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Marcarelli, Gabriella, and Andrea Nappi. "Multicriteria approach to select the most economically advantageous tender." Journal of Public Procurement 19, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 201–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-05-2018-0020.
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Purpose This paper aims to show how the proposed approach (two analytic hierarchy process [AHP] models) may allow dealing with the best tender selection process in an organic and simple way and ensure the consistency check of the judgements, the necessary step for having reliable results. At first, this paper highlights some critical issues regarding the weighted sum model (WSM) and the algorithms frequently used to evaluate the most economic advantageous tender. Then, it proposes to extend the AHP approach to the evaluation of both the qualitative and quantitative components of a public procurement award. Finally, the WSM and the AHP are applied to the same case study to show, step by step, some criticisms of the former and some advantages of the latter. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes to apply two AHP models to evaluate both qualitative and quantitative components of a public tender. The quality and cost models allow to identify and select the tender associated with the highest quality/cost ratio. Findings The assessment of the WSM and the AHP models, and some differences between them, build upon their application as an example of public procurement. A case study is used as a teaching device (Yin, 2003) to highlight why the AHP may provide different results. In particular, an important issue concerning the evaluation of qualitative requirements is explored: the consistency of judgements expressed by the committee members. Social implications This approach provides analytical tools for public management that allow appropriate implementation of their management function and allow a realisation of the strategic objectives of European Union law and Italian legislation on public procurement. It would help managers to prioritise their goals and criteria and evaluate them in a scientific way. The model integrates multiple qualitative and quantitative criteria, simplifies the selection process, achieves optimal use of funds and leads to cost savings. It allows to reduce the discretional power of both the contracting issuer, in the choice of the formula to adopt for calculating the coefficients, and the committee members, allowing tender evaluation to have more trust and ensure the fairness of public procurement matters and quality of the object purchased. Originality/value This paper proposes the use of two hierarchical models to evaluate qualitative and quantitative requirements and provide the ranking among several tenders.
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ONISHI, Tomoki, Kazuaki MIYAMOTO, and Takashi GOSO. "CALIBRATION OF PRICE AND QUALITY POINTS IN MOST ECONOMICALLY ADVANTAGEOUS TENDER." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. F4 (Construction and Management) 78, no. 1 (2022): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejcm.78.1_70.
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Parikka-Alhola, Katriina, and Ari Nissinen. "Environmental impacts and the most economically advantageous tender in public procurement." Journal of Public Procurement 12, no. 1 (March 2012): 43–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-12-01-2012-b002.
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Stilger, Przemyslaw S., Jan Siderius, and Erik M. Van Raaij. "A comparative study of formulas for choosing the economically most advantageous tender." Journal of Public Procurement 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 89–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-17-01-2017-b004.
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Choosing the best bid is a central step in any tendering process. If the award criterion is the economically most advantageous tender (EMAT), this involves scoring bids on price and quality and ranking them. Scores are calculated using a bid evaluation formula that takes as inputs price and quality, and their respective weights. The choice of formula critically affects which bid wins. We study 38 such formulas and discuss several of their aspects, such as how much the outcome of a tender depends on which formula is being used, relative versus absolute scoring, ranking paradox, iso-utility curves, protection against a winner with an extremely high price, and how a formula reflects the weights of price and quality. Based on these analyses, we summarize the (dis)advantages and risks of certain formulas and provide associated warnings when applying certain formulas in practice.
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Lehtonen, Juha-Matti, and Kai Virtanen. "Choosing the most economically advantageous tender using a multi-criteria decision analysis approach." Journal of Public Procurement 22, no. 2 (March 10, 2022): 164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-06-2021-0040.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose and test a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach based on an additive value function (AVF) to select the most economically advantageous tender under European Union public procurement regulations. Design/methodology/approach A case study in which the AVF tender evaluation model is constructed by the procurement personnel and the results of the original, real-life public procurement evaluation model are compared to those discovered by the MCDA approach. Findings The AVF model captures the preferences of the procurement authority in a more reliable and transparent manner than commonly used evaluation models based on scoring formulas. Practical implications While commonly used in public procurement, relative scoring formulas can neither present the preferences of a procurement unit accurately nor do they enable bidders to draft bids according to these preferences. The proposed MCDA approach can achieve both. Originality/value The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, the successful construction of the AVF model with procurement personnel is introduced. Second, the model is used in an actual, real-life case. Third, a thoughtful comparison of features, structures and results of the AVF model and the evaluation model using scoring formulas is presented.
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Lahdenperä, Pertti. "Determining ‘the most economically advantageous tender’ based on capability and fee-percentage criteria." Journal of Public Procurement 13, no. 4 (March 2013): 409–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-13-04-2013-b001.
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ONISHI, Tomoki, and Kazuaki MIYAMOTO. "ISSUES OF ECONOMICALLY MOST ADVANTAGEOUS TENDER IN PROCURING PFI PROJECTS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. F4 (Construction and Management) 73, no. 4 (2017): I_76—I_87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejcm.73.i_76.
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Perng, Yeng-Horng, Yi-Kai Juan, and Sheng-Fen Chien. "Exploring the Bidding Situation for Economically Most Advantageous Tender Projects Using a Bidding Game." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 132, no. 10 (October 2006): 1037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2006)132:10(1037).
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Nemec, Peter, and Peter Džupka. "DETERMINANTS OF SME ACCESS TO PUBLIC PROCUREMENT: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES." Proceedings of CBU in Economics and Business 2 (October 24, 2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/peb.v2.257.
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This article aims to investigate the factors influencing the success of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in public procurement in the Visegrad Group Countries. According to the European Union, tools such as the division of contracts into smaller lots or the evaluation of tenders based on the most economically advantageous tender (MEAT) increase the chances of SME’s winning contracts in public procurement. In particular, the evaluation of tenders based on MEAT rather than the lowest price is a tool favoring SMEs, as it boosts their innovative potential, which creates the preconditions for achieving the best value for taxpayers' money. By analyzing more than 150,000 contract award notices published in the Tenders Electronic Daily in 2019, we found a positive effect on SMEs' chances of winning a contract when using framework agreements or dividing contracts into smaller lots. Moreover, the results of multinomial logit regression suggest that the evaluation of tenders based on MEAT rather than lowest prices increases the chances of SMEs to win the contract by more than 50%. However, the findings that the share of SMEs in the total financial value of contracts is less than 20%, with SMEs winning more than 60% of all contracts, suggest that some obstacles of SMEs' access to public contracts, such as financial, administrative or technical complexity of projects may persist and require further research.
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Pellegrini, Laura, Mirko Locatelli, Silvia Meschini, Giulia Pattini, Elena Seghezzi, Lavinia Chiara Tagliabue, and Giuseppe Martino Di Giuda. "Information Modelling Management and Green Public Procurement for Waste Management and Environmental Renovation of Brownfields." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (August 1, 2021): 8585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158585.
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Information Modelling and Management (IMM) methods for Most Economically Advantageous Tender (MEAT) can promote the adoption of environmentally sustainable practices. Despite the wide regulatory framework and existing drivers, Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) trends are still growing. The literature review analyzed IMM and CDW management implementation during design phases although few studies focused on Green Public Procurement (GPP) and CDW management integration from the Public Client’s point of view. This research aims at investigating the integration and efficiency of MEAT and IMM to promote the application of sustainable strategies focused on waste reduction and resource valorization. The study investigates the Public Client’s role in promoting sustainable practices, introducing digital material inventory and BIM during the design phases, and including environmental award criteria in the call for tender documents. A Design Build (DB) procurement model was considered in the case study of a brownfield renovation and the construction of a new school in northern Italy. The methodology provided the Public Client and included a method to evaluate the environmental impact of the bids, allowing for proper selective demolition planning, CDW decrease, and organization while promoting their integration in companies’ expertise and procedures. The replicability of the methodology is demonstrated by positive results of present and previous case studies.
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Marović, Ivan, Monika Perić, and Tomaš Hanak. "A Multi-Criteria Decision Support Concept for Selecting the Optimal Contractor." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041660.
