Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economics – Experiments – Methodology

Academic literature on the topic 'Economics – Experiments – Methodology'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Economics – Experiments – Methodology"

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Nowbutsing, Baboo M. "Experiments in International Economics." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 4, no. 2 (February 15, 2012): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v4i2.305.

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For many decades, economists have lamented the constraints on performing experiments in economics. However, with the birth of experimental economics this perception has changed. This field has developed considerably over the years. Now results from experiments are taken seriously. The experimental literature evolved in three directions: market experiments, game experiments and individual-decision making experiments. Over the years however, experimental methodology has been applied to more complex environments investigating macroeconomic issues and international economics. This paper provides a review of the experimental economics, its ingredients, its promises and skepticism. Further, we provide a review of the experiments that has been carried out in international economics.
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Rosenzweig, Mark R., and Kenneth I. Wolpin. "Natural “Natural Experiments” in Economics." Journal of Economic Literature 38, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 827–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.38.4.827.

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The recent literature exploiting natural events as “natural experiment” instruments is reviewed to assess to what extent it has advanced empirical knowledge. A weakness of the studies that adopt this approach is that the necessary set of behavioral, market, and technological assumptions made by the authors in justifying their interpretations of the estimates is often absent. The methodology and findings from twenty studies are summarized and simple economic models are used to elucidate the implicit assumptions made by the authors and to demonstrate the sensitivity of the interpretations of the findings to the relaxation of some of these assumptions.
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McDermott, Rose. "Experimental Methodology in Political Science." Political Analysis 10, no. 4 (2002): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/10.4.325.

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Experiments offer a useful methodological tool to examine issues of importance to political scientists. The historical and cultural differences between experiments in behavioral economics and social psychology are discussed. Issues of central concern to experimentalists are covered, including impact versus control, mundane versus experimental realism, internal versus external validity, deception, and laboratory versus field experiments. Advantages and disadvantages of experimentation are summarized.
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Dufwenberg, Martin. "Banking on experiments?" Journal of Economic Studies 42, no. 6 (November 9, 2015): 943–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-08-2015-0145.

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Purpose – How can laboratory experiments help us understand banking crises, including the usefulness of various policy responses? After giving a concise introduction to the field of experimental economics more generally, the author attempts to provide answers. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – The author discusses methodology and surveys relevant work. Findings – History is often too complicated to be meaningfully revamped or modified in the lab, for purposes of insight-by-analogy. But as people argue about how to understand financial history, they bring ideas to the table. It is possible and useful to test the empirical relevance of these ideas in lab experiments. Originality/value – The paper pioneers broad discussion of how lab experiments may shed light on banking crises.
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Heinemann, Frank, and Charles Noussair. "Macroeconomic experiments." Journal of Economic Studies 42, no. 6 (November 9, 2015): 930–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-09-2015-0171.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the upcoming symposium on experimental macroeconomics in the November issue. Design/methodology/approach – Experimental, survey of articles in the symposium. Findings – The paper describes how experiments can be used in macroeconomics. Originality/value – The paper discusses the rationale for using behavioral experiments in macroeconomics, and summarizes the papers in the symposium.
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Ross, Don. "Methodology for experiments should be determined empirically, not philosophically." Journal of Economic Methodology 18, no. 2 (June 2011): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1350178x.2011.580132.

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Guala, Francesco. "THE ROLE OF EXPERIMENTS IN ECONOMICS: REPLY TO JONES." Economics and Philosophy 30, no. 3 (June 26, 2014): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267114000273.

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Martin Jones has criticized my account of the methodology of experimental economics on three points: the impossibility of testing external validity claims in the laboratory, my reconstruction of external validity inferences as analogical arguments, and the distinction between laboratory and non-laboratory sciences. I defend my account here and try to eliminate some misunderstandings that may have prompted Jones’s criticism.
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LIST, JOHN A., ANYA SAMEK, and DANA L. SUSKIND. "Combining behavioral economics and field experiments to reimagine early childhood education." Behavioural Public Policy 2, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2017.6.

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AbstractBehavioral economics and field experiments within the social sciences have advanced well beyond academic curiosum. Governments around the globe as well as the most powerful firms in modern economies employ staffs of behavioralists and experimentalists to advance and test best practices. In this study, we combine behavioral economics with field experiments to reimagine a new model of early childhood education. Our approach has three distinct features. First, by focusing public policy dollars on prevention rather than remediation, we call for much earlier educational programs than currently conceived. Second, our approach has parents at the center of the education production function rather than at its periphery. Third, we advocate attacking the macro education problem using a public health methodology, rather than focusing on piecemeal advances.
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Huertas-Garcia, Rubén, Juan Carlos Gázquez-Abad, Francisco J. Martínez-López, and Irene Esteban-Millat. "Using Response Surface Methodology to Optimise Factors in Conjoint Experiments." International Journal of Market Research 55, no. 2 (March 2013): 267–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/ijmr-2013-023.

