Journal articles on the topic 'Economics, n.e.c'
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1
Brahmananda, P. R. "C. N. Vakil's Contributions to Economics: 1920-1950." Indian Economic Journal 42, no. 4 (June 1995): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466219950401.
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Hassler, Uwe. "D. N. DeJong and C. Dave: Structural Macroeconometrics." Journal of Economics 94, no. 1 (May 12, 2008): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00712-008-0311-9.
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Eisenberger, Patrick, and Laurel L. Schafer. "Catalytic synthesis of amines and N-containing heterocycles: Amidate complexes for selective C–N and C–C bond-forming reactions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 7 (May 31, 2010): 1503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-09-11-27.
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The direct, 100 % atom-economic, and selective synthesis of amines is a challenging task that can be achieved, making use of early transition-metal catalysts. Here we report the synthesis and application of group 4 and 5 high-oxidation-state metal amidate complexes in catalytic C–N (hydroamination) and C–C (hydroaminoalkylation) bond-forming reactions to access substituted amines.
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DE MARTINO, ANDREA, MATTEO MARSILI, and ISAAC PEREZ CASTILLO. "TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF LARGE RANDOM ECONOMIES WITH LINEAR ACTIVITIES." Macroeconomic Dynamics 11, S1 (May 9, 2007): 34–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100507060191.
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We study the competitive equilibrium of large random economies with linear activities using methods of statistical mechanics. We focus on economies with C commodities, N firms, each running a randomly drawn linear technology, and one consumer. We derive, in the limit N, C ∞ with n=N/C fixed, a complete description of the statistical properties of typical equilibria. We find two regimes, which in the limit of efficient technologies are separated by a phase transition, and argue that endogenous technological change drives the economy close to the critical point.
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Pető, Judit, Imre Cserni, Attila Hüvely, Viktor József Vojnich, and Zsuzsanna Tóthné Taskovics. "Nitrogén és C vitamin tartalom összefüggései zellergumóban homoktalajon." Economica 8, no. 4/2 (August 21, 2020): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47282/economica/2015/8/4/2/4620.
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Kísérletsorozatunkban zeller tesztnövényt alkalmaztunk, liziméteres jellegű tenyészedényekben figyeltük meg a növény növekedését, tápelem tartalmát és ezek összefüggéseit. Jelen közleményünkben a különböző dózisú nitrogén műtrágya adagok (abszolút kontroll, alaptrágyázott, alap +60/120/180 kg/ha N, valamint alap+ 240 kg/ha N (számított N szerves trágya formájában) hatását mutatjuk be. A zellergumó N-tartalma a nitrogén dózisok függvényében jelentős mértékben növekedett; valamint a gumók N-tartalma és a C vitamin tartalma között erős pozitív korrelációt (r= 0,815, p < 0,025 szinten) mutattunk ki. Eredményeinkből megállapítható, hogy kísérleti elrendezésünkben homoktalajon, – a kolloidtartalmat gyarapító és a talajszerkezetet javító - szervestrágyázás bizonyult legkedvezőbb hatásúnak.
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Pető, Judit, Imre Cserni, Attila Hüvely, Viktor József Vojnich, and Zsuzsanna Tóthné Taskovics. "Nitrogén és C vitamin tartalom összefüggései zellergumóban homoktalajon." Economica 8, no. 4/2 (August 21, 2020): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47282/economica/2015/8/4/2/4620.
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Kísérletsorozatunkban zeller tesztnövényt alkalmaztunk, liziméteres jellegű tenyészedényekben figyeltük meg a növény növekedését, tápelem tartalmát és ezek összefüggéseit. Jelen közleményünkben a különböző dózisú nitrogén műtrágya adagok (abszolút kontroll, alaptrágyázott, alap +60/120/180 kg/ha N, valamint alap+ 240 kg/ha N (számított N szerves trágya formájában) hatását mutatjuk be. A zellergumó N-tartalma a nitrogén dózisok függvényében jelentős mértékben növekedett; valamint a gumók N-tartalma és a C vitamin tartalma között erős pozitív korrelációt (r= 0,815, p < 0,025 szinten) mutattunk ki. Eredményeinkből megállapítható, hogy kísérleti elrendezésünkben homoktalajon, – a kolloidtartalmat gyarapító és a talajszerkezetet javító - szervestrágyázás bizonyult legkedvezőbb hatásúnak.
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Li, Shiqing, Hongxu Lv, Yu Yu, Xiuqing Ye, Baisong Li, Songming Yang, Yanru Mo, and Xiangfei Kong. "Domino N-/C- or N-/N-/C-arylation of imidazoles to yield polyaryl imidazolium salts via atom-economical use of diaryliodonium salts." Chemical Communications 55, no. 75 (2019): 11267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc05237b.
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A Cu-mediated domino di-/triarylation reaction of imidazoles in a single step by using two aryls as well as an anion of a diaryliodonium salt is developed to quickly achieve polyaryl imidazolium salts.
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Gao, Hongjie, Jianhong Su, Pengfei Xu, and Xin Xu. "Scandium-catalyzed C(sp3)–H alkylation of N,N-dimethyl anilines with alkenes." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 1 (2018): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7qo00718c.
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Hendriks, Sheryl L. "Suresh C Babu, Shailendra N Gajanan and J Arne Hallam: Nutrition Economics: Principles and policy applications." Food Security 10, no. 2 (March 10, 2018): 495–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0775-6.
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Su, Jianhong, Yiqun Zhou, and Xin Xu. "Hydroaminoalkylation of sterically hindered alkenes with N,N-dimethyl anilines using a scandium catalyst." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, no. 7 (2019): 2013–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob02657b.
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Atom-economical and regioselective C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond formation has been achieved by C(sp3)–H alkylation of N,N-dimethyl anilines with sterically demanding alkenes by scandium catalysis.
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Shukla, Asmita, Sanjay Shukla, and Alan W. Hodges. "Recovering Nitrogen from Farm-Scale Drainage: Mechanism and Economics." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 1 (2018): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12277.
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Abstract. A two-year study evaluated the nitrogen (N) fluxes, processing, and treatment efficiency (TE) of a 14.85 ha stormwater detention area (SDA) receiving drainage from a vegetable farm in subtropical Florida. The TE was 62% and 89% in years 1 and 2, respectively. Seepage N losses are often ignored in estimating stormwater treatment. Approximately 11% and 20% of the incoming N left the SDA through seepage, reducing the TE to 51% and 67% in years 1 and 2, respectively, indicating the importance of subsurface N losses for downstream water quality. Rainfall variability controlled the timing and volume of the inflow drainage and surface water levels inside the SDA. Variable water levels controlled the aerobic and anoxic conditions inside the SDA, thus controlling the N processing and treatment. Coupled nitrification-denitrification, as a result of frequent wetting-drying cycles, was the main N treatment pathway during year 1. Drought conditions in year 2 led to 89% less surface outflow compared to year 1, resulting in water volume retention being the main process for N retention. The N TE could be increased from 68% to 86% if about two-thirds (63%) of aboveground biomass in the SDA area is harvested annually during the dry season. A payment for environmental services (PES) framework, with the state as buyer and the SDA owner as seller of N treatment services, was evaluated with a 20-year net present worth (NPW) of biomass harvesting for enhanced N treatment. The economic analysis included the benefit from composting the harvested biomass for on-farm use. A positive NPW ($835,000) indicated the economic feasibility of the project, predicting an annual benefit of $42,000 year-1 for the 112 ha farm. Scale-up of the PES approach can offer additional N treatment and C sequestration services as well as increased farm productivity. Keywords: Best management practices, Impoundments, Nutrient treatment, Payment for environmental services, Phytoremediation, Stormwater.
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Bakker, C. J., C. J. Swanton, and A. W. McKeown. "Broccoli growth in response to increasing rates of pre-plant nitrogen. I. Yield and quality." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 527–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08036.
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Nitrogen management is critical to the production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. italica Plenck). Field trials were conducted in 2001 and 2002 to determine the rate of pre-plant nitrogen required to optimize broccoli yield and quality. Seven rates of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400 kg N ha-1) as ammonium nitrate were broadcast and incorporated before transplanting two broccoli cultivars, Captain and Decathlon. Maturity of the heads was delayed by 5 d at 0 kg N ha-1 compared with the other rates of applied N. Marketable yield was maximized at 243 to 272 kg N ha-1 for yield expressed in t ha-1 and 171 to 187 kg N ha-1 for yield expressed as cases ha-1. Averaged over cultivar and year the most economical rate of nitrogen (MERN) ranged from 298 to 309 kg ha-1, 50 kg higher than estimates for the maximum marketable yield derived from quadratic plateau models. The incidence of misshapen heads decreased and floret color improved as nitrogen rate increased, but hollow stem and head rot also increased with high rates of nitrogen. Floret NO3--N concentration increased and vitamin C concentration decreased at high nitrogen rates. Applying the rates of nitrogen required to maximize yield may have negative economic and environmental consequences. However, restricting nitrogen also jeopardizes both yield and quality. Hence, the optimum amount of pre-plant nitrogen to apply to broccoli that balances yield, quality, economics and environmental concerns remains a complex issue. Key words: Brassica oleracea L. italica Plenck, color, postharvest, nutrition, hollow stem, vitamin C
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Valentini, Federica, Oriana Piermatti, and Luigi Vaccaro. "Metal Nanoparticles as Sustainable Tools for C–N Bond Formation via C–H Activation." Molecules 26, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 4106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134106.