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A way to minimize uncertainty and achieve the best possible project performance in construction project management can be achieved during the procurement process, which involves selecting an optimal contractor according to “the most economically advantageous tender.” As resources are limited, decision-makers are often pulled apart by conflicting demands coming from various stakeholders. The challenge of addressing them at the same time can be modelled as a multi-criteria decision-making problem. The aim of this paper is to show that the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) together with PROMETHEE could cope with such a problem. As a result of their synergy, a decision support concept for selecting the optimal contractor (DSC-CONT) is proposed that: (a) allows the incorporation of opposing stakeholders’ demands; (b) increases the transparency of decision-making and the consistency of the decision-making process; (c) enhances the legitimacy of the final outcome; and (d) is a scientific approach with great potential for application to similar decision-making problems where sustainable decisions are needed.
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Zaporozhets, S., Yu Zhezherun, P. Zeleny, V. Kolesnyk, D. Britov, and M. Zaets. "TRANSFORMATION OF THE DEFENSE PROCUREMENT SYSTEM UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE NEEDS OF THE STATE OF MARTIAL." Випробування та сертифікація, no. 2(2) (December 27, 2023): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/ts.02.2023.10.
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The article is devoted to the study of the basic institutional and methodological foundations of the functioning of the defense procurement system during the period of the legal regime of martial law. An analysis of the changes in the regulatory and legal support for defense procurement, which took place during the time of Ukraine's independence, was carried out.
The algorithm of defense procurement during the period of martial law is schematically depicted and systematized by groups of its main participants - state customers. At the same time, their position within the boundaries of defense, security, information and economic components in the field of defense procurement is substantiated.
The parameters of the implementation of the procedure for the implementation of the applicable types of defense procurement are summarized, the specifics of the implementation of individual stages of the defense procurement process are specified. It was found that in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, three actions of defense procurement are used: closed procurement, bidding with limited participation and simplified bidding with the use of an electronic procurement system.
The evaluation of the most economically advantageous tender offer is automatically most often carried out by the electronic procurement system and is based on taking into account individual criteria (price, life cycle cost, etc.) and the evaluation methodology specified by the customer in the tender documentation. As a rule, the most economically advantageous offer is considered to be either the only one submitted or the one whose price / quoted price will be the lowest.
The authors identified problematic issues of defense procurement, which made it possible to substantiate a number of important characteristic features of the transformed national system of defense procurement, appropriate for implementation in the conditions of the formation of an increased level of national security risk. Under such conditions, the transformed system of defense procurement should have the following characteristics: quality of provision, completeness of provision, structural organization, competitive orientation, redistribution efficiency, quality management, investment attractiveness, innovative development, international integration, competitiveness, priority integration, synergy of system, adaptability, interoperability. This will make it possible to increase the level of efficiency of the defense procurement system under the conditions of implementation of anti-corruption measures and activation of digital transformation processes.
Therefore, reforming the defense procurement system is a complex and long-term process that requires the participation of all interested parties. An important step in this direction, among others, is the improvement of procedures for monitoring the execution of state defense procurements.
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Džupka, Peter, Matúš Kubák, and Peter Nemec. "Sustainable Public Procurement in Central European Countries. Can It Also Bring Savings?" Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 6, 2020): 9241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219241.
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The efficiency of public resource use and its strategic framework with respect to sustainable public procurement policies, such as the most economically advantageous tender (hereafter MEAT), has become an important topic nowadays. Therefore, the study examines the determinants of savings creation within MEAT in Central European countries. It uses a dataset published in the Tenders Electronic Daily database in 2017–2018 about contract award notices and carries out a generalized linear model to study the determinants of savings creation within MEAT. The findings suggest that when services are procured within MEAT, the savings are considerably higher than compared to works. If the framework agreement takes place in a procurement process, the savings are significantly smaller. In cases where the subject of procurement is not co-financed by EU funds, the savings are higher than in the case that they are. If an open type of procurement is used, the savings are seemingly smaller than in cases where a non-open type of procurement takes place. When the contract is awarded to a single supplier, the savings are higher than otherwise. A higher number of total offers, as well as a higher number of offers from small and medium-sized enterprises, induce higher savings. It can be concluded that the use of sustainable public procurement subtly reduces the creation of savings.
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Mimović, Predrag, and Ana Krstić. "Application of Multi-Criteria Analysis in the Public Procurement Process Optimization." Economic Themes 54, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-2016-0006.
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AbstractOne of the key steps in the implementation of a public procurement process is the criteria selection that are associated with the bidders, which are intended to ensure that bidders will be able to meet the requirements from the contract. Implicitly, the criteria selection includes their evaluation in situations when the criterion of the lowest price is not applied, but instead the criterion of the most economically advantageous tender. The aim of the paper is to show that decision-makers in the public sector can use multi-criteria analysis for the efficient and fair public procurement process implementation and the establishment of objective conditions for the contract awarding in accordance with the general social interests. In this sense, the paper presents a comparative approach to the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Analytic Network Process as the methods of support in decision making, measurement and evaluation criteria for the selection of the best bids in the procurement process. Hierarchical model with five criteria and nine sub-criteria and the network model, which takes into account the mutual influences of criteria, were developed in a hypothetical public procurement selection procedure for the best performers for the construction of the infrastructure facility. Selection of the best bidder, i.e. bids for the realization of the work, is distinctive, multi-criteria problem which includes both qualitative and quantitative factors.
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Sorte Junior, Waldemiro Francisco. "Pursuing ways to improve the Brazilian procurement system: a comparison between the framework agreements in the United Kingdom and the Brazilian price registration system." Journal of Public Procurement 22, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-04-2020-0029.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conduct a literature review on framework agreements, an instrument for demand aggregation adopted in the UK, to recommend improvements to the price registration system (SRP), a mechanism often used with reverse online auctions in Brazil envisaged to promote more flexibility in centralized tenders, allowing public bodies to establish contracts when the need arises, based on registered prices. Design/methodology/approach A literature review was undertaken to analyze the UK framework agreement approach and the Brazilian SRP. In addition, in-depth interviews with civil servants from the Brazilian Ministry of Economy were conducted to examine the SRP. Findings The experience with framework agreements in the UK reveals at least four ways to improve the Brazilian SRP: i) extending the legal maximum duration of a price registration minute (ARP) ; ii) allowing the registration of additional suppliers in the ARP, instead of only the first lowest bidder; iii) conducting mini-competitions when a contracting authority decides to use the ARP to enter into a contract; and iv) including additional criteria for awarding suppliers, in line with the most economically advantageous tender (MEAT) approach. Social implications The flow of government financial resources into procurement accounted for approximately 16.5% of gross domestic product in Brazil and for an average of 12% in OECD countries in 2017 (OECD, 2019: 135). Public procurement is a strategic function for enabling an efficient public services delivery and infrastructure deployment. It is, therefore, relevant to examine instruments of demand aggregation to improve the outcomes of public procurement. Originality/value Framework agreements are currently not used in Brazil. This paper examines the UK experience with framework agreements to propose potential improvements to the Brazilian SRP, a procurement instrument vastly used in the country.
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Cardarelli, A., I. Baffo, S. Ubertini, and M. Barbanera. "Using Life Cycle Assessment in tenders to enhance the sustainable procurement of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2385, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012100.
