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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Economics/petroleum industry'
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1
Capozzi, D. Matthew. "An Evaluation of Mergers in the U.S. Petroleum Industry." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1370595486.
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Venugopal, Sajith Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "The economics of petroleum exploration and development in India." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Petroleum Engineering, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23410.
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This thesis provides the background to and an analysis of the economics of exploring for and developing oil and gas discoveries in India. It is aimed at helping the oil and gas industry assess the financial attractiveness of investment in that country. The thesis describes the geography, climate, infrastructure, and energy market with an emphasis on how these affect upstream oil and gas industry investment. A detailed description and analysis is given of the petroleum production sharing contract ("PSC") terms embodied in India's New Exploration Licensing Policy ("NELP"), and demonstrates that, depending on negotiations, Government Take under NELP terms is likely to be in the range 50% to 60% for a stand-alone petroleum development. However, PSC terms are regressive for marginal discoveries. In particular, State royalties might hinder the development of small or marginal discoveries and render them uneconomic. As an illustration, depending on the oil price, up to 6 MMbbls of oil in otherwise economically viable small fields in a geological basin might be made uneconomic and left stranded because of the effect of royalties. The thesis also analyses the economics of developing a sample of actual Indian oil and gas fields offshore the east and west coasts of the country in shallow and deep water. Onshore field developments are not analysed because of lack of data. All of the offshore developments analysed are profitable based on past and current economic conditions and knowledge. The majority are also relatively low-risk investments. Finally, the thesis evaluates the profitability of new oil and gas exploration and development offshore the east and west coasts of India. The required minimum size of new exploration prospects are in the range 10 to 17 MMbbls for oil prospects and 138 to 1,100 Bcf for gas prospects assuming a low probability of success. Once a new discovery is made, the required minimum economically developable reserves are 4 to 12 MMbbls for oil discoveries and 63 to 1,400 Bcf for gas discoveries.
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Desbarats, C. M. "Empirical modelling of Canadian petroleum exploration activity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381862.
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Myers, David F. C. "The evolution of the Peruvian oil business and its place in the international petroleum industry, 1880-1950." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239442.
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Gillam, James Thomas. "The Standard Oil Company in China (1863-1930) /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487324944215045.
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Savernini, Maira Q. M. "An Econometric Investigation of the Brazilian Ethanol Exports: The Role of Brazilian Sugar Export Prices and World Oil Prices." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1213135904.
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Amimer, Djamila. "Economic evaluation and optimisation of assets in the petroleum industry." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429572.
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Li, Wenkai. "Modeling oil refinery for production planning, scheduling and economic analysis /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CENG%202004%20LI.
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Rossiaud, Sylvain. "L'évolution de la structure de gouvernance pétrolière russe : une interprétation en termes néo-institutionnels." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734958.
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Cette thèse traite de l'évolution du cadre organisationnel et institutionnel de l'industrie pétrolière russe durant la période 1992-2012. Son objectif est de caractériser et d'interpréter l'accroissement du rôle des compagnies pétrolières à capitaux majoritairement publics, Rosneft et Gazpromneft, dans les opérations de l'amont pétrolier qui est observé depuis le milieu des années 2000. Dans ce cadre théorique de la Nouvelle économie institutionnelle, notre thèse soutient que le rôle accru des compagnies pétrolières publiques russes marque le passage d'une structure de gouvernance pétrolière libérale à une structure de gouvernance pétrolière hybride. Cela doit être interprété comme la réponse faisable, de la part des autorités fédérales, à l'incohérence existant entre la structure de gouvernance pétrolière libérale définie au début du processus de transition et l'environnement institutionnel prévalant en Russie.
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Mangano, Clifford Anthony. "Exchange rates, refinery flexibility, and international petroleum flows." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184945.
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The study analyses the relative separation of the effects of changes in a nation's dollar exchange rate and crude oil's dollar price on a country's short-run crude oil derived demand. It examines the role of the dollar exchange rate on domestic and international petroleum flows and discusses the short-run inefficiencies that occur due to adjustment times in a country's domestic petroleum market. A four-equation, structural model of a country's short-run petroleum demand function for its two petroleum flows (crude oil and imported product) was used. Using the translog function, estimates of direct and indirect dollar exchange rate effects were estimated. To account for the role of a nation's refinery industry on international petroleum flows, a measure of the industry's flexibility was developed. The industry is said to be flexible when it can alter its inputs' naturally occurring product fractions to more closely meet the country's final demand. The index developed in this study measures the industry's increase in its output product slate's weighted average API, relative to the weighted average API of its crude oil and feedstocks inputs, adjusted for the crude oil's naturally occurring product fractions.
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Yegge, Gerald P. "A market-oriented petroleum industry as a prerequisite to Russian economic security." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA305335.
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Tait, Hennie Leon. "Adapting retail business models for the petroleum industry." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1110.
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Deregulation as an open market system is likely to be implemented in the Petroleum industry of South Africa. To secure the success of the retail petroleum industry by means of business and job opportunities one has to investigate the current evolution of the industry and what factors will have a measurable impact on the retail petroleum industry.
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Ojum, Victor Chimenim. "A techno-economic analysis of artificial lift technique selection in the petroleum industry." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510641.
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Mrdalo, Zvonimir. "A comparison of the economic efficiency of the petroleum fiscal systems under uncertainty : a Monte Carlo simulation approach." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=189500.
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Navacelle-de, Maack Laetitia de. "Economic analysis of the oil producing countries’ strategies in the refining industry." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10001/document.
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La tendance sur le marché mondial du raffinage est à la fermeture ou aux réductions de capacités en Europe et en Amérique du Nord pendant que les nouveaux pays consommateurs, comme le sont certains pays producteurs, développent leur industrie. Depuis quelques années, les pays producteurs de pétrole ont annoncé la construction de "mega-projets" de raffinage et de pétrochimie de base. La question de la localisation des raffineries a été maintes fois posée depuis les années 1970 et plusieurs courants de la littérature proposent des éléments d'analyse selon les conditions économiques et politiques des pays. L'objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre les enjeux et les limites de l'intégration verticale des pays producteurs dans l'aval pétrolier, compte tenu des évolutions et perspectives sur l'offre de brut, la localisation de la demande et la mise en place accrue de politiques environnementales. Une analyse empirique des caractéristiques pétrolières et macroéconomiques des pays producteurs de pétrole permet d'identifier dans quel cadre théorique d'investissement les projets annoncés s'inscrivent. La revue de littérature permet de comprendre l'intégration dans l'aval, mais le développement de certains projets est plus difficile à expliquer. De ces analyses théoriques et empiriques, une typologie des pays producteurs est proposée selon leurs stratégies d'investissement. Par ailleurs, afin de mieux comprendre les marchés auxquels s'adressent ces nouveaux projets, une analyse économétrique des prix des produits pétroliers sur les marchés mondiaux majeurs est menée. Si la relation entre les prix des produits raffinés et le pétrole brut est significative, conformément à la littérature, la hiérarchie des prix entre les produits traduit une évolution de la demande. Une analyse de portefeuille est développée pour identifier les choix industriels efficaces qu'un pays producteur peut envisager pour assurer son développement économique en maîtrisant l'exposition aux risque de variation de ses revenus. Avec l'augmentation des enjeux industriels et financiers associés à ces nouvelles raffineries, la coopération des pays producteurs avec des Majors internationales permet de partager le risque et de répondre à leurs enjeux respectifs de développement économique. Chacune des parties maîtrise, en effet, certains facteurs de production essentiels à la réussite d'un projet qui, réunis, augmentent la valeur globale du projetOn the whole, the refining industry in North America and Europe is reduced as new consuming countries, like producing countries, are developing their industry. In the past years 'mega-projects' in refining and basic petrochemicals have been announced by petroleum producing countries. Since the 1970s the question of location is repeatedly asked and authors have presented elements to analyze its implementation in different economical and political contexts. This thesis intends to review the incentives and limits to vertical integration by the producing countries, given the current evolutions and future prospects for supply, location of demand and increasing environmental regulation. An empirical analysis of the petroleum and macro economical conditions in producing countries enables the positioning of current projects in the theoretical context. The literature review helps understand current developments, but some projects cannot as easily be explained. Based these theoretical and empirical analyses, a typology of petroleum producers is built according to their refinery investment strategies. Moreover in order to understand the opportunities for refiners on the world markets an econometric analysis of world refined oil prices is undertaken. The strong correlation to crude oil price is confirmed, as in historical literature, but with different hierarchies between products explained by evolution of demand. Based on the observations of petroleum countries and their opportunities on world markets, a portfolio analysis is developed to identify the efficient industrial choices a producing country may proceed with in order to ensure the local development while containing risk on variations of revenue. Because the industrial and financial stakes of these refining projects are greater than before and they represent a lion's share of the future offer in refining, joint cooperation of producing countries with International Oil Companies enable a share of risk while also benefiting both players in their development objectives. Indeed each party detains different factors of production, essential for the success of a refining project that, brought together, increase the global value of the project
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Waterworth, Alec Jonathan. "Transforming innovation systems in emerging economies : an evolutionary study of the Brazilian petroleum industry." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/transforming-innovation-systems-in-emerging-economies-an-evolutionary-study-of-the-brazilian-petroleum-industry(cd73ad2d-22c5-4855-914b-cf17fb018ea2).html.
