Academic literature on the topic 'Economically driven building trade'
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Journal articles on the topic "Economically driven building trade"
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Le, Thi-Thu-Huong, Hyoeun Kang, and Howon Kim. "Towards Incompressible Laminar Flow Estimation Based on Interpolated Feature Generation and Deep Learning." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 22, 2022): 11996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141911996.
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For industrial design and the improvement of fluid flow simulations, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers offer practical functions and conveniences. However, because iterative simulations demand lengthy computation times and a considerable amount of memory for sophisticated calculations, CFD solvers are not economically viable. Such limitations are overcome by CFD data-driven learning models based on neural networks, which lower the trade-off between accurate simulation performance and model complexity. Deep neural networks (DNNs) or convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are good illustrations of deep learning-based CFD models for fluid flow modeling. However, improving the accuracy of fluid flow reconstruction or estimation in these earlier methods is crucial. Based on interpolated feature data generation and a deep U-Net learning model, this work suggests a rapid laminar flow prediction model for inference of Naiver–Stokes solutions. The simulated dataset consists of 2D obstacles in various positions and orientations, including cylinders, triangles, rectangles, and pentagons. The accuracy of estimating velocities and pressure fields with minimal relative errors can be improved using this cutting-edge technique in training and testing procedures. Tasks involving CFD design and optimization should benefit from the experimental findings.
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Chen, Peng, Hanwen Wang, Mingxing Guo, Jianjun Wang, Sinan Cai, Min Li, Kaining Sun, and Yukun Wang. "Decomposition Analysis of Regional Embodied Carbon Flow and Driving Factors—Taking Shanghai as an Example." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 11109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141711109.
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Developing localized climate mitigation strategies requires understanding how national consumption drives local carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from a sectoral perspective. Exploring the carbon footprint considering inter-provincial trade is vitally important; however, few studies have explored the production side of embodied carbon emissions and the drivers of embodied carbon. Here, we use the multi-regional input–output model to calculate the flow of embodied carbon between provincial departments on Shanghai’s production side in 2012, 2015, and 2017. We also establish a decomposition method for the embodied carbon index with small data demand. Our results show that from 2012 to 2017, the outflow increased and went to tertiary industries in neighboring and economically developed provinces. Among them, the activity effect drove the increase in carbon emissions, and the technique effect drove the reduction in embodied carbon. Surprisingly, we found that the low efficiency of the energy utilization of metal products and the unreasonable structure of other services increased embodied carbon emissions from 2012 to 2015. Sectors with high exogenous embodied carbon emissions are critical areas in which collaborative mitigation efforts between Shanghai and downstream provinces drive these emissions. Shanghai should avoid falling into the “low-carbon trap” of developing countries. It should continue to adjust its industrial structure and increase the use of low-carbon energy to achieve carbon reduction.
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Zhao, Haipeng, K. Bliumska-Danko, and Xu Lu. "Under the “Belt and Road” initiative, the China and Ukraine governments should assume greater responsibility to promote trade." Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University, no. 3(81) (September 30, 2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.2019.3.6.
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Purpose: Ukraine is located in Eastern Europe, has a good geographical location, and has good bilateral relations and traditional economic exchanges with China, especially agriculture, high-tech, and existing and ongoing cooperation projects with China. "There are also difficulties in construction: Ukraine's economy has been in a difficult period since independence, its economic structure is very uneven, and its economic relations with Eastern European and CIS countries, as well as Russian economic relations, need to be improved. Ukraine needs to restore its national strength. China's "Belt and Road" initiative and the diplomatic concept of building a community of shared future for mankind have determined that the Chinese government is willing to help Ukraine restore its strength and restore normal political, economic, and diplomatic relations with neighboring countries. It will benefit the people through the improvement of the national economy This article aims to analyze how the two sides can use the "Belt and Road" platform to develop economic relations and strengthen cooperation to achieve mutual benefit results.
Methodology: This article uses the literature research method, the combination of analysis and synthesis methods, observation method, investigation method.
Originality: Since the Soviet Union, Ukraine has started friendly exchanges with China. After the founding of New China in 1949, Ukraine, as a part of the Soviet Union, made a greater contribution to China establishment of its national steel, machinery, agriculture and other basic industries. After Ukraine's independence, China-Ukraine relations have entered a new stage. China was the first country to recognize Ukraine's independence and established diplomatic relations with it on January 4, 1992. In the past 30 years of Ukraine's independence, the two countries have not had any conflicts of interest and no serious political and economic contradictions. The "Belt and Road" initiative proposed by Xi Jinping in 2013 provided a new platform for bilateral relations and created unprecedented opportunities for the development of bilateral relations. In the "Belt and Road" construction, Ukraine should play a greater role.