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Abstract Green Public Procurement (GPP) is a policy instrument to decrease the environmental impact of products and services and create environmental value for society. A new method for assessing environmental award criteria in GPP processes was developed to integrate environmental and economic criteria into public tenders for External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS). The main objective of this study was to identify the effect that the inclusion of environmental impacts can have on decision-making in public procurement. At this scope, an environmental benchmark for the main phases of the supply chain (production, installation and disposal) of ETICS that use different insulating materials, including EPS and mineral wool, was defined for different Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) impact categories after a detailed literature review. Then the monetisation method of the externalities was applied to combine the environmental impacts and the direct costs associated with the manufacture of the ETICS system by obtaining a single score for the selection of the best bid from the environmental and economic point of view. This methodology was implemented in a spreadsheet and a case study was analysed as a practical application of the tool developed for the determination of the global index. The case study simulated a tender in which three contractors provided their bid for an ETICS system. The overall investigation of the results obtained in the case study showed that the environmental externalities have a rather limited incidence compared to direct costs (between 0.8 and 10%). However, even if the lower direct costs were provided by contractor 1 (87.72 €/m2) in comparison to contractor 2 (87.80 €/m2) and contractor 3 (92.74 €/m2), the slightly higher environmental impacts caused the costs to rise. The most environmentally and economically advantageous bid was then provided by contractor 2, for which the global index was the lowest for each monetisation method applied. For all the impact categories considered, the production stage (A1-A3) represents the most significant contribution. The thermal insulation material and the finishing coat provide the greatest contribution to the environmental impact. The tool was designed to improve the knowledge of the economic and environmental performances of ETICS systems, which might be also used by public administrations to define minimum environmental requirements and maximum specific costs when preparing tenders for the energy requalification of buildings.
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Batmaev, Maksim M. "Из истории калмыцкой повседневности. Кочевание в XVIII в." Oriental studies 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2023-66-2-313-324.
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Goals. The article examines previously unpublished archival materials for an insight into 18th-century nomadic practices and routes of the Kalmyks. Results. The paper shows that the latter were controlled and systematized during the period under consideration. The total nomadic area was extensive and reached outskirts of Samara and Syzran in the north, and the Kuma River in the south. The bulk of Kalmyk communities tended to move longitudinally. However, there were some exceptions. A number of uluses were constantly occupying certain areas, although practicing somewhat micro-migrations over short distances. The era under review witnessed clashes, hostile relations — both among Kalmyks proper and with neighboring Russian groups — that resulted from claims to certain pasture territories. The articles stresses the 18th century was characterized by mass Russian population inflows to the Lower Volga and the Pre-Caucasus, which inevitably led to reductions of Kalmyk-inhabited lands. Moreover, it must be noted that the migrants tended to seize most economically advantageous lands. At the same time, both ethnic elites and government executives were seeking to settle the turbulent relationships. From the historical perspective, it was sedentarization and intensification of agriculture that could serve a way out for the Kalmyks, but in the 18th century the need was not yet that obvious.
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Wenne, Roman. "Microsatellites as Molecular Markers with Applications in Exploitation and Conservation of Aquatic Animal Populations." Genes 14, no. 4 (March 27, 2023): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14040808.
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A large number of species and taxa has been studied for genetic polymorphism. Microsatellites have been known as hypervariable neutral molecular markers with the highest resolution power in comparison with any other markers. However, the discovery of a new type of molecular marker—single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has put the existing applications of microsatellites to the test. To ensure good resolution power in studies of populations and individuals, a number of microsatellite loci from 14 to 20 was often used, which corresponds to about 200 independent alleles. Recently, these numbers have tended to be increased by the application of genomic sequencing of expressed sequence tags (ESTs), and the choice of the most informative loci for genotyping depends on the aims of research. Examples of successful applications of microsatellite molecular markers in aquaculture, fisheries, and conservation genetics in comparison with SNPs have been summarized in this review. Microsatellites can be considered superior markers in such topics as kinship and parentage analysis in cultured and natural populations, the assessment of gynogenesis, androgenesis and ploidization. Microsatellites can be coupled with SNPs for mapping QTL. Microsatellites will continue to be used in research on genetic diversity in cultured stocks, and also in natural populations as an economically advantageous genotyping technique.
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Pysmenna, Mariia, Nataliia Pohribna, and Maryna Kalnytska. "ASSESSMENT SYSTEM OF THE PUBLIC PROCUREMENT EFFICIENCY." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 5 (February 8, 2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-5-136-144.
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The purpose of the paper is to set out the in-depth study of how the public procurement performance can be determined through a system that considers the criteria for determining the best (ideal) supplier and the main elements of the assessment of tenders. In order to achieve the goals of the article the following tasks were set: 1) to analyze the development of scientific opinion in the field of public procurement performance assessment; 2) to provide the author’s methodology for determining the criteria of the best (ideal) supplier; 3) to structure the elements of the public procurement procedures assessment system based on the criteria for selecting the best supplier. The paper addresses the need to achieve public spending efficiency by improving the public procurement assessment procedures to determine the best (ideal) provider. Methodology. The study is based on a careful analysis of the criteria for assessing the public procurement effectiveness under the evolution of scientific thought and practice of their implementation. Scientific literature expresses different and opposite views on the criteria, methods of assessment of the public procurement effectiveness by the functioning of customers. Limited research has been identified in the assessment of the procurement proposals at the stage of tendering and determining the best supplier. Results. The paper proposes a system for assessment of the most economically advantageous public procurement offer, taking into account the criterion of selecting the best supplier. This approach involves the unity of five stages of the procurement performance assessment. The characteristics of sequential execution of the assessment in five stages are given as follows: establishment of criteria for the ideal participant of public procurement, development of observations matrices for characteristics of the public procurement participants offers, determination of the vector-standard characteristics of the most economically advantageous proposal, calculation of distances between the characteristics values of the individual participants’ offers and the ideal public procurement offer, the ranking of public procurement bidders, the economic advantage of the offer and the choice of its greatest advantage. The paper provides an opportunity to focus on a systematic approach to determining the public procurement effectiveness. This valuation approach provides a deeper justification for the choice of the procurement vendor, which allows expecting higher procurement performance. Practical implications. The assessment system for public procurement offers, including five stages of the use of procurement performance criteria, can be used by experts to determine the best supplier, regardless of the procurement regulation terms, as its elements provide a comprehensive description of the price and non-price criteria to achieve the effectiveness of procurement procedures. Value/originality. The paper suggests that the selection of public procurement performance indicators to be made within a criteria system based on the selection of the best (ideal) procurement provider. The authors presented their own vision of the components of the public procurement performance assessment system.
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Szołno, Olga, and Renata Kwiatkowska. "Procedura selekcji projektów unijnych – ocena i możliwości zastosowania w zamówieniach publicznych." Optimum. Economic Studies, no. 3(113) (2023): 200–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/oes.2023.03.113.12.
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Purpose – The main objective of the study is a multi‑faceted assessment of the process of obtaining EU funds by enterprises and the identification of the possibility of their use in other areas where public entities participate in the project selection process. Research method – To achieve the goal, a targeted review of literature, legal acts, and analysis of documentation of the Regional Operational Program for the Lubelskie Voivodeship for 2014–2020 (RPO LV 2014–2020) were carried out. In addition, individual and unstructured group interviews were conducted, and the method of analysis and logical construction was used. Results – The revealed features of the EU project selection process and the identified possibilities of its adaptation in the area of public procurement for innovations confirm its usefulness as a tool to stimulate sustainable development. Originality/value/implications/recommendations – The study presents an original approach to the evaluation of the selection procedure for projects financed from EU funds, which is carried out to be verified in terms of usefulness in other projects. The postulate of using the procedure in public procurement for innovations formulated in the article is in line with the postulates made by the European Union in the field of quality and innovation in public procurement and the selection of the most economically advantageous tenders instead of those with the lowest price.
