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Battaglini, Marco, and Eleonora Patacchini. "Social Networks in Policy Making." Annual Review of Economics 11, no. 1 (August 2, 2019): 473–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080218-030419.
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Recent advances in data collection, computing power, and theoretical modeling have stimulated a growing literature in economics and political science studying how social networks affect policy making. We survey this literature focusing on two main aspects. First, we discuss the literature studying how (and if) social connections in Congress affect legislative behavior. We then discuss how social connections affect the relationship between policy makers and the outside world, focusing on lobbying; the importance of family, caste, and ethnic networks; and social media and public activism. In our discussion, we highlight the key methodological challenges in this literature, how they have been addressed, and the prospects for future research.
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Kirichenko, I. "Finland's Innovation Policy: Sociohumanitarian Aspects." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 12 (2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-12-61-67.
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Modern society faces large-scale challenges associated with the digitalization of economic and social processes, especially at its new stage – the development and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The point is that the use of AI entails great ethical risks, since creates an opportunity for non-observance of human rights to privacy. In Finland, a country that has been pursuing an innovation policy closely linked to socio-economic policies that responds to social challenges for several decades, this problem is widely discussed and strives to minimize and even eliminate the above risks in decisions on research and development (R&D) policy. Therefore, R&D in the field of AI technologies is carried out in Finland at the intersection of computer, mathematical and humanitarian sciences, since one of the most important issues of its application is the question of how moral and ethical its results will be. In this regard, the analysis and understanding of Finland’s experience in this area is important and necessary. Finland has traditionally in recent decades prioritized the humanitarian component in the formation of innovation policy. The technological component was viewed through the prism of social problems that should be resolved in the course of economic development, the main driver of which is innovation processes. This approach is determined by the country’s social development model. The openness of public administration, the high role of the country’s citizens in making the most important strategic decisions, the social responsibility of business, taking into account the opinion of the expert community leads to a balanced promotion of technologies in the economy. Of course, opportunities for innovative development “with a human face” from time to time run into economic constraints – which was clearly manifested, for example, during a pandemic. Nevertheless, when it comes to digitalization and the use of AI, the Finnish state and society continue to strive to ensure the presumption of morality and ethics in the implementation of these technologies. The country is conducting humanitarian and sociological research in this area, as well as developing mechanisms for managing the ethics and morality of AI. The country strives to become a leader not only in AI technologies, but also in developing the principles of preserving the humanitarian and moral values that Finland shares with Europe.
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Pogorelskaya, S. "Domestic Political Aspects of New German Foreign Policy." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2001): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2001-7-91-100.
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Kelly, P. J. "Utilitarianism and Distributive Justice: The Civil Law and the Foundations of Bentham's Economic Thought." Utilitas 1, no. 1 (May 1989): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800000066.
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Between 1787, and the end of his life in 1832, Bentham turned his attention to the development and application of economic ideas and principles within the general structure of his legislative project. For seventeen years this interest was manifested through a number of books and pamphlets, most of which remained in manuscript form, that develop a distinctive approach to economic questions. Although Bentham was influenced by Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, he neither adopted a Smithian vocabulary for addressing questions of economic principle and policy, nor did he accept many of the distinctive features of Smith's economic theory. One consequence of this was that Bentham played almost no part in the development of the emerging science of political economy in the early nineteenth century. The standard histories of economics all emphasize how little he contributed to the mainstream of late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century debate by concentrating attention on his utilitarianism and the psychology of hedonism on which it is premised. Others have argued that the calculating nature of his theory of practical reason reduced the whole legislative project to a crude attempt to apply economics to all aspects of social and political life. Put at its simplest this argument amounts to the erroneous claim that Bentham's science of legislation is reducible to the science of political economy. A different but equally dangerous error would be to argue that because Bentham's conception of the science of legislation comprehends all the basic forms of social relationships, there can be no science of political economy as there is no autonomous sphere of activity governed by the principles of economics. This approach is no doubt attractive from an historical point of view given that the major premise of this argument is true, and that many of Bentham's ‘economic’ arguments are couched in terms of his theory of legislation. Yet it fails to account for the undoubted importance of political economy within Bentham's writings, not just on finance, economic policy, colonies and preventive police, but also in other aspects of his utilitarian public policy such as prison reform, pauper management, and even constitutional reform. All of these works reflect a conception of political economy in its broadest terms. However, this conception of political economy differs in many respects from that of Bentham's contemporaries, and for this reason Bentham's distinctive approach to problems of economics and political economy has largely been misunderstood.
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Cherkasova, E. "Spain and Crisis: Political Aspects." World Economy and International Relations, no. 9 (2013): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-9-33-41.
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The article considers the causes and the nature of the economic crisis which was a heavy blow for Spanish economy being in need of structural reforms. The domestic political consequences of the crisis included the change of government, the emergence of new protest movements and strengthening of separatism. Under the Brussels' pressure, Spain was forced to make significant adjustments to its national anti-crisis strategy which had a high social price. Particular attention is given to relations with the EU and the impact of the crisis on the country's foreign policy.
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Liu, Jian, and Abdul Razaque Chhachhar. "Policy Paradigm Shifts of Contemporary Chinese Media." Asian Social Science 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n2p187.
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In this paper, policy paradigm shifts of contemporary Chinese media are analyzed. Up till now, Chinese media policies have generally changed through three paradigms, including political unification policies (1949-1978), hybrid governance policies (1978-2013) and integrated governance policies (2013-now). All three-policy paradigms have been orienting towards political interests, but place emphasis on different aspects. Mainly politically oriented, the first policy paradigm focuses on seeking political interests. Guided by political, economic and social interests, the 2nd one is physically hybrid but not integrated owing to policy conflicts, overlaid management and poor efficiency. The 3rd media policy paradigm attempts to integrate policies for solving problems that appear during the 2nd policy paradigm.
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Venckūnas, Aurimas. "POLITICAL COMMUNICATION OF CREATIVE SOCIETY: THE ASPECTS OF PUBLIC POLICY." Creativity Studies 15, no. 1 (March 7, 2022): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cs.2022.15923.
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The article analyses creative society political communication in Lithuania. Creative society (as a separate society type) is grounded by the increasing (and starting to dominate since 2000) amount of creative class in contemporary society, and by recent phenomenon of creative industries. Contemporary scientific research is mainly limited by creative society features, creative society economics and creative industries; however, there is lack of creative society analysis by public policy instruments. The article aims to make a model of creative society policy and, having evaluated the Lithuanian practice according to it, to define directions of implementation of this policy. Firstly, attitudes of researchers towards creative society were generalized, presenting its features, and the importance, alternatives, and possible directions of such policy. Secondly, having performed simulation and the case study (directions’ determination and implementation of creative society policy in Lithuania), the model of creative society policy was made (this model demonstrates how creative society policy might be formed and implemented in other countries), and directions of implementation of this policy were defined. The article summarizes main results of author’s prepared doctoral dissertation. Directions for further research can be analysis of directions of creative society policy, investigation of dream society (as a future type).
