Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Economics – Greece'
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Tsakalotos, Euclid. "Alternative economic strategies : the case of Greece." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305182.
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Krystalogianni, Alexandra. "Financial intermediation and economic growth : a calibrated model for Greece." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325203.
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Haralambides, H. E. "The shipping account in the balance of payments : The case of Greece." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373113.
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Spiliotis, Aristotelis. "An empirical investigation of the money supply process : the case of Greece." Thesis, University of York, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306543.
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Seretis, Spyridon. "Economics of migration : the case of Greece, 1965-1971." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288324.
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Skrvelis, Efharis. "Industrial restructuring and the State in Greece : national developments within an international setting." Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6219/.
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The conceptual premise of the present thesis is that the international restructuring of industrial capitalist production is actualized within specific national social contexts and at an individual enterprise level. A very fundamental dimensionof the ongoing process of global integration of production is the way the national setting of the firm's operations reflects and adapts to the changing international environment. Within this framework, two central issues are being addressed: (a) How the national and international settings interact and interpenetrate at a firm level, and(b) What the mediating effect of the state is in this process as a regulator of the industrial crisis nationally. These issues are concretely explored in the case of the Greek state and its involvement in the process of capitalist accumulation. The main argument of the thesis is that increasingly since the recession, and especially with the accentuation of the crisis in the 1980s, the Greek state has assumed the pivotal role in sustaining the nationally-based industries in their process of restructuring along lines defined by international developments. The empirical investigation exposes the ways in which the Greek state has crucially shaped this process through direct and indirect means of public sector intervention and through its subsidization policy for industrial and regional development. Case studies of individual firms highlight the ways in which the crisis of over accumulation is experienced as an intensification of competition, and provide insights as to the variety of ways in which the nationally based firm attempts to adjust and integrate to a changing international environment.
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Papapanagos, Harry. "On the analysis of tax reform : a microsimulation tax-benefit model for Greece." Thesis, University of Essex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333725.
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Sezgin, Selami. "An empirical analysis of defence spending and economic growth in Turkey and Greece." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9791/.
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Kostelenos, G. "Money and output in modern Greece : 1858-1938." Thesis, University of Kent, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357976.
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Vagionis, Nikolaos G. "Regional development in Greece : an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Industrial Areas Programme." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1331/.
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This Thesis is concerned with the broad area of the evaluation of regional development policy. The Thesis provides the theoretical context and contributes to evaluation of policies based on provision of organised industrial infrastructure and support systems to national peripheries. It mainly focuses on the Industrial Areas Programme in Greece. The purpose of the research is to measure the effectiveness of the Programme as a lever for regional economic development. Specific interest is paid to the effects of the policy on the regional productivity and the necessity for technological advancement. Basic characteristics, the administrative structure of the country and the setting for the regional development problem are presented early in the Thesis. The institutional and legal framework for development and the emergence of the Industrial Areas Programme follow. In the theoretical part an analysis of the range of regional development theories and their connection with the Industrial Areas Programme is made. This is followed by more recent theories of development based on the implementation of modern technology and the conditions needed for this. An analysis of regional productivity is undertaken utilising the total factor productivity methodology. A productivity typology emerges and first linkages are made to the Industrial Areas Programme. The typology then becomes the base for a field study that surveyed the administration of the Industrial Areas of Greece and firms established therein. Information collected includes the range, infrastructure and facilities of these projects, the technological levels of the participant firms and the efforts made to advance such levels. The survey provides a most useful attitudinal framework for the evaluation of the Programme's effectiveness. Finally, a multi-faceted evaluation is made based first on analysis of employment growth and second on monetary flows in the form of a cost-benefit analysis. The latter provides a generalised methodology, utilising both a pay-back and a full-life evaluation procedure. Analyses in general ascribe some positive effects of the policy but of variable intensity across the projects. The final part resumes the theoretical evaluation, outlines the empirical measurements and findings and proceeds to discuss the policy implications of the Thesis.
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Delivani, Eleni. "Tourism as an alternative engine of economic growth : the case of Greece : a Kaldorian approach." Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4261/.
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Giordani, Georgia. "Essays on the econometric analysis of electronic banking in Greece." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2012. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/essays-on-the-econometric-analysis-of-electronic-banking-in-greece(5773e8d4-8a00-4d1e-87ef-4fc688e8fb65).html.
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Economic integration within and across countries, deregulation, advances in telecommunications and the growth of the Internet and other communication technologies have dramatically changed the nature and structure of financial services (Claessens et al., 2003). This study examines the adoption of electronic banking (e-banking) services offered by commercial banks in Greece. This is the first empirical investigation on the adoption of e-banking using a logit econometric model which contains a set of new independent variables such as high branch fees, branch dissatisfaction and access to banks‘ web pages. The findings are as follows: (i) Greek male customers are less likely to adopt e-banking while the opposite is true for young customers, (ii) higher education and income both have a positive impact on the adoption of e-banking in Greece, and (iii) homeowners are less likely to perform complex transactions, and hence they are less likely to adopt e-banking in Greece. Other variables such as the access to banks‘ web pages, the branch dissatisfaction as well as the high branch fees do not show any impact on customer‘s probability of adopting e-banking services. It is concluded that Greek customers prefer most the traditional banking because they worry about possible high electronic risk that comes with the foray into e-banking. Moreover, we examine the economic performance of Greek ‗click and mortar‘ banks in relation to the adoption of Internet banking services using econometric models (Logit, OLS and GLS).We report that ‗click and mortar‘ banks in Greece overall have higher profits, but when technology-based scale and technology-based experience effects are considered these banks exhibit lower profitability. This could be attributed to the higher overhead expenses that these banks may suffer, due to the heavy investments in IT. We also study the effect of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), Information Technology (IT) investments and other determinants on the efficiency and profitability of Greek commercial banks. We find that profitability (Return on Average Assets, and Return on Average Equity), ATMs and capitalisation show a negative impact on the efficiency of Greek banks. We also report that banks‘ size, capitalisation, IT investments and ATMs do not have any effect on the ROAA or the ROAE but they have a positive effect on the fees and commissions. However, we find that ATMs have a negative effect on the net interest income. Finally, we assess the effect of ATMs on the competitive and equilibrium conditions of the Greek banking system using the Panzar Rosse model. Our results reveal that the Greek banking system is in equilibrium and is operating under perfect monopolistic conditions, while we find no significant relationship between the investment in ATMs and revenues or profit. Our results provide recommendations to the Greek bank managers and help customers in improving relationships with new technologies and services. We report that Greek banks can attract their customers to electronic services if they design their marketing offers or value propositions according to the needs of these groups.