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Lundberg, Sofia, and Mats A. Bergman. "Tendering design when price and quality is uncertain." International Journal of Public Sector Management 30, no. 4 (May 8, 2017): 310–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-04-2016-0063.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze how local and central authorities choose between lowest price and more complex scoring rules when they design supplier-selection mechanisms for public procurements. Five hypotheses are tested: a high level of cost uncertainty and highly non-verifiable quality makes the use of the lowest-price supplier-selection method less likely. Organizational habits and transaction-cost considerations influence the choice of mechanism. Strong quality concerns make complex rules more likely. Design/methodology/approach The analysis departures from normative theory (rational choice) and is based on the regression analysis and survey data comprising a gross sample of 40 contracting authorities and detailed information about 651 procurements. Findings More complex scoring rules are used more often when the authority is uncertain about costs and about delivered quality. Authority effects are also found to directly and indirectly influence the choice of supplier-selection method, suggesting that tendering design is partly driven by local habits and institutional inertia. Practical implications The authors argue that, from a normative point of view, lowest price is an adequate method when the degree of uncertainty is low, for example, because the procured products are standardized and since quality can be verified. When there is significant cost uncertainty, it is better to use the so-called economically most advantageous tender (EMAT) method. (Preferably this should be done by assigning monetary values to different quality levels.) If there is significant uncertainty concerning delivered quality, the contracting authority should retain a degree of discretion, so as to be able to reward good-quality performance in observable but non-verifiable quality dimensions; options to extend the contract and subjective assessments of quality are two possibilities. The main findings are that EMAT and more complex scoring rules are used more often when the contracting authorities report that they experience substantial uncertainty concerning delivered quality and actual costs and that these factors tend to decrease the weight given to price, in line with the predictions. However, the authors also find that this result is mainly driven by variations between authorities, rather than by between-products variation for the same authority. This is from a training of professionals and regulation perspective of policy relevance. Social implications Contract allocation based on habits rather than rational ground could implicate the waste of resources (tax payers money) as it adventures the matching of the preferences of the public sector (the objective, subject matter, of the procurement) and what the potential supplier offers in its tender. Originality/value Although the principles for supplier selection are regulated by law they give the contracting authority substantial freedom in designing the scoring rule and in choosing what quality criteria to use. The tension between different objectives and the more general question whether the choices made by authorities reflect rational decision making or institutional inertia together motivate the current study. While the design of the supplier-selection mechanism is an important consideration in procurement practice, it has attracted relatively little attention from the academic community.
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Hurova, A. M., and V. K. Malolitneva. "Institutional and legal model for public procurement of products of Earth observation in Ukraine." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 27, no. 3 (July 2021): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2021.03.093.
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The article explores the mechanism of public procurement in the sphere of providing the remote sensing services to public entities. Authors emphasize on the benefits of the centralized procurement of remotely sensed data that will lead to cost savings of state funds through the avoidance of duplicate purchases. Authors give special consideration to the difference in products obtained within the Earth observation (EO) process, the purchase of which can be carried out according to different procedures, as well as the duality of the status of the National Center for the Management and Testing of Space Facilities (NCMTSF) as a supplier and intermediary in public procurement legal relations. It is determined that NCMTSF as a centralized procurement organization will collect requests from contracting authorities (public consumers) for remote sensing services, analyze them for the possibility of satisfying it with products from the existing own fund or the need to purchase remote sensing data. It is argued that in case of impossibility to provide relevant services from the available resources of the remote sensing fund, but economic feasibility of purchasing raw remote sensing data, considering the consolidated application of public consumers, NCMTSF will act as a centralized procurement organization. It is emphasized that, unlike other centralized procurement organizations, the procurement contract with the winner of the procurement will be concluded by NCMTSF. NCMTSF will provide free of charge public authorities, enterprises, institutions, and organizations with raw data information products which were purchased at the expense of state budget according to their requests. It is suggested that in case of impossibility and economic inefficiency of providing data processing services, NCMTSF as a centralized procurement organization organizes procurement in the interests of public consumers. The procurement contract is concluded between the public consumer and the winner of the procurement. That is, in this case, the NCMTSF performs an intermediary function of procurement organization, which can professionally qualify the participants and determine the most economically advantageous tender. In addition, several procedures have been discovered that will unify suppliers’ offers according to contracting authorities’ technical requirements and optimize budget spending, that was based on an analysis of domestic legislation on public procurement and models for the procurement of remote sensing products in space states such as the USA, Australia and India. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the implementation of multi-use supplier list as prequalification system for potential economic operators of remote sensing services.
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Hocquette, J. F., R. Botreau, I. Legrand, R. Polkinghorne, D. W. Pethick, M. Lherm, B. Picard, M. Doreau, and E. M. C. Terlouw. "Win–win strategies for high beef quality, consumer satisfaction, and farm efficiency, low environmental impacts and improved animal welfare." Animal Production Science 54, no. 10 (2014): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14210.
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Meat quality includes intrinsic qualities (the characteristics of the product itself) and extrinsic qualities (e.g. animal health and welfare, environmental impacts, price). There is still a high level of variability in beef palatability, which induces consumer dissatisfaction. We also observe a general trend towards an increasing importance of healthiness and safety (intrinsic) and environmental issues and animal welfare (extrinsic). Most grading systems describe carcasses using only animal traits (e.g. weight, conformation, fatness, animal age and sex). In North American and Asian countries, emphasis has been put on maturity and marbling. The European system is mainly based on yield estimation. The Meat Standards Australia grading scheme, which predicts beef palatability for each cut, proved to be effective in predicting beef palatability in many other countries. Some genetic markers are available to improve beef quality. In addition, gene and protein expression profiling of the bovine muscle revealed that the expression level of many genes and the abundance of many proteins may be potential indicators of muscle mass, tenderness, flavour or marbling of meat. The integration of all these parameters is likely to predict better beef palatability. The integration of extrinsic qualities in the prediction model increases the difficulty of achieving a global evaluation of overall meat quality. For instance, with respect to environmental issues, each feeding system has its own advantages and disadvantages. Despite this, win–win strategies have been identified. For example, animals that were less stressed at slaughter also produced more tender meat, and in some studies the most economically efficient farms had the lowest environmental impact. In other cases, there are trade-offs among and between intrinsic and extrinsic qualities. In any case, the combination of the different integrative approaches appears promising to improve the prediction of overall beef quality. A relevant combination of indicators related to sensory and nutritional quality, social and environmental considerations (such as e.g. carbon footprint, animal welfare, grassland biodiversity, rural development) and economic efficiency (income of farmers and of other stakeholders of the supply chain, etc.) will allow the prediction of the overall quality of beef mainly for consumers but also for any stakeholder in the supply chain.
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Cavaliere, Arturo, Francesco Saverio Mennini, Marcello Pani, Paolo Gennaro Torrico, and Salvatore Torrisi. "[Measurement-Based Procurement Approach for Biosimilars in Italy: A Position Paper]." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 24, no. 1S (March 29, 2023): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v24i1s.1544.