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Jotterand, Fabrice. "The Politicization of Science and Technology: Its Implications for Nanotechnology." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 4 (2006): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00084.x.
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Nanotechnology represents, in part, a technological revolution in the sense that it allows highly innovative applications of various areas of the physical and life sciences. The development of nanotechnology and nanoscience, however, intensifies challenges to the traditional understanding of how to pursue scientific and technological knowledge. Science (in its broad meaning) can no longer be construed simply as the ideal of the quest for truth (i.e., “pure science”). Science, through its technological applications, has become the source of economic power and, by extension, political power. Science, with its political implications, has entered what John Ziman calls the era of “post-academic science.”In this paper, I argue that nanotechnology is a cardinal exemplar of this politicization, that is, the convergence of science, technology, politics, and economics for social and governmental purposes. At the same time, I assert that this new scientific ethos offers the possibility of a better integration of ethical and philosophical reflections at the core of scientific and technological development.
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Rovinskaya, T. "Information Security of Russia: Political and Cultural Aspects." World Economy and International Relations, no. 11 (2011): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-11-49-62.
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The article is devoted to the information security of Russia. It includes two main aspects: conceptual (political concepts, legislation, cultural specifics of the country) and practical (real law enforcements mechanisms, economic and technological opportunities). New Russia's information policy development specifics, threats to information security and the countermeasures, forms of Russia's international cooperation in the field are thoroughly examined in the paper.
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Ivanova, N. "Innovation Policy: Theory and Practice." World Economy and International Relations 60, no. 1 (2016): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-1-5-16.
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It is a well-established tradition of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO) to study the world’s major social and economic trends while taking into full account the most actual problems of Russia. In 2000s the government announces the course on innovative modernization as the basis for the long-term development strategy of the Russian Federation. Accordingly, the task of monitoring and application of the world experience of regulating this sphere took a priority place among the directions of the Institute’s research activities. The previous article published by ““World Economy and International Relations” Journal in 2006 in connection with the 50-anniversary of IMEMO exposed the principal stages of the examination of the economic aspects of scientific and technological progress (NTP). The IMEMO researchers proposed a radical change in the conceptual approach to respective studies – from NTP to innovations. This ensured a new and highly productive vision of the science, the technology trends and the innovative entrepreneurship within the concept of national innovation systems (NIS). This article is a continuation of the topic while summarizing the results of theoretical and applied research conducted by the team of the Department of Science and Innovation of the IMEMO in the past 10 years during 2005-2015.
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EFREMOVA, Marina Alexandrovna, Evgenia Viktorovna ROGOVA, Lev Romanovich KLEBANOV, Alexander Alexandrovich GORSHENIN, and Dmitry Alexandrovich PARKHOMENKO. "Trends of Modern Russian Criminal Policy in the Russian Federation." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v10.1(39).15.
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The article is devoted to the study of the trends in Russian criminal policy at the present stage of its development. The authors come to the conclusion that criminal policy today is understood and exists in three aspects: first, as a policy in its own (narrow) sense of the word, that is, state political activity in the field of combating crime; second, as law enforcement in this area (practical policy); third, as a branch of scientific knowledge of complex content (based on the connection of criminal law, process, criminal executive law, criminology with political science, sociology, management theory), the so-called criminal political science.
Criminal policy, implemented at different stages of development of social relations, is characterized by certain priority areas. Currently, with regard to international documents and standards, one of the key trends in Russian criminal policy is humanization, as evidenced by the analysis of changes and additions to the criminal law over the past twenty years.
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Franco Vargas, María Helena, and Daniela Roldán Restrepo. "The instruments of public policy. A transdisciplinary look." Cuadernos de Administración 35, no. 63 (March 27, 2019): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/cdea.v35i63.6893.
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The implementation of public policies involves knowing and analyzing the different instruments of public intervention from a transdisciplinary perspective involving legal, economic and political aspects, as this allows to broaden the understanding of the tools available to deal with public issues. In this sense, this paper seeks to present in an integrative and systematic way what have disciplines such as public law, the economy of the public sector and the political sciences, especially public policies, understood for public policy instruments. It takes a particular look at this latter approach and shows why this is the most comprehensive approach. Regarding the methodology, this text is the product of qualitative, theoretical, descriptive and exploratory research of a documentary nature. Among the main findings, intervention instruments were found to guide human behavior towards achieving certain public objectives, constitute the rules of the game and, therefore, serve as institutions that illuminate public action. They are also tools to correct market failures and achieve economic efficiency. Nevertheless, they are not limited to the formal technical and institutional two-dimensional nature of economics and law. Nowadays, the study of intervention instruments must be done in accordance with public policies; it must enable progressing towards context-sensitive governments, the diversity of actors, more active citizenship and the particularities of public affairs.
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da Silva Bezerra, Valdir. "Brazil’s viewpoints on international organizations: Political aspects." BRICS Journal of Economics 3, no. 1 (May 16, 2022): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/brics-econ.3.e81072.
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Recent (geo)political tensions, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the rise of nationalism worldwide have brought to the forefront processes of (de)globalization both in social, political, and economic terms. In this context, we place questions: How have Brazil’s views on international organizations changed over the years and why does it matter when it comes to understanding the country’s recent contribution to the processes of (de)globalization? To answer the aforementioned questions, this article discusses some of Brazil’s main points of view on international organizations (IOs) from a historical perspective. Therefore, we aim to analyze the criticism and political positions of Brazil regarding the most relevant IOs over time, from the League of Nations to the United Nations and the Bretton Woods institutions. Additionally, this paper addresses Jair Bolsonaro’s (de)globalization positions, especially in view of his peculiar foreign policy oriented towards the contestation of the system. As a concluding point, we provide sufficient evidence on Bolsonaro’s political inclination towards processes of (de)globalization based on his contempt for the so-called ‘globalism’, as well as his nationalistic rhetoric.
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Fischer, David W. "Public Policy Aspects of Beach Erosion Control." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 49, no. 2 (April 1990): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1990.tb02271.x.
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Mann, Lawrence D. "Political aspects of planning the Basque coastal megalopolis." Ekistics and The New Habitat 70, no. 420/421 (August 1, 2003): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200370420/421286.