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The design of highly active metal nanoparticles to be employed as efficient heterogeneous catalysts is a key tool for the construction of complex organic molecules and the minimization of their environmental costs. The formation of novel C–N bonds via C–H activation is an effective atom-economical strategy to access high value materials in pharmaceuticals, polymers, and natural product production. In this contribution, the literature of the last ten years on the use of metal nanoparticles in the processes involving direct C–N bond formation will be discussed. Where possible, a discussion on the role and influence of the support used for the immobilization and/or the metal chosen is reported. Particular attention was given to the description of the experiments performed to elucidate the active mechanism.
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Barsu, Nagaraju, Malay Sen, J. Richard Premkumar, and Basker Sundararaju. "Cobalt(iii) catalyzed C-8 selective C–H and C–O coupling of quinoline N-oxide with internal alkynes via C–H activation and oxygen atom transfer." Chemical Communications 52, no. 7 (2016): 1338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc08736h.
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An efficient, scalable, atom-economical, regio-selective air stable Cp*Co(iii) catalyzed C–H and C–O coupling via a C–H activation/oxygen atom transfer reaction of quinoline N-oxide and an internal alkyne is reported.
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Goh, Jeffrey, Seng Kheong Ong, Yan Sheng Tan, and Teck-Peng Loh. "Catalyst-free C–N bond formation under biocompatible reaction conditions." Green Chemistry 24, no. 8 (2022): 3321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2gc00027j.
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A C–N bond formation reaction under benign conditions for the amination of allenic ketones to access enaminones is reported. This reaction is atom economical, green, highly regioselective and works well with many structurally crucial amines.
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Zhu, Juanxiu, Lu Hu, Han Xie, and Kehong Li. "A PH i /PH i , n / C / C Queuing Model in Randomly Changing Environments for Traffic Circulation Systems." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (July 20, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6533567.
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Robust optimal design of circulation systems (e.g., roads for vehicles or corridors for pedestrians) relies on an accurate steady-state traffic flow model that considers the effect of randomly changing environmental factors (e.g., daily periodicity and weather). Most analytical models assume that the customer interarrival time and service time of circulation facilities follow the exponential distribution with fixed rate parameters, which is unrealistic in most cases. In this paper, we develop a stationary PH i /PH i , n / C / C state-dependent queuing model in a randomly changing environment (RE), which is represented by a Markov chain. The model simultaneously considers the general randomness of arrival and service, the randomly varying rate parameters, and the state-dependent service (the travel time increases with the number of customers). The existing matrix analytic scheme (MAS) algorithm is extended to solve the proposed model because it avoids the explicit calculation of probability distributions. The space complexity of the algorithm is only linear in the number of RE states and is independent of the enormous (four-dimensional) state space of the Markov process. Its time complexity is a linear function of the product of the queue capacity and the number of RE states. Our model is validated versus simulation estimates. The obtained conditional performance measures can accurately capture the queue accumulation and dissipation and reveal the effect of randomly changing environments. Numerical experiments provide some interesting findings. (1) The proposed stationary model coincides with the transient M( t )/G x / C / C fluid queuing model under special conditions. (2) Under high traffic intensities, increasing the randomness in the duration time of the RE state leads to an obvious growth in the conditional queue length. (3) An increase in the facility length leads to an increase or a decrease in the average output rate, depending on whether the congestion dissipates effectively in one cycle. (4) A larger width is required to obtain the maximum average output rate for traffic demand with a greater nonuniformity.
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SMITH, E. G., G. W. RAHNEFELD, J. E. LAWSON, and K. K. KLEIN. "ECONOMICS OF CALF PRODUCTION WITH FOREIGN CATTLE BREED CROSSES IN THE SHORT-GRASS PRAIRIES." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 973–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-102.
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The net farm income per Hereford-Angus unit dam (NFIPD) from calf production in the short-grass prairies was evaluated for calves of 31 three-breed crosses of foreign and British breeding. The data were from progeny produced near Manyberries, Alberta by utilizing Beefmaster and Red Angus sires for the first mating and Charolais (C), Simmental (S), Limousin (L) and Chianina (Chi) terminal sires for subsequent matings. There were 10 first-cross dam crosses consisting of Hereford (H) × Angus (A) as the control (HA), and nine dam cross combinations produced by mating C, S and L sires with H, A and Shorthorn (N) dams. There were 578 F1 females that entered the project, giving birth to 2079 calves and weaning 1866 calves during six consecutive years of the program. Rankings of the three-breed cross calves by NFIPD indicated that the L sire bred to a SA dam (LSA) and the C sire bred to a SA dam (CSA) returned the highest NFIPD. The next most profitable breed crosses were the LCN, LCH and CSH with NFIPD all within $15 of the LSA. The LH F1 dams were the least profitable with NFIPD up to $146 less than the LSA. The LH were followed by the LN and SN F1 female crosses for being unprofitable. The terminal sires ranked L = C > S = Chi, the breed of sire of dam ranked C = S > L, and the breed of dam ranked A > H = N. The primary determinants of NFIPD differences among the breed crosses were birth weight, preweaning average daily gain, conception rates, calf deaths, calving rate, difficult calvings, and daily digestible energy requirements for the dam. Key words: Economics, cow-calf, foreign breeds, prairies
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Sharma, Prabin, and Keshav Raj Acharya. "Economics of Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees.) Drury in Western Terai Region of Nepal: A Value Chain Perspective." Forestry: Journal of Institute of Forestry, Nepal 17 (December 23, 2020): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/forestry.v17i0.33625.
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This study was carried out in Chillikot village of Dang district to find out the economic contribution of Cinnamomum glaucescens to local economy and to document the major conservation threats for this species. Household survey (n=29), key informants interviews (n=5) and focus group discussions (n=3) were carried out to collect the data. This study reveals that about NPR 1.7 million (US$ 16,5002) have been contributed annually to local economy by 29 households from NTFPs including C. glaucescens berries collection business. Average annual income for each household was around US$ 569.19 from the species that contributes about 53% of the total annual household income. Value chain analysis showed that six different value chain actors were found involved in C. glaucescens business with maximum profit margin to wholesaler (US$ 1.66 kg-1) and minimum to village traders ( US$ 0.07 kg-1). Open access to the resource and poor functional linkage among the actors were identified as major limitations in the value chain of the products. Handing over the national forest as a community forest, linking the producers with processor through organized market channel has been recommended for future.
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Shaha, S. K., Mohammad M. Haque, and Ahsan Ali Khan. "Wear Characteristics of Fe-C-Si and Fe-C-Al Cast Irons." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1928–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1928.
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In order to study the wear properties of Fe-C-Si and Fe-C-Al alloy systems, castings were produced in resin bonded sand mould of suitable design, which provides information regarding various thicknesses of the castings. Gray cast iron is an inexpensive and readily available material used for manufacturing of roller, roller shell, piston rings, cylinder liners, etc. Its low melting point is characterized as unique combination of superior properties like good friction and wear properties and economic in manufacturing. In the present study, wear behavior of the Fe-C-Si and Fe-C-Al cast irons were investigated using a pin-on-disk type apparatus at room temperature. Alumina ball of 3 mm diameter was used as pin, while the cast sample served as the disk. The tests were carried out at a normal load of 5.0 N and a sliding velocity of 250 mm/s for 30 min. The Fe-C-Al cast iron showed a wear rate of 3.3203×10-5 mm3/m/N compared to 12.42×10-5 mm3/m/N of Fe-C-Si cast iron. The worn surfaces were analyzed using optical profilometer and SEM.
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Afifah, Nailul, Shinfi Wazna Auvaria, Sulistiya Nengse, Teguh Taruna Utama, and Yusrianti Yusrianti. "Studi Komparasi Metode Pengomposan Secara Windrow, Bata Berongga Dan Vermikomposting." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan 19, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/jkl.v19i1.468.