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The full potential of biosimilars has not been achieved yet, and this document has been written with the aim of methodizing an effective and measurable procurement system that ensures wider, simplified, and economically sustainable access of biosimilars to patients. The economic and financial sustainability generated by the increased use of biosimilars for the benefit of patients and society has been estimated and confirmed in several observational studies and probabilistic projections conducted in Europe. Despite differences in procurement policies, significant reductions in spending for some biosimilars have been recorded in several European countries between 2015 and 2018 compared with the period preceding the patent’s expiry. An accurate evaluation of the economic outcomes resulting from an extended use of biosimilars has also been conducted in Italy, with the settled purpose of calculating the combined effects that various biosimilars with patent expired have generated and will generate in terms of overall spending reduction. Even with the limitations typically associated with probabilistic models, it is also evident that an expanded use of biosimilars is an effective tool to govern the expenditure and channel resources to support the intrinsic balance of the health system (i.e., sustainability) or to ensure the introduction of innovative drugs or diagnostic procedures (i.e., accessibility). The economic sustainability of the health system must also be achieved through the maintenance of a competitive procurement system. This requires a serious reconsideration of the purchasing criteria. The principle of competitiveness can contribute to the governance, containment, reduction or streamlining of public expenditure on biosimilars, but it is appropriate to establish which factors can feed and support a lawful competition, actually. Competition merely based on price reduction between biosimilar and biosimilar, excluding, undervaluing, or taking for granted that between originator and biosimilar, leads to a price erosion and this condition could have unpredictable and undesirable consequences. The market must have its own balance to be of interest to manufacturing companies and ensure the competitiveness. In the field of biosimilars, as in other areas, the need to move from purchasing criteria based on cost exclusively to those based on overall economic benefit by combining price with quality is generally shared. This approach allows for a balanced competition on multiple parameters and above all enables the best service to be provided to patients and the National Health Service. Hence, what are the quality criteria to be considered in relation to price? The areas relevant to the procurement code regulations, the determination of needs, the technical-market knowledge, the encoding of quality criteria, and their specific parameterization to the contingent dynamics of the market must certainly be identified and examined: this is what the present document aims to do. The intention is to provide a guide that can facilitate the implementation of tenders awardable by evaluating the economically most advantageous offer and that will enable us to measure the effect of a “new” procurement system, comparing the differences between what is recorded now and what is detected in the phase following the introduction of quality-price ratio-based tenders for biosimilars in Italy. In conclusion, through the joint work of specialists and experts in the sector, this Position Paper identifies the quality criteria for evaluating biosimilars and proposes a technical specification based on identified criteria, so as to provide central purchasing bodies and institutional payers with a strategy for the actual implementation both at regional and national level of a procurement method focusing on the quality-price ratio.The full potential of biosimilars has not been achieved yet, and this document has been written with the aim of methodizing an effective and measurable procurement system that ensures wider, simplified, and economically sustainable access of biosimilars to patients. The economic and financial sustainability generated by the increased use of biosimilars for the benefit of patients and society has been estimated and confirmed in several observational studies and probabilistic projections conducted in Europe. Despite differences in procurement policies, significant reductions in spending for some biosimilars have been recorded in several European countries between 2015 and 2018 compared with the period preceding the patent’s expiry. An accurate evaluation of the economic outcomes resulting from an extended use of biosimilars has also been conducted in Italy, with the settled purpose of calculating the combined effects that various biosimilars with patent expired have generated and will generate in terms of overall spending reduction. Even with the limitations typically associated with probabilistic models, it is also evident that an expanded use of biosimilars is an effective tool to govern the expenditure and channel resources to support the intrinsic balance of the health system (i.e., sustainability) or to ensure the introduction of innovative drugs or diagnostic procedures (i.e., accessibility). The economic sustainability of the health system must also be achieved through the maintenance of a competitive procurement system. This requires a serious reconsideration of the purchasing criteria. The principle of competitiveness can contribute to the governance, containment, reduction or streamlining of public expenditure on biosimilars, but it is appropriate to establish which factors can feed and support a lawful competition, actually. Competition merely based on price reduction between biosimilar and biosimilar, excluding, undervaluing, or taking for granted that between originator and biosimilar, leads to a price erosion and this condition could have unpredictable and undesirable consequences. The market must have its own balance to be of interest to manufacturing companies and ensure the competitiveness. In the field of biosimilars, as in other areas, the need to move from purchasing criteria based on cost exclusively to those based on overall economic benefit by combining price with quality is generally shared. This approach allows for a balanced competition on multiple parameters and above all enables the best service to be provided to patients and the National Health Service. Hence, what are the quality criteria to be considered in relation to price? The areas relevant to the procurement code regulations, the determination of needs, the technical-market knowledge, the encoding of quality criteria, and their specific parameterization to the contingent dynamics of the market must certainly be identified and examined: this is what the present document aims to do. The intention is to provide a guide that can facilitate the implementation of tenders awardable by evaluating the economically most advantageous offer and that will enable us to measure the effect of a “new” procurement system, comparing the differences between what is recorded now and what is detected in the phase following the introduction of quality-price ratio-based tenders for biosimilars in Italy. In conclusion, through the joint work of specialists and experts in the sector, this Position Paper identifies the quality criteria for evaluating biosimilars and proposes a technical specification based on identified criteria, so as to provide central purchasing bodies and institutional payers with a strategy for the actual implementation both at regional and national level of a procurement method focusing on the quality-price ratio.
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Tsai, Hsiuyu, Lungchang Wang, and Leekuo Lin. "A study on improving the ranking procedure for determining the most advantageous tender." Construction Management and Economics 25, no. 5 (May 2007): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446190601139925.
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Grujić, Bojan. "Nadmetanje kao način zaključenja ugovora o građenju." Pravo i privreda 61, no. 2 (June 10, 2023): 601–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55836/pip_23218a.
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Paper analyses bidding as a method of formation of Construction Contract. After preliminary notes, in first part of the paper the author analyses fundamental characteristics of the bidding in general and makes reference to the most important sources of law in this area. Second part of the paper deals with the procedure of bidding, which can usually be divided in four stages. In preliminary stage the Employer shall choose the method of Project execution and organises drafting of the tender documents. In second stage, the Employer invites potential Tenderers to participate in bidding and provides them with tender documents. In third stage, the Employer evaluates capacities and qualifications of (potential) Tenderers and collects their bids. In fourth stage, the Employer evaluates bids and awards the Contract to the most advantageous Tenderer. Finally, author analyses precontractual liability arising out of bidding procedures.
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Keršuliene, Violeta. "POSSIBILITIES OF CLIENTS AND CONTRACTOR'S DISPUTES SETTLEMENT AT THE PRETRIAL STAGE." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2007): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13928619.2007.9637787.
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The article analyses, by using economic methods, the probable behaviour of construction process parties during a dispute settlement. With the use of optimism (or differing perceptions) and asymmetric information models an attempt is made to determine the most economically advantageous behavioural pattern for both parties at the pretrial stage and analyses social value of a litigation dispute.
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Mikhnevich, E. I., and Zeming Li. "Optimization of Main Canal Parameters in the Area of Hydraulically Most Advantageous Sections." Science & Technique 22, no. 3 (June 6, 2023): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2023-22-3-208-215.
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The main canals of reclamation systems, along with the best economic performance, must also meet the requirements for connecting the conductive network in the vertical plane and the technology for the construction of the channel. Although the channels of the hydraulically most advantageous profile are the most economical un terms of excavation volume, often turn out to be too deep and of small width along the bottom, which does not meet the specified requirements. All these factors can be taken into account by slightly reducing the water flow velocity u (compared to the velocity in the channel with the most hydraulically advantageous cross section uh.a.), which leads to a significant decrease in the channel depth and, accordingly, an increase in the width of the channel along the bottom. Such a decrease in velocity is economically justified (without a significant increase in the cross-sectional area) in the region of the most hydraulically advantageous sections, where the curve of the function h = f(u) sharply increases and asymptotically approaches the ordinate with the maximum possible velocity uh.a. This area can be approximately characterized by the values of the velocity u = (0.95–1.0)uh.a. For the convenience of calculation, the formula obtained earlier by the author for the channel depth of the hydraulically most advantageous profile has been converted to a simpler form. An analytical method is proposed for calculating the optimal parameters of the channel section, located in the area of the most hydraulically advantageous sections, which is characterized by the optimization coefficient Kopt = u/uh.a, varying within Kopt. = 0.95–1.0. In this area, the cross section of the channel differs slightly from the most hydraulically advantageous profile, and, at the same time, satisfies the requirements for conjugation of the conductive network in the vertical plane and the conditions of work. The proposed calculation method is less laborious and is applicable in a wide range of changes pertaining to exponent y in the formula of N. N. Pavlovsky to determine the Chezy’s coefficient. The calculation according to the proposed method is performed based on the use of dependencies to determine the characteristics of the most hydraulically advantageous section and the formulas of channel hydraulics (with a slight gradual decrease in the water flow rate u). Formulas are obtained for determining the depth and width of the channel along the bottom at various values of velocity.
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Zhang, Fengge, Xiaoming Cai, Limeng Jin, Guojun Yang, Zongxiu Luo, Lei Bian, Zhaoqun Li, et al. "Activity Patterns, Population Dynamics, and Spatial Distribution of the Stick Tea Thrips, Dendrothrips minowai, in Tea Plantations." Insects 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14020152.