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Dedoussopoulos, A. A. "Capitalism, simple commodity production and merchant capital : The political economy of Greece in the 19th century." Thesis, University of Kent, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372839.
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Stoforos, Chrysostomos. "Agricultural sector modelling for policy analysis : the case of Greece." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360761.
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Oustapassidis, Konstantinos. "Economic development and structure of agricultural co-operative unions in Greece." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327970.
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Arghyrou, Michael Georgiou. "Greece and the European Union : an assessment of macroeconomic policies and trade effects." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1998. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1893.
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This thesis aims to make a contribution to the study of the Greek economy by means of (i) assessing a number of macroeconomic policies adopted by successive Greek governments; (ii) assessing the present effort of Greece to join the EMU; and (iii) evaluating the trade effects caused by EU participation. Chapter 1 provides a detailed account of the main macroeconomic policies adopted by Greece during the period 1960-97. It also describes the Greek institutional environment and reports the movements of the leading economic indicators. Emphasis is placed on the post-1980 period. Chapter 3 attempts an assessment of a number of fiscal, monetary and exchange rate polices adopted by successive Greek governments based on the theoretical background and econometric methodology presented in chapter 2. We conclude that the post-1974 deterioration of the Greek macroeconomic performance is, to a large extent, explained by the fundamental change of the international economic environment and a number of sub-optimal decisions taken by the Greek authorities. We argue that the continuation of the currently applied policy mix, involving a combination of rather lose fiscal and incomes policies and a tight monetary/exchange rate policy, is questionable. Chapter 4 examines the future prospects of Greek macroeconomic policy in the light of the pursuit of EMIU participation. We suggest that if Greece is to achieve EMTU participation in the foreseeable future, it should adopt an economic strategy involving a reduction in public consumption and a number of structural adjustments. We also argue that Greece should not rush to cñn any new ERM-II arrangement without making sure that its participation involves a sustainable exchange rate, i.e. an exchange rate possibly different to the present one. Chapter 5 uses the original data sets presented in the Trade Data Appendix to examine the trade effects caused by the accession of Greece to the EU. It concludes that during the post-integration period the external trade of Greece has been reoriented towards the EU countries and that Greece lost part of her comparative advantage in those sectors in which such an advantage exists. Chapter 6 summarizes and concludes the thesis.
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Moutsinas, Eleftherios. "Nightlife and Regional Development : Evidence from Greece." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15973.
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Post-industrial economic restructuring in developed countries has downgraded the role of blue-collar labour in regional growth, giving way, conversely, to occupations that demand high concentrations of human capital. Human capital has been documented to positively affect regional growth and income, signifying an urban planning shift towards amenities provision, as a human capital attraction tool. An emerging, highly-valued amenity in the post-industrial society is nightlife. Following Florida’s reasoning on the rising salience of the creative class, this paper investigates the hypothesis that nightlife attracts high human capital or skilled individuals. It focuses on the paradigm of Greece, using data acquired by the Greek statistics agency and, to a lesser extent, the Greek yellow pages. It employs two measures, the human capital one –calculated as the percentage of the population holding a bachelor degree and above- and an approximation of Florida’s creative class measure –occupational categorization according to job complexity. Bivariate correlations are applied to account for human capital attracting factors and structural equation modelling to assess nightlife’s impact on the two measures and respectively, on regional growth.
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Milas, Konstantinos Costas. "Modelling employment policy, competitiveness and demand for traded and non-traded goods in a small open economy : the case of Greece." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242080.
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Baysal, Baris. "Inflation Convergence between Germany and Greece, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Turkey : A co-integration Analysis." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35864.
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This paper looks for evidence of co-integration to the German inflation rate between the countries Greece, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Turkey. The method applied is based on econometrics since some certain statistical tests need to be performed to obtain more accurate results. The main tests used are Dickey-Fuller and Augmented version of this test which is vital to test for unit-root and co-integration in this paper. Since the data need to be stationary to perform the analysis in this paper, second difference and the deseasonalisation methods are also used for this purpose. Deseasonalisation method helps this paper progress in two means; to determine the months which have seasonal effect and to form another model with the help of the seasonal months, to obtain stationary series. Finally the original co-integration model is then tested again after deseaonalisation with Dickey-Fuller and Augmented Dickey-Fuller tests. After the tests, I found evidence that Greece, Italy, Sweden, and Turkey are co-integrating with German inflation rate whereas there is no evidence for Spain.
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Fotopoulos, C. V. "Production and marketing of sheepmeat in Greece in the context of the European Community's Common Agricultural Policy." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355837.
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Raptis, Emanuel. "International Tourism Demand for Greece : A study of the impact of the Athens Olympic Games 2004." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15294.
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This paper examines the development of income in the tourist generating coun-tries, the relative prices controlled for the exchange rate, and the distance in kilo-meters between the capital in the origin countries and Athens as determinants of international tourism demand for Greece. By the deployment of an OLS log-linear regression model coupled with annual cross-section data for the period between 1998 and 2007, the desired effects could be captured. The results from this study indicates that after 2004, both the importance of income in the tourist generating countries and distance between the countries of origin and Athens have expe-rienced a quantum drop in importance as determinants of international tourism demand for Greece. Furthermore, the elasticities of these factors remained at the new level throughout the remaining period studied. This suggests that the respec-tive elasticities have reached a new plateau after 2004 where the impact on inter-national tourism demand is less sensitive to changes in these specific factors. Final-ly, the investments made in infrastructure supporting the Olympic Games have the possibility to benefit the T&T sector in Greece for an extended period of time going forward.