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Pengomposan merupakan metode pengolahan sampah organik dengan menggunakan bantuan mikroorganisme sehingga menghasilkan produk kompos. Kualitas kompos harus memenuhi persyaratan SNI 19-7030-2004 supaya aman digunakan untuk tanah. Proses pengomposan dapat terjadi secara aerob maupun anaerob. Pengomposan aerob merupakan pengomposan dengan menggunakan bantuan mikroorganisme aerobik pada kondisi oksigen yang cukup. Sedangkan pengomposan anaerob merupakan pengomposan dengan menggunakan bantuan mikroorganisme anaerob pada kondisi tanpa oksigen. Pengomposan windrow, pengomposan bata berongga, dan vermikomposting merupakan jenis pengomposan secara aerob yang cocok digunakan untuk skala Tempat Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu (TPST). Uji perbandingan dilakukan untuk mengetahui metode pengomposan paling baik untuk diterapkan di TPST Banjarbendo. Perbandingan yang dilakukan meliputi parameter pH, suhu, C-organik, N-total, rasio C/N, dan persentase reduksi sampah organik. Metode pengomposan dipilih berdasarkan hasil uji yang dilakukan terhadap produk kompos dari ketiga metode pengomposan. Pengomposan yang paling baik adalah pengomposan metode bata berongga yang memiliki suhu 27°C, C-organik 10,21, N-total 0,87, rasio C/N 11,74, dan persentase reduksi sebesar 65,2%.
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Thomas, R. Q., and M. Williams. "A model using marginal efficiency of investment to analyse carbon and nitrogen interactions in terrestrial ecosystems (ACONITE Version 1)." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 7, no. 2 (April 25, 2014): 2525–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-2525-2014.
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Abstract. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles are coupled in terrestrial ecosystems through multiple processes including photosynthesis, tissue allocation, respiration, N fixation, N uptake, and decomposition of litter and soil organic matter. Capturing the constraint of N on terrestrial C uptake and storage has been a focus of the Earth System modelling community. However there is little understanding of the trade-offs and sensitivities of allocating C and N to different tissues in order to optimize the productivity of plants. Here we describe a new, simple model of ecosystem C–N cycling and interactions (ACONITE), that builds on theory related to plant economics in order to predict key ecosystem properties (leaf area index, leaf C : N, N fixation, and plant C use efficiency) using emergent constraints provided by marginal returns on investment for C and/or N allocation. We simulated and evaluated steady-state ecosystem stocks and fluxes in three different forest ecosystems types (tropical evergreen, temperate deciduous, and temperate evergreen). Leaf C : N differed among the three ecosystem types (temperate deciduous < tropical evergreen < temperature evergreen), a result that compared well to observations from a global database describing plant traits. Gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP) estimates compared well to observed fluxes at the simulation sites. Simulated N fixation at steady-state, calculated based on relative demand for N and the marginal return on C investment to acquire N, was an order of magnitude higher in the tropical forest than in the temperate forest, consistent with observations. A sensitivity analysis revealed that parameterization of the relationship between leaf N and leaf respiration had the largest influence on leaf area index and leaf C : N. Also, a widely used linear leaf N-respiration relationship did not yield a realistic leaf C : N, while a more recently reported non-linear relationship performed better. A parameter governing how photosynthesis scales with day length had the largest influence on total vegetation C, GPP, and NPP. Multiple parameters associated with photosynthesis, respiration, and N uptake influenced the rate of N fixation. Overall, our ability to constrain leaf area index and have spatially and temporally variable leaf C : N helps address challenges for ecosystem and Earth System models. Furthermore, the simple approach with emergent properties based on coupled C–N dynamics has potential for use in research that uses data-assimilation methods to integrate data on both the C and N cycles to improve C flux forecasts.
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Thomas, R. Q., and M. Williams. "A model using marginal efficiency of investment to analyze carbon and nitrogen interactions in terrestrial ecosystems (ACONITE Version 1)." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 5 (September 12, 2014): 2015–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2015-2014.
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Abstract. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles are coupled in terrestrial ecosystems through multiple processes including photosynthesis, tissue allocation, respiration, N fixation, N uptake, and decomposition of litter and soil organic matter. Capturing the constraint of N on terrestrial C uptake and storage has been a focus of the Earth System Modeling community. However, there is little understanding of the trade-offs and sensitivities of allocating C and N to different tissues in order to optimize the productivity of plants. Here we describe a new, simple model of ecosystem C–N cycling and interactions (ACONITE), that builds on theory related to plant economics in order to predict key ecosystem properties (leaf area index, leaf C : N, N fixation, and plant C use efficiency) based on the outcome of assessments of the marginal change in net C or N uptake associated with a change in allocation of C or N to plant tissues. We simulated and evaluated steady-state ecosystem stocks and fluxes in three different forest ecosystems types (tropical evergreen, temperate deciduous, and temperate evergreen). Leaf C : N differed among the three ecosystem types (temperate deciduous < tropical evergreen < temperature evergreen), a result that compared well to observations from a global database describing plant traits. Gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP) estimates compared well to observed fluxes at the simulation sites. Simulated N fixation at steady-state, calculated based on relative demand for N and the marginal return on C investment to acquire N, was an order of magnitude higher in the tropical forest than in the temperate forest, consistent with observations. A sensitivity analysis revealed that parameterization of the relationship between leaf N and leaf respiration had the largest influence on leaf area index and leaf C : N. A parameter governing how photosynthesis scales with day length had the largest influence on total vegetation C, GPP, and NPP. Multiple parameters associated with photosynthesis, respiration, and N uptake influenced the rate of N fixation. Overall, our ability to constrain leaf area index and allow spatially and temporally variable leaf C : N can help address challenges simulating these properties in ecosystem and Earth System models. Furthermore, the simple approach with emergent properties based on coupled C–N dynamics has potential for use in research that uses data-assimilation methods to integrate data on both the C and N cycles to improve C flux forecasts.
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Traub, Stefan. "Bardsley, N., R. Cubitt, G. Loomes, P. Moffat, C. Starmer, and R. Sugden (eds): Experimental economics—rethinking the rules." Journal of Evolutionary Economics 22, no. 2 (November 11, 2011): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00191-011-0253-1.
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Pirvu, Florinela, Iuliana Paun, Marcela Niculescu, Vasile Ion Iancu, Luoana Florentina Pascu, and Florentina Laura Chiriac. "Stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater from Romania." Romanian Journal of Ecology & Environmental Chemistry 3, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/rjeec.2021.215.
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Water resources crisis can lead to a new concept of wastewater treatment. Wastewater cannot be considered waste but can be a renewable or non-renewable energy source. Nutrients from wastewater could be recycled and not disposed of. A circular economy can be created that can be based on the ability of algae to absorb and store nutrients: carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). This study investigates the stoichiometry between carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater from three geographical regions of Romania. The concentrations of inorganic nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon were compared and evaluated. Three wastewater sampling points located in different areas were monitored, in the period 2013-2017 for the sampling point located in the central-northern part of the Romanian Plain and in the period 2015-2017 for the other two studied areas. The obtained results showed very high values of total nitrogen concentrations with values between 28.2 mg/L and 107.2 mg/L for the southeastern part of Romania. The values of the stoichiometric ratio’s C/N, C/P, N/P have varied over time with maximums in the autumn and winter seasons which indicates the existence of significant contamination of wastewater. It may be possible in the future to improve the performance of wastewater treatment by adjusting C, N, and P parameters.
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Moral, R., M. A. Bustamante, D. R. Chadwick, V. Camp, and T. H. Misselbrook. "N and C transformations in stored cattle farmyard manure, including direct estimates of N2 emission." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 63 (June 2012): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.04.001.
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Zhao, Yongcun, Meiyan Wang, Shuijin Hu, Xudong Zhang, Zhu Ouyang, Ganlin Zhang, Biao Huang, et al. "Economics- and policy-driven organic carbon input enhancement dominates soil organic carbon accumulation in Chinese croplands." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 16 (April 16, 2018): 4045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700292114.
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China’s croplands have experienced drastic changes in management practices, such as fertilization, tillage, and residue treatments, since the 1980s. There is an ongoing debate about the impact of these changes on soil organic carbon (SOC) and its implications. Here we report results from an extensive study that provided direct evidence of cropland SOC sequestration in China. Based on the soil sampling locations recorded by the Second National Soil Survey of China in 1980, we collected 4,060 soil samples in 2011 from 58 counties that represent the typical cropping systems across China. Our results showed that across the country, the average SOC stock in the topsoil (0–20 cm) increased from 28.6 Mg C ha−1 in 1980 to 32.9 Mg C ha−1 in 2011, representing a net increase of 140 kg C ha−1 year−1. However, the SOC change differed among the major agricultural regions: SOC increased in all major agronomic regions except in Northeast China. The SOC sequestration was largely attributed to increased organic inputs driven by economics and policy: while higher root biomass resulting from enhanced crop productivity by chemical fertilizers predominated before 2000, higher residue inputs following the large-scale implementation of crop straw/stover return policy took over thereafter. The SOC change was negatively related to N inputs in East China, suggesting that the excessive N inputs, plus the shallowness of plow layers, may constrain the future C sequestration in Chinese croplands. Our results indicate that cropland SOC sequestration can be achieved through effectively manipulating economic and policy incentives to farmers.