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The thesis is submitted under the alternative format, comprising three papers. The key theoretical contribution of the thesis can be found in each of these papers. First, the thesis explores the relationship between national and sectoral systems of innovation, and emphasises the need for governmental policies at each level to be both coordinated and complementary. Second, it offers an examination of the emerging role of universities in innovation systems, which far exceeds the traditional perspective of universities as ‘knowledge suppliers’ and the more recent notion of the ‘entrepreneurial university’. Finally, it offers insight into the strategies of foreign MNEs under the context of industry clusters. The thesis discusses the development of the Brazilian petroleum innovation system following one of the largest oil and gas discoveries in the Americas for decades. The pre-salt oil reserves were discovered in 2007 and are estimated to amount to at least the 60 billion barrels of oil in the North Sea. They are located off the south-eastern coast of Brazil in ultra-deep water (i.e. depths greater than 1500m) and are named as such because they reside under a thick layer of salt (up to two kilometres in depth). The location of the reserves adds great complexity to the challenge of their extraction. It also offers opportunities for competitive advantage to those actors within the innovation system who successfully innovate in addressing this challenge. The study draws upon an empirical investigation that included forty-two in-depth interviews, conducted in 2014 and 2015, and is supplemented by documentary analysis. These interviews were largely held with governmental agencies, public universities and petroleum-focussed enterprises (both domestic SMEs and global MNEs). Each group of actors are discussed in a different empirical paper: the efforts of governmental regulatory agencies in creating innovation in Brazil’s national petroleum industry; the evolving role of public universities in pursuit of technology transfer and academic entrepreneurship; and the R&D strategies of several global oil and gas MNEs that have taken residence in the recently-established industry cluster in Rio de Janeiro. The thesis also offers much to practitioners: guidance for the enactors of innovation policy following a large natural resource discovery; a model for universities wishing to develop a portfolio of entrepreneurial support, which has been shown to greatly support a university’s own technology transfer objectives; and direction for foreign MNEs in how to adapt to changes in industry clusters. The need for and challenge of achieving cooperation between diverse actors in an innovation system are apparent throughout the thesis. This cooperation is even more important in emerging economies such of Brazil, which often suffer from a lack of coordination between actors.
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Dyaphu, Zamikhaya William. "The role of BEE in transforming the petroleum industry in South Africa : progress made since the signing of the industry charter on empowerment." Thesis, Unisa, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/150.
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Bolle, Paulo Roberto. "Regulamentação da industria do petroleo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/7842.
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Marengo, Umberto. "The European Union in the international energy regime and relations with the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, 1981-2013." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709420.
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Mohaddes, Kamiar. "Essays on oil and the macroeconomy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609652.
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Mobus, Janet Luft. "Environmental Accounting: The Relationship Between Pollution Performance and Economic Performance in Oil and Gas Refineries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279042/.
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A research study is undertaken to determine if economic incentives exist for noncompliance with regulatory standards, and if accounting related disclosure of regulatory enforcement actions is a determinant of environmental performance.
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Yang, Byung Nae. "Uncertainty and tangible assets in firm investment inter-industry evidence from APEC countries /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4686.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 15, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Samimi, Saeed. "Oil and economic development in Iran." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63384.
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Marong, Alhagi. "The role of law in sustainable development : a case study of the petroleum industry in Nigeria." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19479.
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The giant Pascua Au-Ag-Cu high-sulphidation system is located in the El Indio belt in north-central Chile, and is hosted mainly by Triassic granitic rocks and locally by Miocene breccia bodies. Hydrothermal activity involved two distinct high-sulphidation alteration stages, the later of which was accompanied by main stage mineralization. The early hydrothermal activity consisted of extensive and pervasive advanced argillic alteration, local development of vuggy silica and distal argillic to propylitic alteration. This alteration was locally overprinted by an intermediate stage comprising argillic alteration, silicification and primary jarosite, more or less contemporaneously with the formation of Brecha Central, the main breccia body in the deposit. The superimposed second major hydrothermal event produced significant advanced argillic and vuggy silica alteration. The latter likely formed at pH near 0 owing to the limited buffering capacity of previously altered rocks. Termination of the second stage of alteration coincided with the main Au-Ag-Cu mineralizing event, in which Au dissolved in pyrite and enargite, formed inclusions in these minerals, and precipitated as isolated grains of native gold. Detailed EPMA and SIMS imaging and analyses of pyrite and enargite show that both contain Au, Ag, As, Cu, Se and Te and that their distribution is crystallographically controlled. The main trace element associations in the mineralized pyrite are As-Ag, Au-Cu and Se-Te. I suggest that the first two, As-Ag and Au-Cu, were the result of coupled substitution in the Fe site, whereas Te and Se replace S by direct anion exchange. The nature of the coupled substitutions observed in the gold-bearing pyrite underlines the fact that gold is not necessarily coupled with arsenic as previously thought and that arsenic can behave as a metal in the structure of pyrite. Approximately 55% of the gold in the deposit was scavenged from mineralizing fluids that were mainly under-saturated with respect to native gold and trapped into the structure of pyrite and enargite (50 and 5%, respectively). The remaining 45%, including - 7% as inclusions in sulphides, precipitated mainly in the form of native gold with lesser calaverite for which the gold depositional mechanism is interpreted to be an increase in pH that destabilized AuHS and AuCb". Substantial late-stage Ag-enrichment, characterized by halogen-bearing phases, is evident in the upper parts of the deposit and overprints previous alteration and mineralization. The silver enrichment event is interpreted to represent the waning stage of the hydrothermal system. Secondary leaching and weathering of pyrite, enargite and alunite created two supergene products, one dominated by secondary soluble sulphates such as voltaite, massive coquimbite, chalcanthite, and romerite, and one by jarosite. Abundant sulphides in vuggy silica altered rocks, which lacked the capacity to neutralize later oxidizing fluids, were the main locus of formation of the soluble sulphates. Elsewhere, the pH likely rose above 1, which inhibited precipitation of soluble sulphates and favoured formation of jarosite. Direct-ion SIMS images and trace element analyses of soluble sulphates indicate that these minerals likely contain gold in their structures.
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Plourde, André. "Modelling the economic implications of offshore oil : the case of Hibernia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25958.
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The development and production of Canadian offshore petroleum deposits raises three key sets of issues of interest to economists. First are questions relating to the impact of royalties and taxes on producer decisions, and hence on the level and efficiency of resource taxation. Other issues concern the impacts on the overall economy during both the construction and production phases. A third set of issues relates to the distribution of powers and resource revenues between federal and provincial governments, including the links between provincial resource revenues and equalization payments.
This thesis develops a numerically tractable economic model designed to examine these issues. At the model's core is a one-to-one relationship between development plans and production profiles. This property is exploited in simulating the behaviour of a price-taking, net-present-value-maximizing producer under conditions of certainty.
The model is linked with a macroeconometric model of the Canadian economy to study the potential consequences of Hibernia, a petroleum deposit located in the Eastern Canadian offshore region. This deposit was chosen for analysis because its size, location and low costs (relative to current world oil prices) combine to raise all of the issues listed above.
In most cases studied, producer responses to government policies result in the dissipation of less than five percent of the deposit's net present value to society. Although cases are identified where these responses have more serious consequences, the resulting dissipation of potential net benefits never exceeds 15 percent. The extension of specific forms of royalty and tax relief to the producer generally reduces the distortionary effects of government policies.
The simulated exploitation of Hibernia induces small but sympathetic changes in most macroeconomic variables. The net crowding-out effects on other industries are shown to be relatively small, and to be more prevalent during the construction period.