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Hansen, Megan E. "Political Parties and Direct Democracy: An Analysis of the 2015 Greek Referendum." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4918.
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On July 5, 2015, Greek voters were asked to vote on whether the country should accept the terms of austerity offered by the European Union for bailout from the country’s financial crisis. With a turnout rate of 62.5% overall, 61.3% of Greeks voted “no.” While a majority of voters in every district opposed the bailout’s terms, the margin against the proposed austerity measures ranged from 51.2% in Lakonias to 73.8% in Chanion. This paper explores whether political parties influenced Greek voters’ decisions to accept or reject the EU's budgetary reforms. We first review the literature relevant to that question, focusing on whether party platforms are merely “cheap talk” or instead are salient in determining electoral outcomes. We then test our hypotheses empirically at the voting district level.
In this model, our key independent variable is party influence, which is measured by party vote shares in the nationwide election held in January of 2015. The dependent variable is the percentage that voted “no” to austerity in July 2015 in each of Greece’s 56 electoral districts. We also control for average age and the unemployment rate across regions, as well as the fraction of first-time voters in each electoral district. After conducting simple regression analysis, we report evidence that a pro-austerity party (New Democracy) was a significant factor impacting the results of the referendum. This research finding bolsters the claim that parties can shape electoral outcomes on questions decided by an institution of direct democracy.
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Evangeliou, Antonios. "Economic inequalities between countries and the impact on youth and elderly respectively: a comparative case study focusing on Greece and Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-123920.
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This thesis attempts to throw light on the underlying reasons behind the economic ambivalence between EU countries. In this sense, Greece and Sweden will be posted at the center of my research interest. For this purpose, Intersectionality theory as well as Neo liberalism and Neoclassical economics will be used in such a way that will assist me to disclose the deep causes of this inequality and to further examine how intersections of gender, age/generation and class are intertwined and affect the youth and elderly in both countries. Furthermore, both qualitative and quantitative data will be applied in a way that will enable me to compare and contrast the two social groups chosen. Having demonstrated that, I will move a step forward by narrowing down my research focus on how the youth in both countries react against this kind of social exclusion.
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Damanaki, Maria Zoi, and Michaela Kanaan. "E-commerce in Greece and Sweden: A cross-country investigation of consumer privacy attitudes and behaviours." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44507.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to contribute with a cross-country approach to the research about consumers’ online privacy concerns by investigating Greek and Swedish consumers’ privacy attitudes and behaviours in the digital marketplace. Theoretical framework: The study’s theoretical framework is based on the Power-Responsibility Equilibrium Theory (PRE) perspective and three of Hoftsede’s cultural dimensions; uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and individualism. Methodology: The study has a deductive approach with a quantitative research method. The data was collected by a questionnaire in each country which resulted in 232 answers in total. The answers were then analyzed in Microsoft Excel 16.41, SPSS 26.0, and SmartPLS 3.3.3. Findings: Findings indicate that the impact of power-holders on consumer privacy concerns, privacy empowerment and trust is more prominent for Swedish than for Greek consumers. Moreover, the impacts of privacy concerns, privacy empowerment and trust on consumers’ power-balancing strategies are more substantial for Greek than for Swedish consumers. Implications: The study contributes to the marketing field and academics studying consumers’ behaviour as it adds a cross-cultural approach to the investigation of consumers’attitudes on e-commerce from a PRE theory perspective. Additionally, they can have practical implications for marketers and policymakers in the e-commerce sector as they can gain some insight into how essential corporate privacy responsibility and regulations are to gain the trust of consumers and decrease their privacy concerns. Limitations: Since the study covers Greek and Swedish consumers, it is limited to countries with similar characteristics. Moreover, the majority of the respondents were under 35 years old and their opinions contradicted, not allowing most of the effects to be statistically significant enough to be considered. Originality/Value: Consumer privacy attitudes and behaviours on e-commerce have not been studied from both a power-responsibility equilibrium and a cultural dimensions perspective. This study adds a cross-country approach by studying Greek and Swedish consumers, while at the same time combining two theoretical perspectives.
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Amarianakis, Stamatis. "Authoritative Models and Grassroots Responses to Crisis: Reconfigurations of Everyday Life in Chalkida, a Postindustrial Greek City." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671845.
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This thesis focuses on grassroots practices, meanings and understandings in the context of the Greek economic crisis and austerity restructurings that were unilaterally imposed by hegemonic institutions and Greek governments between 2010 and 2016. I employ a bottom up approach to identify the social, economic, political and cultural shifts and ruptures that the imposition of austerity measures and neoliberal policies provoked in Chalkida, a mid-sized (post) industrial city. I juxtapose mainstream definitions and explanations of crisis with national and place-bound grassroots experiences, practices and understandings in order to establish an inter- scalar interconnection between global processes and local agency.
This thesis is based on 18 months of systematic fieldwork that took place between April 2015 and December
2016. Material was collected through participant observation in workplace settings, public spaces and households. Additionally, the research was informed by semi-structured personal and group interviews, as well as many informal conversations in cafes, taverns and open air markets. Building on existing literature on crisis, neoliberalism, scale and power, household transformations, social solidarity and informality, I assess the impact of crisis and austerity on the socio-economic relationships and established livelihood patterns that were severely challenged by it.
