rocks, including the complex nature of high heterogeneity, mixed-to-oil wettability, high temperature, and high salinity, render accurate determination of true Sorw is a challenge at lab-scale. Sorw determination and CDC characterization aid in EOR screening to find the effective and economically viable methods for production enhancement.
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Downey, Robert, Kiran Venepalli, and Jim Erdle. "Two Superior Shale Oil Enhanced Recovery Methods for the Utica Shale." In SPE Eastern Regional Meeting. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211887-ms.

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Abstract The Utica Shale is a very large, important oil and gas resource in the eastern United States. While gas production dominates, oil production from horizontal shale oil wells in the Utica has grown from 15 BOPD in June 2011 to a peak of 50,000 BOPD in September, 2019 with 2,485 horizontal shale oil wells in production. The Utica shale dips to the east, shallow in east-central Ohio to deep in western Pennsylvania. Likewise, hydrocarbons in the Utica trend from light oil with low GOR in eastern Ohio to dry gas in western Pennsylvania. Liquid hydrocarbons are produced from the shale via solution gas drive. The shallow, black oil area of the play has to date been noncommercial. A recent enhanced oil recovery test in the shallow black oil area of the Utica has provided encouraging results. Our objective is to introduce two novel EOR processes that can greatly increase the production and recovery of oil and gas from the Utica shale, while reducing the cost per barrel of recovered oil, and reducing GHG emissions and water consumption/production/disposal. Two superior shale oil EOR methods are proposed that utilize a triplex pump to inject a solvent liquid into the shale oil reservoir, and an efficient method to recover the injectant at the surface, for storage and reinjection. One of the methods also incorporates the application of rock mechanics to further enhance oil and gas recovery. The processes are designed and integrated during operation using compositional reservoir simulation in order to optimize oil recovery. Compositional simulation model of a Utica shale horizontal well producing rich gas condensate was conducted to obtain a history match on oil, gas, and water production. The matched model was then utilized to evaluate two novel shale oil EOR methods under a variety of operating conditions. The modeling indicates that for this particular well, incremental oil production of 500% over primary EUR may be achieved in the first five years of EOR operation via the SuperEOR method. A further enhanced EOR method, UltraEOR, is shown to potentially increase oil recovery by 850% in the first five years of EOR operation, and as much as 1100% after 12 years. These methods, which are patent-pending, have numerous advantages over cyclic gas injection, such as much greater oil recovery, much better economics/lower cost per barrel, reduced gas containment issues, use of far less horsepower and fuel, shorter injection time, longer production time, smaller injection volumes, scalability, faster implementation, precludes the need for artificial lift, elimination of the need to buy and sell injectant during each cycle, ability to optimize each cycle by integration with compositional reservoir simulation modeling, and lower emissions. These superior shale oil EOR methods have been modeled in seven major US shale oil plays, indicating large incremental oil recovery potential. Core tests have confirmed the SuperEOR modeling results and demonstrated high oil recovery, and field tests have been successfully completed that confirm reservoir simulation modelling projections. If implemented early in the life of a shale oil well, application of these processes can slow the production decline rate, recover far more oil earlier and at lower cost, greatly improve profitability and extend the life of the well by several years, while precluding the need for artificial lift.
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Reports on the topic "Economics – Simulation methods"

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Соловйов, Володимир Миколайович, and D. N. Chabanenko. Financial crisis phenomena: analysis, simulation and prediction. Econophysic’s approach. Гумбольдт-Клуб Україна, November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1138.

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With the beginning of the global financial crisis, which attracts the attention of the international community, the inability of existing methods to predict the events became obvious. Creation, testing, adaptation of the models to the concrete financial market segments for the purpose of monitoring, early prediction, prevention and notification of financial crises is gaining currency nowadays. Econophysics is an interdisciplinary research field, applying theories and methods originally developed by physicists in order to solve problems in economics, usually those including uncertainty or stochastic processes and nonlinear dynamics. Its application to the study of financial markets has also been termed statistical finance referring to its roots in statistical physics. The new paradigm of relativistic quantum econophysics is proposed.
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Khvostina, Inesa, Serhiy Semerikov, Oleh Yatsiuk, Nadiia Daliak, Olha Romanko, and Ekaterina Shmeltser. Casual analysis of financial and operational risks of oil and gas companies in condition of emergent economy. [б. в.], October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4120.