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Erlat, Haluk, and Guzin Erlat. "Some methodological comments on 'Sources of fluctuations in exchange rates: a structural VAR analysis' by N. Apergis and C. Karfakis." Applied Economics Letters 5, no. 4 (April 1998): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135048598354960.
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Khansa, Adelia De Tsamara, and Tika Widiastuti. "KAUSALITAS PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, ENERGI TERBARUKAN DAN DEGRADASI LINGKUNGAN PADA NEGARA ORGANISASI KERJASAMA ISLAM." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol9iss20221pp118-130.
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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan kausalitas antara konsumsi energi konvensional, pertumbuhan ekonom, emisi karbon dioksida, dan konsumsi energi terbarukan di 39 negara Organisasi Kerjasama Islam (OKI) periode 1992-2018. Metode yang diterapkan ialah uji kausalitas Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) yang memperbolehkan adanya heterogenitas dan cross-sectional dependence. Temuan dari penelitian ini ialah terdapat interdependensi antara konsumsi energi konvensional dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi, sedangkan konsumsi energi terbarukan dipengaruhi oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi sebagaimana teori RKC U-shaped. Pertumbuhan ekonomi menyebabkan emisi karbon dioksida sebagaimana teori EKC-Kuznets. Tidak ditemukannnya hubungan kausalitas antara konsumsi energi konvensional dan terbarukan dengan emisi karbon dioksida. Penerapan kebijakan konservasi dapat diterapkan dengan memperhatikan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penelitian terdahulu, menguji hubungan kausalitas tanpa memperhatikan cross-sectional dependence dan tidak memisahkan antara konsumsi energi konvensional dengan energi terbarukan. Kata Kunci: Energi terbarukan, Degradasi Lingkungan, Kausalitas. ABSTRACTThis research aims to find causality between conventional energy consumption, economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions, and renewable energy consumption in 39 countries of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) on 1992-2018. The method used Dumitrescu-Hurlin Causality Test (2012) that allows heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence. The outcome affirms that there is interdependency between conventional energy consumption and economic growth, but renewable energy consumption affected economic growth that confirms RKC U-Shaped theory. The impact of economic growth affects environmental degradation, carbon dioxide emissions which accept EKC-Kuznets theory. The neutral hypothesis confirmed between conventional and renewable energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Conservation policy could be implementing by considering economic growth. Previous study, testing causality relationship without considering cross-sectional dependence and differentiate between conventional and renewable energy consumption.Keywords: Renewable energy, Environmental Degradation, Causality. DAFTAR PUSTAKAAdams, S., & Nsiah, C. (2019). Reducing carbon dioxide emissions; Does renewable energy matter? Science of the Total Environment, 693(25), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.094Alfarabi, M. A., Hidayat, M. S., & Rahmadi, S. (2014). Perubahan struktur ekonomi dan dampaknya terhadap kemiskinan di provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah, 1(3), 171-178. https://doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v1i3.1551Antonakakis, N., Chatziantoniou, I., & Filis, G. (2017). 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Divergence of renewable energy intention efforts in Europe: An econometric analysis based on patent counts. Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, 20(4), 829-859.Grossman, G. M., & Krueger, A. B. (1991). Environmental impacts of a North American free trade agreement. The quarterly journal of impacts, 110(2), 353-377.Huang, B.-N., Huang, M. J., & Yang, C. W. (2008). Causal relationship between energy consumptionand GDP growth revisited: A dynamicpanel data approach. Ecological Economics, 67(1), 41-54.Irijanto, T. T., Zaidi, M. A., Ismail, A. G., & Arshad, N. C. (2015). Al Ghazali's thoughts of economic growth theory, a contribution with system thinking. Scientific Jounal of PPI-UKM, 2(5), 233-240.Jaelani, A., Firdaus, S., & Jumena, J. (2017). Renewable energy policy in Indonesia: The Quranic Scientific signals in Islamic economics perspective. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 193-204.Kahouli, B. (2018). The causality link between energy electricity consumption, CO2 emissions, R&D stocks and economic growth in Mediterranean countries (MCs). Energy, 145, 388-399.Khan, S. H., & Akram, M. H. (2018). Renewable energy profile of OIC Countries. Pakistan: COMSTECH.Lopez, L., & Weber, S. (2017). Testing for granger causality in panel data. The Stata Journal, 17(4), 972-984.Lu, W.-C. (2017). Greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and economic growth: A panel cointegration analysis for 16 Asian countries. International Journal of environmental research and public health, 14(11), 14-36.Muhammad, A. A., Arshed, N., & Kousar, N. (2017). Renewable energy consumption and economic growth in member of OIC countries. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Science, 6(1), 111-129.Naf'an. (2014). Ekonomi makro tinjauan ekonomi syariah. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.Pesaran, M. (2004). General diagnostic test for cross sectional independence in panel. 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Das, Tonmoy Chitta, Syed Aziz Imam Quadri, and Mazahar Farooqui. "Efficient and Regioselective Synthesis of Phenothiazine via Ferric Citrate Catalyzed C-S/C-N Cross-Coupling." Letters in Organic Chemistry 16, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178615666180806114523.
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Efficient C-S and C-N cross-coupling reactions have been developed for regioselective, scalable and environmentally benign synthesis of substituted phenothiazine derivatives. Cross-coupling reactions were demonstrated on various challenging substrates using non-toxic, highly economical, readily available ferric citrate as a catalyst to get desired product with high regioselectivity. Atom economy is the added advantage of this protocol since additional N-protection step before coupling and eventual deprotection of the same to obtain the desired product arenot required. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of inexpensive ferric citrate as a catalyst without involving any ligand for the synthesis of regioselectively substituted phenothiazine.
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SMITH, E. G., G. W. RAHNEFELD, K. K. KLEIN, and J. E. LAWSON. "ECONOMICS OF CALF PRODUCTION WITH FOREIGN CATTLE BREED CROSSES IN THE PARKLAND REGION OF WESTERN CANADA." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 961–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-101.
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The economics of calf production in the parkland region of western Canada was evaluated for calves of 31 three-breed crosses of foreign and British breeding. The data were derived from progeny produced at Brandon, Manitoba by mating heifers to Beefmaster or Red Angus bulls and cows to Charolais (C), Simmental (S), Limousin (L) and Chianina (Chi) bulls. There were 10 different first-cross dams including Hereford (H) × Angus (A) as the control (HA) and nine dam cross combinations produced by mating C, S and L sires with H, A and Shorthorn (N) dams. The performance data were for 572 F1 female crosses, with 2006 calves born and 1930 calves weaned during a production period of six consecutive years. Net farm income per HA unit dam (NFIPD) or receipts less expenses plus inventory value changes on a HA dam basis, was evaluated for each three-breed cross. The SN and CA dams produced the highest NFIPD. Overall, the CA dams bred to L sires returned the highest NFIPD with SN dams bred to C sires returning only $0.16 less. The NFIPD was approximately $20 higher for these two F1 female crosses than the next most profitable F1 female crosses. Limousin-cross dams produced the lowest NFIPD, up to $116 less than the CA or SN dams. The NFIPD ranking for the breed of dam's dam was A > N > H and for the breed of sire of dam was S = C > L. The terminal sires ranked L = C > Chi = S. Breed of sire of dam and breed of dam of dam interactions were present. The primary determinants of NFIPD differences among breed crosses were the weaning weight of calves, the percent of dams weaning a calf, calving difficulty, and daily digestible energy requirements for the dam. Key words: Economic, foreign, cattle, crossbreds, cow-calf
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Kumar, Rakesh, and Sumeet Kumar Sharma. "Economic analysis of M/M/c/N queue with retention of impatient customers." International Journal of Mathematics in Operational Research 5, no. 6 (2013): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmor.2013.057488.
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Deshmukh, Dewal S., Prashant A. Yadav, and Bhalchandra M. Bhanage. "Cp*Co(iii)-catalyzed annulation of azines by C–H/N–N bond activation for the synthesis of isoquinolines." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, no. 14 (2019): 3489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ob00174c.
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Wang, Juping, Kangcheng Zheng, Ting Li, and Xiaojing Zhan. "Mechanism and Chemoselectivity of Mn-Catalyzed Intramolecular Nitrene Transfer Reaction: C–H Amination vs. C=C Aziridination." Catalysts 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10030292.