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Identifying relevant attributes or variables is the first objective of conjoint analysis in market research. As a result of technological development, today it is common for researchers to use sequential experimental methods for adjusting design factors in successive phases. In particular, in the field of consumer behaviour these models are used predominantly for assessing subjective perceptions relating to the attributes of different products with high sensorial components (e.g. food, drinks and personal care products). This paper illustrates the use of response surface methodology in conjoint experiments, allowing sequential research in which the evaluation of a choice set determines the weight of factors in the next choice set and continues until the optimum combination is achieved. To this end we have carried out a computer simulation to determine the optimal combination of ingredients for a sauce. The simulation shows that the model needs only a few steps to reach the optimal combination of ingredients. This result indicates that response surface methodology can be considered a useful tool in the field of market research and, in particular, in studies on consumer behaviour.
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Nagatsu, Michiru, and Judith Favereau. "Two Strands of Field Experiments in Economics: A Historical-Methodological Analysis." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 50, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 45–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0048393119890393.

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While the history and methodology of laboratory experiments in economics have been extensively studied by philosophers, those of field experiments have not attracted much attention until recently. What is the historical context in which field experiments have been advocated? And what are the methodological rationales for conducting experiments in the field as opposed to in the lab? This article addresses these questions by combining historical and methodological perspectives. In terms of history, we show that the movement toward field experiments in economics has two distinct roots. One is the general orientation of medical and social sciences to evidence-based policy evaluation, which gave rise to randomized field experiments in economics (e.g., behavioral public policy, poverty alleviation policy). The other is an awareness of several methodological limitations of lab experiments in economics, which required practitioners to get out of the lab and into the field. In these senses, the movement is a consequence of influences from both outside and inside economics: the general evidence-based trend in policy science and an internal methodological development of experimental economics. In terms of methodology, we show that these two roots resulted in two somewhat different notions of “external validity” as methodological rationales of field experiment. Finally, we suggest that analysis of experiments as exhibits highlights a methodological strategy in which both strands complement each other.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economics – Experiments – Methodology"

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Yan, Chang. "A computational game-theoretic study of reputation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e6acb250-efb8-410b-86dd-9e3e85b427b6.

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As societies become increasingly connected thanks to advancing technologies and the Internet in particular, individuals and organizations (i.e. agents hereafter) engage in innumerable interaction and face constantly the possibilities thereof. Such unprecedented connectivity offers opportunities through which social and economic benefits are realised and disseminated. Nonetheless, risky and damaging interaction abound. To promote beneficial relationships and to deter adverse outcomes, agents adopt different means and resources. This thesis focuses on reputation as a crucial mechanism for promoting positive interaction, and examines the topic from game-theoretic perspective using computational methods. First, we investigate the design of reputation systems by incorporating economic incentives into algorithm design. Focusing on ubiquitous user-generated ratings on the Internet, we propose a truthful reputation mechanism that not only enforces honest reporting from individual raters but also takes into account their personal preferences. The mechanism is constructed using a blend of Bayesian Truth Serum and SimRank algorithms, both specifically adapted for our use case of online ratings. We show that the resulting mechanism is Bayesian incentive compatible and is computable in polynomial time. In addition, the mechanism is shown to be resistant to common manipulations on the Internet such as uniform fake ratings and targeted collusions. Lastly, we discuss detailed considerations for implementing the mechanism in practice. Second, we investigate experimentally the relative importance of reputational and social knowledge in sustaining cooperation in dynamic networks. In our experiments, U.S-based subjects play a repeated game where, in each round, an endogenous network is formed among a group of 13 players and each player chooses a cooperative or non-cooperative action that applies to all her connections. We vary the availability of reputational and social knowledge to subjects in 4 treatments. At the aggregate level, we find that reputational knowledge is of first-order importance for supporting cooperation, while social knowledge plays a complementary role only when reputational knowledge is available. Further community-level analysis reveals that reputational knowledge leads to the emergence of highly cooperative hubs, and a dense and cluster network, while social knowledge enhances cooperation by forming a large, dense and clustered community of cooperators who exclude outsiders through link removals and link refusals. At the individual level, reputational knowledge proves essential for the emergence of network structural characteristics that are associated with cooperative actions. In contrast, in treatments without reputational information, none of the network metrics is predicative of subjects' choices of action. Furthermore, we present UbiquityLab, a pioneering online platform for conducting real-time interactive experiments for game-theoretic studies. UbiquityLab supports both synchronous and asynchronous game models, and allows for complex and customisable interaction between subjects. It offers both back-end and front-end infrastructure with a modularised design to enable rapid development and streamlined operation. For in- stance, in synchronous mode, all per-stage and inter-stage logic are fully encapsulated by a thin server-side module, while a suite of client-side components eases the creation of game interface. The platform features a robust messaging protocol, such that player connection and game states are restored automatically upon networking errors and dropped out subjects are seamlessly substituted by customisable program players. Online experiments enjoy clear advantages over lab equivalents as they benefit from low operation cost, efficient execution, large and diverse subject pools, etc. UbiquityLab aims to promote online experiments as an emerging research methodology in experimental economics by bringing its benefits to other researchers.
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Moench, Matthew. "An Investigation into Crowd Out Phenomenon in Local Churches: Combining Experimental and Survey Methodology." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1370857293.