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The author is Professor Emeritus of Planning and of Geography & Regional Development as well as of Public Policy and Administration, University of Arizona and formerly Chair of the Planning Program. Previously, he was professor and chairman in these fields at Harvard University and Rutgers University. He has been Visiting Professor at five Latin American universities, in a faculty career that dates back to 1961. Since 1999 he has spent several months each year conducting research on Basque planning, from a base in Biarritz, France. His editorial experience includes ten years as Book Review Editor of the Journal of the American Institute of Planners, Journal of the American Planning Association and Compiling Editor of Ekistics. He has been active in professional planning practice, both in the United States and internationally and is former national Chairman of the American Institute of Certified Planners. He was elected Fellow of the American Institute of Certified Planners in 2001 and has been a member of the World Society for Ekistics since 1975. Mann is an extensively published scholar in Planning and related fields, including ten monographs, several times that many articles and chapters, and an even greater number of book reviews in the professional literature. He holds a doctorate in Planning (Harvard) and did postgraduate work at London School of Economics & Political Science. He is fluent in French and Spanish.
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Meladze, Aleko. "SOME ASPECTS OF EXCELLENCE OF CUSTOMS POLICY OF GEORGIA." Economic Profile 16, no. 2(22) (January 15, 2022): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2021.22.05.
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Customs system and customs activity is an important economic mechanism for the county, which has to follow current modern global and integrative processes in the world. Customs politics based on the reasonable and scientific principles will give the chance to a government to develop priority fields, deepen political and economic relation with the foreign countries, and help social-economic development of the country. Lack of development of real sector in economic Georgia made as import-dependent country. In the whole unit of commercial circulation amount of import exceeds amount of export almost three time. Local market is full with imported products, which is the result that country depends on the import, but, it is possible to create safe economic conditions for the local producers. For that the country should actively use instruments of customs politics While working on above mentioned topic, studying the problem was implemented by using qualitative and quantitative methods. Research of inner information about the topic was fulfilled in the scope of qualitative research. During quantitative research was processed statistic data. Finally, based on the analysis of result corresponding reports were made. Tasks and forms of implementing customs politics, in many cases, harshly oppose each other. That is why, one of the main task is to balance the opposing principles, for this action it is important that customs politics should be flexible, changeable and compatible with current economic occurrence and processes. On modern stage main direction of Georgian customs politics are characterized as having low import tariffs, by being free from customs tax, having less amount of export and import licenses and by not having other quantitative restrictions. But it described as having important gaps in solving modern economic problems and resisting modern challenges. Unfortunately, real sector of economics in Georgia is not developed. According the existed tendencies main priority for the county’s development is tourism. The result is that absolute majority of the product what the population of the country uses, is imported. Given tendency of correlation between import and export results gives us a chance to say that during past years, Political measurements from the state can not reach the aim. Within other factors, given problem is mainly outlined by the level of technological development and innovation problems. Non-existence of subsidiary infrastructure for development export, causes lack of information about potential export markets and not-enough popularity is Georgian products. Except measures taken for stimulating export, state customs politics should be aimed to broaden country’s exporting markets, to diversify exporting countries and export products main part of the export products for today is raw materials, which has low supplemented cost, its export does not need to activate manufacturing processes and local workmen do not take part in this process. Hence it follows that all these positive economic effects which might follow product export from the country, in this case is on low level or does not exist at all. That is why, main factor of the customs politics should be to encourage export ready production and not raw materials. There is cause-effect relation between quality of development of real sector between export and import correlation. Lack of development of real economic sector significantly defines the quality of country’s import-dependence. In order to achieve desired correlation results between import and export for the country, it is important to reduce import index, as well as export index. For the development of real sector of economics it is crucially important to protect economic activities of local manufacturers from the competition with foreign production. The government has got its regulation mechanisms, by using these mechanisms it can achieve above mentioned aim. While implementing customs politics, the government has authority, foreseeing the given situation in the country, use different instruments of customs-tariff regulations, in order to get concrete desired results. For this result it is necessary to fulfill the obligations which the country has towards world trade organization. In order to be recognized Georgia as an equal partner, from the members of the partner countries of World Trade Organization, it is necessary to be legislative basis which will regulate and administrate customs rules and other similar business spheres. Such kind of specific obligations from Georgia were outlined while signing the treaty of partnership with World Trade Organization. It was mentioned not to implement the cases of protection, anti-dumping measures and compensation duties, before other corresponding regulations and legislative acts would be received in the country. One of the main challenge of customs politics for Georgia is to resist with the problems of local manufacturers and protecting domestic market. Finally, we can say that effectiveness of customs politics significantly defines stability of country’s economic development, mainly, stimulating to develop export and protecting domestic market. Accordingly, in this thesis there are reports and recommendations, which represent closing sentences based on the analysis of separate parts of the given work.
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Wiley, Kimberly Kay. "Leveraging Political Resources: Applying the Advocacy Coalition Framework to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence." Nonprofit Policy Forum 13, no. 1 (October 15, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npf-2020-0020.
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Abstract As politics becomes increasingly polarized, the value of collective political action becomes more visible and overt. Nonprofit organizations act collectively in pursuit of their policy goals in nearly all aspects of public policy. Understanding how nonprofits borne of social movements engage politically expands our insight into advocacy coalition behavior following seemingly effective social movements. The coalition’s leveraging of political resources provides us this insight. This study assesses the policy activities produced or maintained within a U.S. national domestic violence advocacy coalition over its lifetime to determine how and when resources were leveraged. A directed content analysis is conducted on historical data to capture the evolution of coalition activities over a 41-year period. The coalition’s emphasis on policy change waned over time as it achieved its policy goals. The coalition then leaned on its largest resources, mobilizable troops, and information to increasingly emphasize policy implementation and evaluation. These findings indicate that when in the policy process coalitions leverage their political resources may be more important than how coalitions leverage resources. Framing nonprofit political activity across the stages of the policy process can open doors to better use of scarce political resources.
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Voynikov, Vladimir. "The Legal aspects of the EU visa policy." Contemporary Europe 18, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope420187989.
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Pankevich, N. "Political and Legal Aspects of Russia’s and US Natural Resources Strategies in Arctic Region." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2015): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-7-97-110.