Practical value: Participating in the "Belt and Road" construction is also a very important opportunity for Ukraine, helping the Chinese people to have a more comprehensive and clearer understanding of Ukraine, and more importantly, it is conducive to the trade between the two countries to bring more Ukrainian enterprises Trade exchanges to drive the economic development of Ukraine. Politically, Ukraine and China have good bilateral relations；On June 20, 2011, the two sides signed the "China-Ukraine Joint Partnership on the Establishment and Development of Strategic Partnerships. Economically, Ukraine and China have complementary economies. Economic exchanges have been established since the Soviet Union. In recent years, the existing and ongoing cooperation between Ukraine and China has continued to develop in high-tech fields such as agriculture, machine manufacturing, and aviation. More and more Ukrainian experts have pointed out that developing relations between Ukraine and China should become a priority direction of Ukraine's current foreign policy. Ukraine has a strong advantage in agriculture, military industry, and manufacturing, especially the engine manufacturing industry, and can develop machine manufacturing; Ukraine can provide transportation for China “Belt and Road” Convenient conditions.
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Tan, Jason. "Singapore’s “Global Schoolhouse” Aspirations." International Higher Education, no. 87 (September 1, 2016): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2016.87.9501.
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Singapore’s Trade and Industry Ministry announced an ambitious ‘global schoolhouse’ vision in 2002. This vision, which was clearly economically-driven in nature, involved Singapore capturing a share of the lucrative international education market by attracting 150,000 international full-fee paying students by the year 2015. Fourteen years down the road, it appears that the target is nowhere near attainment.
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Friman, Aino, and Nina Hyytiä. "The Economic and Welfare Effects of Food Waste Reduction on a Food-Production-Driven Rural Region." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 19, 2022): 3632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063632.
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Food waste is economically and ecologically unsustainable; the benefits of food waste reduction are indisputable. Yet knowledge of the economic trade-offs and knock-on effects of such reduction is deficient. This study examines the economic effects of food waste reduction in a rural region that is a nationally important producer of agricultural and food products in Finland. We built a detailed social accounting matrix to trace the transactions among the economic agents. Five different simulations of food waste reduction were run by applying a computable general equilibrium model. In the simulations, households and food services halved their food waste. The results indicated that food waste reduction is economically worthwhile in terms of regional investments and gross domestic product at market prices. However, the reduction induced economic trade-offs and welfare redistribution. The value added to the agriculture and food industries and the welfare of agricultural households decreased, albeit that the simulated compensations alleviated the effects. In the long run, falling agricultural wages and factor incomes entail closedowns and, finally, decrease local food production. This aspect is worth considering in terms of policy planning under the principle of just transition of the European Green Deal.
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Sokas, Rosemary K., Xiuwen Sue Dong, and Chris Trahan Cain. "Building a Sustainable Construction Workforce." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 30, 2019): 4202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214202.
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The average U.S. construction worker is aged 42.6 years, and will not be eligible for full Social Security retirement benefits until age 67. Delayed retirement is largely driven by economic need, but construction workers face considerable challenges in remaining on the job. This study explores trade-specific age trends within the construction industry, and the experiences of building trade unions with aging membership. A mixed-methods approach used trade-specific age statistics from the Current Population Survey and key informant interviews with labor leaders, in order to identify union experiences and interventions. Mean and median ages for all subgroups in construction increased from 2003 to 2017. Immigrant construction workers were significantly younger than workers who were born in the U.S. (41 vs. 43, p < 0.001). Union workers were older than non-union workers (42 vs. 39 in 2017, p < 0.001); the age differential between self-employed and wage-and-salary workers was wide (49 vs. 40, p < 0.001). Union leaders described barriers, such as age discrimination and the loss of previously available light tasks, as well as current and potential solutions through union contract language requiring the inclusion of older workers, or establishing limits for lifting. Other solutions included career pathways for training and safety, with their attendant limitations; mentoring/pairing opportunities with apprentices; and the potential opportunities and training needs for site management positions.
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Palmtag, Tabea, Tobias Rommel, and Stefanie Walter. "International Trade and Public Protest: Evidence from Russian Regions." International Studies Quarterly 64, no. 4 (October 2, 2020): 939–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaa073.
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Abstract How does economic globalization influence domestic political stability? Building on innovations in trade theory, we argue that international trade amplifies political discontent and protest in contexts in which trade losers concentrate, but has a pacifying effect in contexts dominated by beneficiaries of free trade. We examine this argument focusing on variation in Russian regions. Using negative binomial regression models on data from 2007 to 2012, we show that regional education levels condition the effect of trade intensity on protest frequency. High exposure to trade leads to more protests in regions with low average education levels, but fewer protests in regions in which residents are well-educated. Probing the underlying mechanism, we find that the effect of trade on regional economic welfare is conditioned by education levels, that poorly educated Russians face more economic difficulties when they live in regions exposed to trade, and that economically aggrieved individuals participate more in protests.
