Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economics/products liability

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Economics/products liability'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Economics/products liability"

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Klement, Alon, and Zvika Neeman. "Products Liability, Signaling and Disclosure." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics JITE 164, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/093245608783742129.

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Daughety, Andrew F., and Jennifer F. Reinganum. "Products Liability, Signaling and Disclosure." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics JITE 164, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 106–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/093245608783742174.

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Che, Yeon-Koo. "Products Liability, Signaling and Disclosure." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics JITE 164, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/093245608783742183.

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Daughety, Andrew F., and Jennifer F. Reinganum. "Products Liability, Signaling and Disclosure." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 164, no. 1 (2008): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/jite-2008-0005.

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Che, Yeon-Koo. "Products Liability, Signaling and Disclosure." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 164, no. 1 (2008): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/jite-2008-0006.

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Klement, Alon, and Zvika Neeman. "Products Liability, Signaling and Disclosure." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 164, no. 1 (2008): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/jite-2008-0007.

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Wilhelmsson, Thomas. "Products liability in Finland — A maximalist version of the products liability directive." Journal of Consumer Policy 14, no. 1 (March 1991): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00380273.

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Wiener, Joshua Lyle, Allen Saviers, and Fred Morgan. "Book Review: Reforming Products Liability." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 12, no. 2 (September 1993): 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569101200215.

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Tsvetanov, Tsvetan, Thomas J. Miceli, and Kathleen Segerson. "Products liability with temptation bias." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 186 (June 2021): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.03.028.

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Dugan, Candace Croucher. "Advertising, the Consumer Researcher and Products Liability." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 8, no. 1 (January 1989): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391568900800115.

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When a product's advertising is introduced in a products liability suit, marketers and consumer researchers can assist both the attorneys and the judge in interpreting its significance. Did the consumer rely on misleading advertising? Did this reliance cause the injury? Appropriate market research can help answer such questions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economics/products liability"

1

Assaf, G. B. "The economics of products liability : An application of economics to law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381769.

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MacDonald, Myles R. "A New Experiment on Rational Behavior." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/133.

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Behavioral economics is widely recognized as a rising field in economics, one whose discoveries and implications are not yet completed or understood. At the same time, economic theory plays an enormous role in our governmental and legal system. In particular, the Coase Theorem and its implications have affected nearly every area in the field of law and economics. This paper proposes a experimental test of Coasean bargaining in situations using two competitive players whose payoffs depend on minimizing their costs of mitigating the externality. A rational player’s action can be predicted ahead of time, and the rationality of the game’s outcome can be objectively measured. If behavioral effects found in consumer goods situations by other experimenters carry over to competitive business situations, then a substantial review of law regarding such situations is in order.
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Skukauskaitė, Neringa. "Gamintojo ir paslaugų teikėjo atleidimo nuo atsakomybės už žalą, padarytą dėl nekokybiškų produktų ar paslaugų, pagrindai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060509_114128-95940.

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This work analyses producer‘s and service supplier‘s grounds of exoneration from liability for damage, caused by defective products and services. Author presents the conception of producer‘s and service supplier‘s exonerating grounds and designates their place in Lithuanian civil liability system. Thurthermore, work presents an explanation of relationship between circumstances exonerating from liability those of defective product producer and defective service supplier, also their relationship with other circumstances exonerating from civil liabity.
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Klausner, Eduardo Antônio. "Para uma teoria do direito internacional do consumidor: a proteção do consumidor no livre comércio internacional." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2401.