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The article deals with the situation of competition for resources (primarily oil and gas) between states, in the Arctic Region. The reasoning is generally based on the assumption that today’s competitive process is mainly shaped and determined by the specificity of the international political system. At present, the founding principle of international environment is the assumption of the state territorial sovereignty that reduces the possibilities of action towards resources, mainly to remote supplies via international trade and territorialisation, i.e. embracing the parcel of interest by the state border and its inclusion into the space guarded by state sovereign authority. In turn, this leads to a crucial increase of the expansion on the sea importance, since the land territory is already delimited among the sovereign polities. For Russian Federation this means that the Arctic Region will acquire the greatest importance in the state territorial strategy. The author further analyses the strategies of Russia’s competitors from Arctic Region and beyond, and finds out that the U.S. strategy is of the principle importance, even though the Arctic does not present a first rank priority for this state. Nevertheless, the politics of the USA is an example of a novel approach to the outer territories that goes beyond the traditional view on international system. This approach is unilateral and is based on a novel reading of the sovereignty concept. The indicating point is not signing the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea that enables the USA to act with lesser need for coordination with other participants of the international system. The instrumental support for this policy is the increasing usage of extraterritorial application of national laws and particular norms. The article provides case analyses of such policies towards resources, companies, international organizations and can be used in the Arctic that presents an ideal place for extraterritorially shaped policy to implement. The article also posits that in Russia the lack of interest toward extraterritoriality of laws is evident, while this could become an effective instrument of the state interest promoting. Acknoledgement. The publication is prepared within the fundamental research project of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences No. 15-15-6-29 “Perspectives of Arctic Policies: Interests and Strategies of the World Leading States”.
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Gorditsa, Karolina. "Institutional aspects of economic development in the works of I.V. Vernadsky." Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni 2021, no. 54 (December 1, 2021): 154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2021.54.154.
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The article is devoted to the study and coverage of the institutional environment formation in the scientific achievements of the famous scientist-economist of the XIX century Ivan Vernadsky. The purpose of the study is the historical and economic generalization of I. Vernadsky's views on the institutional aspects of economic activity and development. The scientist had a deep understanding of the important role that social institutions play in economic reality and the importance of their study for the completeness of economic analysis. He highly valued the work of other economists who used institutional approaches, and paid considerable attention in his work to the influence of the institutional environment and its individual components on the results of economic activity. The main attention of the article is devoted to the historical-theoretical analysis of I. Vernadsky's views on the concept of property and possession as key categories of economy and law, their economic significance and relationship with other categories of political economy, such as wealth, value, income. The author analyzes I. Vernadsky's views on the most important institutional factors of economic development, in particular economic freedom, free private property, development of knowledge, education and science, education of such moral qualities as conscience, honesty, thrift, etc., as well as the influence of national mentality on economic policy. The conclusion is that the original concept of property and possession developed by I. Vernadsky can be assessed as a significant achievement of contemporary economics, as it contains not only the postulates of classical political economy, but also elements of the subsequent institutional theory of property rights, in particular the institutional nature of ownership and property as factors that determine the borders of economic activity.
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Pogorelskaya, S. "Some Aspects of the European Policy of Integrated Germany." World Economy and International Relations, no. 1 (2000): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2000-1-89-95.
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Drumetz, Françoise, and Christian Pfister. "Modern Monetary Theory: A Wrong Compass for Decision-Making." Intereconomics 56, no. 6 (November 2021): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10272-021-1014-5.
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AbstractIn the last few years, the so-called Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) has been gaining prominence in the media and the public. This article presents the MMT approach to money and monetary policy, and discusses its recommendations regarding fiscal policy and aggregate demand management, the structural policies it advocates as well as the international aspects of MMT. Overall, it appears that MMT is based on an outdated state of economic science and that its claims regarding economic policies are much exaggerated: The meaning of MMT is more that of a political manifesto than of a genuine economic theory.
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Davydov, Andrey. "International Energy Agency and U.S. Economic Policy." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 4 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760021607-4.
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The article is devoted to the activities of International Energy Agency (IEA) on the background of the United States economic policy. The IEA was founded in 1974 to develop a collective response of Western countries to major disruptions in the supply of oil. The key purpose of International Energy Agency was to coordinate energy policy of developed countries and to limit activities of petroleum exporting countries. Some reasons for international energy markets regulations are being discussed in the article. For the last decades International Energy Agency is at the center of global dialogue on energy, providing authoritative analysis, data, policy recommendations, and real-world solutions to help countries provide secure and sustainable energy resources. In spite of this fact there are some serious contradictions between member countries. While oil security remains a key aspect of its work, the IEA has evolved and expanded significantly since its foundation. The IEA recommends policies that enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy. It examines the full spectrum issues including renewables, oil, gas and coal supply and demand, energy efficiency, clean energy technologies, electricity systems and markets, access to energy, demand-side management, and much more. Some aspects of President Biden administration energy policy are being discussed in the article. The article covers major trends of structural changes in US energy consumption during 2010 – 2020. Statistical analysis shows that oil and natural gas industries have very insignificant effects on US gross domestic product. Political sanctions against Russia continue to impact global energy demand. Current situation on the global oil market is being analyzed.
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Parashar, Dr Suhasini. "The Economic Behavior Theory -The Nudge Theory : An Appraisal." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSFORMATIONS IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 12, no. 01 (2022): 053–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijtbm.v12i01.003.
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The behavioral economics is making a significant impact on economic theory and economic policy. Behavioral economics with intuitive appeal, seeks to work with human limitations. Nudge theory becomes an important aspect to study about behavioral economics, political theory and behavioral sciences, as ways to influence the behavior and decision-making of groups or individuals. Nudge theory explains consumer behavior can be influenced by small suggestions and positive views. Nudges decrease low market performance, save the Government money, encourage the actions and help to increase the efficiency of resource use and their effect. Nudge helps to choose an option socially desirable beneficial for better public healthcare, civic sense and social harmony. Humans being need encouragement or intervention as nudge to do what is best for the country or society at large .
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Ghosal, Sayantan, and Adrian Pabst. "INTRODUCTION: POPULISM IN QUESTION." National Institute Economic Review 259 (2022): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nie.2022.11.
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Much of the media coverage in relation to populism has focused either on populist moments like the Brexit vote or on populist leaders such as Donald Trump or Boris Johnson. Meanwhile, the academic literature on populism is divided between two broad approaches. First, an emphasis in economics on policy (e.g. Dornbusch and Edwards, 1992) and, second, an accentuation in political science on ideology (e.g. Mudde and Rovira Kaltwasser, 2017). Both approaches capture important aspects, including the rejection of orthodox monetary and fiscal policy positions and a repudiation not only of established elites but also of pluralism and some of the key institutions on which the rule of law and democracy depend.