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Shaffer, Gregory. "Trade Law in a Data-Driven Economy: The Need for Modesty and Resilience." World Trade Review 20, no. 3 (April 14, 2021): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745621000069.
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AbstractThis article examines the social challenges posed by the data-driven economy, their implications for international trade law, the current trade negotiating context involving distinct models advanced by the United States, European Union, and China, and a way forward that can both enhance trade and regulatory efficacy. It examines seven interrelated risks. They are the rise of ‘winner-take-all’ companies; social control through public and private surveillance; social polarization; premature deindustrialization; national security threats; cybersecurity risks; and threats to personal privacy. In response to these risks, the article contends that trade agreements should be deferential to national regulation, while supporting mechanisms for regulatory learning and adaptation. In this spirit, the article advances a governance framework that goes beyond ‘liberalization' and that foregrounds the importance of building resilience and engaging in regulatory problem solving.
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Jradi, Muhyiddine. "The trade-off between deep energy retrofit and improving building intelligence in a university building." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 18002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017218002.
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In the last three decades, deep energy retrofit measures have been the standard option to improve the existing Danish building stock performance, with conventional techniques including envelope constructions insulation, windows change and lights replacement. While such techniques have demonstrated large technical and economic benefits, they may not be the optimal solution for every building retrofit case. With the advancement in the field of smart buildings and building automation systems, new energy performance improvement measures have emerged aiming to enhance the building intelligence quotient. In this paper, a technical evaluation and assessment of the trade-off between implementing deep energy retrofit techniques and improving building intelligence measures is provided. The assessment is driven by energy simulations of a detailed dynamic energy performance model developed in EnergyPlus. A 2500 m2 university building in Denmark is considered as a case study, where a holistic energy model was developed and calibrated using actual data. Different performance improvement measures are implemented and assessed. Standard deep energy retrofit measures are considered, where the building intelligence improvement measures are in compliance with the European Standard EN 15232 recommendations. The overall assessment and evaluation results will serve as recommendations aiding the decision to retrofit the building and improve the performance.
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Marchi, Lia, Ernesto Antonini, and Stefano Politi. "Green Building Rating Systems (GBRSs)." Encyclopedia 1, no. 4 (September 26, 2021): 998–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1040076.
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Green Building Rating Systems (GBRSs) are typically third-party, voluntary, and market driven standards that measure buildings’ sustainability level by multi-criteria assessment, and encourage the adoption of environmentally, socially and economically sustainable practices in design, construction and operation of buildings (or neighborhoods). GBRSs aim at guiding and assessing the project throughout all its life cycle, thus limiting the negative impact on the environment, as well as on the building occupants’ health and well-being, and even reducing operational costs. Hundreds of GBRSs are now available worldwide, varying in approaches, application processes, and evaluation metrics. BREEAM, CASBEE, Green Star and LEED are among the most applied worldwide. Despite some differences, they all adhere to the same general evaluation structure: project performances ares measured using a set of relevant indicators, grouped per topics such as water management, energy use, materials, site qualities. Each assessed requirement is assigned a score/judgment, the total of which determines the level of sustainability achieved. In addition to regular updates, a current trend is to improve the effectiveness of protocols, making them more comprehensive and accurate, while keeping them easy to use.
Books on the topic "Economically driven building trade"
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Schreiter, Katrin. Designing One Nation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877279.001.0001.
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The histories of East and West Germany traditionally emphasize the Cold War rivalries between the communist and capitalist nations. Yet, even as the countries diverged in their political directions, they had to create new ways of working together economically. This book examines the material culture of increasing economic contacts in divided Germany from the 1940s until the 1990s. Trade events, such as fairs and product shows, became one of the few venues for sustained links and knowledge between the two countries after the building of the Berlin Wall. The book uses industrial design, epitomized by the furniture industry, to show how a network of politicians, entrepreneurs, and cultural brokers attempted to nationally re-inscribe their production cultures, define a postwar German identity, and regain economic stability and political influence in postwar Europe. What started as a competition for ideological superiority between East and West Germany quickly turned into a shared, politically legitimizing quest for an untainted post-fascist modernity. This work follows products from the drawing board into the homes of ordinary Germans to offer insights into how converging visions of German industrial modernity created shared expectations about economic progress and living standards. The book reveals how intra-German and European trade policies drove the creation of products and generated a certain convergence of East and West German taste by the 1980s.