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The reactivity, mechanism and chemoselectivity of the Mn-catalyzed intramolecular C–H amination versus C=C aziridination of allylic substrate cis-4-hexenylsulfamate are investigated by BP86 density functional theory computations. Emphasis is placed on the origins of high reactivity and high chemoselectivity of Mn catalysis. The N p orbital character of frontier orbitals, a strong electron-withdrawing porphyrazine ligand and a poor π backbonding of high-valent MnIII metal to N atom lead to high electrophilic reactivity of Mn-nitrene. The calculated energy barrier of C–H amination is 9.9 kcal/mol lower than that of C=C aziridination, which indicates that Mn-based catalysis has an excellent level of chemoselectivity towards C–H amination, well consistent with the experimental the product ratio of amintion-to-aziridination I:A (i.e., (Insertion):(Aziridination)) >20:1. This extraordinary chemoselectivity towards C–H amination originates from the structural features of porphyrazine: a rigid ligand with the big π-conjugated bond. Electron-donating substituents can further increase Mn-catalyzed C–H amination reactivity. The controlling factors found in this work may be considered as design elements for an economical and environmentally friendly C–H amination system with high reactivity and high chemoselectivity.
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KUMAR, O., N. JAIN, K. SINGH, N. RAMAWAT, A. BHATIA, and D. K. SHARMA. "Effect of different mitigation options on growth, productivity and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 10 (December 4, 2020): 1964–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i10.107975.
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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is second most important food grain after rice and is consumed in different forms. The production of wheat in India is currently facing new challenges due to increasing population and adverse impacts of climate change. The production of wheat has increased significantly after the introduction of high yielding varieties. Modern wheat cultivars require adequate amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and several irrigations for economical production. The amount and type of nitrogen fertilizers not only affect the production of wheat but also has impact on climate change due to emission of nitrous oxide. A field experiment was conducted in 2016-17 to study the impact of water management (3 and 5 irrigations) and nitrogen fertilizer (urea, neem coated urea (NCU), urea with thiourea, and leaf colour chart (LCC) based N application) on wheat production and profitability. The nitrogen-management practices and irrigation practices significantly influenced the yield parameters, cost of cultivation, net returns and benefit to cost ratio of wheat crop. Grain yield was increased by 15.89% (p ≥ 0.05) in 5 irrigations compared to 3 irrigations. The grain yield increased by 3.0%, 3.4% and 5.9% in treatments where N was applied using NCU, LCC based N application and urea + thiourea respectively, over urea treatment. Grain yield per kg of N applied was highest in LCC based N application treatment followed by thiourea + urea, NCU and urea N treatments. Highest gross returns was from thiourea treatment however the net returns and B: C ratio were highest in LCC based urea N application due to higher biological yield and saving of 20 kg nitrogen per ha. The study revealed that the economic performance of greenhouse gas mitigation technologies where N was applied based on the plant requirement using leaf colour chart and 5 irrigations was the best followed by application of nitrification inhibitor thiourea with urea and 5 irrigations.
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Wu, Mingshu, Jie Jiang, Zhongxiang Zhu, Qinghe Wang, and Dulin Kong. "One-Pot Catalyst-Free Domino Condensation/Intramolecular 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition: Highly Stereoselective Access to Phosphadihydrocoumarin-Fused N,N-Bicyclic Pyrazolidin-3-ones." Synthesis 50, no. 01 (September 6, 2017): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1590896.
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A concise, atom-economic, and highly regio/stereoselective synthetic strategy was developed for the construction of phosphorus- and nitrogen-fused polycyclic skeleton derivatives. The one-pot, two-step, catalyst-free domino condensation/intramolecular cycloaddition reaction of various substituted 2-(vinylphosphoryloxy)benzaldehydes with pyrazolidin-3-one took place at room temperature. Three new bonds (C–C, 2 × C–N) and two new nitrogen and phosphorus heterocycles were simultaneously constructed. The reaction is particularly attractive due to features such as low cost, mild conditions, atom economy, high stereoselectivity, and potential biological activity of the product.
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Al-Zoubi, Haitham A. "Cyclical and Persistent Carry Trade Returns and Forward Premia." Quarterly Journal of Finance 07, no. 04 (November 22, 2017): 1750010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139217500100.
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We show that carry trade excess returns and forward premia of exchange rates possess persistent and clear business-cycle patterns. Our results contradict the peso model of hedged carry trade developed by [Burnside, C., M. Eichenbaum, I. Kleshchelski, and S. Rebelo, 2011, Do Peso Problems Explain the Returns to the Carry Trade?, Review of Financial Studies 24(3), 853–891.] and the overconfidence model of carry trade developed by [Burnside, C., B. Han, D. Hirshleifer, and T. Y. Wang, 2011, Investor Overconfidence and the Forward Premium Puzzle, Review of Economic Studies 78(2), 523–558.]. Our results support equilibrium asset pricing models and share the habit formation view of [Verdelhan, A., 2010, A Habit-Based Explanation of the Exchange Rate Risk Premium, Journal of Finance 65(1), 123–145.] that requires countercyclical risk premia. In bad times, when risk aversion is high and domestic interest rates are low, investors require positive currency excess returns. Consistent with [Lustig, H., N. Roussanov, and A. Verdelhan, 2014, Countercyclical Currency Risk Premia, Journal of Financial Economics 111(3), 527–553.] the cyclicality of excess returns is associated with the cyclicality of forward premia. We find that the persistence in forward premia and excess returns is related to their cyclicality. Our results are robust to the [Lustig, H., N. Roussanov, and A. Verdelhan, 2011, Common Risk Factors in Currency Market, Review of Financial Studies 24(11), 3731–3777; Lustig, H., N. Roussanov, and A. Verdelhan, 2014, Countercyclical Currency Risk Premia, Journal of Financial Economics 111(3), 527–553.] high-minus-low (HML) and “dollar carry trade” portfolios.
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Mufidah, Ainin Nur, Hammis Syafaq, and Ana Toni Roby Candra Yudha. "INTEGRATED ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT: EVIDENCE IN THE RELIGIOUS AREA OF GUSDUR'S TOMB." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 8, no. 6 (December 5, 2021): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol8iss20216pp785-796.
