Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economics, n.e.c

Academic literature on the topic 'Economics, n.e.c'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Economics, n.e.c"

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Brahmananda, P. R. "C. N. Vakil's Contributions to Economics: 1920-1950." Indian Economic Journal 42, no. 4 (June 1995): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466219950401.

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Hassler, Uwe. "D. N. DeJong and C. Dave: Structural Macroeconometrics." Journal of Economics 94, no. 1 (May 12, 2008): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00712-008-0311-9.

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Eisenberger, Patrick, and Laurel L. Schafer. "Catalytic synthesis of amines and N-containing heterocycles: Amidate complexes for selective C–N and C–C bond-forming reactions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 7 (May 31, 2010): 1503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-09-11-27.

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The direct, 100 % atom-economic, and selective synthesis of amines is a challenging task that can be achieved, making use of early transition-metal catalysts. Here we report the synthesis and application of group 4 and 5 high-oxidation-state metal amidate complexes in catalytic C–N (hydroamination) and C–C (hydroaminoalkylation) bond-forming reactions to access substituted amines.
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DE MARTINO, ANDREA, MATTEO MARSILI, and ISAAC PEREZ CASTILLO. "TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF LARGE RANDOM ECONOMIES WITH LINEAR ACTIVITIES." Macroeconomic Dynamics 11, S1 (May 9, 2007): 34–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100507060191.

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We study the competitive equilibrium of large random economies with linear activities using methods of statistical mechanics. We focus on economies with C commodities, N firms, each running a randomly drawn linear technology, and one consumer. We derive, in the limit N, C ∞ with n=N/C fixed, a complete description of the statistical properties of typical equilibria. We find two regimes, which in the limit of efficient technologies are separated by a phase transition, and argue that endogenous technological change drives the economy close to the critical point.
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Pető, Judit, Imre Cserni, Attila Hüvely, Viktor József Vojnich, and Zsuzsanna Tóthné Taskovics. "Nitrogén és C vitamin tartalom összefüggései zellergumóban homoktalajon." Economica 8, no. 4/2 (August 21, 2020): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47282/economica/2015/8/4/2/4620.

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Kísérletsorozatunkban zeller tesztnövényt alkalmaztunk, liziméteres jellegű tenyészedényekben figyeltük meg a növény növekedését, tápelem tartalmát és ezek összefüggéseit. Jelen közleményünkben a különböző dózisú nitrogén műtrágya adagok (abszolút kontroll, alaptrágyázott, alap +60/120/180 kg/ha N, valamint alap+ 240 kg/ha N (számított N szerves trágya formájában) hatását mutatjuk be. A zellergumó N-tartalma a nitrogén dózisok függvényében jelentős mértékben növekedett; valamint a gumók N-tartalma és a C vitamin tartalma között erős pozitív korrelációt (r= 0,815, p < 0,025 szinten) mutattunk ki. Eredményeinkből megállapítható, hogy kísérleti elrendezésünkben homoktalajon, – a kolloidtartalmat gyarapító és a talajszerkezetet javító - szervestrágyázás bizonyult legkedvezőbb hatásúnak.
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Pető, Judit, Imre Cserni, Attila Hüvely, Viktor József Vojnich, and Zsuzsanna Tóthné Taskovics. "Nitrogén és C vitamin tartalom összefüggései zellergumóban homoktalajon." Economica 8, no. 4/2 (August 21, 2020): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47282/economica/2015/8/4/2/4620.

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Kísérletsorozatunkban zeller tesztnövényt alkalmaztunk, liziméteres jellegű tenyészedényekben figyeltük meg a növény növekedését, tápelem tartalmát és ezek összefüggéseit. Jelen közleményünkben a különböző dózisú nitrogén műtrágya adagok (abszolút kontroll, alaptrágyázott, alap +60/120/180 kg/ha N, valamint alap+ 240 kg/ha N (számított N szerves trágya formájában) hatását mutatjuk be. A zellergumó N-tartalma a nitrogén dózisok függvényében jelentős mértékben növekedett; valamint a gumók N-tartalma és a C vitamin tartalma között erős pozitív korrelációt (r= 0,815, p < 0,025 szinten) mutattunk ki. Eredményeinkből megállapítható, hogy kísérleti elrendezésünkben homoktalajon, – a kolloidtartalmat gyarapító és a talajszerkezetet javító - szervestrágyázás bizonyult legkedvezőbb hatásúnak.
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Li, Shiqing, Hongxu Lv, Yu Yu, Xiuqing Ye, Baisong Li, Songming Yang, Yanru Mo, and Xiangfei Kong. "Domino N-/C- or N-/N-/C-arylation of imidazoles to yield polyaryl imidazolium salts via atom-economical use of diaryliodonium salts." Chemical Communications 55, no. 75 (2019): 11267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc05237b.

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A Cu-mediated domino di-/triarylation reaction of imidazoles in a single step by using two aryls as well as an anion of a diaryliodonium salt is developed to quickly achieve polyaryl imidazolium salts.
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Gao, Hongjie, Jianhong Su, Pengfei Xu, and Xin Xu. "Scandium-catalyzed C(sp3)–H alkylation of N,N-dimethyl anilines with alkenes." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 1 (2018): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7qo00718c.

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Hendriks, Sheryl L. "Suresh C Babu, Shailendra N Gajanan and J Arne Hallam: Nutrition Economics: Principles and policy applications." Food Security 10, no. 2 (March 10, 2018): 495–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0775-6.

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Su, Jianhong, Yiqun Zhou, and Xin Xu. "Hydroaminoalkylation of sterically hindered alkenes with N,N-dimethyl anilines using a scandium catalyst." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, no. 7 (2019): 2013–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob02657b.

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Atom-economical and regioselective C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond formation has been achieved by C(sp3)–H alkylation of N,N-dimethyl anilines with sterically demanding alkenes by scandium catalysis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economics, n.e.c"

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Ahern, J. M. "Radical hydroacylation of C-C and N-N double bonds in air." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1309819/.