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Cheng, Christine. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199673346.003.0009.
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After war, rebuilding the state’s presence—or building it up for the first time—is both a physical and social endeavor requiring new norms of compliance and cooperation. Local authority is deeply contested and the state typically has minimal presence. These conditions are akin to those described in the state of nature. To escape these conditions, Hobbes and Locke argued for the necessity of a sovereign to impose order and impartial justice to form what I call the kernel of the state. Extralegal groups orient societies in that direction by performing a set of visible and hidden functions in contemporary post-conflict environments. But they are not intentionally state-making. Rather, extralegal groups are driven by the need to create a stable trading environment and state-making is a by-product of this imperative. In the contemporary era, the motivation that drives extralegal groups to begin state-making is trade, not war.
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Cheng, Christine. Extralegal Groups in Post-Conflict Liberia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199673346.001.0001.
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In the aftermath of the Liberian civil war, groups of ex-combatants took control of natural resource enclaves. With some of them threatening a return to war, these groups were widely viewed as the most significant threats to Liberia’s hard-won peace. Building on fieldwork and socio-historical analysis, this study shows how extralegal groups emerge as a product of livelihood strategies and the political economy of war. It analyzes the trajectory of extralegal groups in three sectors of the Liberian economy: rubber, diamonds, and timber. The findings offer a counterpoint to the prevailing narrative, arguing that extralegal groups have a dual nature and should be viewed as accidental statebuilders driven to provide basic governance goods in order to create a stable commercial environment. These groups do not seek to rule; they provide governance because they need to trade—not as an end in itself. This leads to the book’s broader argument: it is trade, rather than war, that drives contemporary statebuilding. In areas where the state is weak and political authority is contested, where the rule of law is corrupt and government distrust runs deep, extralegal groups can provide order and dispute resolution, forming the basic kernel of the state. Extralegal groups also perform a series of hidden governance functions that establish public norms of compliance and cooperation with local populations. This sheds new light on how we understand violent nonstate actors, allowing us to view them as part of an evolutionary process of state-making, rather than simply as national security threats.
Book chapters on the topic "Economically driven building trade"
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Schlegel, Christian, Alex Lotz, Matthias Lutz, and Dennis Stampfer. "Composition, Separation of Roles and Model-Driven Approaches as Enabler of a Robotics Software Ecosystem." In Software Engineering for Robotics, 53–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66494-7_3.
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AbstractSuccessful engineering principles for building software systems rely on the separation of concerns for mastering complexity. However, just working on different concerns of a system in a collaborative way is not good enough for economically feasible tailored solutions. A successful approach for this is the composition of complex systems out of commodity building blocks. These come as is and can be represented as blocks with ports via data sheets. Data sheets are models and allow a proper selection and configuration as well as the prediction of the behavior of a building block in a specific context. This chapter explains how model-driven approaches can be used to support separation of roles and composition for robotics software systems. The models, open-source tools, open-source robotics software components and fully deployable robotics software systems shape a robotics software ecosystem.
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Lynn, Theo, Pierangelo Rosati, Edel Conway, Declan Curran, Grace Fox, and Colm O’Gorman. "Digital Education." In Digital Towns, 133–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91247-5_7.
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AbstractEducation plays an essential role in transferring social norms and building human capital. There is widespread enthusiasm for the adoption and integration of digital technologies in education. This digitalisation of education has become a pillar of education policy worldwide, driven by growing optimism that such a policy approach can bestow a wide range of potential benefits to economies and society as a whole. Unfortunately, despite this optimism, digital inequalities remain in education—with these inequalities impacting the most vulnerable in society, including those who are socio-economically disadvantaged and/or residing in rural areas. Robust measurement of digital technologies in education is critical for informing policy and action, as well as for monitoring progress. This chapter defines digital education and discusses the rationales, benefits and challenges in integrating digital technologies in education. It concludes with an overview of existing international indicators for measuring digital technology in education.
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Severs, Jeffrey. "Dei Gratia." In David Foster Wallace's Balancing Books, 88–134. Columbia University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231179447.003.0004.