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Rommel, Jens. "Institutions, behavior, and the environment." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17156.

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Das Kerninteresse der Dissertation gilt den Einsatzmöglichkeiten ökonomischer Experimente in der Institutionenanalyse. Sie setzt sich aus einem konzeptionellen und vier empirischen Aufsätzen zusammen. Im ersten Aufsatz werden drei theoretische Blickwinkel auf institutionellen Wandel unterschieden. Diese werden dann mit empirischen Arbeiten in der experimentellen Wirtschaftsforschung in Beziehung gesetzt. Die empirischen Aufsätze greifen diese Überlegungen auf. Im zweiten Aufsatz findet für die Analyse der Verkehrsmittelwahl von Pendlern unter verschiedenen Politikszenarien ein „Framed Field Experiment“ Anwendung. Es wird gezeigt, wie Verlustaversion und Statusängste die Entscheidungen der Pendler erklären können. Im dritten Aufsatz kommt ein „Public Goods Game“ zum Einsatz, um den Einfluss von ökonomischer Ungleichheit und Vorbildverhalten auf Beiträge zu einer gemeinsam genutzten sanitären Einrichtung zu untersuchen. In einer strukturell ähnlichen Entscheidungssituation verhalten sich Teilnehmerinnen häufig so wie es ihnen aus anderen Zusammenhängen bekannt ist. Der vierte Aufsatz untersucht den Einfluss des sogenannten Status-Quo-Effekts auf umweltfreundliches Verhalten. In einem Feldexperiment wird gezeigt, dass sich ein Zwang zur Entscheidung positiv auf umweltfreundliches Verhalten auswirken kann. Der fünfte Aufsatz geht der Frage nach, ob sich Experimente als didaktisches Werkzeug zur Schaffung größeren Umweltbewusstseins einsetzen lassen. Im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe zeigen selbst Teilnehmende mit negativen Erfahrungen aus dem Experiment einen positiven Effekt auf umweltfreundliches Verhalten. In einem Fazit findet eine Synthese der Aufsätze statt. Ein Ergebnis ist die Entwicklung eines analytischen Rahmens für die Durchführung ökonomischer Experimente zur Untersuchung institutionellen Wandels. Konstitutionelle Regeln, also Regeln zur Änderung von Regeln, werden als erfolgversprechender Ansatzpunkt für die zukünftige Forschung identifiziert.
The dissertation focuses on the use of economic experiments for institutional analysis. It consists of one conceptual and four empirical essays. In the first essay, three theoretical perspectives on institutional change are distinguished. These are linked to empirical work in Experimental Economics. The empirical essays expand on these considerations. In the second essay, commuters’ transportation mode choice is analyzed. It is shown that loss aversion and status concerns drive behavior. In the third essay, a public goods game is employed to investigate the effect of endowment heterogeneity and leading by example on voluntary contributions to a jointly used sanitation facility. It is demonstrated that in a structurally similar decision context, choices are driven by experiences from other contexts. The fourth essay examines the impact of the so-called status quo bias on pro-environmental behavior. In a field experiment, it is shown that forcing a decision has a positive effect on pro-environmental behavior. The fifth essay investigates whether experiments can be used as a tool for environmental awareness building. Even participants with negative experiences from taking part in the dilemma experiment show a greater likeliness of behaving environmentally friendly in comparison to a control group. In a concluding part, the essays are synthesized. One outcome is an analytical framework for developing economic experiments on institutional change. Constitutional rules (i.e., rules on how to change the rules) are identified as a promising starting point for future research.
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Hergueux, Jérôme. "Online cooperation and peer production." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAB003/document.