My research demonstrates that people in a provincial city like Chalkida counterbalanced the austerity crisis’s effects on formal income resources and the restructuring of the state and its welfare provisioning. They did so by reinventing traditional structures and practices that had been predominant in the past when resources had also been scarce. I therefore suggest that crisis was understood as a retrograde movement that questioned linear processes and conceptualizations of modernity and progress. Drawing upon historical continuities and ruptures at the local, national and international scales, this dissertation offers a rich ethnographic account of everyday life under the condition of “being in” and “living with” crisis.Esta tesis aborda las prácticas, significados y conceptualizaciones populares en el contexto de la crisis económica griega, y las consiguientes reestructuraciones impuestas por las instituciones hegemónicas mundiales y los gobiernos griegos entre 2010 y 2016. Para ello, parto de un acercamiento “desde abajo” a las transformaciones y rupturas económicas, políticas y culturales que las políticas de neoliberales y las medidas de austeridad han provocado en Chalkida, una ciudad media (post)industrial. Asimismo, con el objetivo de establecer conexiones inter-escalares entre procesos globales y formas de agencia locales, yuxtapongo las definiciones y explicaciones dominantes de “la Crisis” con las experiencias, prácticas y conceptualizaciones subalternas -nacional y localmente situadas. Esta tesis está basada en un trabajo de campo sistemático de 18 meses de duración, entre abril de 2015 y diciembre del 2016. La técnica básica de recogida de información ha sido la observación participante, focalizada en espacios de trabajo, espacios públicos y hogares. Por otro lado, la investigación ha sido enriquecida con entrevistas semi-estructuradas individuales y grupales; así como con conversaciones informales en cafés, tabernas y mercados al aire libre. El análisis del impacto de la crisis y el régimen de austeridad en la (re)configuración de las relaciones socio-económicas y los modos de vida en el caso de estudio, es abordado desde una perspectiva comparativa y teórica que transita las áreas temáticas de la crisis, el neoliberalismo, las relaciones entre escala(s) y poder, la transformación de los hogares, la solidaridad social y la informalidad. Esta investigación demuestra que las personas en una ciudad de provincia como Chalkida contestan de diversas formas los efectos de la crisis de austeridad sobre sus ingresos formales, así como sobre la restructuración del estado y las políticas de aprovisionamiento y bienestar social. Y para ello reinventan estructuras y practices tradicionales que había predominado en el pasado, cuando había existido también una escasez de recursos. En este sentido, mi investigación propone que la crisis ha sido conceptualizada desde estas posiciones subalternas como un movimiento retrógrado que cuestiona la idea de linealidad procesual, y las concepciones de la modernidad y el progreso. En sus explotación de las continuidades históricas y las rupturas a escala local, nacional e internacional, esta tesis doctoral ofrece una rica descripción y análisis etnográficos de la vida cotidiana en condiciones de “estar en” y “vivir en” crisis.
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Seppi, Antony. "A Case for Avionics in Greene County and Southwestern Ohio." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277003167.
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Sakkas, John. "British public opinion and Greece, 1944-1949." Thesis, University of Hull, 1992. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11246.
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Christodoulaki, Olga. "The origins of central banking in Greece." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3801/.
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The establishment of a fully fledged central bank in Greece between May 1927 and May 1928 was a prerequisite for the country’s stabilisation programme prepared by the FinancialCommittee of the League of Nations. Prior to 1928, the National Bank of Greece had acted as a central bank whilst at the same time being by far the biggest and most powerful commercial bank in the country. Under pressure from the League, its governors faced the challenge of transforming it into a fully fledged central bank by shedding all business that was in the province of deposit and commercial banking. They chose instead for the Bank to retain its commercial activities and instead a new fully fledged central bank was established. This thesis explores both the central banking and commercial aspects of the National Bank from the enactment of the Law of Control in 1898 until de jure stabilisation in 1928. It addresses the following questions: why was the National Bank not in a position to transform itself into a fully fledged central bank on its own initiative following a path similar to that described by the natural evolution hypothesis? Why were the commercial activities of the National Bank so important that in the end it chose to retain that aspect of its business when prior to 1927 it had so fiercely guarded its central banking privileges? It is argued that it was the way in which the governors of the National Bank combined central banking responsibilities with commercial banking that safeguarded and preserved the financial strength and consequently the reputation of the Bank throughout its entire history as a bank of issue. The financial position of the dual-purpose Bank was also protected by the conservative and risk-averse way in which it pursued its commercial activities. The National Bank’s financial strength was based on its market power and its ability to select high quality assets and liabilities which resulted in its enduring profitability and solvency. The quality of its assets and liabilities was more important for its governors than maximisation of profits per se. The way that central banking reforms were implemented is also studied. The objectives and functions of the new central bank are evaluated as well as its financial position when it first opened its doors for business. It is maintained that the statutes of the Bank of Greece were at the heart of the central banking principles promoted by the Bank of England and were focused on the macro function of a central bank and on its role as the bank of the government. This thesis also sheds light on the complex relationship that arose between Greek governments and foreign supervisors between the enactment of the Law of Control in 1898 and stabilisation in 1928. Furthermore, it asks questions about the conditionality attached to bailout loans in the late nineteenth century and in the 1920s. The impact that international financial intervention had on monetary reforms is clearly demonstrated. It is argued that monetary developments in Greece between 1898 and 1928 reflect the political economy of the time as well as the historical circumstances. Monetary reforms were shaped by the objectives of the National Bank and the constraints under which it operated rather than foreign control. These findings provide valuable insights into why Greek governments have unsuccessfully struggled to implement widespread structural reforms demanded by their lenders since 2010 and as a consequence the country has experienced a deep and protracted economic recession.
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Panoutsou, Calliope. "Economic and socio-economic evaluation of bioenergy schemes fueled with energy crops in Greece." Thesis, Aston University, 2002. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10748/.
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The main aim of this thesis is to evaluate the economic and socio-economic viability of energy crops as raw material for bioenergy schemes at the local level. The case examined is Greece, a southern Mediterranean country. Based on the current state, on foreseen trends and on the information presented in the literature review (conducted at the beginning of the study), the main goal was defined as follows: To examine the evidence supporting a strong role for dedicated energy crops local bioenergy developments in Greece, a sector that is forecasted to be increasingly important in the short to medium term.' Two perennial energy crops, cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) and giant reed (Arundo donax L.) were evaluated. The thesis analysed their possible introduction in the agricultural system of Rhodope, northern Greece, as alternative land use, through comparative financial appraisal with the main conventional crops. Based on the output of this comparative analysis, the breakeven for the two selected energy crops was defined along with a sensitivity analysis for the risk of the potential implementation. Following, the author performed an economic and socio-economic evaluation of a district heating system fuelled with energy crops in the selected region. Finally, the author, acknowledging that bioenergy deployment should be studied in the context of innovations proceeded in examining the different perceptions of the key groups involved, farmers and potential end users. Results indicated that biomass exploitation for energy purposes is more likely to be accepted when it is seen clearly as one strand in a national energy, environmental and agricultural policy which embraces several sources of renewable energy, and which also encourages energy efficiency and conservation.