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Wallace’s masterpiece is an encyclopedia of transactions, values, and methods of valuation, documenting its subtle engagements with the economically topical (NAFTA’s neoliberal definition of “free trade,” for instance) and the culturally embedded (ongoing perversions of the Protestant work ethic, which this chapter links to Wallace’s readings of Pynchon and Gaddis). Wallace leads us to see viewers of the title Entertainment – and their more thoroughly examined analogues, drug and alcohol addicts – as economic agents seeking a return of value that has been utterly compromised, resulting in conditions of slavery that Wallace interprets, as he did in Broom and “Westward,” through Hegel’s “Lordship and Bondage.” With these terms in place, I revisit AA scenes that have driven interpretations focused on sincerity and irony and show these moments’ structuring term to be value. Often noted for his generative exceptionality in Wallace’s cast of characters, Don Gately comes to his distinctiveness, I argue, through a relationship to work and to the uncannily rewritten coinage in which he receives “payment.” Building on Wallace’s annotations of Lewis Hyde’s The Gift as well as a cut passage on pennies’ “weird inverse value” that I draw from the Infinite Jest manuscripts, I link Gately’s initials to the abbreviation for Dei Gratia – “By the Grace of God” – found on British coins, thus recalibrating readings of the novel’s religiosity and Wallace’s relationship to contingent structures.
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Alexandra Christina, Countess of Frederiksborg, and Timothy L. Fort. "Building on Good Decisions with Authenticity and Sincerity." In The Sincerity Edge. Stanford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804797450.003.0006.
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This chapter engages the reader with anecdote, showing that sincerity is both crucial for good, sustainable business conduct and that business conduct itself is most trustworthy--and most economically efficacious--if the conduct is driven by authentic values. Exploring beyond specific decisions and conduct, this chapter looks at examples of corporate culture, showing the ways in which culture is a crucial determinant for values-driven leadership. Extensive, empirical literature is discussed and synthesized according to the framework already articulated.
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Rickman, Wendy, and Cheryl Wiedmaier. "A History of Distance Education." In Cases on Building Quality Distance Delivery Programs, 1–12. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-111-9.ch001.
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Flash-forward to today’s world of instant-access in a technology driven society, where distance education has grown in viability and become a business. Whether provided via a traditional, land-based university or college to earn a formal degree, to complete professional development, or to seek additional certification, or by a for-profit organization or corporation to train their employees and advance their workers’ skills, people can access a well-developed range of educational services through distance education to better their lives and livelihoods regardless of the physical separation between themselves and the sponsoring institution. The main difference between distance education’s beginnings and today’s educational services is the medium used to conduct learning. The postal services may still be used as a secondary mode of communication and print is still a constant technologic tool, but the expanding success of distance education can be attributed to providing education that 1) spans great distances between citizens and educational institutions, both geographically and socio-economically; 2) quenches the thirst for education; and 3) utilizes the rapid advancement of technology (Casey, 2008).
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"Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference." In Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference, edited by Abigail J. Lynch, T. Douglas Beard, Anthony Cox, Ziga Zarnic, Sui C. Phang, Caroline C. Arantes, Randell Brummett, et al. American Fisheries Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9789251092637.ch17.
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<em>Abstract</em> .—Water availability is driven by external forces, including climate change and human population growth. Inland fisheries are one of many social and economically important sectors that utilize inland waters. Increasingly, the competition for water leads to tough decisions and trade-offs are often made between water resource sectors. However, decisions that consider multiple sectors can lead to synergies in management approaches (i.e., win–win scenarios), which benefit multiple sectors. Ultimately, in searching for sustainable solutions for fish, these ecologically and socially responsible approaches can contribute to improved health, well-being, and prosperity for all water resource sectors.
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"Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference." In Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference, edited by Abigail J. Lynch, T. Douglas Beard, Anthony Cox, Ziga Zarnic, Sui C. Phang, Caroline C. Arantes, Randell Brummett, et al. American Fisheries Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9789251092637.ch17.
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<em>Abstract</em> .—Water availability is driven by external forces, including climate change and human population growth. Inland fisheries are one of many social and economically important sectors that utilize inland waters. Increasingly, the competition for water leads to tough decisions and trade-offs are often made between water resource sectors. However, decisions that consider multiple sectors can lead to synergies in management approaches (i.e., win–win scenarios), which benefit multiple sectors. Ultimately, in searching for sustainable solutions for fish, these ecologically and socially responsible approaches can contribute to improved health, well-being, and prosperity for all water resource sectors.
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Alessandrini, Megan, and Romy Winter. "Systemic Gender Barriers in the Building and Construction Industry." In Architecture and Design, 1175–92. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7314-2.ch044.
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This chapter examines structural gender-based disadvantage experienced by women in the building industry. This is found in trade and technical occupations, but is much more prevalent in administrative and management roles in small and micro businesses where female family members and spouses carry out work often for little or no remuneration or recognition. Nor does this group have any protection in income support, injury or sickness cover or retirement benefits. This also contributes to inefficiency in the industry as there is minimal opportunity for professional development or skill enhancement. Using a non-positivist methodology, the authors found that this phenomenon is particularly prevalent in the building and construction and that many were unpaid and were employed in other occupations. This disadvantage contributed to status driven tensions between these women, often called co-preneurs, and those women working on site in trade and technical roles.