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Coates, David, and Colin Hay. "The Internal and External Face of New Labour's Political Economy." Government and Opposition 36, no. 4 (October 2001): 447–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.00076.
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To Grasp Fully The Nature And Significance Of The Economic policies at the heart of dominant political projects, those policies have to be studied in the round. They have to be grasped as complex totalities which touch all aspects of the political agenda; and they have to be seen as constructed and contested wholes, whose contradictions, internal inconsistencies and conceptual limits are as vital to their trajectory as are their axioms, theories and content. Academically and professionally, the study of policy in this rounded way is often a more difficult task to complete than might be expected, in part because of the powerful divisions within and between the intellectual disciplines which comprise the social sciences.
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Ołdak, Małgorzata. "ARTUR BATOSZEWICZ, KRZYSZTOF KSIĘŻOPOLSKI, ANDRZEJ ZYBAŁA (RED.) Polska… Unia Europejska… Świat… w pandemii COVID-19 – wybrane zagadnienia. Wnioski dla kształtowania i prowadzenia polityki publicznej." Studia Politologiczne, no. 62/2021 (December 18, 2021): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2021.62.12.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic experience that, unlike previous crises, affects all countries. A team of researchers from the Warsaw School of Economics undertook a preliminary study of its consequences. The author of the review introduces the assumptions of the monograph, its main goals and structure, and attempts to supplement the proposed research areas with further aspects that may be important from the point of view of political science.
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Matyuhin, A. "Necessary knowledge for students about countering extremism (textbook «The Policy of countering extremism» edited by A. P. Koshkin." Journal of Political Research 5, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-6295-2021-5-1-178-184.
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The purpose of this review is to analyze and identify the socio-political, scientific and methodological significance of the textbook "The Policy of Countering Extremism". This original and extremely important textbook for Russian students, under the general editorship of Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor A. P. Koshkin, was prepared by the author's team of the Department of Political Science and Sociology of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics and published in 2021. The textbook has a clear structure, justification of the social significance of teaching such a course in Russian universities, and the necessary methodological set for studying and consolidating the material. The concept of "countering extremism" is defined here as an activity aimed at protecting the state, society and the individual from manifestations that are actually or potentially destructive and violent. The authors of the textbook highlight the basic blocks of studying this issue, reflected in the main sections of the material, devoted to the legal aspects of countering extremism in modern Russia, as well as targeted countering extremism in the space of information culture. The author's team of the textbook gives not only scientific ideas about the realities of the policy of countering extremism in the Russian Federation, but also allocates the necessary reserves to improve the effectiveness of this policy in the regulatory and information areas of public life. The purpose of the textbook is seen as an important material that contributes to the rationalization of the consciousness of Russian students, the formation of a full-fledged picture of the world, the education of citizenship and patriotism.
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Marchenkov, Maksim L. "Consistency and Adaptability: New Aspects of the Arctic Policy of Sweden." Arctic and North, no. 47 (June 28, 2022): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2022.47.126.
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The article is an analytical review of Sweden’s Arctic policy since the adoption of the country’s first Arctic strategy in 2011 until nowadays. The priorities of Sweden’s 2011 Arctic Strategy in the areas of environmental protection, economic cooperation and human life in the Arctic are analyzed. Sweden’s chairmanship programs at the Arctic Council for 2011–2013 and at the Barents Euro-Arctic Council for 2017–2019 are assessed for compliance with the national Arctic strategy priorities. The participation of Sweden in projects under the auspices of the Arctic Council in the 2010s and at present is presented. The content of the updated Sweden’s Arctic strategy of 2020 is analyzed. The updated strategy is compared with the strategy of 2011; the reasons for the enlargement of the thematic coverage of Sweden’s Arctic strategy of 2020 (additional priorities are international cooperation in the Arctic, security and stability in the region, and scientific cooperation) are explained. The reasons for Sweden’s emphasis on security issues in the Arctic are explained. It is concluded that Sweden’s Arctic policy from 2011 to the present is consistent and adaptable due to the changing climatic, economic, political and military situation in the Arctic region. The desire of Sweden to cooperate with the Nordic countries and NATO in the field of military cooperation in the Arctic is marked as a new tendency in Sweden’s Arctic policy. The new role of the European Union, Canada and Germany in the implementation of Swedish Arctic policy at the present stage is traced. Sweden’s Arctic strategy is also estimated in correspondence to the provisions of the Arctic Council Strategic Plan for 2021–2030.
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Bastos Lima, Mairon G. "Deepak Rajagopal and David Zilberman: Environmental, economic, and policy aspects of biofuels." International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 12, no. 1 (August 31, 2010): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10784-010-9133-7.
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McLaughlin, Kenneth. "Advocacy research and social policy." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 35, no. 3/4 (April 7, 2015): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2014-0009.
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Purpose – Much social policy research today is commissioned, published and publicised by organisations with direct involvement in that particular aspect of policy. Whilst much good can result from such “advocacy research”, at times the tactics employed by some groups have been criticised for exaggerated claims making and sensationalist reporting as they attempt to get their particular issue into the political and public domain and also generate more government funding and/or increase public donations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate such claims. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper the author wishes to look at some of the tactics utilised by advocacy groups in order to establish the legitimacy of their particular concern. The author focuses on material published by Action for Children and the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children and between 2010 and 2012 in relation to child maltreatment, critically analysing them from a social constructionist standpoint and drawing on aspects of moral panic theory. Findings – The paper concludes by warning of the dangers for both social policy and related practice that can arise from uncritically accepting the claims of contemporary moral entrepreneurs. Originality/value – This paper uses theoretical concepts to analyse contemporary campaigns by two charity organisations.
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Zeiss, Ragna, and Stans van Egmond. "Dissolving Decision Making? Models and Their Roles in Decision-Making Processes and Policy at Large." Science in Context 27, no. 4 (November 13, 2014): 631–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889714000234.
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ArgumentThis article studies the roles three science-based models play in Dutch policy and decision making processes. Key is the interaction between model construction and environment. Their political and scientific environments form contexts that shape the roles of models in policy decision making. Attention is paid to three aspects of the wider context of the models: a) the history of the construction process; b) (changes in) the political and scientific environments; and c) the use in policy processes over longer periods of time. Models are more successfully used when they are constructed in astablepolitical and scientific environment. Stability and certainty within a scientific field seems to be a key predictor for the usefulness of models for policy making. The economic model is more disputed than the ecology-based model and the model that has its theoretical foundation in physics and chemistry. The roles models play in policy processes are too complex to be considered as straightforward technocratic powers.