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The formation of C-C and C-N bonds in modern organic synthesis is a key target for methodological advancement. Current methods of C-C and C-N bond formation often involve the use of expensive catalysts, or sub-stoichiometric reagents, which can lead to the generation of undesirable waste products. This thesis describes a novel and environmentally benign set of reaction conditions for the formation of C-C and C-N bonds by hydroacylation and this is promoted by mixing two reagents, an aldehyde and an electron-deficient double bond, under freely available atmospheric oxygen at room temperature Chapter 1 will provide an introduction to the thesis and mainly discusses methods for C-C bond formation, in particular, radical chemistry and hydroacylation. Chapter 2 describes the hydroacylation of vinyl sulfonates and vinyl sulfones (C-C double bonds) with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes with a discussion and evidence for the mechanism of the transformation. Chapter 3 details the synthesis of precursors for intramolecular cyclisations and studies into aerobic intramolecular cyclisations. Chapter 4 describes the hydroacylation of vinyl phosphonates (C-C double bonds) and diazocarboxylates (N-N double bonds) with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes bearing functional groups. In addition, the hydroacylation of diazocarboxylates with chiral aldehydes will be discussed. In conclusion, a new, facile and clean set of reaction conditions for the formation of C-C and C-N bonds has been developed via aerobic C-H activation of aldehydes providing access to unsymmetrical ketones.
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Qian, Xin. "Cobalt-Catalyzed C-C and C-N Coupling reactions." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00943479.

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Ce travail de these a permis le déveloippement de nouvelles reactions de couplage catalysées par des sels de cobalt(II) Le premier chapitre décrit l'allylation cobalta catalysée d'halogénures d'alkyles. La méthode est facile à mettre en œuvre, efficace avec une grande variété d'halogénures d'alkyes et des acétates ou carbonates d'allyle substitués. Les rendements vont de bons à excellents et la tolérance fonctionnelle élevée. Dans le cas d'acétates d'allyle substitués le produit linéaire est obtenu majoritairement ou exclusivement. Quelques expériences ont permis de mettre en lumière la formation d'espèce radicalaire lors du cycle catalytique. Les premiers essais pour étendre cette méthodologie aux couplages allyle-allyle et alkyle-alkyle sont également décrits. Le deuxième chapitre porte sur l'amination catalysée au cobalt d'organozinciques fonctionnalisés en utilisant des N-chloroamines. La procédure est simple et générale et demande des conditions plus douces que celles précédemment décrite, tout en tolérant un très large éventail de substrats, avec une bonne tolérance à de nombreux groupes fonctionnels. Les premiers essais pour étendre la méthodologie à la réaction entre un organozincique et une source électrophile de soufre en vue de former des liaisons C-S sont également exposés. Enfin le dernier chapitre décrit la réaction d'organozinciques engendrés par catalyse au cobalt avec une source " verte " de cyanure électrophile, N-cyano-N-phenyl-p-methyl-benzenesulfonamide (NCTS), pour conduire avec de bons rendements aux arylnitriles correspondants. Des sources analogues de CN+ ont également été testées.
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Simayi, Rena. "Synthesis and reaction chemistry of various N,N,C- and O,N,C- palladium pincer complexes." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/39392.

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In this thesis, the synthesis, characterisation and complexation chemistry of a series of related NNC and ONC pyridine based pincer ligands, together with some reaction chemistry of the metal complexes is described. The pro-ligands and the metal complexes have been characterised by a combination of multinuclear NMR spectroscopic techniques, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and, for selected examples, by single crystal X-ray crystallography; remarkable spectroscopic and structural data are discussed. In Chapter 2, the synthesis and characterization of thirteen NNC and ONC pyridine based pincer ligands is described, including nine novel pincer ligands and four pyridine based pincers which have been previously reported. In Chapter 3, the palladium/platinum chemistry of NNCaryl and ONCaryl pyridine based pincer ligands is explored. Variation on the donor atoms has allowed an investigation of donor property influences on C-H activation, by giving peri-activated palladium pincer complexes for the ketimine-, aldimine-, amine- and biyridine-armed ligands and generating ortho-activated ONC palladium pincer complexes in the case of the alcohol-armed pro-ligand. Use of different palladium salts also led to different regioselective C-H activations. With the ketimine-armed naphthyl ligand (HL1ket-nap) as the example, the interconversion chemistry between the ortho- and peri-C-H activated products is also explored. In Chapter 4, sp3 C-H activation of the Et-armed ligand HL4Et with both palladium acetate and palladium chlorides has been unsuccessful, giving the N,N-coordinated bidentate species. The reaction of palladium acetate with the iPr-armed pro-ligand HL4iPr has resulted in minor amounts of C-H activated vinyl species with the major product being the non-activated palladium diacetate complex. Noticeably, upon reaction with Na2PdCl4, a mixture of the non-activated bis-chloride palladium complex and the sp3 C-H activated NNC-tridentate palladium species has been obtained, in a ratio of 1:1.5. Moreover, the sp3 C-H activation and the isolation of a rare sp3 C-H activated palladium complex have been achieved by reacting the tBu-armed pro-ligand HL4tBu with palladium acetate. The reaction of this ligand with Na2PdCl4 also resulted in the successful C-H activation of the tBu-arm to give a palladium pincer complex with a yield of 95%. Other than the NMR and FABMS analyses, the solid state X-ray structure of the latter complex confirmed the formation of the material as a rare sp3 C-H activated palladium complex. The stoichiometric reactivity of the (NNC/ONC)PdCl species towards AgBF4/AgPF6, and the subsequent ligand exchange reactions are disclosed in Chapter 5, together with the application of twelve palladium complexes as a series of promising catalysts in the allylic arylation of various allylic acetates with sodium tetraphenylborate.
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Huang, Xiaohua 1973. "Palladium-catalyzed C-C, C-N and C-O bond formation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29639.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2003.
Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
New methods for Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides or arenesulfonates are described. Key to the success of these transformations is the proper choice of ligand and reaction conditions. Palladium catalysts supported by bulky, monodentate phosphine ligands with a biaryl backbone or the bidentate ligand, Xantphos, effectively promote the formation of ca-aryl carbonyl compounds. Base-sensitive functional groups are better tolerated when a weak base, such as K3PO4, is used. One of the most difficult transformations in Pd catalysis, the intermolecular C-O bond formation between primary alcohols and electron-neutral or even electron-rich aryl halides, was effectively promoted by the use of a new generation of ligands, 3-methyl-2-di-t-butylphosphinobiaryl. The one-step synthesis of ligands from cheap starting materials, as well as the mild reaction conditions employed for the coupling reactions, enables the practical use of Pd catalysis to access aryl alkyl ethers for the first time. Continuing study of Pd-catalyzed C-N bond-forming processes using biaryl monophosphine ligands led to the discovery of a structural derivative of these ligands, 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl. This ligand, in combination with a Pd source, produces a catalyst system with both a greater degree of activity and of stability than those that use our previous ligands. Substrates that were not amenable to Pd catalysis previously are reexamined using this new catalyst system, and excellent results are obtained.
by Xiaohua Huang.
Ph.D.
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Cómbita, Merchán Diego Fernando. "Formación de enlaces C-C, C-N y N-N con catalizadores de óxido de cerio y de oro/óxido de cerio." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/62780.