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Alessandrini, Megan, and Romy Winter. "Systemic Gender Barriers in the Building and Construction Industry." In Contemporary Global Perspectives on Gender Economics, 83–100. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8611-3.ch005.
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This chapter examines structural gender-based disadvantage experienced by women in the building industry. This is found in trade and technical occupations, but is much more prevalent in administrative and management roles in small and micro businesses where female family members and spouses carry out work often for little or no remuneration or recognition. Nor does this group have any protection in income support, injury or sickness cover or retirement benefits. This also contributes to inefficiency in the industry as there is minimal opportunity for professional development or skill enhancement. Using a non-positivist methodology, the authors found that this phenomenon is particularly prevalent in the building and construction and that many were unpaid and were employed in other occupations. This disadvantage contributed to status driven tensions between these women, often called co-preneurs, and those women working on site in trade and technical roles.
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Malone, David M. "The Uncertain Geo-Strategic Outlook for the US in Asia: The Pivot, the Re-Balance, TPP, and Now What?" In Megaregulation Contested, 61–78. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825296.003.0003.
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The Trans-Pacific Partnership (known in its TPP11 format as the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership) embodies a project of economic cooperation among countries of four continents sharing the Pacific Ocean. It was driven by the international political imperative felt by the Obama administration to bind Asian allies closer to the United States through a meaningful trade agreement at a time marked by China’s vertiginous rise economically and as a global power. The 2017 withdrawal of the United States from the TPP project undermined US credibility in Asia (and elsewhere), while doing little to impede China’s rise. This chapter assesses in Asian perspective the geopolitical implications of this profound disorientation in US foreign policy, and the consequences of the eleven remaining states having decided to proceed without the United States.
Conference papers on the topic "Economically driven building trade"
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Schneider, Ansgar. "The Structural Dynamics of the World Trade Center Catastrophe." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2150.
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<p>Bažant et al. have proposed a model of a gravity-driven collapse of a tall building which collapses in a progressive-floor collapse after the failure of a single storey. The model allows the re-computation of the structural resistance of the building once the downward movement of the building has been quantified. We give a physically more sound version of the collapse model, and determine the downward movement of the North Tower of the World Trade Center. Thereby we reproduce a value for the upward resisting force during the collapse that is similar to what has been achieved by Bažant et al. for the first three seconds of the collapse. However, our method of measurement also includes data up to 9 seconds after collapse initiation. These data show a much bigger upward resistance force between 4 and 7 seconds after collapse initiation.</p>
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Kartal, Burak, and Çiğdem Sofyalıoğlu. "A Look at the Perceptions of the Turkish Youth towards Shangai Cooperation Organization from a Marketing Perspective." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00340.
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In search of new markets and trade partners after its thrill for European Union has faded, Turkey began to look at its east recently. Having strong ties with many countries in Central Asia due to its cultural and historical ties, Turkey is a bridge between Europe and Asia. Due to its importance and successful historical development, Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is Turkey’s one of few options. In order to build closer trade relations between Turkey and members of the SCO, it’s better to know what Turkish people, especially youth know and think about the Organization. This pioneer empirical study, by examining a sample of Turkish university students’ knowledge and attitude towards SCO, is a first step of building the relations between the Organization and Turkish people and Turkish youth. Findings indicate that Turkish youth examined have positive attitude towards SCO compared to other alternative integrations and organizations. Besides, they think that a stronger SCO will be in favor of Turkey both economically and politically. Also, gender differences seem to exist like women’s tendency towards North American and South American integrations.
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Husain, Afzal, and Kwang-Yong Kim. "Numerical Optimization of a Electroosmotically Enhanced Microchannel Heat Sink." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89236.
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A liquid flow microchannel heat sink has been studied with the help of three-dimensional numerical analysis for mixed (electroosmotic and pressure-driven) flow. The optimization of the microchannel heat sink has been performed with the help of surrogate method coupled with multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. The effects of ionic concentration represented by the zeta potential and Debye thickness are studied at various levels of externally applied electric potential. Temperature dependent coolant properties are considered to take into account the micro-scale effects for accurately predicting the thermal performance of the microchannel heat sink. Higher value of zeta potential leads to higher flow-rate and lower thermal resistance which consequently reduced the temperature of the microprocessor chip and load of micro-pump used to supply the coolant to the microchannels. Two design variables are selected related to the microchannel width, depth and fin width and design space is explored through four-level full factorial design. The channel width-to-depth ratio is found to be higher Pareto-sensitive (sensitivity along the Pareto-optimal front) than the other design variable. The trade-off between objective functions and Pareto-sensitivity of the design variables can be utilized to economically design the microchannel heat sinks. In view of the limiting pumping power available at the micro-level the application of the electroosmosis along with the commonly used pumping source can greatly enhance the performance of the microchannel heat sink.