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ABSTRAKSaat ini wisata syariah yang biasa dikenal dengan wisata religi sedang menjamur, khususnya di Jawa Timur. Sosok yang dianggap wali oleh sebagian orang itu berada di Surabaya, Gresik, dan Tuban, namun saat ini berkembang di kabupaten Jombang, yakni makam Presiden ke-4 Abdurrahman Wahid yang disebut Gus Dur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemahaman masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan peluang wisata religi makam Gus Dur dalam meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat sekitar pondok pesantren Tebuireng khususnya di dusun Jalan Seblak gang III. Penelitian ini dapat dicermati melalui perubahan kehidupan ekonomi, pemanfaatan peluang usaha dan faktor penghambat bagi kepentingan usaha. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat setempat mengalami perubahan ekonomi dengan memanfaatkan peluang untuk membangun warung di atas tanah mereka dan menyewakannya kepada pedagang luar. Ini memberikan nilai ekonomi tambahan. Namun, penjualan warung-warung tersebut dinilai tidak mencukupi, sehingga mengharuskan mereka untuk membuka usaha sampingan. Terdapat peluang yang sangat baik bagi masyarakat untuk memilih menyewakan lapaknya karena faktor penghambat yaitu keluarga, tenaga kerja, permodalan, dan rasa empati yang tinggi terhadap pedagang pendatang. Saran bagi Pemerintah Kabupaten Jombang adalah memfasilitasi masyarakat dengan pengetahuan kewirausahaan dengan mengadakan seminar agar memiliki pengetahuan dan motivasi yang tinggi untuk menjalankan bisnis.Kata Kunci: Wisata Religi Makam Gus Dur, Peningkatan Ekonomi, Peluang Usaha. ABSTRACTCurrently, sharia tourism, commonly known as religious-friendly tourism is proliferating, especially in East Java. The figure, who is considered a guardian by some people, is located in Surabaya, Gresik, and Tuban but currently developing in the Jombang district, namely the tomb of the 4th President Abdurrahman Wahid, who is called Gus Dur. This study aims to determine the understanding of the community in taking advantage of religious tourism opportunities in Gus Dur's tomb in improving the community's economy around the Tebuireng Islamic boarding school, especially in the hamlet of Street Seblak street alley III. This study can be observed through changes in economic life, utilization of business opportunities and inhibiting factors for business interests. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with interview and documentation data collection techniques. The results of this study show that the local community is experiencing economic changes by taking advantage of the opportunity to build a warung on their land and rent it out to outside traders. It provides added economic value. However, the sales of the stalls are considered insufficient, so they require them to open a side business. There is an excellent opportunity for the community to choose to rent out their stalls because of the inhibiting factors, namely family, labour, capital, and a high sense of empathy for migrant traders. The suggestion for the Jombang Regency Government is to facilitate the community with entrepreneurial knowledge by holding seminars to have high knowledge and motivation for business interests.Keywords: Religion Tourism of Gus Dur Tomb, Economic Improvement, Business Opportunity. REFERENCESAbdi, M. K., & Febriyanti, N. (2020). Penyusunan strategi pemasaran islam dalam berwirausaha di sektor ekonomi kreatif pada masa pandemi covid-19. El Qist - Journal of Islamic Economics and Business, 10(2), 160–179.Abduh, M. (2019). The role of Islamic social finance in achieving SDG Number 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. 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Development of waqf based microfinance and its impact in alleviating the poverty. Ihtifaz: Journal of Islamic Economics, Finance, and Banking, 2(2), 107. https://doi.org/10.12928/ijiefb.v2i2.879Djawahir, A. U. (2018). Teknologi-layanan keuangan, literasi-inklusi keuangan, dan value pada fintech syariah di Indonesia: Perspektif S-O-R (Stimulus-organism-response) model. 2nd Proceedings Annual Conference for Muslim Scholars, April 2018, 439–448.Fatmawati, A., Yudha, A. T. R. C., & Syafaq, H. (2020). Kontrak kerja dan kesejahteraan ABK nelayan perspektif etika bisnis Islam di Sarangmerduro, Jawa Tengah. Nukhbatul ’Ulum: Jurnal Bidang Kajian Islam, 6(2), 298–313.Fitriani, H. (2018). Proyeksi potensi pengembangan pariwisata perhotelan dengan konsep syariah. Muslim Heritage, 3(1), . https://doi.org/10.21154/muslimheritage.v3i1.1257Indrawati, S. M., Diop, N., Ikhsan, M., & Kacaribu, F. (2020). Enhancing resilience to turbulent global financial markets: An Indonesian experience. Economics and Finance in Indonesia, 66(1), 47–63.Kraus, S., Clauß, T., Breier, M., Gast, J., & Tiberius, V. (2020). The economics of covid-19: Initial empirical evidence on how family firms in five European countries cope with the corona crisis. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 26(5), 1067-1092. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-04-2020-0214Miftakhul Jannah, D., & Nugroho, L. (2019). Strategi meningkatkan eksistensi asuransi syariah di Indonesia. Jurnal Maneksi, 8(1), 169–176.Muhamed, A. A., Ab Rahman, M. N., Mohd Hamzah, F., Che Mohd Zain, C. R., & Zailani, S. (2019). The impact of consumption value on consumer behaviour: A case study of halal-certified food supplies. British Food Journal, 121(11), 2951–2966. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-10-2018-0692Nursafitri, S., & Yudha, A. T. R. C. (2020). Instrumen moneter dan belanja daerah serta pengaruhnya terhadap pengangguran terbuka. Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 7(2), 121–136. https://doi.org/10.35590/jeb.v6i2.1649Nusa, A. T. S., & Khoirudin, R. (2020). Analisis determinan PAD sub-sektor pariwisata di DIY tahun 2012-2017. Journal of Economics Development Issues (JEDI), 3(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33005/jedi.v3i01.45Rijal, A. (2018). Pengetahuan konsumen terhadap IB Hasanah Card Bank BNI Syariah Cabang Surabaya. Adilla: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Syari'ah, 1(1), 117–139.Ryandono, M. N. H. (2018). FinTech waqaf : Solusi permodalan perusahaan startup wirausaha muda, 7(2), 111–121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.39347Standard, D. (2019). State of the global islamic economy report 2019/20. Dubai International Financial Centre, 1–174. https://haladinar.io/hdn/doc/report2018.pdfSukoco, A., Anshori, Y., & Yudha, A. T. R. C. (2020). Strategies to increase market share for histopatological equipment products (Brand Sakura): Case Study in management of a sole agent company. SINERGI, 10(2), 19–26.Usman, H., Sobari, N., & Sari, L. E. (2019). Sharia motivation in Muslim tourism definition, is it matter? Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10(3), 709–723. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2018-0015Wahyu Puspitasari, A. (2017). Optimizing productive land waqf towards farmers prosperity. Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics, 7(1), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiae.2017.007.01.7Yalina, N., Kartika, A. P., & Yudha, A. T. R. C. (2020). Impact analysis of digital divide on food security and poverty in Indonesiain 2015-2017. Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi, 19(2), 145–158. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.12695/jmt.2020.19.2.3Yudha, A. T. R. C., Harisah, Santoso, I. R., Mukr, S. G., Zibbri, M., Firdaus, N. N., Hidayatullah, A., Hasani, J. E., Adam, M., Hamzah, M. M., Dian, C., Wijayanti, D. M., Fahrurrozi, & Zaini, M. (2020). Bisnis, Keuangan, Ekonomika Islam dan Covid-19: Merumuskan teori dan model bisnis, keuangan dan ekonomika islam dalam mengatasi krisis ekonomi akibat pandemi Covid-19. Jakarta: Kementerian Keuangan RI.Yudha, A. T. R. C., & Lathifah, N. (2018). Productive zakat as a fiscal element for the development and empowerment of micro enterprises in East Java Province. International Conference of Zakat. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37706/iconz.2018.123Yudha, A. T. R. C., & Muizz, A. (2020). Optimalisasi potensi lahan pertanian untuk ketahanan pangan di Kecamatan Panceng, Gresik, Jawa Timur. Journals of Economics Development Issues ( JEDI ), 3(2), 297–308. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33005/jedi.v3i2.55Yudha, A. T. R. C., Pauzi, N. S., & Azli, R. binti M. (2020). The Synergy Model for Strengthening the Productivity of Indonesian Halal Industry. Al-Uqud: Journal of Islamic Economics, 4(2), 186–199. https://doi.org/10.26740/al-uqud.v4n2.p186-199Yudha, A. T. R. C., Ryandono, M. N. H., Rijal, A., & Wijayanti, I. (2020). Financing model to develop local commodity business of East Java in Maqashid Syariah perspective. Test Engineering and Management, 83(3590), 3590–3595.
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Anita Isioma Ashibuogwu, Ozadheoghene Eriarie Afieroho, Mikailu Suleiman, and Kio Anthony Abo. "Anti-urease and antioxidant activities of the leaf extracts from Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (Rutaceae)." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.11.1.0099.
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This report is on the urease inhibitory and free radical scavenging activities of the leaf extracts of Murraya paniculata. The pulverized plant sample (314 g) was extracted by successive cold maceration using n-hexane (non-polar), acetone (moderately polar) and absolute ethanol (polar) for 72 hrs. Phytochemical screening done using standard phytochemical methods, urease inhibition using modifed Berthelot method and free radical scavenging using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) spectrophotometric assays. The bioactive extract was fractionated on chromatography column packed with normal phase silica gel (200-400 mesh size) and eluted using gradient mixtures of n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. The pooled fractions from the column were assessed for bioactivity. The functional group investigation was done using infra-red (IR) spectroscopy. Alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, phenols, steroids, and carbohydrates were present in the extract. The acetone extract displayed the highest free radical scavenging activity (54.186±0.0004) with IC 50 value: 0.84 mg/ml, and urease inhibition. Its dichloromethane-methanol column chromatography fraction had the highest free radical scavenging activity at 0.8 mg/ml (60.65±0.062) with an IC50 value: 0.49mg/ml. The activities were quite significant compared to the standard (Ascorbic acid) at P<0.05. The bioactive dichloromethane-methanol column chromatography fraction evidenced vibration stretching bands [3440 cm-1 (O-H), 2975 cm-1 (C-H), 1745 cm-1 (C=O), 1634 cm-1 (C=C), 1290 cm-1(C-N), and 1134/1007 cm-1 (C-O)] from the IR spectroscopy thus corroborating the detected phytochemicals. These current results validate the use of the M. paniculata in managing oxidative stress and other reported traditional uses in addition to the potentials for its use in the discovery and development of eco-friendly urease inhibitors for sustainable agriculture.
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Asuk, O. C. "N. C. Ejituwu and the Historiography of Niger Delta Inter-Group Relations." International Journal of Culture and History 7, no. 1 (June 20, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijch.v7i1.17220.