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O consumidor é o agente vulnerável na relação de consumo internacional. O processo de globalização se apresenta, para o consumidor, como uma globalização do consumo. A globalização do consumo se caracteriza pelo comércio e fornecimento internacional de produtos e serviços por empresários/fornecedores transnacionais/globais, utilizando marcas de renome mundial, acessíveis a todos os consumidores do planeta, e agrava a vulnerabilidade do consumidor no mercado. A proteção jurídica do consumidor internacional é uma necessidade que os sistemas jurídicos nacionais não se mostram aptos a prover adequadamente, assim como o Direito Internacional também não. A presente tese demonstra a deficiência da Ciência do Direito na proteção do consumidor no contexto da globalização; demonstra como o próprio comércio internacional é prejudicado ao não priorizar de maneira absoluta e efetiva a proteção do consumidor na OMC, bem como ao mostrar-se apático diante dos diferentes níveis de proteção proporcionada aos consumidores em cada diferente sistema jurídico nacional; demonstra, também, como a proteção do consumidor de maneira uniforme e global por um direito comum aos Estados é possível e será capaz de tornar mais eficiente economicamente o processo de globalização do consumo, ao encorajar a participação mais intensa do consumidor no mercado internacional; e propõe a construção de um novo ramo do Direito dedicado ao problema, o Direito Internacional do Consumidor (DIC), por meio da elaboração de uma Teoria do Direito Internacional do Consumidor. O Direito Internacional do Consumidor pretende ser um direito comum e universal de proteção ao consumidor, fundado em métodos, conceitos, institutos, normas e princípios jurídicos universais. O DIC dialogará com outros ramos do Direito Público e Privado, especialmente o Direito Internacional Econômico, o Direito Internacional do Comércio, o Direito Internacional Privado, o Direito Processual Civil Internacional, e o Direito do Consumidor. Pretende-se com isto atender ao ideal de promover o livre comércio internacional com respeito aos Direitos Humanos.
The consumer is the weak party in the cross-border consumer relation. The globalization process presents itself for the consumer as a globalization of consumers relations. The globalization of consumers relations is defined by international commerce and supply of products and services by transnational/global entrepreneurs/ suppliers, using global renowned brands names, available for all consumers of the planet, aggravating the consumers vulnerability in the market. The juridical international consumers protection is a necessity that has not been properly dealt with neither by the national legal systems nor by International Law. The present thesis shows the deficiency of Juridical Science to consumers protection in a globalization context; it shows how international commerce suffers harms when it does not prioritize the consumers protection in WTO, and when it has no reaction against different consumers protections levels by the distinct national legislation; it also shows, how consumers protection by a global and uniform law for all States is possible and can be more economically efficient for the process of globalization of consumers relations, because it encourages a intensive consumer participation in the international market; and proposes to build a new branch of law dedicated to the problem, the International Consumer Law (ICL), by a Theory of International Consumer Law. The International Consumer Law intends to be a general and universal law about consumers protection, based on universal methods, concepts, institutes, rules and principles. The ICL is going to dialogue with others branches of law, specially with International Economic Law, Global Trade Law, Private International Law (Conflict of Laws), Transnational Litigation Law, Consumer Protection Law and Products Liability Law. The intention of this thesis is to deal with the ideal of promoting free international trade taking into account respect for humans rights.
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.

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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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Botha, Annerie. "Analysing South African individuals' behaviour regarding liability usages." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18988.

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In South Africa household debt has increased rapidly over the past few years, therefore illustrating the importance of analysing liability usage behaviour of individual members within the household. In order to comprehend the behaviour of South Africans regarding liability usages, this study provides insight into why individuals find it necessary to obtain liability products as well as to indicate whether liability products are used to address the financial needs for the purpose it was developed for. To achieve the aim of this study, it was firstly necessary to develop a theoretical framework for the process of selecting credit products when satisfying financial needs. Secondly, the characteristics and intended usage purposes of different credit products available in South Africa were discussed and a debt classification framework was developed. Finally, data obtained from the Finscope South Africa survey was analysed according to the developed frameworks following a combination of two approaches. Firstly, a qualitative approach was used to identify the different financial needs which are satisfied when using liabilities. The financial needs identified were classified according to Alderfer’s existence relatedness growth (ERG) theory and the factors that have an influence on liability usage. Secondly, a quantitative approach was followed to indicate which financial needs are fulfilled when using different credit products. The results of this study suggest that individuals do not use liabilities only for the purpose what the products were originally developed for. The findings clearly indicated that individuals mainly use liabilities to satisfy basic needs which are classified as existence needs according to Alderfer’s ERG theory. Based on the data analysis a variety of factors such as access to credit and certain demographic characteristics have an influence on liability usage behaviour of individuals. The results further show that individuals mainly use informal, unsecured, short-term loans when satisfying their financial needs which might indicate that South Africans are unable to access formal credit products.
Financial Accounting
M. Phil. (Accounting Science)
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Saraiva, David Emanuel Chiquita. "A tutela preventiva da responsabilidade civil." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15184.