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[EN] Heterogeneous catalysis is one of the most important tools in the advancement of green chemistry, understood it as one that efficiently uses (preferably renewable) raw materials, eliminate waste and avoids the use of toxic and/or dangerous reagents and solvents in chemicals production and application. In this thesis we have investigated the reaction mechanisms and the nature of the active centers in C-C, C-N and N-N bond forming reactions over cerium oxide and over gold nanoparticles supported on cerium oxide heterogeneous catalysts. As C-C bond formation reaction, we had been studied Sonogashira reaction catalyzed by a heterogeneous Au/CeO2 catalyst, wherein the CeO2 nanoparticle is about 5 nm in diameter. The second part of the thesis comprises the study of C-N bonds formation during carbamoylation reaction between diaminotoluene and dimethyl carbonate, catalyzed by cerium oxide, studying the effect over the reaction of the crystal planes available for reactants adsorption. In a third part, the N-N bond formation in the reductive coupling reaction of nitrocompounds to obtain azocompounds was studied, using Au/CeO2 as heterogeneous catalyst. Also in this section we report, by first time, an active and selective heterogeneous catalyst for the Mills reaction between nitroso compounds and anilines to obtain symmetric and asymmetric azocompounds.
[ES] La catálisis heterogénea es una de las más importantes herramientas para el desarrollo de la Química Sostenible, entendida como aquella que utiliza eficientemente las materias primas (preferiblemente renovables), elimina los desechos y evita el uso de reactivos y solventes tóxicos y/o peligrosos en la manufactura y aplicación de los productos químicos. En esta tesis doctoral se han investigado los mecanismos de reacción y la naturaleza de los centros activos, en reacciones de formación de enlaces C-C, C-N, y N-N sobre catalizadores heterogéneos de óxido de cerio y de nanopartículas de oro soportadas en óxido de cerio. Como reacción de formación de enlaces C-C se ha estudiado la reacción de Sonogashira catalizada con un catalizador heterogéneo de Au/CeO2, en donde el CeO2 está en forma de nanopartículas de cerca de 5nm de diámetro. En la segunda parte de la tesis se profundiza en el estudio de la formación de enlaces C-N durante la reacción de carbamoilación del diaminotolueno con dimetilcarbonato catalizada por el óxido de cerio, estudiando el efecto que tiene sobre la reacción la naturaleza de los planos cristalinos disponibles para la adsorción de los reactivos. En una tercera parte se estudia la formación de enlaces N-N en la reacción de acoplamiento reductivo de nitrocompuestos para obtener azocompuestos en presencia de un catalizador heterogéneo de Au/CeO2. Es este mismo apartado se reporta por primera vez un catalizador heterogéneo de alta actividad y selectividad para la Reacción de Mills entre un nitrosocompuesto y una anilina para obtener azocompuestos simétricos y asimétricos.
[CAT] La catàlisi heterogènia és una de les ferramentes més importants per al desenvolupament de la Química Sostenible, entesa com aquella que utilitza eficientment les matèries pimes (preferiblement renovables), elimina els rebutjos i evita l'ús de reactius i dissolvents tòxics i/o perillosos en la manufactura i aplicació dels productes químics. En esta tesi doctoral s'han investigat els mecanismes de reacció i la natura dels centres actius, en reaccions de formació d'enllaços C-C, C-N i N-N sobre catalitzadors heterogenis d'òxid de ceri i nanopartícules d'or suportades en òxid de ceri. Com reacció de formació d'enllaços C-C s'ha estudiat la reacció de Sonogashira catalitzada amb un catalitzador heterogeni d'Au/CeO2, on el CeO2 està en forma de nanopartícules amb un diàmetre proper als 5nm. En la segona part de la tesi s'aprofundeix en l'estudi de la formació d'enllaços C-N durant la reacció de carbamilació del diaminotoluè amb dimetilcarbonat catalitzada per l'òxid de ceri, estudiant l'efecte que té sobre la reacció la natura dels plans cristal·lins disponibles per a l'adsorció dels reactius. En una tercera part s'estudia la formació d'enllaços N-N en la reacció d'acoblament reductiu de nitrocompostos per a obtenir azocompostos en presència d'un catalitzador heterogeni d'Au/CeO2. En aquest mateix apartat es reporta per primera vegada un catalitzador heterogeni d'alta activitat i selectivitat per a la Reacció de Mills entre un nitrocompost i una anilina per a obtenir azocompostos simètrics i asimètrics.
Cómbita Merchán, DF. (2016). Formación de enlaces C-C, C-N y N-N con catalizadores de óxido de cerio y de oro/óxido de cerio [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62780
TESIS
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Roberts, Deborah Elizabeth. "Palladium N-neterocyclic carbene complexes as catalysts for C-N, C-Si and C-S bond formations." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45342/.