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Tsimiklis, Georgios. "Offshore location decision and economic crisis (The case of Greece)." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98207.
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Outsourcing is a trend that has penetrated many industries over the last years taking the form of offshore outsourcing in many cases. However the location decision that follows the offshore outsourcing or the offshoring decision is quite complex and almost impossible to be answered through a linear model. A series of frameworks have been developed attempting to facilitate the process above.The focus of this work is the analysis of the location decision making through the reflection of the existing literature and the example of a specific country, Greece. Greece is chosen as a dynamic environment where the recent economic crisis has provoked structural reforms at the country, affecting the attractiveness of the location. The analysis of country is based on an OECD recent survey while the comparison is made with the assistance of a specific location decision model.Based on the findings of this study, it can be claimed that the case of Greece is quite different compared to other countries at the past which have faced similar situations. Further the reforms that take place need more time in order to be projected and trigger the attractiveness of the location.
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Panagiotarea, Eleni. "EMU and national economic policy formation : the case of Greece." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425776.
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Radopoulou, Stefania Christina. "High Speed Rail in Greece : methods for evaluating economic impacts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58186.
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Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-136).
High Speed Rail is a mode that gains popularity every day. Many countries have such a network and others are on the way to adopting one. Greece, which is part of the European Union, is one of those countries that are looking forward to such a network. This thesis will investigate the transportation sector of Greece, its governance and funding issues. Moreover, it will go into depth regarding the mode of High Speed Rail. The projects and issues related to this mode will be presented. Another issue of concern will be the evaluation of economic impacts of transportation investments and high speed rail specifically. A thorough literature review regarding the different methods and software packages that exist will be presented. Also, a method suitable to the Greek standards and characteristics will be proposed. Last, we create a screening model for High Speed Rail. This model aims to be used from countries similar to Greece, in order to realize whether it is worth it to start thinking of constructing such a network or not. HSR possibilities in Greece and Portugal are compared using the screening model.
by Stefania Christina Radopoulou.
S.M.in Transportation
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Calvário, Rita. "Building emancipatory strategies, producing political subjects: alternative food economies in the basque country and Greece in the crisis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400476.
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Las economías alternativas se presentan comúnmente como un resultado de la voluntad, o como una reacción espontánea y acumulativa a un impacto, ya sea la crisis o el neoliberalismo en general. Su destino es transformar el mundo, ya sea gradualmente o a través del choque de modelos. Por otro lado, las perspectivas críticas generalmente las ven como un producto del neoliberalismo, o incluso del capitalismo: condenadas a la cooptación y la marginalidad, o simplemente encarnando formas, prácticas y subjetividades neoliberales. En esta tesis, expongo una explicación alternativa a cerca de por qué y cómo emergen y se desarrollan las economías alternativas, así como una perspectiva diferente a través de la cual evaluar su potencial transformador.
Investigo estas cuestiones examinando las economías alimentarias alternativas en la crisis económica posterior a 2008. Con el fin de obtener una comprensión profunda de los acontecimientos de la vida real incluidos en el contexto, baso mi investigación en dos estudios de caso: los nuevos campesinos agroecológicos en el País Vasco (España) y las distribuciones de alimentos solidarios "no intermediarios" en Grecia. Basada en investigación de campo, herramientas de ecología política y soberanía alimentaria, y sobre las ideas de Bensaïd y Gramsci sobre política, esta tesis trata de cuestiones conceptuales y prácticas relacionadas con la resistencia al neoliberalismo, las estrategias emancipadoras y la agencia política.
Mi argumento principal es que las economías alimentarias alternativas pueden ser una parte integral de las estrategias activistas que participan en las luchas por la hegemonía, que buscan producir sujetos críticos y activos y, en última instancia, mover a los subalternos a una posición de liderazgo. En el País Vasco, la desnaturalización de las ideas y prácticas hegemónicas sobre el agronegocio y la normalización de las alternativas campesinas es un enfoque clave de la estrategia de los pequeños agricultores de construir alianzas y un amplio movimiento social que lucha por la soberanía alimentaria. En Grecia, abordar las dificultades de los agricultores y la inseguridad alimentaria a través de la solidaridad es un paso estratégico hacia el avance de las ideas y prácticas de contra-austeridad y en la activación de los sujetos en la actividad “práctica-crítica”.