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The need to control the risk that accompanies businesses in their day- to-day operations, and at the same time changing economic conditions make risk management an almost indispensable element of economic life. Selection of the main aspects of the selected phases of the risk management process: risk identification and risk assessment are related to their direct relationship with the subject matter (risk identification to be managed; risk analysis leading to the establishment of a risk hierarchy, and, consequently, the definition of risk control’ methods) and its purpose (bringing the risk to acceptable level). It is impossible to identify the basic patterns of development of the oil and gas industry without exploring the relationship between economic processes and enterprise risks. The latter are subject to simulation, and based on models it is possible to determine with certain probability whether there have been qualitative and quantitative changes in the processes, in their mutual influence on each other, etc. The work is devoted to exploring the possibilities of applying the Granger test to examine the causal relationship between the risks and obligations of oil and gas companies. The analysis is based on statistical tests and the use of linear regression models.
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Shmulevich, Itzhak, Shrini Upadhyaya, Dror Rubinstein, Zvika Asaf, and Jeffrey P. Mitchell. Developing Simulation Tool for the Prediction of Cohesive Behavior Agricultural Materials Using Discrete Element Modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697108.bard.

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The underlying similarity between soils, grains, fertilizers, concentrated animal feed, pellets, and mixtures is that they are all granular materials used in agriculture. Modeling such materials is a complex process due to the spatial variability of such media, the origin of the material (natural or biological), the nonlinearity of these materials, the contact phenomenon and flow that occur at the interface zone and between these granular materials, as well as the dynamic effect of the interaction process. The lack of a tool for studying such materials has limited the understanding of the phenomena relevant to them, which in turn has led to energy loss and poor quality products. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable prediction simulation tool for cohesive agricultural particle materials using Discrete Element Modeling (DEM). The specific objectives of this study were (1) to develop and verify a 3D cohesionless agricultural soil-tillage tool interaction model that enables the prediction of displacement and flow in the soil media, as well as forces acting on various tillage tools, using the discrete element method; (2) to develop a micro model for the DEM formulation by creating a cohesive contact model based on liquid bridge forces for various agriculture materials; (3) to extend the model to include both plastic and cohesive behavior of various materials, such as grain and soil structures (e.g., compaction level), textures (e.g., clay, loam, several grains), and moisture contents; (4) to develop a method to obtain the parameters for the cohesion contact model to represent specific materials. A DEM model was developed that can represent both plastic and cohesive behavior of soil. Soil cohesive behavior was achieved by considering tensile force between elements. The developed DEM model well represented the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force. Laboratory test results showed that wedge penetration resistance in highly compacted soil was two times greater than that in low compacted soil, whereas DEM simulation with parameters obtained from the test of low compacted soil could not simply be extended to that of high compacted soil. The modified model took into account soil failure strength that could be changed with soil compaction. A three dimensional representation composed of normal displacement, shear failure strength and tensile failure strength was proposed to design mechanical properties between elements. The model based on the liquid bridge theory. An inter particle tension force measurement tool was developed and calibrated A comprehensive study of the parameters of the contact model for the DEM taking into account the cohesive/water-bridge was performed on various agricultural grains using this measurement tool. The modified DEM model was compared and validated against the test results. With the newly developed model and procedure for determination of DEM parameters, we could reproduce the high compacted soil behavior and reaction forces both qualitatively and quantitatively for the soil conditions and wedge shapes used in this study. Moreover, the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force was well represented with the same parameters. During the research we made use of the commercial PFC3D to analyze soil tillage implements. An investigation was made of three different head drillers. A comparison of three commonly used soil tillage systems was completed, such as moldboard plow, disc plow and chisel plow. It can be concluded that the soil condition after plowing by the specific implement can be predicted by the DEM model. The chisel plow is the most economic tool for increasing soil porosity. The moldboard is the best tool for soil manipulation. It can be concluded that the discrete element simulation can be used as a reliable engineering tool for soil-implement interaction quantitatively and qualitatively.
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STRENGTHENING DESIGN AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN STRUCTURE FOR AN INDUSTRIAL WORKSHOP WHEN EQUIPMENT CHANGED. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.054.

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It always happens that the real information of the purchased equipment is inconsistent with the one used during the designing process of industrial constructions. Then, the structure engineer should make the decision of the strengthening method, considering the situation of the construction progress of the program, the influence region of the equipment, the degree of difficulty of the modification of the main structure, etc, which should be safety, suitable and economic. This paper introduced the design of reinforcement of an industrial construction when equipment changed. Considering the main structure is already finished the interfered lattice column was strengthened first, then a specially shaped lattice column was formed after one leg of the column was cut. Construction simulation analysis was considered by using ANASYS to restore the real progress of the strengthening. The calculation results can be used to check the bearing capacity of the specially shaped lattice column.The method mentioned in this paper could be referred by relevant projects.
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