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Esaa, Ayat Abdelrahim Suliman, Harun Bal, and Erhan İşcan. "The Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: A Panel Cointegration Approach in the Middle East and North Africa Countries (1980-2017)." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02296.
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This study examines the hypothesis of the Export-Led Growth in the seven selected Middle East and North Africa countries, the hypothesis state that export growth driven by export promotion policies enhances overall economic growth. Empirical investigations have tended to focus attention on the direction of causality between exports and economic growth using Granger causality tests. However, the empirical results based on these tests are, at best, mixed and often contradictory.
The paper employs panel data analysis by utilizing the Pedroni panel cointegration, Pedroni Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares and Fully Modify Ordinary Least Squares, and Canning-Pedroni causality methods, a recent development in panel data econometrics, properties of integration and cointegration and consistency of parameters. The study considers the following three variables; Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Real exports (EXP) and Real import (IMP). Annual secondary data are obtained from the World Bank Development Indicator for seven MENA countries, Namely, Algeria, Egypt, Sudan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Qatar.
The empirical results emphasize the existence of a positive relationship between Export and GDP. Results of waled and Z-bar Group statistics indicate the long-run unidirectional causality between Export and GDP, operates from Export to the GDP. It confirms the validity of Export-led growth hypothesis of the seven selected MENA countries. Empirical evidence suggests significant policy prescriptions; these countries should focus more on supporting export orientated industries through aid-for-trade, trade-capacity building schemes and other types of policies in order to promote economic growth.
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Ibrahim, Mahmoud, Karmun Doucette, Sherif Hassanien, and Doug Langer. "Effect of Model Error on Reliability Analysis of Surface Cracks." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78237.
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The application of reliability-based structural integrity enables the process of quantitative risk assessment as part of pipelines’ integrity management program (IMP). This paper explores two topics that present challenges in terms of the practical adoption of a reliability-based IMP. The first challenge is the balance between perceived and true risk when implementing a quantitative reliability-based integrity model. This is a cornerstone for building stakeholder confidence in the calculated probability of failure (PoF) which is applied to safety and economically driven integrity decisions. The second challenge is the assurance that all relevant sources of uncertainty have been incorporated, which is essential for ensuring an accurate representation of the risk of failure of the pipeline. The level of conservatism (i.e. sufficient margin of error to maintain safety) incorporated when addressing these challenges may create a situation where calculated PoFs become inflated; becoming disproportionate to the failure history and contradictory to the current safe operation of pipelines being modeled. Two different PoF calibration approaches are proposed as practical options to address these challenges. The first method calibrates model error using an operator’s in-service failure history (i.e. failures that occurred under normal operation). The second method uses a set of failure data (including hydrostatic test failures and in-service failures) as selected by the operator considering key factors to ensure adequate representation of their specific pipeline system. These options will be demonstrated by assessing the integrity reliability of a hypothetical pipeline system. This work is expected to help evaluate the feasibility of challenging current practices regarding practical inclusion of epistemic uncertainty in integrity reliability analysis of pipelines.
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Goodwin, Nigel H. "Bridging the Gap Between Material Balance and Reservoir Simulation for History Matching and Probabilistic Forecasting Using Machine Learning." In SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/203941-ms.
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Abstract Objectives/Scope Methods for efficient probabilistic history matching and forecasting have been available for complex reservoir studies for nearly 20 years. These require a surprisingly small number of reservoir simulation runs (typically less than 200). Nowadays, the bottleneck for reservoir decision support is building and maintaining a reservoir simulation model. This paper describes an approach which does not require a reservoir simulation model, is data driven, and includes a physics model based on material balance. It can be useful where a full simulation model is not economically justified, or where rapid decisions need to be made. Methods, Procedures, Process Previous work has described the use of proxy models and Hamiltonian Markov Chain Monte Carlo to produce valid probabilistic forecasts. To generate a data driven model, we take historical measurements of rates and pressures at each well, and apply multi-variate time series to generate a set of differential-algebraic equations (DAE) which can be integrated over time using a fully implicit solver. We combine the time series models with material balance equations, including a simple PVT and Z factor model. The parameters are adjusted in a fully Bayesian manner to generate an ensemble of models and a probabilistic forecast. The use of a DAE distinguishes the approach from normal time-series analysis, where an ARIMA model or state space model is used, and is normally only reliable for short term forecasting. Results, Observations, Conclusions We apply these techniques to the Volve reservoir model, and obtain a good history match. Moreover, the effort to build a reservoir model has been removed. We demonstrate the feasibility of simple physics models, and open up the possibility of combinations of physics models and machine learning models, so that the most appropriate approach can be used depending on resources and reservoir complexity. We have bridged the gap between pure machine learning models and full reservoir simulation. Novel/Additive Information The approach to use multi-variate time series analysis to generate a set of ordinary differential equations is novel. The extension of previously described probabilistic forecasting to a generalised model has many possible applications within and outside the oil and gas industry, and is not restricted to reservoir simulation.