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The contemporary society is characterized by high risks. Today, the prevention of damages is as important as compensation. This is due to the fact that the potentiality of several damages is not in line with compensation, because often compensation proves to be impossible. Civil law should be at the service of the citizens, which explains that the heart of the institution of non-contractual liability has gradually moved towards the victim's protection. It is requested from Tort law an active attitude that seeks to avoid damages, reducing its dimension and frequency. The imputation by risk proves to be necessary and useful in the present context as it demonstrates the ability to model behaviors, functioning as a warning for agents engaged in hazardous activities. Economically, it seeks to prevent socially inefficient behaviors. Strict liability assumes notorious importance as a deterrent and in the dispersion of damage by society. The paradigm of the imputation founded on fault has proved insufficient for the effective protection of the interests of the citizens, particularly if based in an anachronistic vision of the concept of fault. Prevention arises in several areas, especially in environmental liability, producer liability and liability based on infringement of copyright and rights relating to the personality. To overcome the damage as the gauge for compensation does not inevitably mean the recognition of the punitive approach. Prevention should not be confused with reactive/punitive objectives. The deterrence of unlawful conduct is not subordinated to punishment.
A sociedade contemporânea carateriza-se pelo elevado nível de riscos. Hoje, tão importante como o ressarcimento é a prevenção dos danos. Visto que, a potencialidade de diversos danos não se coaduna com a reparação, pois muitas vezes esta revela-se impossível. O atual Direito Civil deve estar ao serviço das pessoas, desta forma o cerne do instituto tem-se vindo a vocacionar progressivamente para o lesado. Solicita-se à responsabilidade civil uma atitude ativa que procure evitar os danos, reduzindo a sua dimensão e frequência. A imputação pelo risco revela-se necessária e útil no contexto atual ao demonstrar capacidade para modelar comportamentos, funcionando como um aviso de cautela para os agentes que desenvolvem atividades perigosas. Economicamente, pretende prevenir-se comportamentos socialmente ineficientes, assumindo notória importância a responsabilidade objetiva enquanto fator de dissuasão e de dispersão dos danos pela sociedade. O paradigma da imputação fundada na culpa demonstra-se insuficiente para a efetiva tutela dos interesses dos cidadãos, especialmente se se adotar uma visão anacrónica do conceito de culpa. A prevenção floresce em áreas diversas, especialmente no âmbito da responsabilidade ambiental, do produtor, decorrente da violação de direitos de propriedade intelectual e de direitos de personalidade. A superação do dano enquanto bitola da indemnização não significa necessariamente o reconhecimento da vertente punitiva. A prevenção não se confunde com objetivos reativos/repressivos, a dissuasão de comportamentos ilícitos não está subordinada à punição.
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Books on the topic "Economics/products liability"

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Product liability and the economics of pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, Institute for Civil Justice, 1993.

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Kerton, Robert R. Quality, choice, and the economics of concealment: The marketing of lemons. [Toronto, Ont.]: Canadian Law and Economics Association c/o Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1994.

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Braddock, Richard. Product liability: Economic impacts. Sydney, N.S.W: Australian Law Reform Commission, 1989.

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Reforming products liability. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1991.

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Principles of products liability. 2nd ed. New York, N.Y: Foundation Press Thomson/West, 2011.