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Priyanta, Maret, and Cut Sabina Anasya Zulkarnain. "Sustainable Infrastructure Legal Policy in Indonesia: A National Strategic Project Approach for National Development." Sriwijaya Law Review 7, no. 1 (January 26, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/slrev.vol7.iss1.1108.pp1-18.
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Infrastructure development is the top priority of the Indonesian government. The development of transportation network infrastructure is expected to support the growth of national and international economies by connecting regions and opening public and commodity access. The new integrated growth cities were developed to reduce the burden of Jakarta as the central government and economic national centre. Legal aspects become one of the main issues in realising government politics in developing infrastructure. The national strategic project approach became a mechanism to connect a new development centre, such as the Metropolitan Bandung Area, through infrastructure development. However, its implementation requires a legal and regulatory basis with various technical, social, and economic considerations, including anticipating its environmental impact. This research paper aims to give an academic review of the problem of infrastructure development in Indonesia. The normative legal approach is based on the law's theory, concepts, and principles by considering the technical aspects to develop alternative solutions to provide legal certainty in developing infrastructure in Indonesia. The rules for spatial planning are a key issue in developing infrastructure related to random locations and land acquisition. This conflict becomes a major obstacle in developing new primate cities in Indonesia.
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Vasil'ev, V. "New Aspects of Discourse about the Berlin’s Realpolitik." World Economy and International Relations 59, no. 12 (2015): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-59-12-30-40.
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The article investigates approaches taken by major political parties and civil society in the FRG toward the Transatlantic partnership. It reveals the tendencies of the prospective promotion of Berlin’s cooperation with Washington; the article also gives a forecast of further interaction between the EU and the USA, indicates the direction of discourse regarding the future Russia–Germany relations model in the context of the Ukrainian crisis and in reference to the increased transatlantic solidarity. Disputes in German socio-political circles on the issue of the FRG’s policy toward the U.S. are emerging all the time, but they have to be considered within a concrete historical and political context. Being of primary significance for all German chancellors, the Trans-Atlantic factor has been shaping itself in a controversial way as to the nation’s public opinion. This has been confirmed by many opinion polls, including the survey on the signing of the EU–U.S. Agreement on the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. Chancellor A. Merkel is playing an important role: she is either ascribed full compliancy with Washington, or is being tentatively shown as a consistent government figure in advancing and upholding of Germany's and the EU's interests. A. Merkel has implemented her peace-seeking drive in undoing the Ukrainian tangle by setting up the “Normandy format” involving the leaders of Germany, France, Russia and Ukraine while having cleared it through with the U.S. President B. Obama well in advance. Despite the increasing criticism of Washington’s policy among some part of Germans, for the majority of German voters, the USA remains a country of implementable hopes, the only power in the world possessing a high education level and the most advanced technologies. Americans, for their part, are confident of the important role that Berlin plays in world politics, particularly in what concerns the maintenance of unity within the EU. Berlin aims at further constructive interaction with the USA in the frame of NATO as well as within other Trans-Atlantic formats. Notwithstanding the steady tendency toward increasing of the Washington policy’s critical perception degree in German society, officially Berlin continues as Washington’s true ally, partner and friend. There is every reason to believe that after the 2017 Bundestag elections, the new (the former) Chancellor will have to face a modernized Trans-Atlantic partnership philosophy, with a paradigm also devised in the spirit of the bloc discipline and commitments to allies. The main concern for Berlin is not to lose its sovereign right of decision-making, including the one that deals with problems of European security and relations with Moscow. Regrettably, Germany is not putting forward any innovative ideas on aligning a new architecture of European security with Russia’s participation. Meanwhile, German scholars and experts are trying to work out a tentative algorithm of a gradual return to the West’s full-fledged dialogue with Russia, which, unfortunately, is qualified as an opponent by many politicians. Predictably, the Crimea issue will remain a long-lasting political irritant in relations between Russia and Germany. Although not every aspect of Berlin’s activation in its foreign policy finds support of the German public, and the outburst of anti-American feeling is obvious, experts believe that the government of the FRG is “merely taking stock of these phenomena and ignores them”. Evident is the gap between the government's line and the feeling of the German parties’ basis – the public. It is noteworthy that the FRG has not yet adopted the Law on Holding General Federal Referendums on key issues of the domestic and foreign policy. There is every indication to assume that the real causes of abandoning the nationwide referendums are the reluctance of the German ruling bureaucracy and even its apprehensions of the negative voting returns on sensitive problems, – such as basic documents and decisions of the EU, the export of German arms, relations with the U.S., etc. The harmony between Berlin’s "Realpolitik" and German public opinion is not yet discernible within the system of Trans-Atlantic axes.
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Veitch, Kenneth. "Social policy and the government of waste." Capital & Class 42, no. 2 (August 7, 2017): 297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816817723283.
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This article argues that key elements of contemporary social policy can be fruitfully analysed through the lens of waste. Drawing on work identifying the importance of waste and waste disposal in the history of modernity and early liberal theory, this article develops two concepts of waste – waste as inertia and waste as excess – and uses these to shed light on aspects of recent social policy in the areas of unemployment, healthcare and higher education. In particular, it is argued that the theme of waste is able to capture the desire of recent governments to deploy social policy explicitly to economic ends – including economic growth and capital – and the consequences it sets in motion for citizens who fail to comply with stipulated obligations. It is also argued that the government of waste is a source of political legitimacy for the state.
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Belov, Vladislav. "The Coronavirus Crisis versus Social and Market Economy of Germany." Contemporary Europe 104, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope420215870.
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The coronavirus crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on all aspects of the German social market economy. For the first time in history, the crisis was caused by factors of a non-economic nature. They manifested themselves in all economies of the world, including Europe. Since March 2020, the federal and state executive authorities of Germany, along with the introduction of restrictive measures for the population and business, have adopted several large-scale economic and political programmes aimed at preventing bankruptcies of economic entities, preserving jobs and social stability in the country. Along with short-term instruments designed to stop the decline in GDP and give impetus to its growth, the German state pursued an active and coordinated with Brussels structural policy aimed at ensuring an energy and digital transition to a climate-neutral economy, including the overcoming the deficits and problems revealed by the pandemic in the country's economy. To this end, Berlin abandoned the budget surplus policy and switched to large-scale external borrowing to finance programmes to bring economy out of the crisis. The author analyzes the results of the impact of the coronavirus crisis on the economic space of Germany, including aspects of its stress resistance and competitiveness, explores the effectiveness of state policy to counter crisis and assesses the prospects for the development of Russia's leading foreign economic partner in the west of the Eurasian continent.