The results suggest that the larger share of the net benefits accruing to governments flows to the provincial treasury under three of the revenue-sharing systems modelled. However, Newfoundland and Labrador would lose a substantial portion of its Hibernia revenues under all of the equalization systems modelled.Arts, Faculty of
Vancouver School of Economics
Graduate
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Oosthuizen, J. F. (Jan Francois). "A critique of the use of real option valuation to evaluate an oil industry refining project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50245.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The oil industry is under pressure to select refinery projects that will provide higher and more predictable returns. In the past Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) techniques have been used to choose between refinery project alternatives. One of the problems with DCF techniques is that they ignore management flexibility when evaluating projects that contain embedded options. Real Option Valuation (ROV) is an approach that takes management flexibility into account and places a value on this flexibility. ROV has been used extensively by the oil industry for the evaluation of oil and gas reserves. The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which the use of ROV will improve the decision making process when evaluating a refining project containing embedded options as well as to determine the most appropriate option valuation method for refining projects. This was done by evaluating a refining project using both a probabilistic DCF approach and the various option pricing models and comparing the results. It was concluded that ROV will improve the decision making process when evaluating refining projects containing embedded options. The most appropriate option pricing method for refining projects was found to be the simulation approach since simulation is already being used by refineries to perform probabilistic DCF analysis. It is not recommended that ROV should be blindly applied to all refining projects containing embedded options. The use of ROV should be limited to larger refining projects for which probabilistic cash flows have been developed and the extent of the ROV analysis required should be determined by a careful review of the net present value (NPV) cumulative probability curves.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die olie industrie is onder druk geplaas om projekte te kies met 'n hoër opbrengs op kapitaal en 'n opbrengs wat meer voorspelbaar is. In die verlede is slegs die Verdiskonteerde Kontant Vloei (VKV) metode gebruik om projekte te selekteer vir die raffinadery. Een van die onderliggende tekortkominge met die gebruik van die VKV metode is dat verskillende bestuursopsies in terme van alternatiewe met ingeboude opsies, nie voldoende ondersoek word nie. Reële Opsie Waardasie (ROW) is 'n metode wat bestuursopsies in ag neem deur 'n waarde te plaas op elke beskikbare bestuursopsie. ROW het wye toepassings in die olie industrie vir die evaluasie van gas en olie reserves. Die doel van hierdie studie is om te bepaal tot watter mate die gebruik van ROW die besluitnemingsproses sal verbeter in terme van die evaluasie van projekte met ingeboude opsies vir raffinaderye en watter opsiewaardasie metode die mees geskikte is vir sulke projekte. 'n Raffinadery projek is evalueer deur beide KV en verskeie opsie-prysbepalingsmetodes te gebruik en die resultate is vergelyk. Die resultate van die studie het bewys dat die ROW metode die besluitnemingsproses verbeter. Die studie het gewys dat die mees geskikte opsie-waardasie metode vir projekte in the raffinadery die simulasie benadering is omdat simulasie alreeds vir probalisties VKV ontleding gebruik word. 'n Verdere aanbeveling is dat die ROW metode nie blindelings gevolg moet word vir alle projekte met ingeboude opsies nie. Die gebruik van ROW moet beperk word tot groter projekte waarvoor probabilistiese kontantvloei alreeds ontwikkel is. Die mate van ROW ontleding moet bepaal word deur 'n noukeurige ondersoek te doen van die kumulatiewe netto huidige waarde-waarskynlikheidskurwe.
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Spiers, Scott A. "The cost and economic corruption of the Iraq war." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FSpiers.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Looney, Robert. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 18, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-76). Also available in print.
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Tannús, Sílvia Parreira. "Fluxos de comércio exterior, investimento direto externo e competitividade na indústria mundial de petróleo." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2014. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13456.
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The economic and strategic importance of oil made the issues related to energy security and access to oil reserves gain relevance from the 1990s on. It was within this context that the World Petroleum Industry, considered a paradigm of modern industrial organization of the 20th Century, restructured and experienced financial, technological and organizational innovations. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of such innovations on competitiveness, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and oil production and trade. Thus, performance indicators (Revealed Comparative Advantage, Market Share and Intra-Industry Trade) were built and analyzed along with FDI inflows. This analysis showed that the consolidation of competitive advantages in this industry strengthened its main features regarding industrial concentration, internationalization, vertical integration, and meaningful participation of state-owned enterprises.A importância econômica e estratégica do petróleo fez com que as questões relacionadas à segurança energética e ao acesso as reservas ganhassem mais importância a partir dos anos 1990. É neste contexto que a Indústria Mundial do Petróleo, considerada um paradigma da moderna organização industrial do século XX, se reestrutura e experimenta inovações de cunho financeiro, tecnológico e organizacionais. O objetivo principal desse trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de tais inovações sobre a competitividade, os fluxos de investimentos diretos externos (IDE), a produção e os fluxos comerciais de petróleo. Para tanto, foram construídos indicadores de desempenho (Vantagem Comparativa Revelada, de Market Share e de Comércio Intraindustrial) que foram analisados juntamente com os fluxos de IDE. Por meio dessa análise verificou-se que a consolidação de vantagens competitivas nessa indústria reforçaram suas características principais no que tange à concentração industrial, internacionalização, integração vertical e participação significativa de empresas estatais.
Doutor em Economia
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Haseeb, Dina Khair El-din. "Intra-Arab labor movement 1973-1985." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9915.
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Vellem, Nomtha. "The impact of oil price changes on selected economic indicators in South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1017862.
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The study examines the effect of oil price changes on selected economic indicators in South Africa. A VAR-5 model was applied to quarterly data of 1990:Q1-2012:Q4 estimating the impulse response functions, variance decomposition and Granger-causality tests. The findings allow for a conclusion that oil significantly affects the exchange rate and an inverse link between oil and GDP exists. A unidirectional relation is found where oil Granger-causes the exchange rate and GDP Granger-causes oil in South Africa.
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Du, Toit Gerda Maria. "Political risk and Chinese investments in the African oil and gas industry : the case of China National Petroleum Corporation in South Sudan." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79944.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.Bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Chinese national oil corporations have increased their foreign direct investments over the last decade in Africa, where the political environment of oil producing countries often expose the firms to high political risk. The analysis of political risk is increasingly relevant for the investment decision-making process of Chinese corporations, as changes in political dynamics of host countries can affect the opportunities and profitability of investments. The study emphasises the need for firm-specific political risk analysis as a decision-making tool for international businesses operating in foreign countries. The main research question of the study is concerned with the main indicators of political risk that Chinese corporations may face in the African oil and gas industry. Chinese oil corporations may be affected by political instability, international and internal conflict, corruption, and poor economic and social development in African countries. The political risk they face may be influenced by indicators such as the location of the oil operations, the relative importance of the Chinese oil firm to the host country’s oil industry, the competitive advantage and technical abilities of Chinese oil firms, the support of the Chinese government to state-owned firms, and economic relations that the host government have with China and the oil firm. The study follows a qualitative research approach by way of an empirical case study of the political risk faced by one of China’s national oil corporations, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), in South Sudan. A major part of CNPC’s business operations in Sudan was transferred to South Sudan after the country seceded from Sudan in July 2011. The political risk for CNPC in South Sudan is analysed and measured in accordance with an industry-specific political risk model for the oil and gas industry. The study finds that CNPC faces a high level of political risk in South Sudan since independence. An examination of the political risk analysis is done to serve as a basis for answering the main research question. The hostile relationship between South Sudan and Sudan in particular may expose CNPC to high political risk as it led to the shutdown of the oil industry and violent interstate conflict. However, CNPC’s political risk exposure may be mitigated by certain indicators, such as CNPC’s significance in the operation of the South Sudanese oil industry, CNPC’s attributes of being a Chinese state-owned enterprise, the availability of support from the Chinese government in the form of economic cooperation packages and CNPC’s technical abilities in exploration operations. Furthermore, while negative sentiments on the part of the South Sudanese government towards China and CNPC due to the latter’s close relations with Sudan might expose CNPC to high risk, the risk is mitigated by the high level of economic dependency of South Sudan on both China and CNPC.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die laaste dekade het Chinese nasionale oliekorporasies hulle buitelandse direkte beleggings in Afrika uitgebrei. Die politieke omgewing van hierdie lande veroorsaak egter dikwels dat hierdie firmas aan hoë politieke risiko blootgestel word. Omdat politieke dinamiek in gasheerlande die geleenthede en winsgewendheid van beleggings kan affekteer, is die analise van politieke risiko toenemend relevant in die beleggingsbesluitnemingsproses van Chinese oliekorporasies. Die hoof-navorsingsvraag in hierdie studie handel oor die hoofindikatore van politieke risiko waaraan hierdie korporasies in Afrika se olie- en gasindustrie blootgestel kan word. Politieke onstabiliteit, internasionale en nasionale konflik, korrupsie, asook swak ekonomiese en sosiale ontwikkeling in Afrikalande kan Chinese oliekorporasies affekteer. Die politieke risiko waaraan hulle blootgestel word, kan beïnvloed word deur faktore soos die ligging van oliebedrywighede, die relatiewe belangrikheid van die Chinese oliekorporasie vir die gasheerland se olie-industrie, die kompeterende voordeel en tegniese vermoëns van die Chinese oliekorporasies, die Chinese regering se ondersteuning van staatskorporasies en die ekonomiese verhoudings wat die gasheerland met China en die oliefirmas het. Die studie volg ‘n kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering by wyse van ‘n empiriese gevallestudie van die politieke risiko waaraan een van China se nasionale oliekorporasies, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), in Suid-Soedan blootgestel word. Sedert Suid-Soedan se onafhanklikheidswording in Julie 2011 is die grootste gedeelte van CNPC se bedrywighede in Soedan na Suid-Soedan oorgedra. Die politieke risiko vir CNPC is volgens ‘n industrie-spesifieke politieke risiko-model geanaliseer en bereken. Die studie toon dat CNPC inderdaad aan ‘n hoë vlak van politieke risiko blootgestel is sedert onafhanklikheid. Die politieke risiko-analise word ondersoek ten einde as basis te dien vir die beantwoording van die hoof-navorsingsvraag. In die besonder kan die vyandiggesinde verhouding tussen Suid-Soedan en Soedan CNPC blootstel aan hoë politieke risiko, onder andere vanweë die sluiting van die olie-industrie en die gewelddadige interstaat-konflik wat dit meegebring het. CNPC se blootstelling aan politieke risiko kan egter verminder word deur sekere faktore soos CNPC se beduidende belangrikheid in die bedryf van die Suid-Soedanese olieindustrie, CNPC se kenmerke as ‘n Chinese staatsonderneming, die beskikbaarheid van die ondersteuning van die Chinese regering in die vorm van ekonomiese samewerkingspakette asook CNPC se tegniese vermoëns in die veld van eksplorasiebedrywighede. Alhoewel die negatiewe sentiment in die Suid-Soedanese regering teenoor China en CNPC as gevolg van hulle noue verbintenis met Soedan vir CNPC aan hoë risiko kan blootstel, word hierdie risiko verminder deur Suid-Soedan se hoë vlak van ekonomiese afhanklikheid van CNPC en China.