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Des logiciels Open Source à Wikipédia, la production par les pairs mobilise des centaines de milliers de contributeurs de par le monde. C’est une source importante de création de valeur dans les secteurs très compétitifs de l’information et de la technologie, ainsi qu’une source majeure d’innovation. Au-delà même de son importance économique, l’émergence de la production par les pairs représente une opportunité d’éclairer un certain nombre de questions anciennes et particulièrement ardues dans la littérature d’un jour nouveau. Compte-tenu de la nature souvent non conventionnelle des incitations au travail dans les environnements de production par les pairs, ceux-ci sont particulièrement adaptés à l’étude de l’impact des préférences économiques non standard sur la production de biens publics, à l’analyse de leur rôle en tant que motivations au travail, ainsi qu’à l’évaluation de leurs conséquences en termes d’économie organisationnelle.Ce travail de thèse s'appuie sur un outil d’expérimentation en ligne original (développé et évalué dans le chapitre 1) pour combiner expériences en ligne à large échelle et méthodes computationnelles (i.e. l’extraction systématique de données sur le comportement de terrain des sujets) afin de (i) mener le tout premier test de terrain exhaustif de la théorie de la production privée de biens publics, (ii) étudier l’importance des préférences sociales en tant que motivations au travail au sein d’organisations productives réelles et (iii) procéder aux premiers tests de terrain documentant des comportements endogènes d’appariement des agents économiques au sein d’équipes productives en fonction de leur type coopératif
From Open Source Software to Wikipedia, peer production involves hundreds of thousands of contributors worldwide. It is an important source of value creation in the most competitive sectors of information and technology, as well as a major source of innovation. Beyond its economic significance, the emergence of peer production also represents an opportunity to shed new lights on a number of longstanding but notably difficult questions in the literature. Given the unconventional nature of many of the work incentives at play in peer production environments, those are particularly well suited for researching the impact of non standard economic preferences on public goods provision, studying their role as work incentives, and assessing their consequences in terms of organizational economics.This Ph.D. work leverages a novel online experimentation tool (developed and assessed in Chapter 1) to combine large-scale online experiments and computational methods (i.e. the systematic extraction of data on subjects’ field behavior) to respectively (i) provide the first comprehensive field test of the theory of the private provision of public goods, (ii) study the importance of social preferences as work motives within real-world productive organizations and(iii) report the first field evidence of endogenous sorting behavior of economic agents within productive teams based on their cooperative types
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Zackery, Shane M. "Musical Missteps: The Severity of the Sophomore Slump in the Music Industry." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/335.

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This study looks at alternative models of follow-up album success in order to determine if there is a relationship between the decrease in Metascore ratings (assigned by Metacritic.com) between the first and second album for a musician or band and the 1) music genre or 2) the number of years between the first and second album release. The results support the dominant thought, which suggests that neither belonging to a certain genre of music nor waiting more or less time to drop the second album makes an artist more susceptible to the Sophomore Slump. This finding is important because it forces us to identify other potential causes for the observed disappointing performance of a generally favorable musician’s second album.
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Eira, João Mira Canas da. "An Introduction to Other-Regarding Preferences With An Application to Contract Design." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/84532.

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Trabalho de Projeto do Mestrado em Economia apresentado à Faculdade de Economia
Os modelos económicos de comportamento individual supõem, frequentemente, que na avaliação entre alternativas concorrentes os agentes apenas estão preocupados com a forma como cada alternativa os afeta pessoalmente. Esta simples e razoável suposição postula que os agentes cuidam apenas do interesse próprio (egoísmo racional), não se preocupando com o possível impacto das suas decisões sobre aqueles com quem interagem. O presente trabalho desafia esta suposição.Ao longo das últimas décadas foi possível observar a acumulação de resultados experimentais provenientes de jogos como o ultimato e o \textit{gift exchange}, onde o comportamento não é explicável com base em preferências puramente egoístas. Com efeito, os agentes geralmente tomam decisões que reduzem o seu bem-estar, desde que ao fazê-lo os restantes agentes possam beneficiar. Neste caso, em contraste com o puro interesse próprio, os agentes são ditos possuírem preferências sociais. Estes agentes estarão pois não são só preocupados com o que lhes acontece mas também com o que acontece aos outros agentes.Uma larga parte dos resultados experimentais discutidos neste trabalho foram obtidos através do uso de experiências laboratoriais. A questão da validade externa destes resultados tem sido um ponto de disputa. As experiências laboratoriais são realizadas em ambientes altamente artificiais onde são colocadas fortes restrições no comportamento dos participantes. Embora isto lhes imbua com a sua fonte de força metodológica, é também uma fraqueza. Os resultados provenientes de experiências laboratoriais não generalizam necessariamente para o mundo real, e estes são frequentemente comparados com os resultados obtidos através de trabalho de campo devido à suposta maior validade externa destes últimos. A questão da validade externa das experiências laboratoriais é examinada e conclui-se que estas são uma ferramenta valida para a acumulação de evidência cientifica sobre o comportamento humano.A aversão à desigualdade, é apresentada como um método de modelar preferências sociais. O modelo proposto é utilizado então para explicar o comportamento observado (em laboratório) no jogo do ultimato. Um exemplo sobre como utilizar preferências sociais, para estudar interações económicas no mundo real, é analisado na sua aplicação ao estudo da formulação de contratos sob risco moral.
Economic models of individual behavior often make the assumption that in evaluating between competing alternatives agents are only concerned with how each alternative impacts their own payoffs. This simple, yet reasonable, assumption postulates that agents are self-regarding, that is, agents are not concerned with how their decisions affects other people. This study casts doubt over this assumption. Over the last several decades there has been a steady accumulation of experimental evidence from games such as the ultimatum game and the gift exchange game where the observed behavior is not explained by assuming that agents have self-regarding preferences. Agents often make decisions that lower their payoff if by doing so other agents are better off. In contrast to self-regarding preferences, agents are said in this case to have other-regarding preferences. They are not only preoccupied with themselves but also with other people. Most of the evidence discussed in this study was gathered through the use of laboratory experiments. The issue of the external validity of this evidence has long been a point of contention. Laboratory experiments are highly artificial environments that place strong constraints on individual behavior. While this imbues them with their source of methodological strength, it is also a weakness. Evidence gathered in the laboratory need not generalize to the real world, and laboratory experiments are often compared with field studies which purport to provide evidence that is more externally valid. We examine the question of the external validity of laboratory experiments and conclude they are a valid tool for the gathering of scientific evidence about human behavior. Inequity aversion is presented as a method of modeling other-regarding preferences. The model is promptly used to explain the behavior documented in the ultimatum game. An example on how to use other-regarding preferences to study real world economic interactions is provided in the study of contract design under moral hazard.
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Books on the topic "Economics – Experiments – Methodology"