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Coleman, Jules L. A market approach to products in liability reform. St. Louis (Campus Box 1208, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis 63130-4899): Center for the Study of American Business, 1989.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization. The liability insurance crisis: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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United, States Congress Senate Committee on Commerce Science and Transportation. Product liability: Hearing before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session, March 4, 1997. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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J, Moore Michael. Product liability entering the twenty-first century: The U.S. perspective. Washington, D.C: AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies, 2001.

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Wischermann, Barbara. Produzentenhaftung und Risikobewältigung: Eine ökonomische Analyse. München: VVF, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economics/products liability"

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Viscusi, W. Kip. "Products Liability." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law, 1531–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74173-1_293.

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Robson, Alex. "Markets for Potentially Harmful Goods — The Economics of Product Liability Rules." In Law and Markets, 161–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230354944_6.

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Evans, J. D. "Liability Arising from the Administration of Blood and Blood Products within the European Economic Community." In Transfusion Medicine: Fact and Fiction, 49–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3504-1_8.

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van Strien, Marjorie, and Jan Schmidt-Burbach. "Promoting elephant-friendly tourism." In The elephant tourism business, 247–58. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245868.0020.

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Abstract The village of Sauraha in Nepal is a principal entry point to Chitwan National Park and has been influenced by multiple events over the past few years, affecting the local tourism dynamics and specific tourism products like elephant-back safaris. The global debate on animal welfare visibly influences the local market dynamics for elephant safaris. At the same time, there are other local factors at play that may be of stronger influence. The destination has been affected by local political and economic challenges that have increased cost of operations, intensified competition and challenged potential visitors. Furthermore, Sauraha is attracting emerging markets with different values and expectations in comparison with the traditional markets and which are charged lower prices for services. This chapter explores the impact of these recent events facing the destination Sauraha and reveals how understanding this is key to informing a tailor-made strategy to improve welfare for captive elephants. This research was conducted in the context of an ongoing partnership between World Animal Protection and the Elephant Owners' Association of Sauraha, and involved interviews with stakeholders in Sauraha and Kathmandu, as well as a visitor survey. Findings show that there is an increasing interest among private elephant owners to consider alternative management styles, especially to alleviate personal liability.
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Geistfeld, Mark A. "Products liability." In Tort Law and Economics. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781848447301.00021.

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"1. Products Liability." In The Economic Approach to Law, Third Edition, 58–73. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503604575-017.

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Fairgrieve, Duncan, and Richard Goldberg. "The Liability in Negligence of Persons Other than Producers." In Product Liability. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679232.003.0018.

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Although this book is concerned primarily with the contractual liability of sellers of goods and with the liability in tort of manufacturers, we include here reference to other persons who may incur liability for defective products. The contractual liability of persons other than sellers has already been noted. Persons other than manufacturers who may incur liability in tort include retailers and persons who hire out or provide services involving the use of a product; donors and gratuitous bailors; wholesalers and importers; those who repair, service, recondition, assemble, install, or carry out work on a product; and probably also such persons or bodies as inspectors, engineers, testing agencies, and endorsers or certifiers of safety or quality. Finally, reference is made to the position of building contractors and builder-vendors. The discussion generally assumes that the claimant is suing in respect of personal injury or perhaps property damage, rather than economic loss simpliciter.
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"Consumer Sales Law from an Economic Perspective." In European Perspectives on Producers' Liability. Berlin, New York: Sellier de Gruyter, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783866538627.2.125.

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"10. Products Liability and Industrial-Accident Law." In The Economic Structure of Tort Law, 273–311. Harvard University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674864030.c10.

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Zamir, Eyal, and Doron Teichman. "Tort Law." In Behavioral Law and Economics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901349.003.0010.