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Rodrigues, Neto João. "A expectativa do petroleo : aspectos historicos do Rio Grande do Norte." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285526.
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Orientador: Jose Ricardo Barbosa GonçalvesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: o objetivo do presente trabalho foi discutir as questões relacionadas com a dinâmica do desenvolvimento e da industrialização brasileira, no pós-guerra, tendo como eixo central o petróleo e especificamente, o papel da Petrobrás nesse processo. Destaca-se a história da Petrobrás desde os anos de 1940 até o início dos anos de 2000, assim como, o envolvimento da sociedade brasileira nas discussões, ao eleger a questão do petróleo como fundamental para impulsionar o processo de industrialização brasileira, enquanto atividade estratégica para consolidar o desenvolvimento e capaz de assegurar a soberania nacional. Dentro desse cenário, discutem-se os momentos de crises da Petrobrás, com evidências da quebra do monopólio estatal do petróleo ou sua privatização, além da crise internacional dos preços do petróleo, e, como a Holding Petrobrás foi capaz de superá-Ias, porque a lógica do nacional (voltada para o desenvolvimento ou industrialização do país) é substituída pela lógica do internacional (da financeirização internacional e expansão de suas atividades no exterior). Todas essas mudanças, ocorridas na Petrobrás, resultaram em novas políticas, de intensificação das atividades de exploração e produção de petróleo no território nacional. Evidenciam-se dentro desse processo, as possibilidades de realização do sonho do petróleo, no Rio Grande do Norte, resultado de uma crença do seu povo desde os anos de 1950, e, concretizado com a implantação das atividades da Petrobrás, na década de 1970,promoveu transformações tanto na economia, como na estrutura produtiva estadual
Abstract: The objective of the present work was discuss the questions related with the dynamic of development and Brazilian industrialization, in the postwar, having like central axis the oil and specifically, the importance of the Petrobrás in that trial. Detaches it the history of Petrobrás since 1940 until the beginning of the years 2000, such as the involvement of Brazilian society in the arguments, upon electing the question ofthe oil as fundamental for stimulate the trial of Brazilian industrialization,while strategic activity for consolidate the development and capable of assure the national sovereignty. While strategic activity for consolidate the development and capable of assure the national sovereignty. Inside that setting, it discuss the moments of crises of Petrobrás, with evidences of the break of the state-owned monopoly of the oil or his privatization, beyond the intemational crisis of the prices of the oil, and, as the Holdings Petrobrás was capable of exceed-them, because of the national logic (centralities on development or industrialization of the country) is replaced by the logical of the intemational one (financirizing intemational and expansion of activities in the outside). They show up inside that trial, the possibilities of achievement of the dream of the oil, in Rio Grande do Norte, result of a belief of their people since 1950, and, fixed with the implementation of Petrobrás activities, in the decade of 1970,promoted transformations so much in the economy, as in the state productive structure
Doutorado
Historia Economica
Doutor em Economia Aplicada
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Heiat, Abbas. "An econometric study of an oil-exporting country: the case of Iran." PDXScholar, 1986. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/564.
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The main objective of this study is to contribute toward an analytical and empirical work on the oil-based developing economy of Iran. It focuses on the aggregate behavior of the Iranian economy through a simple linear econometric model. After a survey of the literature on the theoretical framework of macroeconomic models for the developing countries in general, and for the oil exporting developing countries in particular, a linear econometric model for the Iranian economy is formulated and its logical and economical aspects are explained. The proposed model consists of basic consumption, production, foreign trade, and employment relationships. Estimation of the behavioral equations are carried out by Ordinary Least Square and Two Stage Least Square estimators. The model is estimated over the period of 1959-76. Data published by the Plan and Budget Organization of Iran in the 1978 edition of the "Economic Trends of Iran" are used for the estimation of the parameters of the model. Historical simulation of the model has been performed to test the validity and the fitness of the model as a whole. The results obtained from the estimation of the consumption functions seem to indicate that the aggregate Iranian consumption behavior can be best explained by Friedman's Permanent Income Hypothesis. An attempt has been made to estimate the aggregate production function of the urban sector according to various Cobb-Douglas production functions and linear production function with constant returns to scale. All of these specifications gave implausible results. In general, the results of this study demonstrate that the links between different sectors of the Iranian economy are very weak and the import substitution strategy of the government during the period of study failed to establish a genuine domestic industrial base and to reduce its dependence on foreign resources.
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Uzhegov, Sergey. "Capital concentration and petroleum abundance in economies of Eurasia - Russia, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan : microeconomic performance and macroeconomic dynamics." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC182/document.
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Cette recherche explore l’impact de l’apparition des milliardaires et de l’abondance pétrolière sur la trajectoire du développement de la Russie, du Kazakhstan, et de l’Azerbaïdjan. L’accumulation très contentieuse de patrimoines extraordinaires se déroule en parallèle avec la récession économique et la transformation des anciens propriétaires des biens d’état en main-d’œuvre mal payée, avec des milliers de manifestants dans les rues de la Russie en 2017, qui 100 ans après la Révolution de 1917, posent les mêmes questions : ‘qui est propriétaire de quoi ?’ et ‘quel est le niveau d’efficacité ?’. Afin d’apporter des ‘données concrètes’ au débat, l’étude : premièrement, analyse le processus de l’émergence des milliardaires, avec concentration sur la légitimité et l’équité sociale ; et deuxièmement, évalue leur performance comparative. En analysant la période de 9 ans de 2007 à 2015, il considère 300 entités juridiques, composées de 3 groupes d’entreprises : 100 de milliardaires, 100 du gouvernement, et 100 d’entrepreneurs. Afin de recueillir les différences de performance, l’étude utilise 25 mesures financières, dans 2 catégories - 5 paramètres de comptabilité et 20 ratios financiers. Simultanément, le paradoxe de sous-performance économique de ces 3 pays pétroliers du Continent Eurasiatique est examiné. Dans le but de surmonter les difficultés de la route axée sur les ressources naturelles, l’étude suggère : 1. un nouveau cadre analytique : un algorithme diagnostic et un modèle de processus ; 2. le modèle de croissance, incluant le pétrole et les institutions ; 3. le modèle empirique, exposant les liens des éléments d’analyse avec la dynamique macroéconomiquePresent research is an inquiry into implications of emergence of billionaires and petroleum-abundance on development trajectory of Russia, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan. Highly-controversial accumulation of massive fortunes is going in parallel with economic downturn and transformation of collective owners of state assets into low-paid labor-force, with thousands of street-protesters in Russia in 2017, who 100 years after 1917 Revolution raise the same questions: ‘who owns what?’ and ‘how efficiently?’ In order to contribute ‘hard data’ to debate, current investigation: first, explores a process of formation of billionaires, focusing on legitimacy and social fairness; and second, evaluates their comparative performance. Analyzing 9-year 2007-15 timespan, it considers 300 legal entities, comprised by 3 groups of companies: 100 of billionaires, 100 of government, and 100 of entrepreneurs. To elicit performance differences this study refers to 25 financial metrics, composed by 2 categories – 5 core accounting parameters and 20 financial ratios. Alongside, a paradox of economic underperformance of these 3 petronations of Eurasian Continent is explored. To overcome adversities of resource-based path, the study suggests: 1. novel analytical framework: diagnosis algorithm and process model; 2. growth model’s setup, embracing petronational and institutional dimensions; and 3. empirical model, exposing links of analysis’ elements with macroeconomic dynamics
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Si, Liao [UNESP]. "Parceria Brasil - China: a questão do petróleo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134098.