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P, Carpenter Jeffrey, Harrison Glenn W, and List John A. 1968-, eds. Field experiments in economics. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI, 2005.

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Viceisza, Angelino C. G. Treating the field as a lab: A basic guide to conducting economics experiments for policymaking. Washington, D.C: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2012.

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1948-, Holt Charles A., ed. Experimental economics. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1993.

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1970-, Cassar Alessandra, and Selten Reinhard, eds. Economics lab: An intensive course in experimental economics. London: Routledge, 2004.

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Experimental economics: Rethinking the rules. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010.

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Papers in experimental economics. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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1942-, Kagel John H., and Roth Alvin E. 1951-, eds. The handbook of experimental economics. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1995.

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1944-, Shyam Sunder, ed. Experimental methods: A primer for economists. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Reflexivity in Economics: An Experimental Examination on the Self-Referentiality of Economic Theories. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2009.

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Bonetti, Shane. The tangled web: The methodology of experimental economics and the prohibitionof deception. St. Andrews: St. Salvator's College, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economics – Experiments – Methodology"

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Lewandowski, A., T. Rogowski, and T. Krȩglewski. "Application of DIDASS Methodology to a Flood Control Problem — Numerical Experiments." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 325–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02432-4_25.

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Palan, Stefan. "Experimental Design and Methodology." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 67–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02147-3_3.

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Plott, Charles R. "Policy and the use of Laboratory Experimental Methodology in Economics." In Uncertain Decisions, 293–317. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5083-9_13.

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Nermend, Kesra, and Jarosław Duda. "Methodology for Choosing the Location for In-Game Advertising Billboards." In Problems, Methods and Tools in Experimental and Behavioral Economics, 89–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99187-0_7.

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Klein, Erwin. "Methodology of Non-Experimental Economic Research (II): Cognitive Functions of Non-Intendedly Empirical Theories." In Economic Theories and their Relational Structures, 186–210. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377646_12.

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Klein, Erwin. "Methodology of Non-Experimental Economic Research (I): On the Foundations of Non-Intendedly Empirical Theories." In Economic Theories and their Relational Structures, 173–85. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377646_11.

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"Experiments as Mediators." In The Methodology of Experimental Economics, 203–30. Cambridge University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511614651.011.

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Cozic, Mikaël. "Philosophy of Economics." In The Philosophy of Science. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190690649.003.0015.

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Although there are no doubts regarding the impact of economics in society and politics, doubts regarding its epistemological status endure. Does economics provide us with bona fide empirical theories? Are its mathematical models on a par with those of the hard sciences, or is its scientific character exaggerated? This chapter focuses on the key problem of the philosophy of economics: the reconciliation of its claim to empirical significance with what often appears as a non-empirical methodology, favoring deduction from a priori principles and showing little sensitivity to refutation by observation and experiment. Several attempts at answering this problem are considered, both in the Millian tradition and following neo-positivist approaches. Finally, the empirical status of the discipline is put in perspective with its recent extension to new fields of inquiry, such as behavioral economics and neuroeconomics, where experiments seem to be part of the core methodology.
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Caplin, Andrew, and Mark Dean. "Enhanced Choice Experiments." In Handbook of Experimental Economic Methodology, 86–103. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328325.003.0005.

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Harrison, Glenn W., Morten I. Lau, and E. Elisabet Rutström. "Theory, Experimental Design, and Econometrics Are Complementary (And So Are Lab and Field Experiments)." In Handbook of Experimental Economic Methodology, 296–338. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328325.003.0017.