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This chapter presents an overview of the behavioral analysis of tort law. It begins by presenting a summary of traditional economic analysis of tort law. That done, it examines various tort regimes (i.e., negligence and strict liability), as well as alternative legal regimes that base liability on the creation of risk rather than the materialization of harm, in light of the bounded rationality of potential tortfeasors and adjudicators. The chapter further explores the implications of behavioral findings for the calculation of damages in tort cases. Finally, it addresses the topic of product liability law, and highlights the ramifications of consumers’ bounded rationality for this area of law.
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Conference papers on the topic "Economics/products liability"

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Noneva-Zlatkova, Yordanka. "PROTECTION OF CREDITORS’ RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF AN EVOLVING INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT UNDER EU LAW." In 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2020.179.

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In the post-global economic and financial crisis, Europe is suffering from significantly low levels of investment. This applies both to national level in the individual Member States and to those with a supranational scope. For this reason, the EC tried to stimulate the development of any investment initiative through the Juncker Plan, which is based on three pillars: the European Fund for Strategic Investments, the European Investment Advisory Center and the European Investment Projects Portal, and third, improving the business environment by removing regulatory barriers to investment at national and European level. Policies in this direction will continue and build on over the period 2021-2027 through the InvestEU program, which aims to continue to support increased investment, innovation and job creation in Europe. The process of implementation of each such initiative directly affects the individual legal and natural persons as investors who enter different bond relations, which have both national and international dimension. The development of new investment products and instruments would be unthinkable without the Bank’s involvement as a major creditor in the implementation of investment projects. This fact shows that it is necessary to examine the legal guarantees for the protection of creditors in these relationships in case of possible threat the debtor to damage the creditor in case of unfavourable development of the respective investment initiative. This paper will justify the significance and the peculiarities of Paul’s claim as a means of protecting creditors in the context of a developing EU investment environment and its legal framework. This method of preventing the decline of the asset and / or the increase of the liability of the debtor’s property is characterized by extreme persistence over time as a legal institution that originated in the Roman era and has survived to the present without losing its significance.
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Ross, Kenneth. "Product liability prevention: Even more important in tough economic times." In 2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering (PSES). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pses.2009.5356017.

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Waters, Steven. "Patents Through the Economics Lens: Valuing, Protecting, and Defending." In ASME 2010 5th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2010-32081.

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Patents are granted as a way to spur innovation yet profiting from that innovation can be a challenge. Many patents never make it to market and, of those that do, there are those that are infringed and others that face product liability issues. Standing at the head of all these issues is the value of the patent. The more valuable the patent is the more likely it will be that capital can be raised and the idea/product will be brought to market. However, the flip side of the valuable patent coin is the increased probability that someone will infringe the patent; and, in the event of product liability allegations, a valuable patent sends a signal that there are deep pockets for a law suit. In this presentation, economic factors will be considered that affect valuing, protecting, and defending a patent.
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Horsch, A. "Non-Destructive Hardness/Microstructure Testing of Heat-Treated Parts by Mass Production, with Multiple Frequency Magnetic Induction Method." In HT2019. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2019p0185.

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Abstract Increasing quality demands, new product liability regulations, as well as international market networks force manufacturers to take special measures encompassing the field of material testing. Nowadays, specified tolerances are extremely small. Therefore, processes have to include the conducting of 100% material, structure and hardening tests on a fast, reliable and simple basis. The technology applied must be the latest state of art, it must comply with maximum safety requirements and be economical.
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M. Hilger, Andreas, Thomas Steger, and Zlatko Nedelko. "Market Entries of Emnes in Developed Markets – A Case Study from Slovenia and Germany." In 5th International Scientific Conference 2021. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-464-4.7.

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To get an insight into internalization processes of Slovenian MNEs and particularly to their activities in Germany, we adopted a distinctively qualitative approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with key actors of five major Slovene companies we used as case studies. Our study shows that several major assumptions regarding frontier and emerging market MNE international activities do not fit to Slovene companies. They were found to act as innovation leaders with high quality products and services, as well as with competitive pricing, as long as their technological capabilities are competitive. The liability of foreignness as well as the liability of country of origin are steeply declining with increasing technological capabilities in Slovene EMNEs. They also showed high institutional familiarity and suffered little from uncertainty. Our study also shows that Slovene companies partially show competitive advantages compared to their German counterparts. Moreover, our findings confirm that economic liberalization, in this case Slovenia’s entry into the European common market, is a significant force driving company growth and internationalization. Thereby, this study presents generalizable insights into the internationalization process from Central and Eastern Europe and anywhere where large multinationals are scarce yet.
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Lonia, B., N. K. Nayar, S. B. Singh, and P. L. Bali. "Techno Economic Aspects of Power Generation From Agriwaste in India." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-170.