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TACCONI, LUCA. "Developing environmental governance research: the example of forest cover change studies." Environmental Conservation 38, no. 2 (May 31, 2011): 234–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892911000233.
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SUMMARYEnvironmental problems are often complex and it is widely recognized that they cannot be satisfactorily addressed by single disciplines. The review of forest cover change studies points to the need to carry out research integrating economic, political, social and environmental aspects. Existing interdisciplinary study areas, namely ecological economics, political ecology, sustainability science and Earth system governance do not yet fully integrate all the required aspects. This paper points out that the establishment of greater synergies between those study areas would be beneficial in developing the broader study area of environmental governance. A definition of environmental governance as a subject of study is developed. Lack of an all encompassing theory of environmental governance is highlighted, while the improbability of such a theory is acknowledged. In relation to normative work, the refinement of principles of good environmental governance could support the design and prioritization of policies. Empirical research needs to include the testing of hypotheses arising from theoretical developments, assessment of policy uptake and new exploratory research. Methodologically, environmental governance might start from an interdisciplinary approach followed by further integration leading to a transdisciplinary study area that uses a mixed methods research approach.
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Kuzmenko, N. "Problems of socio-economic development of national districts and village councils in the Ukrainian SSR in 1920–1930 s: legal aspects." National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, no. 1(45) (December 14, 2020): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2020.1(45).226498.
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The article considers the legal aspects of socio-economic development of national districts and village councils in the Ukrainian SSR in the 1920 s and 1930 s.It is established that during the 1920 s and 1930 s the legal policy on the socio-economic development of the territories of compact residence of the national minorities of the USSR had different tendencies and different intensity of implementation. At the stage of the establishment of Soviet power, the essence of the national policy of the Bolsheviks was mainly to equalize the rights of representatives of different nationalities. At the same time, national equality in the USSR was enshrined at the constitutional level and proclaimed in all social spheres: political and legal, socio-economic and cultural-national. It was found that the equal redistribution of landholdings of foreign colonists in favour of Ukrainian or Russian peasants led to the liquidation of national parishes and economic decline of national minorities, as well as increased emigration among colonists and laid the groundwork for worsening interethnic relations.It is proved that the policy of indigenization initiated in the mid-1920 s, which extended to the socioeconomic sphere, contributed to the more active involvement of national minorities in productive activities, improving their socio-economic situation, increasing their political activity and culture, overcoming tensions. Sphere of interethnic relations. The refusal of the Soviet leadership in the early 1930 s from the achievements of the national policy of the 1920 s led to growing dissatisfaction among national minorities and protests, as well as aggravated interethnic relations in the USSR. The necessity of taking into account socio-economic factors in the process of legal regulation of interethnic relations is substantiated
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LIMA, GILBERTO TADEU. "Power and conflict in macropolicy-making: a note on a political economy of an incomes policy." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 24, no. 4 (December 2004): 516–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-35172004-1608.
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ABSTRACT It is presented a brief and tentative analysis of some political economy aspects of a tax-based incomes policy by building on some contributions from the political microeconomy and the political macroeconomy. Primary attention is paid to some political and institutional requirements to be met by such policies, while troublesome technical issues are dealt with only to the extent that they have a bear- ing on those requirements.
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Grishin, I. "Current State and Prospect of Internal Political Development in Ukraine: Main Scenarios." World Economy and International Relations, no. 9 (2013): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-9-92-102.
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This publication presents information of the roundtable which took place in the editorial office of the MEMO Journal in April 2013. The roundtable participants' presentations aimed at analysing of the most important Ukraine political development aspects and tendencies, as well as educing of probable scenarios of the Ukrainian internal dynamics in the coming years. In particular, it was suggested that the Ukrainian policy fluctuation amplitude will nothing but increase.
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Vasil'ev, V. "Anti-Crisis Policies of A. Merkel in Framework of European Union." World Economy and International Relations, no. 5 (2013): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-5-56-66.
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The article explores specific political aspects of the policy line pursued by the FRG Chancellor A. Merkel as aimed to overcome the debt crisis in the debt-distressed countries of the European Union and to sustain the unity of Europe. It analyzes particular features of policy by the German Chancellor towards partners and competitors in the conditions of the European crisis.
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Zhilina, Nadezhda N. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION IN A CLOSED-CYCLE ECONOMY." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 11/3, no. 131 (2022): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2022.11.03.014.
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Modern political and economic realities indicate the strengthening of the regionalization of the state, the importance of regions in ensuring sustainable development is growing. The increased independence of the policy of the regions actualizes the search for the methodological foundations of sustainable development of the regions and the factors influencing this process. A promising solution capable of prevailing economic imbalances is the implementation of the concept of a green economy, within which the potential for growth is created and the impact of many sanctions is reduced. The article reveals the economic content of the «green» economy, systematizes methodological approaches to understanding its essence, substantiates the need for the development of the categorical and conceptual apparatus of the green economy.
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Leading Korean scholars, no name. "North Korea Facing Collapse: Domestic Political and Social and Economic Situation." World Economy and International Relations, no. 1 (2012): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-1-89-102.
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The paper deals with various aspects of economic and social crisis in the DPRK on the eve of 2010’s. Basically, there is an evident functional paralysis of the command economy that leads to its complete decay and breakdown. The result is emergence of a set of isolated sectors and segments living by different rules. Also, it triggers major social processes which undermine the stability of North Korean political system and its ideology. Different options of future developments are considered in the light of possible similarities with processes characteristic of the Soviet Union, East European countries and China in the past. Special attention is paid to actual and potential role of external factors, primarily to the influence of Chinese policy towards North Korea and the recent contacts with South Korea.
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Zaki Ewiss, M. A., Fatma Abdelgawad, and Azza Elgendy. "School educational policy in Egypt: societal assessment perspective." Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (June 11, 2019): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhass-05-2019-004.
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Purpose Educational policy is crucial to society. Its process is related to political, economic and cultural variables. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research in the field of applied social sciences, about how educational policies help to achieve societal objectives and welfare. This study aims to assess the concept and features of school education in Egypt during 1990-2017. Design/methodology/approach Secondary data were collected using governmental reports and educational institutional reports and assessed through specialized focus groups. Findings Results showed that, despite the multiplicity of strategies to reform the educational system, achievements and outcomes of educational processes are modest, and the developmental status of Egypt is lower than that of other countries. Studying educational outcomes indicated that school-education suffered from the predominance of quantity over quality and a serious inability to meet requirements of new knowledge era. Originality/value A novel future-oriented proposal for context, ethos and reforming aspects of educational policy will be suggested.