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The stick tea thrips, D. minowai Priesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is one of the most economically significant thrips pests of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze.) in China. Here, we sampled D. minowai in tea plantations from 2019 to 2022 to characterize its activity patterns, population dynamics, and spatial distribution. A large proportion of D. minowai individuals were caught in traps placed at heights ranging from 5 cm below to 25 cm above the position of tender leaves at the top of the tea plant, and the greatest number of individuals were captured at a height of 10 cm from the position of tender leaves at the top of the tea plant. Thrips were most abundant from 10:00 to 16:00 h in the spring and from 06:00 to 10:00 h and from 16:00 to 20:00 h on sunny days in the summer. The spatial distribution of D. minowai females and nymphs was aggregated on leaves according to Taylor’s power law (females: R2 = 0.92, b = 1.69 > 1; nymphs: R2 = 0.91, b = 2.29 > 1) and Lloyd’s patchiness index (females and nymphs: C > 1, Ca > 0, I > 0, M*/m > 1). The D. minowai population was dominated by females, and male density increased in June. Adult thrips overwintered on the bottom leaves, and they were most abundant from April to June and from August to October. Our findings will aid efforts to control D. minowai populations.
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Grzyl, Beata, Magdalena Apollo, Emilia Miszewska-Urbańska, and Adam Kristowski. "The criteria for evaluation and selection the best tender applied by the authorities in Poland and selected EU countries." MATEC Web of Conferences 219 (2018): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821904006.
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The aim of the regulation in EU countries concerning public procurement is to ensure efficient spending of funds by evaluating and choosing the most advantageous offer. The aim of the conducted research is to determine the extent the Polish contracting entities benefit from the possibility of broad selection of various criteria for tender evaluation. On the basis of the analysis of 500 notices on work procedures conducted in the third quarter of 2016 - the third quarter of 2017 in open and restricted tenders in Poland and 500 tenders in open and restricted proceedings in five selected EU countries, the authors compared and classified of applied the practical criteria to evaluate and select the best offer. In order to collect the information presented in the article, the authors applied the documentary method using domestic and foreign literature regarding the subject and official publications.
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Akinfala, E. O., and O. Matanmi. "Sustainable utilisation of cassava plant for feeding monogastric animals." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200021086.
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Nigeria, which produces an estimated 34 million metric tons of cassava annually, is the leading producer of cassava world-wide (FAO, 2004a). There have been several studies by many scientists on the use of cassava for livestock feeding. Most of these studies centred on the use of either flour or peels or leaves. Besides, most of these studies confirmed the suitability of cassava flour to replace maize partially or wholly in the diets of all species of livestock. The replacement of maize with cassava flour was reported to be economical. These findings appeared to have been over taken by events and recently in Nigeria, cassava has been attracting interest as an industrial crop having found various uses in the starch, pharmaceutical, bread, and biscuit industries. This has made the price of cassava flour to be on the increase. Based on the high cost of cassava flour, its use to replace maize is becoming unattractive economically. As a result of this, attempt was made to reduce the flour content in the diets of monogastric animals considerably by adding more of peels, leaves, and tender-stems. Most of these by products from cassava especially peel, leaves, and tender-stems are under-utilised as they are often left to rot away after harvest on farms and homesteads where cassava is grown in Nigeria. Hence, the objective of these studies was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of various products and by products obtainable from cassava in a single or composite diet on the performance of monogastric animals.
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Shumiya Alam, Mohammad Yeasin Newaj Khan, Akash Das, Md Rashedul Hassan Koushik, Md Riaz Ahmad Shuvo, and Tanmoy Das. "Impact of green technologies on the production of hydrogen in a sustainable manner." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 10, no. 1 (September 30, 2023): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.10.1.0716.
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In many countries, hydrogen (H2) is viewed as a crucial indicator of substitute energy resources and a gateway to a future of sustainable energy resources. An environmentally friendly substitute for fossil fuels now utilized in the general transportation industry might be hydrogen. Our research aims to establish that creating H2 from bio-mass qualifies as a green technology. Three methods can be used to create hydrogen from biomass. Our major focus must be concentrated on maximizing shift conversions and reforming, as well as on obtaining the most hydrogen economically possible from Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA). This research reveals that biomass may be used to manufacture hydrogen. The most advantageous economics are found in the pyrolysis-based technology, specifically because of its coproduct potential.
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Cunliffe, Bruce A., Mary Hockenberry Meyer, and Peter D. Ascher. "Propagation of Pennisetum setaceum ‘Rubrum’ from Cuttings." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-19.1.1.
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Abstract The effect of rooting medium, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and node position were studied on rooting of tender purple fountaingrass, Pennisetum setaceum ‘Rubrum’. Three-hundred single-node culm cuttings were placed in a mist house in sand, peat, vermiculite, perlite, or a peat:perlite (1:1 by vol) mix. Within 42 days, 78% of the cuttings rooted, with the highest number of cuttings rooting in the peat or perlite media and the lowest number in the vermiculite medium. Cuttings from the most proximal node exhibited a significantly higher percentage of rooting and produced more roots than cuttings from more distal nodes. Rooting medium and nodal position of cutting interacted to affect root dry weight. IBA had no significant effect on rooting. Propagation of purple fountaingrass from culm cuttings offers an economically-attractive alternative to the conventional method of crown division.
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Singh, Subham, DP Singh, Brijesh Kumar Maurya, Braj Kishor, Himanshu Singh, and Nirankar . "Effect of organic and inorganic source of nutrient on growth, yield and quality attributes of okra seed cv. Kashi Pragati." Vegetable Science 50, no. 01 (August 21, 2023): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.61180/vegsci.2023.v50.i1.18.
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Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] is an economically important vegetable crop belonging to the Malvaceae family grown in sub-tropical and tropical parts of the world. It originated in tropical Africa, also known as lady’s finger or bhindi. Because of its richness in nutrition, taste, medicinal and industrial value, okra is one of the most popular vegetables in all sections of people (Harisha et al. 2021). The fruits are harvested at tender stage and consumed as a vegetable. Okra usually required 90-100 days for complete the production cycle. Okra can be cultivated in Kharif and Rabi in both seasons. All parts of okra fresh leaves, buds, flowers, pods, stems and seeds can be used for different purposes; hence, it is a multipurpose crop in terms of its uses (Gemede et al. 2015; Maurya and Yadav 2021).
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Arulselvan, N., and N. Muthukumaran. "Induction of Resistance by Organic and Micro Nutrients against Bhendi Shoot and Fruit Borer Earias vittella Fab." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, no. 12 (June 21, 2023): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i123531.
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Bhendi Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench), is an economically and largely cultivated vegetable crop in India. Bhendi is susceptible to the attack of various insects from seedling to fruiting stage. Bhendi shoot and fruit borer, E. vittella is most serious pests which cause direct damage to tender shoots and fruits. The present study was undertaken to analyses the role of organic and micro nutrients in enhancing insect resistance in the selected bhendi accessions. With regard to the influence of organic nutrients on the feeding preference of E. vittella, plants supplied with vermicompost was less preferred. With regard to the influence of micronutrients on resistance in bhendi accessions, manganese applied plants recorded the minimum damage caused by E. vittella larvae in fruit feeding preference tests. The data these obtained by various experiments conducted were statistically using factorial randomized block design (FRBD).
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Babica, Viktorija, and Deniss Sceulovs. "Public Procurement of Innovation: Selection of the Sustainable Alternative." Economics and Business 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2019-0017.
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Abstract The European Union has been highly emphasising the role of public procurement for innovation as a policy instrument that can be used to stimulate sustainable development. This development reflects and responds to improvements in social welfare, growth of entrepreneurship and of national competitive advantage. In the process of selection, the awarding tender public procurement institutions lack an overall approach for choosing the most advantageous and sustainable innovation alternative. To contribute purchasing of innovative solutions, the present paper elaborates a framework of innovation measurement and quality evaluation. Thus, it makes possible to assess proposals from different aspects and to choose the most valuable offer notwithstanding the lowest price criteria. The paper studies the concept of public procurement, its pitfalls and prospects, dimensions of innovation definition and innovation added value assessment. The authors conducted expert interviews, which were analysed using an AHP method in order to set the most appropriate evaluation criteria indicator. The authors also designed the framework for assessing the quantitative and qualitative value of innovation proposals. The proposed approach is based on the analysis of innovation quality, added value, its potential impact and the sustainability of changes it produces.