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Conference papers on the topic "Economics – Experiments – Methodology"

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Akan, Yusuf, and Aslı Cansın Doker. "Effectiveness of Experimental Approaches in Economics: A Case of Ultimatum Games Experiments." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01888.

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In economics theory literature, it has been a crucial question whether experiments can be helpful to test theory in laboratory. Since late 1940s experimental methods has been found useful in economics however there is still some doubts about unbiasedness, ability to test. The essential of economics theory is related to mathematics resulted of this deductive reasoning to inductive one with using time series data and statistical analysis. Additionally, generally in experiments and its sessions, undergraduate or graduate students are generally chosen as participants by researchers, this brings several doubts and questions together such as reliability on their choices, power of explanation and also restrictions about rationality of players which are decision makers as individual. After the 1950s with the introduction of game theory, experimental methods have been strong placed in the research. Especially market designs, rationality and behavioral design have been subjected to experiments. However, it is still crucial question whether those experimental methods could be effective or not. This study will be discussed experimental methodology with game theoretical approach using trust and ultimatum games perspective. In addition, giving the structure of the sessions and experiments, the regulations and steps will be figure systematically. This study will be discussed rational individual decision making process and try to explain how chosen games can be lasted more effective.
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Pozniak, Natalija, and Leonidas Sakalauskas. "The method for the optimal experiment design." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.012.

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Purpose – is to develop the Bayesian method of optimal engineering design by a series of experiments, aiming to manage experimental resources in a rational economic way. Research methodology – is based on modelling of experimental data by Gaussian random fields (GRF) and using matri-ces of fractional Euclidean distances. Next, the P-algorithm for the planning of the experiment series is created in order to optimize the values of the response surface. Findings – the application of the developed method in engineering design enable us to create plans for the experiment se-ries in order to create new functional products and processes managing experimental resources in a rational economic way. Research limitations – the creation of the plans of the experiment series can require a large amount of computer time re-lated to the application of the Monte Carlo procedure in order to ensure the optimality of created plans. However, this limitation can be avoided using distributed computing tools. Practical implications – the created method helps engineers to seek solutions to experimental problems, considering the economic viability of each potential solution along with the technical aspects. Originality/Value – in creating functional products and processes engineers are using the experimental design process, which usually is highly iterative. The developed approach enables us to design the experimental series inflexible way, de-creasing the number of required experiments and avoiding of rather expensive methods such as factorial experiments, steepest descent, etc., usually applied for experimental design in engineering practice
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Di Noia, Alfredo Ernesto, Giulio Mario Cappelletti, and Carlo Russo. "The Social Sustainability of Organic Cultivation with S-LCA Application in Research Project." In Fifth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2021.177.

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In this paper, the authors aim to present the methodology used to measure social sustainability, which is being implemented in a research project called “Innovations in organic agriculture to improve the sustaina­bility of Apulian farms for cereal and industrial crops.” The authors used the social life cycle assessment (S-LCA), based on the life cycle assessment, par­ticularly the subcategory assessment method. The authors developed a questionnaire to collect information about work­ers and the time worked (weekly working hours, working weeks) in each plot of the experimentation plan. The authors administered the questionnaire to multiple recipients categorized as three identified types of stakeholders (workers, local community, consumers) to triangulate the answers. The use of the S-LCA in experiments in the agricultural sector, which presents critical issues in the social sustainability of production, could become a strategic tool for achieving sustainable development in agri-food sector.
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Kuttolamadom, Mathew, Parikshit Mehta, Laine Mears, and Thomas Kurfess. "The Correlation of Volumetric Tool Wear and Wear Rate of Machining Tools With the Material Removal Rate of Titanium Alloys." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7338.

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The objective of this paper is to assess the correlation of volumetric tool wear (VTW) and wear rate of carbide tools on the material removal rate (MRR) of titanium alloys. A previously developed methodology for assessing the worn tool material volume is utilized for quantifying the VTW of carbide tools when machining Ti-6Al-4V. To capture the tool substrate response, controlled milling experiments are conducted at suitable corner points of the feed-speed design space for constant stock material removal volumes. For each case, the tool material volumes worn away, as well as the corresponding volumetric wear profile evolution in terms of a set of geometric coefficients are quantified — these are then related to the MRR. Further, the volumetric wear rate and the M-ratio (volume of stock removed to VTW), which is a measure of the cutting tool efficiency, are related to the MRR — these provide a tool-centered optimal MRR in terms of profitability. This work not only elevates tool wear from a 1-D to 3-D concept, but helps in assessing machining economics from a stock material removal efficiency perspective as well.
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Malhotra, Sahil, Alejandro Lerza, and Sergio Cuervo. "Well Spacing and Stimulation Design Optimization in the Vaca Muerta Shale: Hydraulic Fracture Simulations on the Cloud." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204142-ms.