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000857486.pdf: 1178541 bytes, checksum: ee7fe0826f3aaaba2b0ae3bf9ba42c9d (MD5)Desde a viagem do então presidente chinês Hu Jintao ao Brasil, em 2004, o comércio bilateral sino-brasileiro caracterizou-se por uma taxa de crescimento acentuada. No que se refere ao petróleo, as condições de crescimento que devem surgir na indústria brasileira de petróleo nos próximos anos e o elevado grau de importância que a China atribui a sua segurança energética contribuem para que os dois países atuem em conjunto também na área de energia. Neste contexto, torna-se muito importante e significativo avaliar oportunidades e desafios de cooperação entre Brasil e China no setor energético, especialmente o petróleo, no decorrer dos próximos anos. O texto discute três questões principais: 1) como está a relação bilateral entre Brasil e China? O que conquistamos no passado e quais são os problemas que prejudicam esta relação?; 2) como são as estratégias energéticas da China e do Brasil e quais são os principais interesses no campo energético dos dois países?; e 3) como estão as cooperações sino-brasileira na área de petróleo e quais os interesses chineses no campo de petróleo brasileiro?
Since Chinese president Hu Jintao visited Brazil, in 2004, bilateral trade between China and Brazil grew up fast. Regarding the oil industry, the Brazilian oil industry should increase in the following years. Since China addresses a huge importance to its energy safety, this should contribute to both countries to work together. In this context, it becomes really important to evaluate opportunities and challenges in Brazilian-Chinese cooperation regarding energy, especially oil, during the following years. The text focuses on three main issues: first, how it is the bilateral relationship between Brazil and China? What was accomplished in the past and what are the problems that influenced this relationship? Second, how are Chinese and Brazilian energy strategies and what are the main interests from both countries in the energy field? Third, how it is the Chinese-Brazilian cooperation in the oil sector, and what are the Chinese interests in the Brazilian oil field?
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Si, Liao. "Parceria Brasil - China : a questão do petróleo /." São Paulo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134098.
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Orientador: Tullo VigevaniBanca: Gilmar Masiero
Banca: Marcos Cordeiro Pires
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas"
Resumo: Desde a viagem do então presidente chinês Hu Jintao ao Brasil, em 2004, o comércio bilateral sino-brasileiro caracterizou-se por uma taxa de crescimento acentuada. No que se refere ao petróleo, as condições de crescimento que devem surgir na indústria brasileira de petróleo nos próximos anos e o elevado grau de importância que a China atribui a sua segurança energética contribuem para que os dois países atuem em conjunto também na área de energia. Neste contexto, torna-se muito importante e significativo avaliar oportunidades e desafios de cooperação entre Brasil e China no setor energético, especialmente o petróleo, no decorrer dos próximos anos. O texto discute três questões principais: 1) como está a relação bilateral entre Brasil e China? O que conquistamos no passado e quais são os problemas que prejudicam esta relação?; 2) como são as estratégias energéticas da China e do Brasil e quais são os principais interesses no campo energético dos dois países?; e 3) como estão as cooperações sino-brasileira na área de petróleo e quais os interesses chineses no campo de petróleo brasileiro?
Abstract: Since Chinese president Hu Jintao visited Brazil, in 2004, bilateral trade between China and Brazil grew up fast. Regarding the oil industry, the Brazilian oil industry should increase in the following years. Since China addresses a huge importance to its energy safety, this should contribute to both countries to work together. In this context, it becomes really important to evaluate opportunities and challenges in Brazilian-Chinese cooperation regarding energy, especially oil, during the following years. The text focuses on three main issues: first, how it is the bilateral relationship between Brazil and China? What was accomplished in the past and what are the problems that influenced this relationship? Second, how are Chinese and Brazilian energy strategies and what are the main interests from both countries in the energy field? Third, how it is the Chinese-Brazilian cooperation in the oil sector, and what are the Chinese interests in the Brazilian oil field?
Mestre
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Al-Roubaie, Amer S. A. "Oil revenues, capital expenditures and structural change : the case of Iraq, 1950-1980." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=73972.
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Soares, Junior Emanuel Marçal Cavalcante. "A indústria petrolífera e o crescimento econômico do Amazonas." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2010. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2464.
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Previous issue date: 2010-04-30A grande esperança é que o consumidor de energia elétrica no Brasil tenha no médio prazo uma matriz energética global cada vez mais diversificada, segura, econômica, e saudável ao meio ambiente, dentre as quais a eólica e a fotovoltaica, sendo que as usinas térmicas a óleo diesel ou carvão mineral, no Estado do Amazonas serão adaptadas ou convertidas ao gás natural. Os investimentos em Tecnologia da Informação reduzirão os custos do setor, que ganhará agilidade ao responder rapidamente a mudanças de demanda no mercado. A aplicação de sistemas inteligentes oferece respostas ao gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimento das usinas já em operação e igualmente às futuras plantas. Dentre as funções das TI s está a aplicação de portais colaborativos na gestão do conhecimento, na integração de equipes, ou na automação de instrumentos e sensores inteligentes interligados, permitindo assim agilidade e precisão à administração no fornecimento de eletricidade. O gás natural veicular (GNV), por seu turno, é potencialmente um vetor de crescimento econômico em Manaus, com diferencial competitivo já que é um combustível ambientalmente mais correto que o diesel e a gasolina, além de ser mais viável economicamente falando; o gás natural praticamente não gera particulados, tampouco dióxido de enxofre, sendo que as emissões de dióxido de carbono acontecem em média 30% menor em relação a outros combustíveis. Esta dissertação intitulada A Indústria Petrolífera e o Crescimento Econômico do Amazonas tem como objetivo geral investigar as possibilidades reais que a produção amazonense de petróleo e gás possui para incrementar o desenvolvimento do Estado e de sua capital Manaus. Quanto aos objetivos específicos são os seguintes: averiguar a matriz energética brasileira, destacando a usina térmica movida pelo gás natural; analisar a importância do processamento de pedidos e das tecnologias de Informação (TIs), da gestão estratégica e da logística, bem como suas características principais; avaliar as perspectivas de incremento do GNV como vetor do crescimento econômico de Manaus. O problema aventado neste estudo é: Por que o Gás Natural produzido no Estado do Amazonas não é plenamente utilizado para o crescimento econômico da região? E quais as dificuldades para a implantação e incremento desse combustível em Manaus? Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de uma revisão da literatura, através da técnica da pesquisa bibliográfica. Quanto aos fins, é uma pesquisa descritiva, explicativa e analítica. Concluiu-se que com a finalização do gasoduto Coari-Manaus torna-se animador o cenário econômico para os amazonenses e manauaras no que diz respeito à razoabilidade dos custos de energia elétrica e combustível GNV. Entretanto, é necessário que haja pressão dos consumidores para que possam fazer a diferença no jogo de interesse entre os grandes trustes e cartéis dos combustíveis e dos setores energéticos outros