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Leśniak, Agnieszka, Daniel Kubek, Edyta Plebankiewicz, Krzysztof Zima, and Stanisław Belniak. "Fuzzy AHP Application for Supporting Contractors’ Bidding Decision." Symmetry 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2018): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10110642.
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This paper proposes the author’s model based on the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to improve the efficiency of contractor bidding decisions. The essence of the AHP method is to make pairwise comparisons of available options against all evaluation criteria. The results of these comparisons are recorded in a square matrix in which symmetrical elements are reciprocal. In the expert opinion, a 9-step, bipolar verbal scale was used so that the symmetry of the response was maintained. For contractors from countries where the tendering system is commonly used, the choice of the right tender in which to participate influences their image, financial condition, and their aspiration to succeed. The bid/no bid decision depends on numerous factors associated with the company itself, the environment, and the project concerning the tender. When facing tough competition, contractors search for a solution which increases their chances of winning the tender. The proposed model was based on factors selected by Polish contractors. The original element of the model involves 4 original criteria and 15 sub-criteria for the assessment of investment decision projects to the selection of the most advantageous contract, i.e., the contractor’s participation in the bid. For verbal evaluations describing the criteria, symmetric triangular fuzzy numbers were assigned. The authors performed an extended analysis method combined with FAHP in the model. Fuzzy evaluations underwent elaborate analysis, the aim of which was to specify the synthetic priority weights for each criterion. As a result of the application of the method, to prove that the model works, an example from the Polish construction market was presented in which a bid/no bid decision about four possible tenders was to be taken. Despite the considered example applying to Polish conditions, the proposed model can be used also in other countries. The authors’ rationale is to produce new and more flexible methodologies in order to realistically model a variety of concrete decision problems.
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Grigore, Ion, Andreea Iulia Grigore, Laurentiu-Constantin Vlăduţoiu, Mario Cristea, Elena Sorica, Dragos Dumitru, Florin Sirbu, et al. "Researches on the capitalization of some medicinal plants to obtain essential oils by using the performant innovative installation EUV 2x1000 type." E3S Web of Conferences 112 (2019): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911203012.
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The article includes research on the production of essential oils from medicinal plants by applying water vapour distillation, the method most commonly used for the extraction of essential oils from plants. The results consist of extracting the essential oil from 2 types of medicinal plants: lavender and mint with the help of the EUV installation. The paper highlights the important aspects of obtaining quality products, on economically advantageous terms, addressing both specialists, farmers in larger farms and family associations. The article presents the experimental research results on obtaining essential oils from medicinal plants. Oils obtained by this method contain only volatile components, while wax and volatile resins are not found in the finished product.
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Cuharschii, Mihail, Vitalie Cebanu, and Maria Condur. "Evoluţia viticulturii în Republica Moldova pe parcursul a şapte decenii (1951– 2022)." Pomicultura, Viticultura şi Vinificaţia, no. 1(89) (January 2024): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53082/1857-3142.23.89.04.
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The article presents current data on the development and state of vine plantations in the Republic of Moldova for a long period of time. The cultivation of vines is the traditional and economically advantageous activity of the population of the republic. Of particular interest are the chapters on the cultivation and fertility of vine plantations, varietal agrotechniques and protection against frost, diseases and pests, where the basic problems are the influence of natural factors, the location of plantations on the complicated relief of the republic taking into account biological particuliarities of varieties and clones. Most of the agricultural practices listed and their elements are closely related to human factors, planning and organization of production and others.
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Sahin, Cahit, Murat Tuncer, Ozgur Yazici, Alper Kafkasli, Utku Can, Bilal Eryildirim, Orhan Koca, and Kemal Sarica. "The importance of internet usage for urologic patients." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 86, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2014.4.261.
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Objectives: To evaluate Internet usage frequency, rate of searched diseases and impact of Internet derived data on future patientphysician relationship in patients applying to an Urology Department. Methods: A well prepared questionnaire has been given to 1000 referring cases, out of which 589 accepted to participate on a volunteer basis to a face to face interview. Patients were divided into subgroups with respect to age, gender and as well as their educational and economical status. Regarding Internet, questions inquired the use of Internet, the point of view about it, opinions about healthcare system and most commonly urological diseases searched in Internet. Results: Of 589 patients participating, 38.2% reported access to the Internet; in relation to subgroup analysis of data, there was a statistically significant relationship between the use of Internet and age (p < 0.001), gender (p = 0.048), educational status (p < 0.001) and economical status of (p = 0.002) the cases evaluated. Diseasespecific information was most frequently sought: 18.2% searched for urolithiasis, 14.2% for non-cancer related kidney diseases, and 14.2% for urologic cancers. Conclusions: Younger patients with higher educational status tended to use Internet and the majority of these cases share all these information with their physicians during their visit. These findings indicate that all physicians should consider this fact seriously and make their future plans in the light of internet based activities which provides numerous advantages.
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Jasiczek, Filip, and Dariusz Kwaśniewski. "Analysis of Production Technology of Wood Briquettes, Including Costs and Distribution." Agricultural Engineering 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2020-0004.
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AbstractThe paper analyzes the costs of production of wood sawdust briquettes, manufactured by the company Brykiet-Pol2, based in Goleszów in southern Poland. In addition, production technology, raw material supply and distribution of the finished product were analyzed. The costs of producing one ton of briquettes for the four assessed variants ranged from PLN 364.8 (option D) to PLN 648.7 (option A). The cost structure was dominated by the purchase of raw material and depreciation of the technological line. The most economically advantageous production variant was option C, currently implemented in the company (production costs: PLN 458.7·t−1), and the proposed option D, using two briquetting presses. The latter option increased production efficiency and reduced unit costs of briquette production in a three-shift system around the clock.
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Arantes, Amílcar, and Luís Miguel D. F. Ferreira. "Underlying causes and mitigation measures of delays in construction projects." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 25, no. 2 (February 26, 2020): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-03-2019-0029.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to contribute to the theory and practice of project management in the construction industry by identifying the primary causes and extracting the underlying causes of construction delays and providing recommendations on delay mitigation measures. Design/methodology/approach AA survey was used to identify the importance of 47 causes of delays. The relative importance index was used to rank them, factor analysis was applied to extract the underlying causes and focus group interviews were used for discussion and development of mitigation measures. Findings Six of the ten most important causes are in the top ten universal delays in construction projects. Factor analysis revealed six underlying causes: improper planning, poor consultant performance, inefficient site management, owner influence, bureaucracy and sub-standard contracts. Practical implications The owner/sponsor/client must have adequate engineering and project management skills to be able to evaluate proposals and contractors more accurately, economically and technically. The bidding and contract award process should focus on the most economically advantageous proposal and contracts should provide for mechanisms for managing risks while executing projects. Contractors should select reliable, high-quality subcontractors and suppliers and should have competent site managers. Originality/value This work expands and improves the understanding of the causes of delays in construction projects by providing an empirical study of the causes of delays and respective mitigation measures in Portugal.
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Boccalini, Sara, Angela Bechini, Cecilia Maria Alimenti, Paolo Bonanni, Luisa Galli, and Elena Chiappini. "Assessment of the Clinical and Economic Impact of Different Immunization Protocols of Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella in Internationally Adopted Children." Vaccines 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010060.
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The appropriate immunization of internationally adopted children (IAC) is currently under debate and different approaches have been suggested. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and economic impact of different strategies of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) immunization in IAC in Italy. A decision analysis model was developed to compare three strategies: presumptive immunization, pre-vaccination serotesting and vaccination based on documentation of previous immunization. Main outcomes were the cost of strategy, number of protected IAC, and cost per child protected against MMRV. Moreover, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. The strategy currently recommended in Italy (immunize based on documentation) is less expensive. On the other hand, the pre-vaccination serotesting strategy against MMRV together, improves outcomes with a minimum cost increase, compared with the presumptive immunization strategy and compared with the comparator strategy. From a cost-effectiveness point of view, vaccination based on serotesting results in being the most advantageous strategy compared to presumptive vaccination. By applying a chemiluminescent immunoassay test, the serology strategy resulted to be clinically and economically advantageous. Similar results were obtained excluding children aged <1 year for both serology methods. In conclusion, based on our analyses, considering MMRV vaccine, serotesting strategy appears to be the preferred option in IAC.