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The agricultural operations in India are suffering from a serious problem of shortage of electrical power on one side and economic and effective disposal of agriwaste stuff on the other. India being agriculture based country, 70% of its main income (share in GDP) comes from agriculture sector. Any enhancement of income from this sector is based upon adequate supply of basic inputs in this sector. Regular and adequate power supply is one such input. But, the position of power supply in our country defies both these characteristics. With a major portion of power produced being sent to the industrial and urban consumers, there is a perennial shortage of power in the agriculture sector. Consequently, there is an emergent need to produce more power in order to fulfil the needs of this sector effectively. One way of accomplishing this is setting up captive, preferably rural based, small power generation plants. In these power plants, instead of water-head, diesel oil or coal, we can use agri-residue to produce electricity. One such power plant (1–2 MW capacity) can satisfy the power need of 25 to 40 nearby villages. The agriwaste like rice straw, sugarcane-trash, coir-pith, peanut shells, wheat stalks & straw, cottonseed, stalks and husk, soyabean stalks, maize stalks & cobs, sorghum. Bagasse, wallnut shells, sunflower seeds, shells, hulls and kernels and coconut husk, wastewood and saw dust can be fruitfully utilized in power generation. This stuff is otherwise a waste and liability and consumes a lot of effort on its disposal; in addition to being a fire and health hazard. Agriwaste stuff which at present is available in abundance and prospects of its utilization in producing energy are enormous. This material can be procured at reasonably low rates from the farmers who will thus be benefited economically, apart from being relieved of the responsibility of its disposal. Agri-residue has traditionally been a major source of heat energy in rural areas in India. It is a valuable fuel even in the sub-urban areas. Inspite of rapid increase in the supply of, access lo and use of fossil fuels, agri-residue is likely to continue to play an important role, in the foreseeable future. Therefore, developing and promoting techno-economically-viable technologies to utilize agri-residue efficiently should be a persuit of high priority. Though there is no authentic data available with regard to the exact quantity of agricultural and agro-industrial residues, its rough estimate has been put at about 350 mt per annum. It is also estimated that the total cattle refuse generated is nearly 250 mt per year. Further, nearly 20% of the total land is under forest cover, which produces approximately 50 mt of fuel wood and with associated forest waste of about 5 mt.(1). Taking into account the utilization of even a portion (say 30%) of this agri-residue & agro-industrial waste as well as energy plantation on one million hectare (mha) of wastelands for power generation through bioenergy technologies, a potential of some 18000 MW of power has been estimated. From the foregoing, it is clear that there is an enormous untapped potential for energy generation from agri-residue. What is required is an immediate and urgent intensification of dedicated efforts in this field, with a view to bringing down the unit energy cost and improving efficiency and reliability of agri-waste production, conversion and utilisation, leading to subsequent saving of fossil fuels for other pressing applications. The new initiatives in national energy policy are most urgently needed to accelerate the social and economic development of the rural areas. It demands a substantial increase in production and consumption of energy for productive purposes. Such initiatives are vital for promoting the goals of sustainability. cleaner production and reduction of long-term risks of environmental pollution and consequent adverse climatic changes in future. A much needed significant social, economic and industrial development has yet to take place in large parts of rural India; be it North, West, East or South. It can be well appreciated that a conscious management of agri-residue, which is otherwise a serious liability of the farmer, through its economic conversion into electric power can offer a reasonably viable solution to our developmental needs. This vision will have to be converted into a reality within a decade or so through dedicated and planned R&D work in this area. There is a shimmering promise that the whole process of harvesting, collection, transport and economic processing and utilisation of agri-waste can be made technically and economically more viable in future. Thus, the foregoing paras amply highlight the value of agri-residue as a prospective source of electric power, particularly for supplementing the main grid during the lean supply periods or peak load hours and also for serving the remote areas in the form of stand-alone units giving a boost to decentralised power supply. This approach and option seems to be positive in view of its potential contribution to our economic and social development. No doubt, this initiative needs to be backed and perused rigorously for removing regional imbalances as well as strengthening National economy. This paper reviews the current situation with regards to generation of agriwaste and its prospects of economic conversion into electrical power, technologies presently available for this purpose, and the problems faced in such efforts. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to devise ways and means for generating electrical power from agriwaste; keeping in mind the requirements of cleaner production and environmental protection so that the initiative leads to a total solution.
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Al-Azmi, Ali Abdullah, Thanyan Ahmed Al-Yaqout, Dalal Yousef Al-Jutaili, Kutbuddin Bhatia, Amr Abdelbaky, and Alaa Alboueshi. "Application of Specially Designed Polymers in High Water Cut Wells- A Holistic Well-Intervention Technology Applied in Umm Gudair Field, Kuwait." In SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200957-ms.