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Wakeford, Jeremy J. "Socioeconomic implications of global oil depletion for South Africa : vulnerabilities, impacts and transition to sustainability." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71729.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Oil is the quintessential resource in the modern industrial economy. It accounts for a third of world primary energy, fuels 95% of global transport systems, sustains a highly mechanised agribusiness and food distribution industry, and provides the feedstock for a staggering array of petrochemical products. Historically, global economic growth has been closely coupled with consumption of energy in general and oil in particular. Yet oil is a finite resource subject to depletion, which has profound implications for the long-term sustainability of industrial civilisation. This dissertation addresses a serious dearth of attention given to this vital subject within South African energy, economic and policy discourses. The overarching aims are to understand the implications of global oil depletion for socioeconomic welfare in South Africa and to propose viable strategies and policies for mitigating and adapting to potential negative impacts. A comparative evaluation of three fields of study found that neoclassical economics is limited by its monistic and reductionist approach and its failure to adequately incorporate energy into its key theoretical models, whereas ecological economics and the socioecological systems approach together provide an appropriate, holistic lens for analysing the role of energy in socioeconomic systems. In this view, energy is the master resource: it is a pre-requisite for economic activity and societal complexity. A review of the literature on global oil depletion finds that a peak and decline in world oil production appears imminent, while world oil exports most likely peaked in 2005. Moreover, the energy return on (energy) investment (EROI) for global oil production is on a declining trend. The world oil peak thus marks the end of the era of cheap and abundant oil. Increasing oil scarcity will likely be reflected in oil prices following a rising trend with heightened volatility. While there are many potential substitutes for oil, all have significant limitations, most have lower EROI than oil, and it may take decades to scale them up sufficiently. Many aspects of the South African socioeconomic system are either directly or indirectly dependent on petroleum fuels, while structural features of the economy and society render them vulnerable to external shocks. Historical evidence and empirical models suggest that oil price and supply shocks will have debilitating socioeconomic impacts. Under business-as-usual policies and behaviours, future oil scarcity will likely lead at best to a gradual contraction in the economy with rising unemployment and inflation, and at worst to systemic collapse of interconnected critical infrastructure systems. A comprehensive range of mitigation measures are proposed, including accelerated investments in renewable energy and electrified mass transport, agro-ecological farming, greening the economy, monetary system reform, and rationing schemes to protect the most vulnerable members of society. Together these measures can build resilience to shocks and gradually decouple economic activity from petroleum consumption. A successful societal transition from a fossil fuel based industrial regime to a sustainable socioeconomic regime requires purposive government intervention, the promotion of sustainability-oriented innovations in technology and institutions, and the political will to surmount obstacles such as powerful vested interests and socio-technical lock-in.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Olie is die kern-hulpmiddel in die moderne bedryfsgerigte ekonomie. Dit is verantwoordelik vir ’n derde van die wêreld se primêre energie, verskaf die aandrywing vir 95% van alle vervoerstelsels, onderhou ’n hoogs gemeganiseerde landboubedryf en voedselverspreidingsnywerheid, en voorsien die voerstof vir ’n verstommende reeks petrochemiese produkte. Histories beskou, is globale ekonomiese groei ten nouste gekoppel aan die verbruik van energie oor die algemeen en aan olie in die besonder. Tog is olie ’n beperkte hulpbron wat onderworpe is aan uitputting en lediging, en dit hou gevolglik onmeetlike implikasies vir die algemene langtermyn volhoubaarheid van nywerhede in. Dié verhandeling neem die ernstige gebrek aan aandag binne Suid-Afrikaanse diskoerse oor energie, ekonomie en beleidsrigtings wat betref hierdie lewensbelangrike onderwerp, in oënskou. Die oorkoepelende doelwitte is om die implikasies van globale olie-uitputting op sosio-ekonomiese welvaart in Suid-Afrika te begryp, en om lewensvatbare strategieë en beleidsrigtings voor te stel waarvolgens potensiële negatiewe invloede getemper en by aangepas kan word. ’n Vergelykende evaluering van drie studieterreine het bevind neoklassieke ekonomie is beperk weens sy monistiese en verlagingsbenadering en sy mislukking om energie doelmatig in te sluit by sy sleutel teoretiese modelle, terwyl die benaderings van die ekologiese ekonomie en die sosio-ekologiese stelsels saam ’n toepaslike holistiese lens bied vir die analisering van die rol van energie in sosio-ekonomiese stelsels. In dié opsig is energie die meester-hulpmiddel: dit is ’n voorvereiste vir ekonomiese bedrywigheid en gemeenskapsverbondenheid. ’n Oorsig van die literatuur oor globale olie-lediging toon dat ’n toppunt en daling in wêreldolieproduksie onvermydelik blyk te wees – globale olie-uitvoer het na alle waarskynlikheid sy toppunt in 2005 bereik. Voorts toon die energie-opbrengs op (energie) investering, ofte wel EROI, ten opsigte van wêreldolieproduksie ’n dalende tendens. Die wêreldolie-toppunt dui dus op die einde van die era van goedkoop en oorvloedige olie. Toenemende olieskaarste sal waarskynlik blyk uit oliepryse wat ’n stygende tendens volg gepaard met verskerpte veranderlikheid. Hoewel daar talle potensiële plaasvervangers vir olie bestaan, het almal beduidende beperkinge, die meeste se EROI is laer as olie s’n en dit kan dekades duur alvorens hulle genoegsaam opgegradeer sal kan word. Vele aspekte van die Suid-Afrikaanse sosio-ekonomiese stelsel is of direk of indirek afhanklik van petroleum-brandstowwe, terwyl strukturele kenmerke van die ekonomie en samelewing hulle kwesbaar vir eksterne skokke laat. Lesse uit die verlede en empiriese modelle dui daarop dat die olieprys en skokke rondom die voorsiening daarvan verlammende sosio-ekonomiese impakte en invloede tot gevolg sal hê. Onder ’n sake-soos-gewoonlik-beleid en optrede, sal toekomstige olieskaarste, optimisties beskou, waarskynlik aanleiding gee tot geleidelike inkrimping van die ekonomie met gepaardgaande stygende werkloosheid en inflasie – pessimisties beskou, kan dit die sistematiese ineenstorting van kritiesbelangrike en onderling verbonde infrastruktuurstelsels beteken. ’n Omvattende reeks verligtingsmaatreëls word voorgestel, insluitende versnelde investering in hernubare energie en geëlektrifiseerde massavervoer, agro-ekologiese landbou, vergroening van die ekonomie, monetêre stelselhervorming en rantsoeneringskemas om die mees kwesbare lede van die samelewing te beskerm. Saam kan dié maatreëls veerkragtigheid vestig teen skokke en ekonomiese bedrywigheid geleidelik van petroleumverbruik losmaak. ’n Geslaagde samelewingsoorgang van ’n fossielbrandstof-gebaseerde nywerheidsbestel na ’n volhoubare sosio-ekonomiese bestel vereis doelmatige regeringsintervensie, die bevordering van volhoubaar-georiënteerde innovasies in
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Kurdi, Ammr. "Regulation and Political Costs in the Oil and Gas Industry: An Investigation of Discretion in Reporting Earnings and Oil and Gas Reserves Estimates." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30481/.
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This study investigates the use of discretion by oil and gas companies in reporting financial performance and oil and gas reserve estimates during times of high political scrutiny resulting from increases in energy prices. Hypotheses tested in prior literature state that companies facing the risk of increasing taxes or new regulations reduce reported earnings to reduce this risk. This study uses a measure of high profitability (rank order of return on assets relative to industry peers) to identify oil and gas companies more likely to manage earnings during the period from 2002 to 2008. Two measures of discretionary accruals (total and current discretionary accruals), and a measure of discretionary depreciation, depletion, and amortization (DDA) were used as indicators of discretion exercised in reporting earnings. Data on oil and gas reserve disclosures was also hand-collected from Forms 10-K to investigate whether managers use reserve estimate revisions to reduce reported earnings through increasing the annual depletion expense. Results suggest that both oil and gas refining and producing firms use negative discretionary accruals to reduce reported earnings. Results also indicate that profitability is an important determinant of the use of negative discretionary accruals by these companies regardless of the time period examined. There is also evidence that oil and gas producing firms opportunistically revise their oil and gas reserve estimates to increase depreciation, depletion, and amortization expense during periods of high oil prices.
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Akpan, Wilson Ndarake. "Between the 'sectional' and the 'national' : oil, grassroots discontent and civic discourse in Nigeria." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003082.