Reports on the topic "Economically driven building trade"
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Gupte, Jaideep, Sarath MG Babu, Debjani Ghosh, Eric Kasper, and Priyanka Mehra. Smart Cities and COVID-19: Implications for Data Ecosystems from Lessons Learned in India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.034.
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This brief distils best data practice recommendations through consideration of key issues involved in the use of technology for surveillance, fact-checking and coordinated control during crisis or emergency response in resource constrained urban contexts. We draw lessons from how data enabled technologies were used in urban COVID-19 response, as well as how standard implementation procedures were affected by the pandemic. Disease control is a long-standing consideration in building smart city architecture, while humanitarian actions are increasingly digitised. However, there are competing city visions being employed in COVID-19 response. This is symptomatic of a broader range of tech-based responses in other humanitarian contexts. These visions range from aspirations for technology driven, centralised and surveillance oriented urban regimes, to ‘frugal innovations’ by firms, consumers and city governments. Data ecosystems are not immune from gendered- and socio-political discrimination, and technology-based interventions can worsen existing inequalities, particularly in emergencies. Technology driven public health (PH) interventions thus raise concerns about 1) what types of technologies are appropriate, 2) whether they produce inclusive outcomes for economically and socially disadvantaged urban residents and 3) the balance between surveillance and control on one hand, and privacy and citizen autonomy on the other.
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Gupte, Jaideep, Sarath MG Babu, Debjani Ghosh, Eric Kasper, Priyanka Mehra, and Asif Raza. Smart Cities and COVID-19: Implications for Data Ecosystems from Lessons Learned in India. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.004.
Full textAbstract:
This brief distils best data practice recommendations through consideration of key issues involved in the use of technology for surveillance, fact-checking and coordinated control during crisis or emergency response in resource constrained urban contexts. We draw lessons from how data enabled technologies were used in urban COVID-19 response, as well as how standard implementation procedures were affected by the pandemic. Disease control is a long-standing consideration in building smart city architecture, while humanitarian actions are increasingly digitised. However, there are competing city visions being employed in COVID-19 response. This is symptomatic of a broader range of tech-based responses in other humanitarian contexts. These visions range from aspirations for technology driven, centralised and surveillance oriented urban regimes, to ‘frugal innovations’ by firms, consumers and city governments. Data ecosystems are not immune from gendered- and socio-political discrimination, and technology-based interventions can worsen existing inequalities, particularly in emergencies. Technology driven public health (PH) interventions thus raise concerns about 1) what types of technologies are appropriate, 2) whether they produce inclusive outcomes for economically and socially disadvantaged urban residents and 3) the balance between surveillance and control on one hand, and privacy and citizen autonomy on the other.
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Gupte, Jaideep, Sarath MG Babu, Debjani Ghosh, Eric Kasper, Priyanka Mehra, and Asif Raza. Smart Cities and COVID-19: Implications for Data Ecosystems from Lessons Learned in India. SSHAP, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.012.
Full textAbstract:
This brief distils best data practice recommendations through consideration of key issues involved in the use of technology for surveillance, fact-checking and coordinated control during crisis or emergency response in resource constrained urban contexts. We draw lessons from how data enabled technologies were used in urban COVID-19 response, as well as how standard implementation procedures were affected by the pandemic. Disease control is a long-standing consideration in building smart city architecture, while humanitarian actions are increasingly digitised. However, there are competing city visions being employed in COVID-19 response. This is symptomatic of a broader range of tech-based responses in other humanitarian contexts. These visions range from aspirations for technology driven, centralised and surveillance oriented urban regimes, to ‘frugal innovations’ by firms, consumers and city governments. Data ecosystems are not immune from gendered- and socio-political discrimination, and technology-based interventions can worsen existing inequalities, particularly in emergencies. Technology driven public health (PH) interventions thus raise concerns about 1) what types of technologies are appropriate, 2) whether they produce inclusive outcomes for economically and socially disadvantaged urban residents and 3) the balance between surveillance and control on one hand, and privacy and citizen autonomy on the other.