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Abstract Excessive water production from hydrocarbon reservoirs is a serious issue faced by the industry, particularly for mature fields. Higher water cut adversely affects the economics of the producing wells, thus it is undesirable. Disposal and reinjection of ever-increasing volumes of produced water poses additional liability. A significant challenge faced in the mature Umm Gudair field is assuring hydrocarbon flow through high water-prone intervals. In recent times, field development strategies have begun to prioritize new well intervention technology because of the advantages of minimized water cut, higher production rates, and improved overall reserve recovery (hydrocarbon in place). This paper discusses the field implementation of a downhole chemical methodology, "first of its kind" designed and applied, that has created a positive impact in overall productivity. To solve these challenges, the treatment was highly modified as fit-for-purpose to address the unique challenges of electric submersible pump (ESP)-driven well operations, formation technical difficulties, high-stakes economics, and high-water potential from these formations. A unique Organically Crosslinked Polymer (OCP) system with a tail-in Rigid Setting Material (RSM) system was implemented as a porosity-fill sealant in a high-water-cut well to selectively reduce water production. A pre-flush was pumped ahead of the treatment to remove deposits that could have prevented the polymer from effective gelation. The treatment was then overdisplaced with brine. The OCP system is injected into the formation as a low viscosity solution using the spot and hesitation squeeze method via bullheading. It activates at a predicted time to form a 3-D rigid hydrogel to completely shut off matrix permeability, fractures, fissures, and channels, thus creating an artificial barrier seal in the reservoir. The tail-in near wellbore RSM system rapidly develops a high compressive strength to avoid any formation loss before setting. This holistic approach helps to create a robust sealant for blocking the unwanted water-producing zone, impeding water flow, and facilitating increased hydrocarbon flow. A direct comparison of the application of this system with conventional cement squeeze treatments is presented to illustrate the advantage of having a deep matrix penetration for a more efficient water shutoff in this field. A direct result of the implemented treatment is that the post-operation well test and production data showed a high-sustained production at lower rate with significantly reduced watercut, confirming this technology is one of successful chemical water shut off techniques this field. This paper summarizes the candidate selection, design processes, challenges encountered, and production response, and can be considered a best practice for addressing high water production challenges in similar conditions in other fields.
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Pal, Saptarshi, and Chengi Kuo. "Feasibility of Repurposing Offshore Decommissioned Gas Rigs into Fish Farms." In SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205446-ms.