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This work is foremost a study of various palladium-bearing N-heterocyclic carbenes complexes and their catalytic potential to form C-N bonds. Both alkyl amination and aryl amination are considered. Further elucidation on the mechanism of such catalytic activity is investigated. The viability of alkyl amination using palladium complexes bearing the ligands, ITMe, 1,2,3,4- tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene, and ICy, 1,3- bis-cyclohexylimidazol-2-ylidene, as catalysts, is investigated. This includes the synthesis of [Pd(ITMe)(neopentyl)Cl]2,[Pd(ITMe)2(neopentyl)Cl], [Pd(ITMe)(neopentyl)(tbutylamine)Cl], [Pd(ITMe)(neopentyl)(hexylamine)Cl], with successful elimination of the alkyl-amination reaction product in low yield from the latter complex. [Pd(ICy)(neopentyl)Cl]2, [Pd(ICy)2(neopentyl)Cl] are also isolated. Unsuccessful attempts were made to vary the electronic properties of the complexes by replacing the amine with a hydrazine. Work was also done on indirect alkylation using tBuLi which led to a new method for synthesis of [Pd(ItBu)2] and novel complex, [Pd(ItBu)Cl3. ItBuH] (ItBu = 1,3- bis-tertbutylimidazol-2-ylidene). Aryl amination catalysed by complexes of palladium bearing the ligand, ITMe, is considered. This includes an improved synthesis of [Pd(ITMe)2] and synthesis of [Pd(ITMe)2(anisole)Cl]. Unsuccessful attempts at the elucidation of the mechanism of [Pd(ITMe)2(anisole)] formation led to the unexpected formation of [Pd(ITMe)2(SiMe3)(Si(SiMe3)3)] and [Pd(ITMe)2(SiMe3)2]. Aryl amination with using [Pd(ITMe)2(SiMe3)2] led to two aryl amination products, 4-ortho-methoxyphenyl morpholine as well as the expected para isomer. The use of complexes [Pd(ItBu)2] and [Pd(SIPr)2] (SIPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) in C-S bond formation was explored. Addition of mesityl magnesium bromide to Pd(1,5-COD)Cl2 led to addition of mesityl substrate across 1,5-COD double bond and the addition of ITMe formed the Heck cycle intermediate [Pd(8-mesityl-1,4,5-η3 – C8H12)X2] (X=Cl, Br). Addition of 4-tolyl magnesium chloride resulting in the formation of Pd(ItBu)2(tolyl)Cl via an indirect route.
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Neal, Richard J. "The loosely-bound proton in ¹³N and the transfer reaction ¹¹B(¹³N,¹²C)¹²C." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1783.

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The radioactive nucleus ¹³N (t½ = 10 min, Jπ = ½) contains one loosely bound proton (Sp = 1.94 MeV) which can be considered to be bound to a core of ¹²C. Taking advantage of the recent availability of beams of radioactive nuclei at Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, a beam of ¹³N has been used to investigate the transfer reaction ¹¹B(¹³N,¹²C)¹²C. Particle-γ coincidence data was taken, using the LEDA silicon strip array and BaF₂ modules, gating on the 15.11 MeV γ-decay from the T = 1 state in ¹²C*. Two final states, corresponding to ¹²Cgs + ¹²C*(15.11 MeV) and ¹²C*(4.44 MeV)+ ¹²C*(15.11 MeV) have been observed and angular distributions have been measured for both transitions at each of two beam energies, 29.5 MeV and 45 MeV. The results are discussed with special reference to the loosely bound nature of the valence proton in ¹³N; the transfer reaction has been modelled using a DWBA code, with the ¹³N ground state constructed as a mixture of states: a p½ proton bound to ¹²Cgs , or a p3/2 proton bound to ¹²C*₂₊ (4.44 MeV). Fits to the experimental data have been obtained using a very shallow set of optical potentials, which are found to be energy dependent. The agreement with experiment is good, with the exception of the ¹²C*(4.44)+¹²C*(15.11) transition at the lower beam energy, which is significantly underestimated by the calculations, suggesting a contribution from a different reaction mechanism.
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Ounaïes, Myriam. "Ensembles inévitables pour les applications holomorphes de C [exposant] n dans C [exposant] n." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30140.

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En une veriable complexe, l'image d'une fonction meromorphe evite au plus deux points de la sphere de rieman: c'est le theoreme de picard. De plus, grace a la theorie de nevanlinna, nous savons que chaque valeur est prise dans le disque de rayon r avec la meme frequence asymptotique sauf pour un ensemble denombrable de valeurs. En plusieurs variables, on observe un phenomene different. Il existe en effet des applications holomorphes, injectives, de c#n dans c#n dont l'image n'est pas dense dans c#n: ce sont les applications de fatou-bieberbach. Rosay et rudin ont montre qu'il existe pourtant des ensembles discrets qui doivent rencontrer l'image de toute application holomorphe non degeneree ; nous les appellerons ensembles inevitables. L. Gruman a construit explicitement une famille de tels ensembles e(a) parametres par a dans c*#n. Nous montrons que chaque ensemble e(a) est rencontre dans la boule de rayon r avec la meme frequence asymptotique pour tout a dans c*#n. Ceci constitue une sorte d'analogue a la theorie de nevanlinna en plusieurs variables
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Mudarra, Alonso Ángel Luis. "Coinage complexes in C-C and C-N bond-forming reactions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670357.