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Abstract Well spacing and stimulation design are amongst the highest impact design variables which can dictate the economics of an unconventional development. The objective of this paper is to showcase a numerical simulation workflow, with emphasis on the hydraulic fracture simulation methodology, which optimizes well spacing and completion design simultaneously. The workflow is deployed using Cloud Computing functionality, a step-change over past simulation methods. Workflow showcased in this paper covers the whole cycle of 1) petrophysical and geomechanical modeling, 2) hydraulic fracture simulations and 3) reservoir simulation modeling, followed by 4) design optimization using advanced non-linear methods. The focus of this paper is to discuss the hydraulic fracture simulation methods which are an integral part of this workflow. The workflow is deployed on a dataset from a multi-well pad completed in late 2018 targeting two landing zones in the Vaca Muerta shale play. On calibrated petrophysical and geomechanical model, hydraulic fracture simulations are conducted to map the stimulated rock around the wellbores. Finely gridded base model is utilized to capture the property variation between layers to estimate fracture height. The 3d discrete fracture network (DFN) built for the acreage is utilized to pick the natural fracture characteristics of the layers intersected by the wellbores. The methodology highlights advances over the past modeling approaches by including the variation of discrete fracture network between layers. The hydraulic fracture model in conjunction with reservoir flow simulation is used for history matching the production data. On the history matched model, a design of experiments (DOE) simulation study is conducted to quantify the impact of a wide range of well spacing and stimulation design variables. These simulations are facilitated by the recent deployments of cloud computing. Cloud computing allows parallel running of hundreds of hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulations, thereby allowing testing of many combinations of stimulation deigns and well spacing and reducing the effective run time from 3 months on a local machine to 1 week on the cloud. Output from the parallel simulations are fitted with a proxy model to finally select the well spacing and stimulation design variables that offer the minimum unit development cost i.e. capital cost-$ per EUR-bbl. The workflow illustrates that stimulation design and well spacing are interlinked to each other and need to be optimized simultaneously to maximize the economics of an unconventional asset. Using the workflow, the team identified development designs which increase EUR of a development area by 50-100% and reduce the unit development cost ($/bbl-EUR) by 10-30%.
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Zheng-he, Sun, Zhang Yan-chao, Liu Wen-jun, Wang Ying-ying, Ren Shou-tian, and Liu Wen-jun. "Innovative Thought and Methodology of Planck Constant Experiment Based on Photoelectric Effect Theorem." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Contemporary Education and Economic Development (CEED 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ceed-18.2018.131.

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Shirokikh, Anna Yurievna. "An experimental tailor-made ESP course: experience of teaching English to students of Economics." In Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.7977.

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The purpose of the study was to find out how enhanced learner autonomy techniques can influence students' professional communication skills, subject-specific knowledge, levels of motivation in studying the language and general satisfaction from the studies. The problem under investigation is if students should be allowed to choose materials for language input and if the teacher will be able to work out an appropriate didactic approach in developing students' grammar accuracy, vocabulary range, speaking, listening and writing skills. the expermental course was designed for students of economics. Students' responsibility, the use of online resources and students' freedom in selection of teaching materials are viewed as key elements of the approach. the methodology of the course is worked out on the basis of close teacher-student interactin in and out of class. The results indicate that despite the fact that the course was time-consuming for both teachers and students, there are some positive results in respect of increased proffessional vocabulary range, levels of motivation and cognition.
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Almeida, E. Emanuel, He´lder G. Mendes, and A. Marques Pinho. "Experimental Validation of a CORE Type Power Transformer." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10446.

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The current paper presents the validation of a finite element (FEM) design methodology for a CORE type power transformer. Any new methodology can only be implemented when it generates significant added value. The application of FEM to the design of power transformers leads to lighter, more balanced mechanical structures that are more economical to manufacture. To be sure that the methodology is a good predictor of the stress and strain effectively encountered by the power transformer, it is necessary to measure stress and strain during loading and compare those measurement values with the original FEM predictions. The current paper begins by first presenting the FEM predictions for a CORE type power transformer. Secondly, by means of extensometry, the strains induced in the tank during loading were measured and the stresses present in the tank were estimated from basic stress-strain relationships. The feedback given by the strain measurements served as a validation tool for the FEM design predictions.
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Majerus, J. N., J. A. Jannone, S. P. Lanphear, and D. A. Tenney. "Blending Hierarchical Economic Decision Matrices (EDM) With FE and Stochastic Modeling: I — Methodology and Refining EDM." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/cie-1616.