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Abstract In the past 70 years the world has relied extensively for its energy needs based on hydrocarbons produced significantly offshore. In recent years many installations with fixed platforms and pipelines are reaching the end of their useful life and are required by law to be decommissioned and removed if an approved alternative use cannot be found. This process coincides with focus on decarbonization arising from global warming and climate change. The conventional way of decommissioning is to remove the structure and take it onshore for disposal. Such an activity costs around £28 million for smaller UKCS installations in the Southern North Sea. Possible alternative solutions include their use as a research-leisure complex and artificial reef. Such an approach would have less impact on the environment and it is therefore worthwhile to explore the feasibility of repurposing these decommissioned UKCS platforms. The paper begins by highlighting the background to UKCS offshore decommissioning and farming fish life-cycle. This is followed by a critical review of the three options of total and partial removals and leave-on-site. It is found that repurposing decommissioned platforms for aquaculture farm has not been given sufficient attention and thus offers scope for a project to explore the feasibility of such a solution. Existing offshore fish farming in various countries are examined before using a decision-making matrix to select the most suitable UKCS installation for conversion and this led to using a normally unattended gas platform for the case study. The focus for this paper is on design and operation of an unattended fish farm and its cost benefit analysis. The former covers fish cage selection, capacity calculation, fish handling procedures, fish feed characteristics, feed demand, designing feed logistics and storage system. The processing facilities are layout on two decks and power needs are generated using a hybrid system of diesel and Li-ion battery. The possibility of using renewable sources by connecting to wind energy grids was also considered. For the latter capital and operating expenditure, revenue generated and maintenance costs are estimated before performing net present value prediction of the profitability of the fish farm over 10 years with for example up to 8 cages and three discount rates. The main conclusions derived are: It is technically feasible to convert a decommissioned gas platform to a fish farm and the operation can be economic. However, liability transfer implications in a repurposed offshore decommissioned gas platforms to fish farms were not established to verify the project viability. The conversion of unattended offshore gas platforms in the UKCS to an automated offshore fish farm is a novel solution which has not been implemented in the North Sea before. The work will provide an economic and environmental friendly solution to decommissioning offshore platforms and provide with a possible profitable investment.
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9

Barnett, Ralph L., and Theodore Liber. "Standard Chain Lever Load Binder." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88139.

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The standard chain lever load binder that is used for truck cargo securement operates on an over-center principle that has been used for over a century on suitcases, tool boxes and camera cases. The safety hazards associated with the uses and misuses of the load binder were identified decades ago and various inventors patented innovations that eliminated or mitigated the safety shortcomings. Furthermore, their ideas were not only effective, they were economical, versatile, and efficient. These patents are now in the public domain and many companies manufacture and/or distribute entire lines of securement that include not only the standard chain lever load binder but most of the alternative designs as well. This case study takes the position that the standard chain lever load binder should be banished. Since the appropriate bodies, after all these years, have not arranged for its demise, this paper appeals to the product liability system for safety relief. Engineering analysis and tests are provided to the legal profession to help them protect us by making the cost advantage of the standard binder too expensive. This paper explores some of the remarkable properties of the standard load binder, e.g., • Load binders develop very large chain tensions and very high levels of recoverable energy. The standard chain lever load binder does not enable the tension and energy levels to be safely maintained or released. • The handle slack on the standard load binder cannot be fine-tuned; consequently, a scenario is frequently encountered where the chain is either too loose or too tight to secure with the binder handle. This is the major motivation for resorting to a “cheater bar.” • A complete analysis of the securement forces acting on the cargo and load binder is seldom possible because the system is a “moving target.” The handle loading is randomly applied by human exertion which changes with handle orientation. The boundary conditions depend not only on the cargo and securement strategy, but on the loading itself. Unknown friction characteristics of the loading affect the distribution of chain forces. • On one side of the load binder the chain tension can always be predicted using only the handle torque. This cable tension is independent of the boundary conditions and any axial handle force components. • When the load binder system is rigid, it gives rise to three singularities. The mechanical advantage is unbounded at the two extreme handle orientations. When the binder is suspended in a taut condition, any lateral force on the binder develops infinite cable forces. • Handle slack has a profound effect on the handle resistance, the resilience, the chain tension, and the latching capability.
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