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Els complexos organometàl·lics de coure, plata i or juguen un paper fonamental com espècies reactives en diverses transformacions químiques. Aquesta tesi aporta coneixement sobre el comportament d’aquests complexos en la formació d’enllaços C-C i/o C-N. En concret, estudiem: i) el mecanisme de reacció a través del qual els complexos de coure co-catalitzen un acoblament oxidant en el context de sistemes bimetàl·lics de rodi i coure; ii) el potencial de nucleòfils de plata com a agents transmetal·lants en reaccions de trifluorometilació catalitzades per pal·ladi; iii) el mecanisme de reacció de sistemes bimetàl·lics de Pd/Ag emprant un sistema model; i iv) el comportament de complexos bis(trifluorometil) cuprat, argentat i aurat com a nucleòfils. En aquesta tesi, on s´han combinat estudis experimentals i computacionals, s’ha adquirit nou coneixement sobre els processos estudiats, i s’ha contribuït al camp de la recerca química basada en el coneixement.
Los complejos organometálicos de cobre, plata y oro juegan un papel fundamental como especies reactivas en diversas transformaciones químicas. Esta tesis aporta conocimiento sobre el comportamiento de estos complejos en la formación de enlaces C-C y/o C-N. En concreto, estudiamos: i) el mecanismo de reacción por el cual complejos de cobre co-catalizan un acoplamiento oxidante en el contexto de sistemas bimetálicos de rodio y cobre; ii) el potencial de nucleófilos de plata como agentes transmetalantes en reacciones de trifluorometilación catalizadas por paladio; iii) el mecanismo de reacción de sistemas bimetálicos de Pd/Ag usando un sistema modelo; y iv) el comportamiento de complejos bis(trifluorometil) cuprato, argentato y aurato como nucleófilos. En esta tesis, donde se han combinado estudios experimentales y computacionales, se ha adquirido nuevo conocimiento sobre los procesos estudiados, y se ha contribuido al campo de la investigación química basada en el conocimiento.
Organometallic coinage metal complexes are be key reactive species for promoting a wide variety of chemical transformations. This thesis improves the understanding the behavior of these complexes in relevant C-C and/or C-N bond-forming reactions. Specifically, we have explored: i) the mechanistic intricacies of copper species as co-catalyst in the context of rhodium/copper-catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions; ii) the capability of silver nucleophiles as transmetalating agents in palladium-catalyzed trifluoromethylation reactions; iii) the reaction mechanism of Pd/Ag bimetallic reactions using a model system as probe; and, iv) the study of bis(trifluoromethyl) coinage metallates as nucleophiles. The fundamental insights gathered in this Thesis, encompassing both experimental and computational approaches, improve our understanding of the processes under study and make a contribution to the general field of knowledge-driven research in Chemistry.
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Kanuru, Vijaykumar. "Understanding surface mediated C-C and C-N bond forming reactions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608956.

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Books on the topic "Economics, n.e.c"

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1906-1999, Leontief Wassily, Kantorovich L. V. 1912-1986, Koopmans Tjalling C. 1910-1985, Stone Richard 1913-1991, Vane Howard R, and Mulhearn Chris, eds. Wassily W. Leontief, Leonid V. Kantorovich, Tjalling C. Koopmans and J. Richard N. Stone. Cheltenham, Glos, UK: Edward Elgar, 2009.

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Stremmel, Ralf. Firmenarchiv Gussstahl-Werk Witten und Familienarchiv Berger: Inventar zu den Beständen F 81 und N 24. Dortmund: Stiftung Westfälisches Wirtschaftsarchiv, 1999.

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Kondratʹev, N. D. The works of Nikolai D. Kondratiev. London: Pickering & Chatto, 1998.

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Souci, Robert D. San. N. C. Wyeth's pilgrims. San Francisco: Chronicle books, 1991.

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Weyn, Suzanne. The N-C zone. New York, NY: Macmillan McGraw-Hill, 1998.

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i, Hung Kha. Khu c tie u ai oa n: Truye n kich. [s.l.]: ♯o i Nay, 1988.

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Va n Xua n Nhi Ho . Ho n em hanh phu c: Ta p truye n. Los Alamitos, Calif: Xua n Thu, 1988.

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Anh, Phan. Con lo c ©ʻoi: Tuye n ta p truye n. Los Alamitos, Calif: Xua n Thu, 1987.

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Shubin, V. G. A N C: A view from Moscow. Bellville, South Africa: Mayibuye, 1999.

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Tran, Tieu. Ky u c cua con ve n. Glendale, Ca: Dai Nam, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economics, n.e.c"

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Mansurov, Valeriy A., Elena Y. Ivanova, Elena M. Kolesnikova, Olga N. Mamonova, Anna V. Semenova, Elena E. Shatrova, Olesya V. Yurchenko, and Pavel S. Yuriev. "Professional Dynasties as a Social Resource and Socio-Cultural Capital: Research Directions." In Russia in Reform: Year-Book [collection of scientific articles], 149–75. Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/ezheg.2022.6.

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. In the paper we present some results of the study of the social phenomenon of the professional dynasty as a social resource for the reproduction of professional groups. The relevance of the study is based on its interdisciplinary character (social research, economics, philosophy, psychology, history) and a multidimensional approach to the analysis of the professional succession within the family. The research fi lls the gap in the scientifi c studies of the upward social mobility of the members of the professional dynasty including their use of the cultural, economic and social capital. The research obtains scientifi c novelty since we study various professional groups: engineers, doctors, teachers, diplomats, civil servants, taking into consideration their behavioral and educational family trajectories. We used a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods: in-depth interviews with experts (N = 40) and members of dynasties (N= 162); the sociological mass survey from 8 regions of Russia (N=1400) and the secondary analysis of statistics of the All- Russian sociological surveys. We present the data on various types of dynasties, their structures and the factors that contribute to the development of professional dynasties
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Hansen, Lars Peter, and Thomas J. Sargent. "A Commodity Space." In Recursive Models of Dynamic Linear Economies. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691042770.003.0006.

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This chapter describes a concept of value that will be used to formulate a model in which the decisions of agents are reconciled in a competitive equilibrium. It describes a commodity space in which quantities and prices both will reside. The stochastic Lagrange multipliers of Chapter 4 are closely related to equilibrium prices and live in the same mathematical space. The planning problem studied in Chapter 4 produces an outcome in which the process for consumption {ct} is an n-dimensional stochastic process that belongs to L2 0. The chapter presents a heuristic justification for the representation of the value of {ct}. It proceeds by reviewing several examples of commodity spaces and valuation functions.
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Aggarwal, P., and M. W. P. Bebbington. "Fragments N—N, C—C, C—N." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-117-00227.

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Aggarwal, P., and M. W. P. Bebbington. "Fragment C—C—N—N—C—N." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-117-00242.

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Aggarwal, P., and M. W. P. Bebbington. "Fragment C—N—C—C—N—N." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-117-00244.

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Lindsley, C. W., and M. E. Layton. "Fragment N—C—N—C—C—N." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-017-00676.

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Lindsley, C. W., and M. E. Layton. "Fragment N—N—C—N—C—C." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-017-00680.