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The Niger Delta has an interesting history of inter-group relations with attendant interchange of ideas and influences that reflected its heterogeneous and multi-polar character. However, the apparent predominant historiography of these inter-group relations tend to demonstrate an inherent prejudice against Andoni (Obolo) contrary to historical facts that portray her military exploits and significant influences on the evolution and peopling of the region and beyond. Primarily, this work aims at analyzing the role of Nkparom Claude Ejituwu in the historical reconstruction narratives of the complex inter-group relations woven around inter-marriages, inter-related migrations, commercial rivalries or competitions for economic resources, wars and fluid alliances, and traditional diplomacies with intricate outcomes. The study utilized primary and secondary sources to demonstrate the terrific historical, cultural, economic and political exchanges between Andoni and her neighbours as well as the strength of Ejituwu's scholarship in the deconstruction of orthodox stereotypes in the historiography of Niger Delta inter-group interactions. It concludes that Andoni had developed significant relations with and radically impacted her neighbours before European colonialism altered it to produce critical implications for Andoni in the post-colonial era.
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ACHILLEOS, KATERINA, DENNIS P. GORDON, and ABIGAIL M. SMITH. "Cellaria (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the deep: new species from the southern Zealandian region." Zootaxa 4801, no. 2 (June 18, 2020): 201–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4801.2.1.
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Collections from relatively deep waters around the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone have revealed new species in the cheilostome bryozoan genus Cellaria sensu lato. We describe here seven new species: C. calculosa n. sp., C. curiosa n. sp., C. gracillima n. sp., C. major n. sp., C. spatulifera n. sp., C. stenorhyncha n. sp. and C. macricula n. sp. previously misidentified as C. humilis Moyano, 1983. Four additional species (here called spp. 1, 2, 3, 4) are left in open nomenclature since not enough key taxonomic characteristics were observed to define them as new. Furthermore, some of the newly described species have combinations of taxonomic characters that overlap with those said to characterise Paracellaria and Euginoma. The New Zealand region holds the highest species diversity of Cellaria sensu lato in the world.
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Meidayati, Anis Wahyu. "Impact of Telecommunication Infrastructure, Market Size, Trade Openness and Labor Force on Foreign Direct Investment in ASEAN." Journal of Developing Economies 2, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jde.v2i2.6677.
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AbstractForeign Direct Investment (FDI) in recent years has created a positive impact for ASEAN countries. FDI give spillover effects that directly contribute capital improvements, technological developments, and global market access, also skills and managerial transfers. In order to attract FDI inflow into country, ASEAN member countries need to know what factors which attract investment related to the needs of infrastructure types and other factors. The purpose of this study is examine the determinant of FDI in ASEAN countries. This research method used is panel data regression period 2005-2015 from 10 countries in ASEAN. The results showed simultaneously and partially telecommunication infrastructure, market size, trade openness, and labor force variable have significant relationship with FDI inflows in ASEAN countries.Keywords: panel data regression, telecommunication infrastructure, market size, trade openness, labor force, FDI.ReferencesAppleyard, DR. Field, JF. and Cobb, SL. 2008. International Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill.Azam, Muhammad. 2010. “Economic Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Armenia, Kyrgyz Republic and Turkmenistan: Theory and Evidence”, Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics. 3 (6), 27-40.Botric, Valerija. 2006. “Main Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in the Southeast European Countries”, Transition Studies Review. Vol. 13(2): 359–377.Calderon, C., and Serven, L., 2010. “Infrastructure and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa”, Journal of African Economies. Vol.19(4): 13-87.Carbaugh, Robert J. 2008. International Economics. Edisi Kedelapan. South Western: Thomson Learning.Chakrabarti, A. 2001. “The Determinant of Foreign Direct Investment: Sensivity Analysses of Cross-Country Regression”, International Symposium on Sustainable Development. Vol 54 (1):89-114.Demirhan, E., & Masca, M. 2008. Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Flows. Prague Economic Papers.Dutt, Pushan, et all. 2007. “International trade and unemployment: Theory and cross-national evidence”, Journal of International Economics. Volume 78(1): 32-44.Gharaibeh, A. M. 2015. “The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment-Empirical Evidence from Bahrain”, International Journal of Business and Social Science. Vol. 6(8): 94-106.Grigg, N. 2000. Infrastructure System Management & Optimazation. Working Paper of Internasional Civil Engineering Departement Diponegoro University.Hirsch, Caitlin E. 1976. Macroeconomics, Politics and Policy: The Determinants of Capital Flows to Latin America. Texas Tech University.Hymer, Stephen Herbert. 1976. The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA), MIT Department of Economics PhD thesis originally presented 1960.Kaliappan, Shivee Ranjanee et all. 2013. “Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU) Countries”, International Journal of Economics and Management. Vol 7(1): 136 – 149.Kurniati, Y., A. et al. 2007. Determinan FDI (Faktor-faktor yang Menentukan Investasi Asing Langsung). Jakarta: Bank Indonesia.Mughal, M.M., & Akram, M. 2011. “Does Market Size Affect FDI? The Case of Pakistan”, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. Vol. 2(9): 237-247.Nasir, S. 2016. “FDI in India’s Retail Sector: Opportunities and Challenges”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. Vol: 23(3): 155-125.Novianti, Tanti et all. 2014. “The Infrastructure’s Influence on the Asean Countries’ Economic Growth”, Journal of Economics and Development Studies. Vol. 2(4):243-254.Rehman, C. A., Ilyas, M., Alam, H. M., & Akram. M., (2011). “The impact of Infrastructure on Foreign Direct Investment: The case of Pakistan”, International Journal of Business and Management. Vol.6(5): 184-197.Salvatore, D. 2007. International Economics. United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Sarna, Ritash. 2005. The impact of core labour standards on Foreign Direct Investment in East Asia. Working Paper of the Japan Institute No. 1789.Shah, Mumtaz Hussain. 2014. The Significance of Infrastructure for Fdi Inflow in Developing Countries. Journal of Life Economics. Vol. 3(5):1-16.Shah, Mumtaz Hussain., and Khan, Yahya. 2016. Trade Liberalisation and FDI Inflow in Emerging Economies. Business & Economic Review. Vol 2(1): 35-52.Todaro, Michael P. and Smith, Stephen C. 2011. Economic Development. Ninth Edition. United States: Addison Wesley.Umoru, D. & Yaqub, J.O. 2013. “Labour productivity and Human capital in Nigeria: The empirical evidence”, International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol. 3(4). 199-221.Vernon, R. (1966). “The product cycle hypothesis in a new international environment”, Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics. Vol 41(4), 255-267.World Bank. 2015. World Development Indicator 2015.Zeb, Nayyra et all. 2015. “Telecommunication Infrastructure and Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan: An Empirical Study”, Global Journal of Management and Business Research. Vol. 14(4): 117-128.
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Filer, Randall K., and Jan Hanousek. "Data Watch: Research Data from Transition Economies." Journal of Economic Perspectives 16, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0895330027076.
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This section will offer a description of data sources that may be of interest to economists. The purpose is to describe what data are available from those sources, what questions can be addressed because of the unique features of the data, and how an interested reader can gain access to the data. Suggestions for data sources that might be discussed here (or comments on past columns) can be sent to William N. Evans, c/o Data Watch, University of Maryland, Department of Economics, College Park, Maryland 20742, or they can be e-mailed to 〈 evans@econ.umd.edu 〉.
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Cui, Xin-Feng, and Guo-Sheng Huang. "Rhodium-catalyzed tandem acylmethylation/annulation of N-nitrosoanilines with sulfoxonium ylides for the synthesis of substituted indazole N-oxides." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 18, no. 21 (2020): 4014–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ob00723d.
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An atom-economical protocol for synthesizing indazole N-oxides from readily available N-nitrosoanilines and sulfoxonium ylides through the rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation and cyclization reaction is described here.
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Leung, Michael P. "Equilibrium computation in discrete network games." Quantitative Economics 11, no. 4 (2020): 1325–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe1386.
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Counterfactual policy evaluation often requires computation of game‐theoretic equilibria. We provide new algorithms for computing pure‐strategy Nash equilibria of games on networks with finite action spaces. The algorithms exploit the fact that many agents may be endowed with types such that a particular action is a dominant strategy. These agents can be used to partition the network into smaller subgames whose equilibrium sets may be more feasible to compute. We provide bounds on the complexity of our algorithms for models obeying certain restrictions on the strength of strategic interactions. These restrictions are analogous to the assumption in the widely used linear‐in‐means model of social interactions that the magnitude of the endogenous peer effect is bounded below one. For these models, our algorithms have complexity O p ( n c ), where the randomness is with respect to the data‐generating process, n is the number of agents, and c depends on the strength of strategic interactions. We also provide algorithms for computing pairwise stable and directed Nash stable networks in network formation games.
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Caspi, Caitlin E., Marna Canterbury, Samantha Carlson, Jamie Bain, Laura Bohen, Katherine Grannon, Hikaru Peterson, and Thomas Kottke. "A behavioural economics approach to improving healthy food selection among food pantry clients." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 12 (March 12, 2019): 2303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019000405.