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Pituhina, M. "Developing International Migration Policy: Russia’s Contribution." World Economy and International Relations 59, no. 12 (2015): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-59-12-99-104.
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The article deals both with the international migration policy and the migration global governance. In the 21st century, the role of migration in the international political process is growing increasingly, the migration discourse is being seriously transformed, the migration situation in Northern and Western Europe changes completely. It is obvious that preventive measures are highly necessary to take. The experience of Northern Europe seems to be highly important for both successful practices determination and migration policy regulation in Russia. By September 2015, the Member States of the United Nations will have negotiated a set of sustainable development goals (SDGs). These goals will frame a new international development agenda to replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which expire at the end of 2015. Nowadays the International Organization for Migration is trying to integrate the migration subject into the international agenda, and there are three aspects highlighted: fostering partnerships on mobility and development; promotion and protection of migrants’ rights and wellbeing; reduction of human mobility costs. Today, Russia is active at migration global governance as well. It is visible that both the migration subject integration into the global agenda and the Millennium Development Goals revision are highly important for Russia’s authority strengthening on the international stage, in terms of present-day sanctions. This is the right way which reveals new possibilities for Russia as a global actor as well as new perspective for its influence on the international political process. The author also tries to interlink the migration process and the international political process, the international migration policy and the migration global governance. A new term of the international migration policy is introduced.
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Ewoh-Odoyi, Ethel. "How Gender Is Recognised in Economic and Education Policy Programmes and Initiatives: An Analysis of Nigerian State Policy Discourse." Social Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 6, 2021): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10120465.
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Many African states are involved in the frontline discourse on the fight for gender equality through the adoption of public policies, aiming to improve the lives of women through social, economic, and political development. In Nigeria, despite the adoption of Article 42 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 adapted from the United Nations principles of gender equality, which provides for equality and elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, the Nigerian state still struggles with different forms of gendered marginalisation issues against women in various aspects of Nigerian society; these issues are mainly due to cultural, economic, and legislative challenges. Therefore, this article explores how gender is recognized through public policy programmes and initiatives using a qualitative content analysis of relevant policy documents. The documents were collected from various government ministries and cover policy areas that represent entrepreneurship and economic activities in Nigeria between 2000 and 2020. The analysis confirms the recognition of gender in public policies by subjective bias and mediating access to education for female gender advancement in Nigerian society. Some gender gaps were also recognized and discussed in the article.
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Sergeeva, Svetlana L. "State Regulation of Social Policy During the Global Pandemic: Russian Experience and Foreign Practice." RUDN Journal of Public Administration 9, no. 1 (March 26, 2022): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2022-9-1-60-72.
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The focus of the study is the global pandemic COVID-19 and its negative impact that includes high mortality and pressure on the national and world economies. The author analyzes effective functioning of information and communication channels in the social sphere, related to reports of public health, prevention of outbreaks of epidemics and pandemics. There are evident problems with the delivery of information to various social groups about therapy, vaccination, which is also complicated by the fact that not all countries are sufficiently developed in a digital format, as well as domestic policies, norms, customs, personal biases, religion, news avoidance, quarantine fatigue, etc. All these factors increase the risks of destabilization of the socio-political system, increase the number of socio-political protests, and worsen the reputation of government and management bodies at different levels of political systems of states. The article analyses the theoretical aspects of the category social policy as one of the main directions of public policy and management. The author analyzed international experience and practices of state regulation of social policy during the global pandemic. The main attention was paid to social and economic support during the COVID-19 pandemic in contemporary Russia and the peculiarities of sectoral measures.
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Travkina, Natalya. "The Ambivalent Role of the Ukrainian Factor in US Domestic Policy." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 4 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760021659-1.
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The financial and economic turmoil of the XXI century has led to the fact that in the United States, domestic policy has gradually become dominant over foreign policy. In this regard, it would not be an exaggeration to say that foreign policy in a number of its key aspects has become a logical and integral continuation of the domestic political course of various American administrations, including the administration of J. Biden. In the conditions of the growing socio-economic crisis, which took the form of the "Biden recession", the democratic administration, which proved unable to cope with the growing wave of internal problems, firmly took the course of using the Ukrainian crisis to divert the attention of the broad strata of American society from the increasingly escalating domestic political problems, hoping at the same time, if not to maintain control over the US Congress, then at least minimize their losses in the upcoming midterm elections in November 2022. At the same time, the use of the "Ukrainian card" potentially gives the administration of J. Biden at the end of this year to use instruments of direct control over the political system of the United States, which are at the disposal of the head of the executive branch of government and the Supreme commander of the United States.
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Kochetkov, Dmitry M., and Irina A. Kochetkova. "Knowledge: From Ethical Category to Knowledge Capitalism." Changing Societies & Personalities 5, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/csp.2021.5.4.150.
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In the post-industrial economy, the efficiency of scientific knowledge generation becomes crucial. Researchers began to interpret knowledge as a factor of economic growth in the second half of the 20th century; since then, within the theory of economics and management, various approaches have been developed to study the impact of knowledge on economic growth and performance. With time, the focus of knowledge-based theories shifted from corporate management to macrosystems and economic policy. The article describes the main stages in the development of socio-economic concepts of knowledge and analyzes the theoretical and methodological aspects of each approach. The authors have also formulated the critical problems in the analysis of the economic category of knowledge at the present stage and suggested ways of overcoming them. The article may be of interest both to researchers and practitioners in the sphere of corporate strategies and economic policy.
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Eremin, A. "“Breaking the Continuity” of the Latin American Vector of US Foreign Policy under Donald Trump and the Crisis of Pan-Americanism (2017-2020)." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 5 (2022): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-5-68-77.
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In this article the author examines the process of revising the Latin American vector of US foreign policy under the presidency of Donald Trump. In particular, the paper analyzes the economic and political aspects of a new US policy in the Latin American region. The main focus of the research is on the reorganization of US economic relations with the countries of the region and cancellation of various financial aid programs and multilateral agreements, including the North American Free Trade Agreement. The main hypothesis of the paper is that US foreign policy under the 45th president underwent a profound change towards diminishing the role of the Latin American region among other foreign policy priorities of the United States. Vivid confrontation with China and the Russian Federation became the center of the contemporary foreign policy course of Washington, making relations with Latin American countries of secondary importance. This shift created a certain power vacuum in the region and opened additional opportunities for extraregional players. China could arguably become one of such players as it is known to have utilized Washington’s weakening grip on the region to its own economic and political benefit, expanding the “One belt, one road” initiative.