Mientras que las economías alimentarias alternativas pueden brindar oportunidades para politizar las cuestiones sociales, crear espacios de politización y autoorganización del subalterno y generar procesos de aprendizaje sobre cómo las relaciones sociedad-naturaleza pueden organizarse de manera diferente, también enfrentan desafíos, ya que no están fuera (porque no hay un exterior) del capitalismo. Las dificultades a las que se enfrentan los productores agroecológicos son un llamado a prestar más atención a la relación entre tiempo de trabajo y tiempo para la política en modelos alternativos. Los esfuerzos para desarrollar alternativas deben centrarse en proporcionar las condiciones materiales y subjetivas para activar a los sujetos en la actividad política. Aquí es relevante una política que aborda las necesidades de la reproducción social y construye una “política de esperanza”. De hecho, las luchas ambientales pueden involucrar metas sociales y políticas más amplias que van más allá de las preocupaciones sobre el acceso a los recursos o la seguridad de los medios de subsistencia. Esto demuestra la relación productiva entre diversas luchas.Alternative economies are commonly depicted as a product of the will of individuals or groups, or as a spontaneous and cumulative reaction to an impact, be it crisis or neoliberalism more generally. Their fate is to transform the world, either gradually or through the clash of models. On the other hand, critics usually see them as a product of neoliberalism, or even capitalism. They are condemned thus to co-optation and marginality, or they just embody neoliberal forms, practices, and subjectivities. In this thesis, I chart an alternative explanation for why and how alternative economies emerge and develop, as well as provide a different lens through which to understand their transformative potential. I investigate these questions by looking at alternative food economies in the post-2008 economic crisis. In order to gain a deep comprehension of real-life events embedded in context, I base my research on two case-studies: the case of new agroecological ‘peasants’ in the Basque Country (Spain), and that of ‘no-middlemen’ solidarity food distributions in Greece. Drawing on fieldwork research, on analytical tools derived from political ecology and food sovereignty literatures, and on Bensaïd’s and Gramsci’s insights on radical politics, this thesis deals with important conceptual and practical questions regarding resistance to neoliberalism, emancipatory strategies, and political agency. My main argument is that alternative food economies can be an integral part of activist strategies engaged in struggles over hegemony, which seek to produce critical and active subjects and, ultimately, move the subaltern to a position of leadership. In the Basque Country, denaturalizing hegemonic ideas and practices regarding agribusiness, and normalizing peasant alternatives, is a key focus of small farmers’ strategy of building alliances and a large social movement fighting for food sovereignty. In Greece, tackling famers’ difficulties and food insecurity through ‘solidarity’ is a strategic step towards advancing counter-austerity ideas and practices to engage people in ‘practical-critical’ activity. Whereas alternative food economies may provide opportunities to politicize politics, create spaces of politicization and self-organization of the subaltern, and generate learning processes on how society-nature relations can be organized differently, they also face challenges, as they are not outside (because there is no outside to) capitalism. The difficulties faced by agroecological producers call us to pay more attention to the relation between working-time and free-time for politics in alternative models. Efforts to develop alternatives must focus on providing the subaltern with the material and subjective conditions that enable them to become ‘agents of their own history’. A politics that tackles social reproduction needs and builds a ‘politics of hope’ is therefore relevant. Indeed, environmental struggles may involve broader social and political goals, beyond concerns over access to resources and the environment or securing livelihoods; this shows the productive relationship between diverse struggles.
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Korres, George M. "Technological performance in Greece within the European community." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281667.
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Procopos, Arthur S. "Greece, like Kronos, is Eating its Children : Small-Business People’s Responses to the Ongoing Economic Crisis in Athens, Greece." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64042.
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This dissertation is concerned with the documentation and analysis of contemporary responses of a particular segment of Greek society to the economic crisis that has impacted on Greece, Europe and the wider capitalist world. Based on ethnographic research conducted in multiple sites, including the city of Athens and the village of Kandyla, I argue that dynamic contemporary connections exist between rural and urban Greece in relation to these responses. I also argue that contemporary responses to the crisis among this segment of society, notably small-business people, are constructed through and built upon strategies that have long histories in Greek village life and that are informed by responses to earlier crises, the memories of which are kept alive both materially and discursively. These responses are rooted in and performed in what Herzfeld has called “collective identification” evident in a set of shared sentiments among research participants regarding the valorisation of hard work and the principle of self-sufficiency, the parasitic nature of the Greek state, the constant production of insiders and outsiders in relation to the state, the use of reciprocity in business contexts, and the deployment of stereotypes regarding youths and politicians.Dissertation (MSocSci) University of Pretoria, 2017.
Anthropology and Archaeology
MSocSci
Unrestricted
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Uctug, Cagan. "Regulation Theory And Economic Crises: The Cases Of Greece And Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615177/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the economic crises of recent years through the lens of the Regulation Theory. It focuses on the Greek Crisis of 2009 and the Turkish Financial Crises of 2000 and 2001. Furthermore it also analyzes the crisis in the United States to give a better grounding for the current crises. The thesis tries to answer the questions of whether or not Regulation Theory proves to be a sufficient tool for analyzing these crises and whether or not these fit the definition of crisis that the Regulation Theory puts forward. It is argued that Regulation Theory explains to a great extent both the causes and the structure of the crises.
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Vetsopoulos, Apostolos. "The economic dimensions of the Marshall Plan in Greece, 1947-1952." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317677/.
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This thesis concerns the economic dimensions of the Marshall Plan in Greece from 1947 to 1952. The Marshall Aid Program and Mission contributed to the reconstruction and development of the Greek economy after the destruction of World War II and the Greek Civil War. However, because of the shortcomings of its backward economy, Greece was a special case in the implementation of the Marshall Plan in Europe. In particular, the problems of inefficiency and corruption influenced political and social issues on the decision-making process, while uniquely, the Marshall planners tried to create institutions in order to facilitate reconstruction and to improve Greek people's life. The implementation of the Marshall Plan aimed at the development of the Greek economy parallel to the economic development of the other European countries. The Marshall Plan tried to help the backward Greek economy participate in international trade, and created the foundations for the post-war development of the Greek economy. The principal argument of the thesis is that the Greek economy was too weak to absorb fully the enormous aid granted because private and state investments were too negligible to meet further economic development, while a number of Greek politicians and bourgeoisie prevented the implementation of the economic programme. This forced the American Marshall planners to 'freeze' a great part of the aid in order to cover the budget deficit and to hold inflation. The 'frozen' aid 'counterpart funds' were utilised in the two fiscal years following June 1952. Therefore, in the post-war period, the Marshall Plan was the first systematic effort to stabilise the Greek economy, thereby in due course enabling Greece to join the European Economic Community in 1980.
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Kastis, Stelios, and Vaggelis Kitsios. "The energy system of Greece : A Techno-economic and Environmental Approach." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23879.