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Lindsley, C. W., and M. E. Layton. "Fragment C—C—N—N—C—N." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-017-00683.

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Lindsley, C. W., and M. E. Layton. "Fragment N—C—C—N—N—C." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-017-00686.

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von Angerer, S. "Fragment N—C—N—C—N—C." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-017-00796.

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Conference papers on the topic "Economics, n.e.c"

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Singh, Shweta, and Bhavik R. Bakshi. "Enhancing the reliability of C & N accounting in economic activities: Integration of bio-geochemical cycles with Eco-LCA." In 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issst.2010.5507710.

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Singh, Shweta, and Bhavik R. Bakshi. "Enhancing the reliability of C and N accounting in economic activities : Integration of bio-geochemical cycle with Eco-LCA." In 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issst.2010.5507712.

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VOJEVODA, Lidija, Anita OSVALDE, Gunta ČEKSTERE, and Andis KARLSONS. "ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF VERMICOMPOST AND PEAT EXTRACTS ON NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION IN TUBERS AND POTATO YIELD." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.166.

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Investigations on the potential beneficial effect of humic substances on crop plant cultivation under extremely diverse soil and climatic conditions is of global character, thereby knowledge obtained on the basis of local investigations are of great importance world-wide. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of different application methods (seed tuber treatment and foliar application) of commercially-produced peat and vermicompost extracts on nutrient uptake in tubers and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) using field experiments in organic farming system with potato variety ‘Borodjanskij Rozovij’. The tested extracts from the organic products included: peat extract (K45) and vermicompost extract (B45) obtained at +45°C by cavitation. The investigation was carried out at Stende Research Centre (Institute of Agro-resources and Economics) from 2011 to 2012. The chemical composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B) of potato tubers was determined. The application of organic extract from vermicompost had a stimulating effect on mineral nutrient as N, P, K, Mg, and S accumulation in potato tubers, but 50% of cases showed reduction in Ca and Cu content that could influence the storage of tubers. The use of peat extract was significantly effective when the tubers were treated before planting. On average, tuber treatment and foliar spray with organic extracts contributed to 10% of tuber yield increase.
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Davis, Philip, Stewart Novick, Stephen Kukolich, Adam Daly, Kexin Li, Ian Dorell, and Lu Kang. "THE ROTATIONAL SPECTRA OF CYANOACETYLENE DIMER, H-C-C-C-N ••• H-C-C-C-N." In 71st International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2016.wa09.

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Jing, Jiaqiang, Cheng Wu, Xiaoshuang Chen, Junwen Chen, Ping Lu, and Anlin Hu. "Experimental Study of Compositional Factor on Asphaltene Deposition for Heavy Crude Oil Dilution in Offshore Production and Transportation." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54021.

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Heavy oil dilution has been widely used in the oil production and transportation due to its high efficiency in viscosity and drag reduction, and great convenience in operation. The composition of the heavy oil will change while being mixed with some diluents, thus the stability of the asphaltene in the heavy oil might be destroyed, which leads to a tremendous threat to the safe and economic operation of the production and transportation system. The asphaltene contents of eight onshore and offshore oil samples were measured using n-heptane and toluene, then the asphaltene deposition onset points of the oils diluted with n-alkanes (n-C7) were evaluated using viscosity methods. The reliability of the asphaltene deposition predicted by the refractive index of the diluted oils was verified, and meanwhile the impacts of n-C5, n-C7 and n-C8 on the asphaltene precipitation behavior were measured and analyzed. And then the status of the asphaltene deposition, suspending particle distribution and adhesion of the heavy oil diluted with diesel in the stainless wire mesh located in the visible loop pipe layout was investigated. The studied results demonstrate that the asphaltene deposition onset point has no direct relation to its content, and those of the eight diluted oils ranged from 15% to 30% at 70 °C. The onset point prediction method was verified to be reliable because it is based on that the critical solubility parameter and the square root of the diluent molar volume in the Asphaltene-Instability-Trend (ASIST) curve present a good linear relation. The relationship between the refractive index of the diluted oil and its asphaltene deposition onset point depends on the light oil type, and the smaller its carbon number, the more serious the asphaltene deposition in its diluted oil. The reasonable amount of a light oil blended with a heavy oil should well consider the light oil source, its economy and the asphaltene deposition risk at the same time.
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Ruiz-Apilánez, Borja, Eloy Solís, Vicente Romero de Ávila, Carmen Alía, Irene García-Camacha, and Raúl Martín. "Spatial distribution of economic activities in heritage cities: The case of the historic city of Toledo, Spain." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5164.