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AbstractObjectiveTo test the effect of a behavioural economics intervention in two food pantries on the nutritional quality of foods available at the pantries and the foods selected by adults visiting food pantries.DesignAn intervention (SuperShelf) was implemented in two food pantries (Sites A and B), with two other pantries (Sites C and D) serving as a control for pantry outcomes. The intervention aimed to increase the amount and variety of healthy foods (supply), as well as the appeal of healthy foods (demand) using behavioural economics strategies. Assessments included baseline and 4-month follow-up client surveys, client cart inventories, pantry inventories and environmental assessments. A fidelity score (range 0–100) was assigned to each intervention pantry to measure the degree of implementation. A Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) score (range 0–100) was generated for each client cart and pantry.SettingFour Minnesota food pantries, USA.ParticipantsClients visiting intervention pantries before (n 71) and after (n 70) the intervention.ResultsFidelity scores differed by intervention site (Site A=82, Site B=51). At Site A, in adjusted models, client cart HEI-2010 scores increased on average by 11·8 points (P<0·0001), whereas there was no change at Site B. HEI-2010 pantry environment scores increased in intervention pantries (Site A=8 points, Site B=19 points) and decreased slightly in control pantries (Site C=−4 points, Site D=−3 points).ConclusionsWhen implemented as intended, SuperShelf has the potential to improve the nutritional quality of foods available to and selected by pantry clients.
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Ambadi, Ashwini, D. Krishnamurty, Sathyanaran Rao, B. K. Desai, M. V. Ravi, and S. Shubha. "Yield potential and economics of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) as influenced by different crop residues and green biomass composts." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1591.
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A field experiment was conducted on vertisols at Organic Farming Research Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur coming under northern Karnataka during rabi season of 2015-16 to study the yield potential (q ha-1 ) and economics of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) as influenced by different crop residues and green biomass composts. The experiment consisted of fifteen treatments, of which twelve treatments were based on nitrogen supply though different composts, one recommended dose of fertilizer, one recommended organic and inorganic fertilizers and another was absolute control. Significantly higher grain yield (39.9 q ha-1 ) and stover yield (13.2 tha1 ) was recorded with application of FYM @ 3 t ha-1 + RDF (50:25 N:P2O5 kg ha-1 )followed by recommended NP fertilizers (T13: 37.2 q ha-1 ) and Cotton stalks +Redgram stalks + Glyricidiasp. with C: N ratio of 30:1 compost @ 50 kg N equivalent (T12: 36.6 q ha-1 ). The lowest grain yield was recorded with absolute control (T15: 18.4 q ha-1 ). Significantly higher B:C (3.08) was recorded with RDF(50:25 N:P2O5 kg ha-1 ) + FYM @ 3 t ha-1 application followed Cotton stalks +Redgram stalks + Glyricidia sp. with C: N ratio of 30:1 compost @ 50 kg N equivalent (T12:2.90) over other treatments. Application of recommended FYM @ 3 t ha-1 15 days before sowing along with 50 kg of nitrogen and 25 kg of phosphorus per hectare at the time of sowing recorded higher dry matter production, grain and stover yield and net returns and benefit: cost ratio.
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Ding, Wu, D. J. Hume, T. J. Vyn, and E. G. Beauchamp. "N credit of soybean to a following corn crop in central Ontario." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-180.
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Field studies were conducted to determine the nitrogen (N) fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) when soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) preceded corn (Zea mays L.) in the rotation (S-C), compared to corn preceding corn (C-C). Large, replicated blocks of soybean and corn were established in 1993 and 1994 near Elora, Ontario. In the following year, each large block was subdivided into smaller plots. Fertilizer N was applied at six rates from 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 to the second-year corn crop. Corn grain yield responses to fertilizer N were fitted by quadratic regression. Maximum economic rate of N was calculated for each crop sequence and NFRV's were determined. Corn yields were consistently higher when grown after soybean (S-C) than after corn (C-C). Maximum corn yields were 10.4 and 12.3 Mg ha−1 in 1994 and 1995, respectively. NFRVs for S-C, compared to C-C, were 41 and 59 kg N ha−1 in the two years. As a result of these studies and numerous other experiments, recommended fertilizer N rates have been changed to 30 kg N ha−1 less for S-C than for C-C in central Ontario. Key words: Nitrogen credit, corn, soybean, fertilizer N, replacement value, crop rotation
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Dye, Richard F. "Michigan at the Millennium: A Benchmark and Analysis of Its Fiscal and Economic Structure by Charles L. Ballard; Paul N. Courant; Douglas C. Drake; Ronald C. Fisher; Elisabeth R. Gerber." National Tax Journal 58, no. 2 (June 2005): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2005.2.10.
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Zhang, Shouan, David A. Schisler, Michael J. Boehm, and Patricia J. Slininger. "Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio and Carbon Loading of Production Media Influence Freeze-Drying Survival and Biocontrol Efficacy of Cryptococcus nodaensis OH 182.9." Phytopathology® 95, no. 6 (June 2005): 626–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-95-0626.
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Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. Cryptococcus nodaensis OH 182.9 is an effective biocontrol agent for this disease. Development of a dried product of OH 182.9 would have potential advantages of ease of handling, favorable economics, and acceptance by end users. Isolate OH 182.9 was grown for 48 and 72 h in semi-defined complete liquid (SDCL) medium with carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios of 6.5:1, 9:1, 11:1, 15:1, and 30:1, and in SDCL C/N 30:1 media with varied carbon loadings of 7, 14, 21, and 28 g/liter. Total biomass production and cell survival at 15 days after freeze-drying were evaluated. Biomass production of OH 182.9 (CFU per milliliter) was not different for all cultivation time by medium C/N or carbon loading combinations. In general, cells harvested at 48 h survived freeze-drying better than those harvested at 72 h. Survival of freeze-dried cells was greatest for cells grown for 48 h in C/N30:1 medium. Cells produced in C/N 6.5:1 medium generally exhibited the poorest survival. For the C/N 30:1 media, cells from 7 g/liter carbon loading medium harvested after 48 h had the best survival after freeze-drying. The difference in freeze-dried cell populations between superior and inferior treatments was typically 1 to 2 log units at 15 days after freeze-drying. The biomass of OH 182.9 produced in SDCL with varied C/N ratios and in SDCL C/N 30:1 media with differing carbon loadings was tested for biocontrol efficacy against FHB in greenhouse studies. The biomass harvested from SDCL C/N 9:1, 11:1, and 15:1 media after 48 h significantly reduced symptoms of FHB. None of the treatments with cells harvested at 72 h consistently reduced FHB severity (P ≤ 0.05). Cells grown in SDCL C/N 30:1 media with 7 and 14 g/liter carbon loading significantly reduced FHB disease severity. Cells harvested from SDCL C/N 9:1, 11:1, and 30:1 with 14 g/liter carbon increased the 100-kernel weight compared with the disease control. The potential of improving OH 182.9 product quality via management of the nutritional environment of the production medium is demonstrated in this study.
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Chernozhukov, Victor, Denis Chetverikov, and Kengo Kato. "Inference on Causal and Structural Parameters using Many Moment Inequalities." Review of Economic Studies 86, no. 5 (November 16, 2018): 1867–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdy065.
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Abstract This article considers the problem of testing many moment inequalities where the number of moment inequalities, denoted by $p$, is possibly much larger than the sample size $n$. There is a variety of economic applications where solving this problem allows to carry out inference on causal and structural parameters; a notable example is the market structure model of Ciliberto and Tamer (2009) where $p=2^{m+1}$ with $m$ being the number of firms that could possibly enter the market. We consider the test statistic given by the maximum of $p$ Studentized (or $t$-type) inequality-specific statistics, and analyse various ways to compute critical values for the test statistic. Specifically, we consider critical values based upon (1) the union bound combined with a moderate deviation inequality for self-normalized sums, (2) the multiplier and empirical bootstraps, and (3) two-step and three-step variants of (1) and (2) by incorporating the selection of uninformative inequalities that are far from being binding and a novel selection of weakly informative inequalities that are potentially binding but do not provide first-order information. We prove validity of these methods, showing that under mild conditions, they lead to tests with the error in size decreasing polynomially in $n$ while allowing for $p$ being much larger than $n$; indeed $p$ can be of order $\exp (n^{c})$ for some $c > 0$. Importantly, all these results hold without any restriction on the correlation structure between $p$ Studentized statistics, and also hold uniformly with respect to suitably large classes of underlying distributions. Moreover, in the online supplement, we show validity of a test based on the block multiplier bootstrap in the case of dependent data under some general mixing conditions.