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The human effort to continuously improve their standard of living in conjunction with the rapid growth of world‟s population, the reckless and the wasteful misuse of energy reserves threaten to lead mankind in an energy deadlock. In an effort to realize the size of the waste of our planet‟s available energy resources, we only need to point out that people have spent the last century stocks of raw materials and energy, which were saved and produced during the lifetime of our planet. The management of the energy systems in a proper and best way is considered to be essential worldwide. In this project the energy system of Greece is studied. The power production systems used in different sectors of life were analyzed. The study emphasized in the electricity production from different sources. Lignite electricity power plants were first introduced in the country followed by the gas power plants and Renewable Energy Sources (RES) installations. The deregulation of electricity market formed the new energy scenery of the country. Electricity grid reinforcements with smart metering and energy storage proved to be necessary in order the RES to be fully penetrated to the national grid, so as Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions to be reduced as much as possible. The further expansion of RES could help to cope with the barriers of the country‟s electrification due to singularity of hundred islands that are not yet interconnected to the mainland. Analytical theory methods and numerical skills used to derive the appropriate data and results. Installed capacity of the power sources was verified as well as costs and polluted emissions per unit and type of sources involved. Weaknesses and abnormalities of the electric system were pointed out. Proved gains from the RES use were verified for ensuring the sustainability of the country‟s energy system
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Kollias, C. "Military expenditure and economic development : the case of Greece, 1952-1987." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1989. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/8679/.
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Throughout the post-war period, Greece has allocated between five and six per cent of her annual Gross Domestic Product to defence. On many occasions she had the highest defence burden in NATO and Europe. There is evidence that the level, form and content of this defence expenditure have been determined by a combination of both external and internal factors. Greek military spending needs to be understood in relation to external security concerns and in particular in terms of her relations with Turkey. Membership of NATO, U.S. foreign policies and internal security factors have also influenced military expenditure. There is no substantial evidence to suggest that military expenditure has so far been used as a tool of economic policy. Dependency on imported weapons systems will not be substantially reduced by domestic arms production. It will merely be replaced by another form of dependency. Neither will domestic arms production generate appreciable backward and forward linkages which could pull the country out of the present economic crisis. The peculiarities of Greek development have created long term dependency on imported technology and capital goods which will not be reduced by arms production. Foreign military transfers have been instrumental in forging these dependency links and keeping the country open to foreign capital to operate under free and unregulated conditions. The links between military expenditure and economic growth are first established at the growth model level. They are then estimated in the context of a growth model directly and indirectly through the effect on savings and investment. The growth rate is treated as a function of both exogenous and endogenous variables and the impact of defence spending is estimated by two stage least squares in a series of equations. The results indicate that military expenditure has adversely affected growth in the period 1953-84 mainly through the crowing out of investment.
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Manassakis, N. E. "Private behaviour and monetary and fiscal policy in Greece." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375900.
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Psellas, Jimmie. "Greece and the European Economic Community: Relations During the Panhellenic Socialist Movement's First Term of Office, October 1981--June 1985." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500743/.
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A nation's foreign policy is often subject to change. This change may occur in its relations with other nationstates or with international organizations such as the European Economic Community (E.E.C.). Greece became a full E.E.C. member in January, 1980, when the conservative Nea Democratia was in power. The Nea Democratia, both in government from 1974 to 1981 and in opposition since 1981, has been consistent in its support for the E.E.C.; in contrast, the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) has not. PASOK, in opposition from 1974 to 1 981 , was against Greek membership in the European communities. PASOK, in its first term in office from 1981 to 1985, reversed itself on the issue. During this period, PASOK made no effort to withdraw Greece from the E.E.C. This study examines PASOK's reversal of policy. Two domestic factors are examined in detail: the general economic difficulties of Greece during PASOK's first term, and the role of the powerful agrarian interests.
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Hadjiyannis, N. G. "Financial and economic aspects of the operations of foreign banks in Greece." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354963.
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Tsakloglou, Panagiotis. "Aspects of inequality and poverty in Greece, 1974, 1982." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1989. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55889/.
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This study attempts to document the state and nature of inequality and poverty in Greece using the primary consumption expenditure data of two Household Expenditure Surveys conducted in 1974 and 1982. Chapter 1 provides an outline of recent developments in the Greek economy, a survey of the literature on inequality and poverty in Greece and a comparison of the above data with data from other sources. In Chapter 2 it is argued that the distribution of consumption expenditure per equivalent adult is a fairly good approximation to the (unobservable) distribution of economic welfare, and three models of equivalence scales for the cost of children are estimated. Based on these results, the distributions of consumption expenditure per equivalent adult are constructed for both survey years. Chapter 3 provides the results of measurement and decomposition of inequality. One-way decomposition is carried out when the population is grouped according to ten factors, of which five are used to subdivide the population into small homogeneous socioeconomic groups for the purposes of the multivariate decomposition of inequality. The main finding of the one-way decompositions is that disparities "between groups" play a far less important role in determining aggregate inequality than disparities "within-groups". Even in the multivariate decomposition, variations "between-groups" account for only one third of aggregate inequality in 1974 and for even less in 1982. The results of measuremenat nd decompositiono f poverty, reportedi n Chapter4 , suggest that poverty is closely associated with certain occupational characteristics of the household head. These characteristics are employment in the agricultural sector or no employment. Households headed by farmers and retired persons account for around two thirds of aggregate poverty in both survey years. Intertemporal changesi n inequality and poverty are examined in Chapter5 . It is demonstrated that inequality and relative poverty declined substantially between 1974 and 1982, while the decline in absolute poverty was spectacular. The impact on inequality of changes in the structure of the population was negligible, but the improvement in the educational level of HH heads had a strong negative effect on poverty. Further, the results of some cross-country inequality and welfare comparisons presented in this chapter show that inequality is higher, and welfare lower, in Greece than in most of the other EEC countries. Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the principal findings and discusses briefly their policy implications
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Moussa, Yeni Mariam, and Dilan Özdemir. "Is corruption the sander or grease to the wheel of economic growth in Africa? : An empirical analysis examining the relationship between corruption and economic growth in Africa." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-39401.
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The purpose of this study is to find out in what magnitude corruption affects economic growth in Africa, based on 8 variables chosen; GDP per capita growth, Corruption Perception index, Capital, Education, Unemployment rate, Worldwide Governance Indicators. There is an ongoing fight against corruption world-wide. The most severe condition of corruption is centered in large parts of Africa based on data from Transparency International. For this reason, the scope is to research if the high level of corruption hasan impact on the economic growth and if so, how big of an impact it has on economic growth, based on factors implemented. A panel data analysis is conducted to econometrically estimate how corruption effects economic growth in Africa. Previous studies in this subject and literature that speak of corruption as “grease to the wheels” and “sands to the wheels” is the foundation for the study. Results show no significance when it comes to the relation between CPI and economic growth. Therefore, no conclusion can be made.