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Spatial distribution of economic activities in heritage cities: The case of the historic city of Toledo, Spain. Borja Ruiz-Apilánez¹, Eloy Solís¹, Vicente Romero de Ávila², Carmen Alía¹ ¹Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Escuela de Arquitectura. Avda. Carlos III, s/n ES-45071 Toledo ²Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Escuela de Ingenieros de Caminos. Avda. Camilo José Cela, s/n ES-19071 Ciudad Real E-mail: borja.ruizapilanez@uclm.es, eloy.solis@uclm.es, vicente.romeroavila@uclm.es, carmen.alia@alu.uclm.es Keywords (3-5): Urban Economics, Space Syntax, Heritage Cities, Spain Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of spacePrevious studies have shown: (a) that Space Syntax theories and tools can be helpful to explain pedestrian flows and the spatial distribution of economic activities in cities and other human settlements (Chiaradia et al., 2009; Perdikogianni, 2003; Vaughan et al., 2013), and (b) that the economy of many heritage cities highly depends on tourism (Ashworth and Tunbridge, 2000; Kemperman et al., 2009). Assuming that, in this particular type of human settlements, heritage buildings such as the cathedral, the town hall, and other similar constructions operate as tourist attractors, this research investigates to what extent the location of these buildings, together with the two main syntactic properties of the elements of the street network—integration and choice—can describe the spatial distribution of economic activities in touristic heritage cities, using the UNESCO Heritage site of Toledo, Spain, as case study. In order to investigate this question, each segment of the street network has been characterized with four main values: (1) economic activity, (2) spatial integration, (3) spatial choice, and (4) heritage intensity. The first value, economic activity, represents the presence or absence of economic activity in the buildings that are accessible through each corresponding street segment. The second value, spatial integration, accounts for the integration values that each segment has at two different scales—the neighborhood and the whole city. The third value, spatial choice, considers the choice values that each segment has, again, at these two scales. The fourth value, heritage intensity, reflects the proximity of listed building to each individual street segment. Street audits were used to record the economic activities taking place in the ground floors and upper floors of the buildings within the historic city. Space Syntax analysis was used to determine the different integration and choice values for each street segment; and GIS tools were used to establish their heritage intensity. Afterwards, statistical analysis was employed to investigate the relationships among these four variables, showing how the distribution of economic activity in the street network of the historic city of Toledo can be well explained by the other three variables—spatial integration, spatial choice and heritage intensity.References Ashworth, G.J., Tunbridge, J.E. (2000) The Tourist-historic City: Retrospect and Prospect of Managing the Heritage City. Routledge. Chiaradia, A., Hillier, B., Schwander, C., Wedderburn, M. (2009) ‘Spatial Centrality , Economic Vitality / Viability. Compositional and Spatial Effects in Greater London’, in Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium. 1–19. Kemperman, A.D.A.M., Borgers, A.W.J., Timmermans, H.J.P. (2009) ‘Tourist shopping behavior in a historic downtown area’. Tourism Manaement. 30, 208–218. Perdikogianni, I. (2003) ‘Heraklion and Chania: A study of the evolution of their spatial and functional patterns’, in 4th International Space Syntax Symposium. London, p. 19.1-19.20. Vaughan, L., Dhanani, A., Griffiths, S. (2013) ‘Beyond the suburban high street cliché - A study of adaptation to change in London’s street network: 1880-2013’. Journal of Space Syntax 4.
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Jenkins, Elizabeth E., and Marvin L. Marshak. "Large N[sub c]." In 10TH CONFERENCE ON THE INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3293846.

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Polo-Ces, Paula, Pablo Frieiro-Gomis, Fátima Lucio-Martínez, Paula Munín, Pablo Romarís, M. Pereira, and J. Vila. "Palladacycles derivates of diimines ligands [N,C,C,N]." In The 21st International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-21-04760.

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Sundborg, Bengt. "Making the Most of Daylight in Town Planning." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6687.

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Making the most of daylight in town planning is one of the important ingredients in the attempts for the sustainable city. Exactly 150 years ago Ildefons Cerdà presented his great work “Teoría General de la Urbanización” including methods for taking care of sunlight. However, with modern software, the possibilities to do comprehensive preparations are much better. This paper presents an urban typology considering daylight with basic geometric forms, shapes and patterns. Later this will be elaborated more in detail. The research includes three steps; choosing typical alternatives for settlements and designing some new principle urban solutions, calculations and evaluations of the alternatives considering especially energy saving. The quality and the quantity of daylight are dependent of the geometry of the urban spaces. That means the volumes for the buildings as well as the empty spaces in between. The accessibility for diffuse daylight from the sky and for direct rays from the sun is measurable by computer calculations where the sun angles and the skylight from the hemisphere are simulated. Relevant parameters are height, width and length. In a settlement with a high urban density it is more difficult to distribute daylight than in a settlement with low density. However the economy for exploitations is also worse with lower density. Therefore the comparisons between different settlements are with the same density. The orientation of the settlements according to the compass is of crucial importance looking to the direct sunlight and the shadows. How the local environment with parks, water, mountains and specific landmarks in the surroundings also affects the daylight distribution is included.References (100 words) Dubois, M.-C., Gentile, N., Amorim, C., Osterhaus, W., Stoffer, S.,Jakobiak, R., Geisler-Moroder, D., Matusiak, B., Onarheim, F. M., Tetri, E. (2016) Performance Evaluation of Lighting and Daylighting Retrofits: Results from IEA SHC Task 50. (Energy Procedia. vol. 91). Littefair, P. J. (2011) Site layout planning for daylight and sunlight: a guide to good practice (BRE, Building Research Establishment, IHS BRE Press, Watford). Rode, P., Keim, C., Robazza, G., Viejo, P. and Schofield, J. (2014) Cities and energy: urban morphology and heat energy demand (LSE, London School of Economics, Cities and EIFER, European Institute for Energy Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, London).
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Pérez, Cristina Toca, and Lucas Yui Thi Fernandes da Cunha Cheng. "Análise da produtividade na adequação das instalações do sistema de combate a incêndio." In XI SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE GESTÃO E ECONOMIA DA CONSTRUÇÃO. Antac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/sibragec.v11i00.45.

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The Military Firefighters Corps of Bahia in 2015 established the Technical Instruction n°43 which regulates standards and measures of security against fire and panic in buildings, structures and risk areas. According to this Technical Instruction is mandatory to build, adapt and reform buildings according to the legal requirements of the Decree Law of 16.302/2015. Due to the fact that is a new regulation, there are a few studies that have focused on studying the adequacy of the Fire Protection Systems in the existing buildings. Hence, this paper aims to identify performance indicators for the execution of services of adaptation of Fire Safety and Protection System of existing buildings. For that, a Case Study was performed in a shopping center in the city of Salvador, Bahia. The present study comprised four stages: (a) selection of the building and the processes to be studied; (b) data collection; (c) productivity analysis; (d) and identification of events that affected workforce productivity. The main practical contribution of this work is the presentation of workforce productivity metrics, which can be used by construction companies as a tool for planning future construction projects. Moreover, events that generated low productivity during the study are presented and classified according its causes.
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Reports on the topic "Economics, n.e.c"

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Bonfil, David J., Daniel S. Long, and Yafit Cohen. Remote Sensing of Crop Physiological Parameters for Improved Nitrogen Management in Semi-Arid Wheat Production Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696531.bard.