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Abstract This paper introduces the concept of a three-level hierarchy of economic-decision matrices (EDM) and discusses how finite element (FE) and stochastic modeling can be coupled in decisions on quality control. A disadvantage of the deterministic-engineering approach is that quality control cannot be properly accessed by a corresponding EDM. A five-step design-strategy is outlined and various suggestions associated with these steps are presented in the paper. This design-strategy is then quantified by the consideration of a hypothetical reverse-engineering problem involving a U-shaped bracket with cut-outs and holes. The paper presents the results of numerical experiments (sensitivity study) involving six preliminary variates (Yield Strength, Young’s Modulus, thicknesses, magnitude and phase of the forces, and displacement B.C). The final primary variates are assumed to be governed by a Gaussian distribution, and the methodology of applying the classical Z-statistic method to the FE results are presented.
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Majerus, J. N., R. P. Smith, and S. M. Yao. "Component-Commonality via Hierarchical Orthogonal Arrays and Refining: Economic Decision Matrices." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dac-8574.

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Abstract Component-Commonality implies products using many common parts, desensitized to the range of product applications (defined as noise in this approach), and meeting the functionality objectives of each product. This paper presents a methodology for developing common components and applies it to a sample problem Basically, the methodology involves nine sequential steps. These steps utilize the major concepts of analytical modeling, economic decision matrices (EDM), quality Loss-functions (QLS) for variates and weighted utilities, stochastic models, finite element (FE) simulations for concurrent engineering, and statistical experiments for considering the uncertainty in either application, statistics or managerial decisions. In this paper, the statistical experiments utilize Taguchi’s orthogonal arrays (TOA). The details of these steps are illustrated by application to a problem involving a slider-link subjected to a wide range of noise (inertia/pressure loadings). Six candidate-designs of steel, aluminum and titanium, are generated using an analytical model and a sensitivity study with sequential TOA. These designs are ranked using cost and weight and factor-of-safety with respect to yielding, A Refining EDM with a three part robustness criteria (RC) selected two candidates (best was steel, followed by aluminum) considering Inner noise in the managerial decisions. Verification of the Refining EDM model via a Detailing EDM with a stochastic model and FE simulations is presented in a companion paper.
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Reports on the topic "Economics – Experiments – Methodology"

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Friedman, Shmuel, Jon Wraith, and Dani Or. Geometrical Considerations and Interfacial Processes Affecting Electromagnetic Measurement of Soil Water Content by TDR and Remote Sensing Methods. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580679.bard.

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Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and other in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods for determining the soil water content had become standard in both research and practice in the last two decades. Limitations of existing dielectric methods in some soils, and introduction of new agricultural measurement devices or approaches based on soil dielectric properties mandate improved understanding of the relationship between the measured effective permittivity (dielectric constant) and the soil water content. Mounting evidence indicates that consideration must be given not only to the volume fractions of soil constituents, as most mixing models assume, but also to soil attributes and ambient temperature in order to reduce errors in interpreting measured effective permittivities. The major objective of the present research project was to investigate the effects of the soil geometrical attributes and interfacial processes (bound water) on the effective permittivity of the soil, and to develop a theoretical frame for improved, soil-specific effective permittivity- water content calibration curves, which are based on easily attainable soil properties. After initializing the experimental investigation of the effective permittivity - water content relationship, we realized that the first step for water content determination by the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method, namely, the TDR measurement of the soil effective permittivity still requires standardization and improvement, and we also made more efforts than originally planned towards this objective. The findings of the BARD project, related to these two consequential steps involved in TDR measurement of the soil water content, are expected to improve the accuracy of soil water content determination by existing in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods and to help evaluate new water content sensors based on soil electrical properties. A more precise water content determination is expected to result in reduced irrigation levels, a matter which is beneficial first to American and Israeli farmers, and also to hydrologists and environmentalists dealing with production and assessment of contamination hazards of this progressively more precious natural resource. The improved understanding of the way the soil geometrical attributes affect its effective permittivity is expected to contribute to our understanding and predicting capability of other, related soil transport properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficients of solutes and gas molecules. In addition, to the originally planned research activities we also investigated other related problems and made many contributions of short and longer terms benefits. These efforts include: Developing a method and a special TDR probe for using TDR systems to determine also the soil's matric potential; Developing a methodology for utilizing the thermodielectric effect, namely, the variation of the soil's effective permittivity with temperature, to evaluate its specific surface area; Developing a simple method for characterizing particle shape by measuring the repose angle of a granular material avalanching in water; Measurements and characterization of the pore scale, saturation degree - dependent anisotropy factor for electrical and hydraulic conductivities; Studying the dielectric properties of cereal grains towards improved determination of their water content. A reliable evaluation of the soil textural attributes (e.g. the specific surface area mentioned above) and its water content is essential for intensive irrigation and fertilization processes and within extensive precision agriculture management. The findings of the present research project are expected to improve the determination of cereal grain water content by on-line dielectric methods. A precise evaluation of grain water content is essential for pricing and evaluation of drying-before-storage requirements, issues involving energy savings and commercial aspects of major economic importance to the American agriculture. The results and methodologies developed within the above mentioned side studies are expected to be beneficial to also other industrial and environmental practices requiring the water content determination and characterization of granular materials.
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