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This thesis examines the social character of petroleum-related grassroots struggles in Nigeria’s oil-producing region. It does this against the background of the dominant scholarly narratives that portray the struggles as: a) a disguised pursuit of an ethnic/sectional agenda, b) a 'minority rights' project, and c) a minority province’s protest against 'selective' environmental 'victimisation' by the majority ethnic nationalities. While the dominant scholarly analyses of the struggles are based on the activities of the better known activist organisations operating in the oil region, this thesis focuses primarily on the everyday 'grammar' of discontent and lived worlds of ordinary people vis-à-vis upstream petroleum operations and petroleum resource utilisation. The aim has been to gain an understanding of the forces driving community struggles in the oil region and their wider societal significance. Examined alongside the narratives of ordinary people are the legal/institutional framework for upstream petroleum operations and the operational practices of the oil-producing companies. Using primary data obtained through ethnography, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and visual sociology, as well as relevant secondary data, the researcher constructs a discourse matrix, showing how grassroots narratives in selected oilproducing communities intersect with contemporary civic discourses in the wider Nigerian context. The thesis highlights the theoretical and policy difficulties that arise when the social basis of petroleum-related grassroots struggles and ordinary people’s narratives are explained using an essentialist idiom. It reveals, above all, the conditions under which so-called 'locale-specific' struggles in a multi-ethnic, oil-rich African country can become a campaign for the emancipation of ordinary people in the wider society. This research extends the existing knowledge on citizen mobilisation, extractive capitalism, transnational corporate behaviour, and Nigeria’s contemporary development predicament. It sheds light on some of the processes through which ordinary people are forcing upon the state a change agenda that could drive the country along a more socially sensitive development and democratisation trajectory.
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Heyns, Anri. "Empowerment through mine community development: how the politics of development perpetuate poverty in mining areas – a legal theoretical analysis." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32685.
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The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (“MPRDA”) and the Broad-Based Socio-Economic Empowerment Charter for the South African Mining and Minerals Industry (“Mining Charter”), created in terms of the MPRDA, aim to address the exploitative legacies of past discriminatory practices in the mining industry. Impoverished mining communities stand to benefit from empowerment under the Mining Charter in the form of mine community development – one of the elements that constitute a mining right holder's commitment under the Mining Charter. Despite this legislative intervention and the relative wealth generated by the extraction of mineral resources, poverty and conflict have become the stereotypical images associated with mining areas. This project aims to determine why the empowerment of mining communities through mine community development perpetuates poverty from the past and creates new inequalities. To answer this main question, it is considered how the historical context within which the relevant policy and legislation were created, affected legislative drafting. Second, the effects of promoting development and empowerment in legislative provisions are explored to determine which worldviews and underlying values are being promoted by the legislative instruments under discussion. Furthermore, it is considered how these worldviews and underlying values affect how mining communities, subjected to harsh socio-economic living conditions, are depicted in legislative provisions. Here, it is specifically considered what the notion of “community” signifies in a development context and how “community” is represented in legislation. The thesis is a theoretical exposition of the ideological assumptions underlying the concepts “development”, “empowerment”, “community” and “poverty”. It is shown that “mine community development” is an inherently contradictory notion in South African law. The development paradigm implies the universalisation of values, effectively creating “the poor”, and causing vagueness and paradoxes. It results not only in a perpetuation of poverty and inequality from the past but also in the creation of new inequalities, as is evident in the differentiation drawn by the Mining Charter between different types of communities in mining areas. Measures currently being enforced by the legislation under discussion, are in desperate need of reconsideration.
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Al-Hajri, Hamad Faleh. "Integrating public relations into marketing strategies in the state of Qatar." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1918.
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Du, Toit Francois Stephanus. "Olie : hoop of wanhoop vir Angola?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/824.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The increasing global demand for and dependency on oil provides tremendous opportunities for oil-producing countries. Supported by the unprecedented economic growth in developing countries such as China and India, the global demand for oil is estimated to increase by 50% from the present 83 million barrels a day to 120 million barrels a day by 2025. This increased demand for oil provides the African oil industry with vast possibilities. Countries such as Angola, Cameroon and Nigeria are already experiencing a large increase in direct foreign investment, a higher Gross National Product en more favourable balance of trade. The logical conclusion from the abovementioned advantages of oil-rich countries would seem to imply a sharp rise in the standard of living for the citizens of these countries in the recent past. The purpose of this report is to determine if Angola, as the world’s fastest growing oil-producer in terms of increased production of barrels per day, offers its citizens an economically prosperous future. Points highlighted by the report include the inevitable problems caused by Angola’s colonial history and the recent twenty seven year long civil war. Angola faces internal and external problems caused by • “Dutch Disease” • Fluctuating oil prices • Poor governance • Institutional capacity China now plays an important if somewhat controversial role in Angola’s prosperity by providing finance and aid with less stringent conditions than Angola’s traditional sources. With Chinese aid Angola is now undertaking the rebuilding of its infrastructure which is essential to counteract the negative aspects of the country’s dependency on oil resource exploitation. There is still significant corruption within the oil industry and it seems clear that any attempts by international companies and non-governmental organisations to counteract the problem will have limited success unless the governments and all concerned parties take note of and accept new ethical and socially responsible codes of behaviour. Africa however is entering a new phase of accepting responsibility for its own internal problems. The democratisation of the continent is setting new standards for the fight against corruption. Finally the report indicates that there are lessons to be learned from other countries about using income from natural resources to benefit future generations. Countries such as Botswana (diamonds) and Norway (oil) use investment funds to limit their dependence on the resources and to counteract the effect of fluctuating prices of the commodities. Bearing in mind the above considerations, Angola cannot be expected to achieve success overnight, but the country has all that is required to eventually assume its rightful position on the continent and become another African economic success story.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wêreld se toenemende vraag na- en afhanklikheid van olie bied tans geweldige geleenthede vir olie-produserende lande. Daar word beraam dat die wêreldwye vraag na olie, gesteun deur ongekende ekonomiese groei in ontwikkelende lande soos China en Indië, met meer as 50% van die huidige vlak van 83 miljoen vate per dag teen 2025 tot 120 miljoen vate per dag sal toeneem. Die moontlikhede wat hierdie verhoogde vraag vir die oliebedryf in Afrika bied, is legio. Lande soos Angola, Kameroen en Nigerië ondervind reeds ʼn groot toename in direkte buitelandse investering, ’n verhoging in bruto binnelandse produk en gunstiger handelsbalanse. In die lig van bogenoemde voordele vir lande wat ryk is aan oliehulpbronne, sou die logiese afleiding wees dat die lewenstandaard van die burgers van hierdie lande die afgelope paar jaar drasties moes verhoog het. Hierdie verslag het dit ten doel om te sien of Angola, wat die wêreld se vinnigs groeiende olieprodusent in terme van verhoogde produksie in vate per dag is, werklik sy burgers ekonomiese voorspoed vir die toekoms bied. Belangrike punte wat in die verslag na vore kom, is die onvermydelike probleme waarmee Angola te kampe het weens die land se historiese agtergrond en die onlangse burgeroorlog van sewe-en-twintig jaar. Interne en eksterne probleme wat Angola teister is die gevolge van • “Dutch Disease” • Skommelende oliepryse • Swak staatsbestuur • Institusionele kapasiteit China is ’n nuwe, hoewel ietwat kontroversiële, faktor in Angola se vooruitgang en stel minder beperkende voorwaardes as Angola se tradisionele bronne vir finansiering en hulpverlening. Met Chinese hulp is Angola nou besig met die heropbou van sy infrastruktuur, wat noodsaaklik is as hy die negatiewe aspekte van die land se afhanlikheid van olie-ontginning wil afskud. Korrupsie binne die oliebedryf is egter nog beduidend en dit is duidelik dat die pogings van internasionale maatskappye en nie-regeringsorganisasies om die probleem die hoof te bied, beperk sal bly tensy die regerings en alle belanghebbende partye kennis neem van nuwe etiese en sosiaal verantwoordelike optredes en dit aanvaar. Afrika gaan deur ’n nuwe fase waar die vasteland self verantwoordelikheid aanvaar vir sy interne probleme. Die demokratisering van die vasteland behels die aanvaarding van nuwe standaarde ten opsigte van die bekamping van korrupsie. Ten slotte noem die verslag dat daar lesse te leer is van ander lande wat hul inkomste uit hulpbron-ontginning tot voordeel van toekomstige geslagte aanwend. Lande soos Botswana (diamante) en Noorweë (olie) maak gebruik van beleggingsfondse om die land se afhanklikheid van die hulpbron te beperk en om die uitwerking van prysskommelings van die kommoditeit teen te werk. Met inagneming van bogenoemde oorwegings kan nie verwag word dat Angola oornag ekonomiese sukses sal behaal nie, maar die land het alles wat nodig is om mettertyd sy regmatige plek op die vasteland in te neem en na vore te tree as nog ’n ekonomiese suksesverhaal uit Afrika.