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To reduce financial risk and N losses to the environment, fertilization methods are needed that improve NUE and increase the quality of wheat. In the literature, ample attention is given to grid-based and zone-based soil testing to determine the soil N available early in the growing season. Plus, information is available on in-season N topdressing applications as a means of improving GPC. However, the vast majority of research has focused on wheat that is grown under N limiting conditions in sub-humid regions and irrigated fields. Less attention has been given to wheat in dryland that is water limited. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine accuracy in determining GPC of HRSW in Israel and SWWW in Oregon using on-combine optical sensors under field conditions; (2) develop a quantitative relationship between image spectral reflectance and effective crop physiological parameters; (3) develop an operational precision N management procedure that combines variable-rate N recommendations at planting as derived from maps of grain yield, GPC, and test weight; and at mid-season as derived from quantitative relationships, remote sensing, and the DSS; and (4) address the economic and technology-transfer aspects of producers’ needs. Results from the research suggest that optical sensing and the DSS can be used for estimating the N status of dryland wheat and deciding whether additional N is needed to improve GPC. Significant findings include: 1. In-line NIR reflectance spectroscopy can be used to rapidly and accurately (SEP <5.0 mg g⁻¹) measure GPC of a grain stream conveyed by an auger. 2. On-combine NIR spectroscopy can be used to accurately estimate (R² < 0.88) grain test weight across fields. 3. Precision N management based on N removal increases GPC, grain yield, and profitability in rainfed wheat. 4. Hyperspectral SI and partial least squares (PLS) models have excellent potential for estimation of biomass, and water and N contents of wheat. 5. A novel heading index can be used to monitor spike emergence of wheat with classification accuracy between 53 and 83%. 6. Index MCARI/MTVI2 promises to improve remote sensing of wheat N status where water- not soil N fertility, is the main driver of plant growth. Important features include: (a) computable from commercial aerospace imagery that include the red edge waveband, (b) sensitive to Chl and resistant to variation in crop biomass, and (c) accommodates variation in soil reflectance. Findings #1 and #2 above enable growers to further implement an efficient, low cost PNM approach using commercially available on-combine optical sensors. Finding #3 suggests that profit opportunities may exist from PNM based on information from on-combine sensing and aerospace remote sensing. Finding #4, with its emphasis on data retrieval and accuracy, enhances the potential usefulness of a DSS as a tool for field crop management. Finding #5 enables land managers to use a DSS to ascertain at mid-season whether a wheat crop should be harvested for grain or forage. Finding #6a expands potential commercial opportunities of MS imagery and thus has special importance to a majority of aerospace imaging firms specializing in the acquisition and utilization of these data. Finding #6b on index MCARI/MVTI2 has great potential to expand use of ground-based sensing and in-season N management to millions of hectares of land in semiarid environments where water- not N, is the main determinant of grain yield. Finding #6c demonstrates that MCARI/MTVI2 may alleviate the requirement of multiple N-rich reference strips to account for soil differences within farm fields. This simplicity will be less demanding of grower resources, promising substantially greater acceptance of sensing technologies for in-season N management.
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Gland, J. L. Hydrogen induced C-C, C-N, and C-S bond activation on Pt and Ni surfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10102894.

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Gland, J. L. Hydrogen induced C-C, C-N, and C-S bond activation on Pt and Ni surfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6915688.

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Gland, J. L. Hydrogen Induced C-C, C-N, & C-S Bond Activation on Pt & Ni Surfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/830711.

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Gland, J. L. [Hydrogen induced C-C, C-N, and C-S bond activities on Pi and Ni surfaces]: Summary. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10110807.

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Friend, J. P. High-speed tapping for N/C machining centers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6114424.

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Ball, J. Timothy. Running Title: C and N Allocation in Pine. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/762784.

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Joyner, Rex W. Diffractive Processes in 200-GeV/c $\pi^- N \to \pi^- \pi^- \pi^+ N$ Interactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1433220.

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Dickman, Martin B., and Oded Yarden. Regulation of Early Events in Hyphal Elongation, Branching and Differentiation of Filamentous Fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580674.bard.

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Abstract:
In filamentous fungi, hyphal elongation, branching and morphogenesis are in many cases the key to successful saprophytic and pathogenic fungal proliferation. The understanding of the fungal morphogenetic response to environmental cues is in its infancy. Studies concerning the regulation of fungal growth and development (some of which have been obtained by the participating collaborators in this project) point to the fact that ser/thr protein kinases and phosphatases are (i) involved in the regulation of such processes and (ii) share common structural and functional features between saprophytes and pathogens. It is our objective to combine a pharmaceutical and a genetic approach in order to identify, characterize and functionally dissect some of the regulatory factors involved in hyphal growth, branching and differentiation. Using an immunohistochemical approach, a ser/thr protein kinase involved in hyphal elongation in both Neurospora crassa and Colletotrichum trifolii has been localized in order to identify the physical arena of regulation of hyphal elongation. The analysis of additional kinases and phosphatases (e.g. Protein kinase C, cAMP-dependent kinase, lipid-activated protein kinase, components of the type 2A protein phosphatase) as well as a RAS-related gene (an additional key participant in signal transduction) has been performed. In order to succeed in advancing the goals of this project, we have taken advantage of available elongation/branching mutants in N. crassa and continuously combined the accumulated information obtained while studying the two systems in order to dissect the elements involved in these processes. The various inhibitors/effectors analyzed can serve as a basis for modification to be used as anti-fungal compounds. Understanding the regulation of hyphal proliferation is a key requirement for identifying novel target points for either curbing fungal growth (as in the case of pathogenesis) or affecting growth patterns in various biotechnological processes. The major objective of our joint project was to advance our understanding of regulation of hyphal growth, especially during early events of fungal germination. Towards achieving this goal, we have coupled the analysis of a genetically tractable organism (N. crassa) with a plant pathogen o economic importance (C. trifolii). As the project progressed we believe that the results obtained have provided a reinforcement to our basic approach which called for combining the two fungal systems for a joint research project. On the one hand, we feel that much of the advance made was possible due to the amenability of N. crassa to genetic manipulations. The relevance of some of the initial findings obtained in Neurospora have been proven to be relevant to the plant pathogen while unique features of the pathogen have been identified in Colletotrichum. Most of the results obtained from this research project have been published. Thus, the main volume of this report is comprised of the relevant publications describing the research and results obtained.
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Karl, G., and H. J. Lipkin. Flavor symmetry in the large N{sub c} limit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10107252.

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