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Di-Makungu, Ursil Lelo, Junior-Jackson Bosakelia Lokwa, Jean Bakomito Gambu, and Christian Mbodjima. "Portée et limite du régime juridique du partenariat public-privé en droit positif congolais." Recht in Afrika 26, no. 1 (2023): 84–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2023-1-84.
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Law No. 18–016 of July 09, 2018 (Democratic Republic of Congo) on the private partnership devotes a specific legal regime to the public-private partnership contract, which, being administrative in nature, strictly takes one of four forms: concession, leasing, interested management and the partnership contract. Linked to the country's development challenges, the scope of the Congolese public-private partnership legal system is to be attractive, secure and balanced. Also, and above all, this system guarantees transparency, competition, equality and objectivity in the process of concluding a public-private partnership contract, which must go through a call for tenders. It is advisable, however, to reserve ourselves the effectiveness of the institution of the spontaneous offer insofar as the author of the offer will be subjected to the competition by the procedure of invitation to tender. It does not appear to be advantageous to him, notwithstanding the fact that he benefits from the compensation for costs incurred. The absolute non-retroactivity of the law is worrying. Indeed, without any transitional measure obliging the parties to review the public-private partnership contracts that predate this new legal regime, most of these old contracts that are currently being executed will remain leonine.
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Restovic, Gabriela, Nuria Cuenca, Ferran Rodriguez, Yves Verboven, and Laura Sampietro-Colom. "OP166 How Responsive Is Industry To Value Based Procurement?" International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318001708.
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Introduction:The European Union (EU) directive (2014/24) on public procurement strives to stimulate innovation and seeks for methodologies to implement a quality/cost based approach to search for the most economically advantageous tendering (MEAT). MedTech Europe launched the MEAT value-based-procurement (VBP) framework and tool which considers product's value from different perspectives/dimensions. Results from the first EU pilot, testing the feasibility to use the MEAT framework at a university hospital, are presented.Methods:The framework and tool were tested using two types of technologies: high volume (underpads, diapers) and highly specialized (transcatheter aortic valve implantation). Companies were invited to participate following standard procurement rules. For each dimension, criteria, metrics and weights were defined, using multidisciplinary hospital teams. In parallel, companies were asked to do the same. Product performance scores were obtained from companies’ information. Challenges to implement MEAT in real life were identified through face-to-face meetings.Results:The process was well perceived by companies and hospital. Nevertheless, the level of information provided by companies was heterogeneous (quantity and quality). A match in the cost and outcome criteria was observed between hospital and companies; but relative weights assigned differed. Value propositions and robustness of information provided by companies varied across technologies and size of companies. Implementing the MEAT VBP framework and tool need extra time and knowledge.Conclusions:MEAT VBP value technologies ahead of price, leading to the most economic advantageous purchasing. Nevertheless its implementation in real life is limited.
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Mojsov, Kiro, Aco Janevski, Darko Andronikov, Sonja Jordeva, Saška Golomeova, Stevan Gaber, and Ivan Ignjatov. "Production and application of glucose oxidase enzyme in textile technology." Tekstilna industrija 69, no. 1 (2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2101021m.
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Biotechnology is an ecological advantageous and moreover economically beneficial technology. The most established application of biotechnology in textiles has been in the field of enzymatic pretreatment. Glucose oxidase (GOD) catalyse the oxidation of b-D-glucose into gluconic acid by utilizing molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor with a simultaneous production of hydrogen peroxide (HP). Glucose oxidases are commercially gaining a lot of attention in textile technology. In an enzymatic pretreatment, the textile substrate is less damaged when compared to a classical pretreatment. Enzymatic pre-treatments of cellulose fabrics often save large amounts of raw materials, chemicals, energy and water. Bleaching with glucose oxidase thus represents an economic and ecological potential when compared to the classical process with added hydrogen peroxide. This review represents the basic properties and production of glucose oxidases and their applications in textile technology.
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Chambers, B., C. A. Pickles, and J. G. Peacey. "Thermodynamic Analysis of the Sulphation Roasting of Enargite Concentrates." High Temperature Materials and Processes 31, no. 4-5 (October 30, 2012): 613–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2012-0099.
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AbstractThe mining industry is under increasing pressure to assess the extraction of value from complex copper ores, such as those containing enargite (Cu3AsS4), due to the rising demand for copper and gold. A sulphation roast, weak acid leach, and electrowinning process flowsheet has been studied to address the treatment of copper concentrates containing significant amounts of enargite. Copper is recovered from the calcine by acid leaching, with most of the arsenic being fixed in the leach residue after gold extraction by cyanidation. The relative simplicity of roasting combined with proven hydrometallurgical technologies has the potential to be economically advantageous and readily scaled for commercial operation. Based on a proposed reaction mechanism, a thermodynamic analysis has been performed using HSC Chemistry® 6.1 in order to establish an operating window and assess the overall potential feasibility of the proposed flowsheet.
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Starzyńska, Wacława, and Mateusz Hałka. "The Most Economically Advantageous Offer in the Light of the Last Amendment of Public Procurement Law on the Example of Protection Services." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H, Oeconomia 49, no. 4 (December 18, 2015): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2015.49.4.539.
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Kalaitzidou, Kyriaki, Andreas‐Arsenios Nikoletopoulos, Loukas Bakouros, Anastasios Zouboulis, and Manassis Mitrakas. "Selenite Removal from Water." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1 (August 13, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2020002023.
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The present study aims at comparing the two most promising water treatment technologies for selenium removal. A techno‐economical comparison of Se(IV) uptake between the laboratory synthesized iron oxy hydroxide (FeOOH/2.5) with the highest positive surface density of 3.25 mmol [OH−]/g and adsorption capacity 4.3 μg Se(IV)/mg FeOOH/2.5 at pH 7, and coagulation/precipitation with the use of Fe(III) presenting an uptake capacity 3.2 μg Se(IV)/mg Fe was attempted based on the laboratory scale results. The evaluation showed that coagulation/precipitation treatment appears to be economically advantageous in comparison to adsorption process that was applied in Rapid Small Scale Column Tests (RSSCTs) with the FeOOH/2.5. It must be pointed out that for selection of the optimum removal method, other criteria should also be considered, such as post treatment requirements, water flow, labor cost, and maintenance requirements.
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Cheng, Min-Yuan, Shu-Hua Yeh, and Woei-Chyi Chang. "Multi-Criteria Decision Making of Contractor Selection in Mass Rapid Transit Station Development Using Bayesian Fuzzy Prospect Model." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 4606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114606.
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In Taiwan, the most advantageous tender in governmental procurement is the selection of a general contractor based on a score or ranking evaluated by a committee. Due to personal, subjective preferences, the contractor selection of committee members may be different, causing cognitive difference between the results of the members’ selection and the preliminary opinions provided by the working group. Integrated, multi-criteria decision making techniques, combined with preference relation, Bayesian, fuzzy utility, and prospect theories are used to assess factors weighing up the duration/cost/quality, probability of external information, and utility function system. The paper proposes a Bayesian fuzzy prospect model for group decision making, based on probability and utility multiplied relation, and taking the sustainable development factors into consideration. This study aims to provide committees with an objective model to select the best contractor for public construction projects. The results of this study can avoid the lowest bidder being selected; besides, the score gap of contractor selection can be increased, and the difference between the top three contractors’ scores can be decreased as well. In addition to proposing an innovative decision-making system of contractor selection and an index weight-assessing system for sustainable development, this model will be widely applied and sustainably updated for other cases.