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Jessen, Lone. "Corruption as a political risk factor for investors in the oil and gas industry, with specific emphasis on Nigeria : identification, analysis and measurement." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20296.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The central research question of this study concerns how corruption as a political risk factor should be measured in order to provide an accurate assessment of the risk factor within the oil and gas industry. The aim is to answer this question with the aid and support of two sub-questions that have been identified as crucial in pursuing this research. The first sub-question conceptualizes corruption as a political risk factor specifically within the oil and gas industry. The second sub-question addresses the oil and gas industry-specific indicators of corruption as a political risk factor. The research embarks upon seven industry-specific indicators, by isolating the relevant national political structural and institutional framework, which has proved essential in identifying the level of corruption as a risk to the oil and gas investor. The indicators are regarded as the most salient variables that can measure the level of corruption as a political risk in a realistic and practical approach. The indicators are subsequently systemised into a matrix that is constructed with the aim of using it as a general measurement tool for oil and gas investors. The study argues that this measurement tool can be of use to the oil and gas investor as it contributes to businesses recognition and anticipation of corruption. The matrix is furthermore applied to the oil and gas industry in Nigeria, in an attempt to test the matrix, and in order to establish how and to what level corruption constitutes as a political risk factor for the oil and gas industry in this country. The result of the indicators demonstrates that the political risk of encountering corruption for the oil and gas investor in Nigeria is of a high level. This study provides a valid basis of constituting how corruption manifests as a risk for the oil and gas investor. Furthermore, the applicability of the matrix provides a practical utility and constructive assessment. This thesis provides a firm foundation for future research in this field.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die sentrale navorsingsvraag van hierdie studie handel oor hoe korrupsie as 'n politieke risiko faktor gemeet moet word om 'n akkurate bepaling van die risiko faktor binne die oilie- en gas industrie te maak. Die doel is om hierdie vraag te beantwoord met die hulp van twee sub-navorsingsvrae wat geïdentifiseer is essensieël on hierdie navorsing te voltooi. Die eerste sub-navorsingvraag konseptualiseer korrupsie as 'n politieke risiko faktor, spesifiek binne die olie en gas industrie. Die tweede sub-navorsingsvraag handel oor die industrie-spesifieke indikatore van korrupsie as 'n politieke risiko faktor. Die navorsing is gevestig op sewe industrie-spesifieke indikatore, wat geïsoleer word vanaf relevante nasionale politieke strukture en institusionele raamwerke, wat essensieël is in die identifikasie van die vlak van korrupsie as 'n risiko vir die olie en gas belegger. Die indikatore word beskou as die mees prominente veranderlikes wat die vlak van korrupsie as n politieke risiko kan meet, as 'n realistiese en praktiese benadering. Die indikatore word gevolglik geplaas binne 'n raamwerk wat gebou is met die doel om dit te bebruik as 'n algemene maatstaf vir die belegger in die olie-en gas industrie. Hierdie studie argumenteer dat die maatstaf gebruik kan word in die olie-en gas industrie, siende dat dit bydrae tot besighede se erkenning en antisipasie van korrupsie. Die maatstaf word verder toegepas op die geval van die olie-en gas industrie in Nigerië, met die doel om dit te toets en ook om vas te stel tot watter vlak korrupsie as 'n politieke risiko faktor vir die olie-en gas industrie teenwoordig is in hierdie land. Die resultaat van die indikatore dui daarop dat daar 'n hoë vlak van politieke risiko vir die olie-en gas industrie in Nigerië bestaan. Die studie verskaf 'n geldige basis om vas te stel hoe korrupsie in die olie-en gas industrie manifesteer. Verder, die toepaslikheid van die maatstaf verskaf praktiese bruikbaarheid en konstruktiewe meeting. Die tesis verskaf 'n stewige basis vir toekomstige navrsing in die veld.
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Atashi, Rahim. "The importance of Middle-East Oil in International Politics." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212450.
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Mushwana, Tinyiko. "A critical discourse analysis of representations of the Niger Delta conflict in four prominent Western anglophone newspapers." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007745.
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This thesis explores the manner in which the conflict in the oil-rich Niger Delta in Nigeria is represented in western Anglophone media. Large oil reserves in the Niger Delta have contributed millions of dollars towards the growth of Nigeria's export economy. Despite this, the Niger Delta is the least developed region in the country and is characterised by high rates of inequality. Residents of the Niger Delta have been outraged by the lack of action on the part of the Nigerian government and multinational oil corporations. Their discontent over the inequalities in the region has resulted in the proliferation of armed groups and militants who often use violent and criminal tactics to communicate their disgruntlement. This thesis closely examines the representations of the violent insurgency in the Niger Delta by conducting a Critical Discourse Analysis of 145 news texts selected from four western Anglophone newspapers from 2007 to 2011. The depiction of the conflict as it appears in the four newspapers is discussed in relation to an overview of scholarly literature which explores the portrayal of Africa not only in western media, but also in other forms of western scholarship and writing. The research undertaken in this study reveals that to a significant extent representations of the Niger Delta conflict echo and reflect some of the stereotypical and age-old negative imagery that informs meanings constructed about the African continent. However, the analysis of the news texts also shows that there are certainly efforts amongst some newspapers to move beyond simplistic representations of the conflict. The disadvantage however, is that these notable attempts tend to be marred by the use of pejorative language which typically invokes negative images associated with Africa. This study argues that the implications of these representations are highly significant as these representations not only affect the way in which the conflict is understood, but also the manner in which the international community responds to it.
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Price, Karissa Helene. "The politics of Dutch disease institutions and the management of oil booms and busts in Venezuela and Indonesia /." 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/44064599.html.
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Moroke, N. D. "An application of Box-Jenkins transfer function analysis to consumption-income relationship in South Africa / N.D. Moroke." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11344.
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Using a simple linear regression model for estimation could give misleading results
about the relationship between Yt, and Xt, . Possible problems involve (1) feedback from
the output series to the inputs, (2) omitted time-lagged input terms, (3) an auto correlated
disturbance series and, (4) common autocorrelation patterns shared by Y and X that
can produce spurious correlations. The primary aim of this study was therefore to use
the Box-Jenkins Transfer Function analysis to fit a model that related petroleum
consumption to disposable income> The final Transfer Function Model
z1t=)C(1-w1 B)/((1-δ1 B) B^5 Z(t^((x) +(1-θ1 B)at significantly described the data.
Forecasts generated from this model show that petroleum consumption will hit a record of up to 4.8636 in 2014 if disposable income is augmented. There is 95% confidence that the
forecasted value of petroleum consumption will lie between 4.5276 and 5.1997 in 2014.Thesis (M. Com. (Statistics) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2005
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Chen, Yi-Rung, and 陳怡蓉. "The Role of the State in Indonesian Economic Development : the case of the petroleum industry." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44649690658655789935.
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碩士淡江大學
東南亞研究所
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From classical economic approach to the development theory of developing countries, each argument has different opinions on the extent of state intervention. But the state usually plays a leading role in stimulating economic growth and transformation, especially in developing countries. To realize its goals, the state must have sufficient capacity and power to control. The main task of this paper is to investigate the role of the state in the development of Indonesia’s petroleum industry. The major findings of this paper are that the petroleum industry played a key role in colonial economy. Until Suharto’s governance time, the Indonesian government through making policy achieved full control over petroleum industry. Especially 「Pertamina Law; No. 8」which was passed in 1971, not only established a new single state corporation, but also defined the functions of Pertamina. That is the enterprise operates in the field of oil exploitation which covers exploration, exploitation, refining and processing, transportation, and marketing. From 1967 to 1981, Indonesian petroleum industry substantially contributed to the state revenues and Indonesia’s Gross Domestic Product. The key factor was attributed to the first oil boom in 1973-1974 and the second in 1979. The huge state revenues from oil have opened up opportunities in the development of national economy and infrastructure. During 1982-1983, however, due to the drastic drop of oil prices in the world’s market which are exposing the vulnerability of the Indonesian economy. The effects on both the balance of payments and the public budget are dramatic, and call for a reorientation of policy. To sum up, the Indonesian oil history shows that the oil sector is one of the main contributors to Indonesia’s economic development and the part of national development. In this development process, the role of state is fluctuant which considered the process of national history development, international circumstance, political structural of domestic, ideology of political elites and industry changes etc..