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Palios, Zacharias. "The development of education within the political, economic and social structures of Greece." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324904.
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Trantidis, Aris. "The political economy of clientelism : economic reforms in pre-crisis Greece, 1985-2004." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-political-economy-of-clientelism(0c9c676f-8642-4960-870d-1876f937a7dc).html.
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How do patron-client relations interfere with economic policy-making? Does clientelism have a distinctive impact on policy reform compared to typical interest-group activity and party politics? Using an analytic narrative and a comparative approach, the thesis studies economic reforms in Greece, a clientelist political system, to test and refine a number of hypotheses on the impact on clientelism on policy reform. The thesis casts light on the distinct properties of the clientelist system of interest intermediation, and explains why resistance to reform is likely to be stronger compared to typical interest-group analysis. Interdependencies between parties and clients introduce a systematic bias in the design of economic policy in favour of preserving clientelist supply even under pressing economic conditions and strong international commitments. Unlike the typical context of interestgroup competition, government autonomy to shift social alliances or forge new ones over proposed policies is expected to be considerably limited in a clientelist system, given that placing limits to the supply of patronage will primarily affect relations inside the party and, ultimately, its cohesion and mobilisation capacity.
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Keim, Benjamin David. "The political economies of honor in democratic Athens." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609441.
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Cloke, Christian F. "The Landscape of the Lion: Economies of Religion and Politics in the Nemean Countryside (800 B.C. to A.D. 700)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1455208969.
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Zubi, Salah. "L’histoire de la cité d'Euhespérides, depuis sa fondation jusqu'à son abandon (fin du VIIe – milieu du IIIe siècle avant J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040084.
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Euhespérides (Benghazi) en Cyrénaïque (Libye), est une ville grecque, fondée à la fin du VIIe ou début du VIe siècle avant J-C. La ville est purement grecque, elle a été fondée et habitée par les Grecs, jusqu'à ce qu'ils l'abandonnent. Abandonnée au milieu du IIIe siècle avant J-C., elle n'a jamais été réoccupée. La date de la fondation de la cité est plus ancienne qu'on ne le pensait, elle a été fondée par les Grecs venus de différentes régions de la Grèce. L'une des principales raisons de la fondation d'Euhespérides dans ce lieu est la présence du port naturel connecté au lac. Le noyau de la ville était situé sur la colline de Sidi Abeid, sur le bord nord de la sebkha Es-Selmani. Ensuite, la cité s'est étendue dans toutes les directions. La première mention de la ville est venue d'Hérodote à trois reprises. Les fouilles sur le site de la ville ont commencé en 1952, après avoir identifié son emplacement par la photographie aérienne.Par les grandes quantités de céramiques découvertes sur le site, de deux types – céramiques fines et communes– en plus des amphores de transport, il s'est avéré que le volume des échanges commerciaux de la cité était considérable, et que l'importation incluait différentes régions du monde méditerranéen.Euhespérides a été abandonnée au milieu du IIIe siècle avant J-C, et ses habitants ont alors été déplacés vers un autre site, Béréniké, situé à trois km à l'Ouest. La principale raison de l'abandon était une décision politique, mise en œuvre par la force. Cette décision a été prise par Ptolémée III et son épouse, Bérénice, pour punir la population de sa résistance à la nouvelle autorité, en démolissant la cité et imposant à sa population de quitter la cité par la forceEuesperides (Benghazi) in Cyrenaica, east of Libya is a Greek city, founded in the late seventh or early sixth century BC. The city is purely Greek; it was founded and inhabited by the Greeks, until they were abandoning it. Abandoned in the middle of the third century BC., It was never reoccupied. The date of the founding of the city is older than previously thought; it was founded by the Greeks from different regions of Greece. One of the main reasons of the foundation of Euesperides in this place is the presence of natural port connected with the lake. The nucleus of the city located on the hill of Sidi Abeid, on the northern edge of the Sebeka Es- Selmani. Then, the city has expanded in all directions. The first mention of the city came from Herodotus in three times. The excavations at the site began in 1952, after identifying its location by aerial photography. By large amounts of pottery discovered on the site of two types - fineware and coarseware , in addition to the amphorae of transport, it turned out that the volume of trade of the city was considerable, and that the importation included different regions of the Mediterranean world.Euesperides was abandoned in the mid-third century, and its inhabitants were then moved to another site, Berenice, located three kilometers to the west. The main reason for the abandonment was a political decision, implemented by force. This decision was taken by Ptolemy III and his wife, Berenice, to punish the people of his resistance to the new authority, demolishing the city and imposing its population to leave the city by force
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Lefa, Ismini. "The welfare of immigrants in Greece : living the effects of the 2009 economic recession." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-welfare-of-immigrants-in-greece-living-the-effects-of-the-2009-economic-recession(c09a33ff-dc32-4319-85dc-bcfe4e571d86).html.
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This thesis assesses the welfare of immigrants in Greece and examines the changes in their welfare following the outbreak of the economic crisis in 2009. Data from 320 structured interviews and 42 semi structured interviews with immigrants in urban and rural areas in Greece are analysed through Descriptive Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Thematic Analysis. Analysis focuses on three aspects of immigrants' welfare: (i) labour market integration and income; (ii) living conditions; and (iii) social integration. Among the most distinctive findings are: (i) weakening labour market position of immigrants; (ii) declining ability to financially support themselves and their families; (iii) deteriorating quality of housing and neighbourhood conditions; and (iv) decreasing levels of social integration. It is suggested that those welfare changes are directly linked to the eruption of the Greek economic recession in 2009. Last, this deprivation of immigrants' welfare is of critical importance for humanitarian reasons, but also due to posing a serious threat for the political and socio-economic stability of Greece and the EU.