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1
Zulkafli, Noraini, and Mohd Ezrisyah Md Shah. "India Maritime Strategy Towards China." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 14 (July 23, 2019): 3244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v14i0.8342.
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The strategic value of Indian Ocean has invited lots of attention from a major power. For India, the Indian Ocean shows its domain and obvious superiority that it has held for some centuries. However, there seem to be an arise from China presence in the region. This action has prompted India as the leading actor in the area and created a diversified approach to mitigating the issue. How should India respond to this? What would be the impact of this phenomenon on India maritime strategy? Is China presence should be defined as a threat for India to continue its ambition as a prospect dominant global key player, or it produces opportunity that India should grab in order to remain relevant in Indian Ocean perspective. The objective of this article is to discuss the actions taken by India to enhance its national interest in the India Ocean. This qualitative approach has using secondary data from 2010- 2018. The finding of this study are 1) India has come out with a maritime strategy to counterbalance China, 2) the Act east policy appeared to be a soft power for India to pursuit more strategic goals as compared to the previous Look East policy which seems to be typically rhetoric and concentrated on economic friendship, 3) India continues to develop cooperation with the superpower and major power countries such as the United States, Australia and Japan.
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Abdel-Khalek, Gouda, Mohammed Gamal Mazloum, and Mohammed Ramadan Mohammed El Zeiny. "Military expenditure and economic growth: the case of India." Review of Economics and Political Science 5, no. 2 (October 26, 2019): 116–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/reps-03-2019-0025.
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Purpose The relationship between military expenditure and economic growth is complex. The purpose of this paper is to examine this relationship in India. Design/methodology/approach The design of this study is descriptive in the theoretical part, and quantitative in the applied one. The study uses time series approach, and Hendry General-to-Specific (GTS) modeling methodology, to examine and analyze the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in India, during the period 1980-2016. Findings The study shows the following: Absence of causal relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in India, during indicated period. The continuous regional tensions facing India represent the main factor for adopting Indian military strategy and emphasizing military capabilities. India has been able to build and develop links between civilian and military sectors. The Indian military scientific and manufacturing policies have achieved self-sufficiency in some of its military needs, a strong military industrial base and high levels of military exports. India participated with developed countries in military strategic industries. Such participation contributed to the integration of civilian and military sectors. India gave rights to private sector and foreign direct investment (FDI) for manufacturing in military industries, giving full marketing rights to the Indian government. These new policies considered a great move toward deep changes for Indian military manufacturing policy. Social implications The findings shed light on the importance of stimulating links between civilian and military sectors, particularly in the industrial sectors and scientific activities. Originality/value This study has a contribution to literature of military expenditures' economic effects. Theoretically, this study tries to fill the research gap regarding the impact of military expenditure in Indian case. Furthermore, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that examines the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in India using Hendry general-to-specific (GTS) modeling methodology and time series approach.
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Akinola, Olabanji. "The Political Economy of Chinese and Indian Trade, Aid and Investments in Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis." Journal of Asian and African Studies 52, no. 6 (December 17, 2015): 824–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909615622338.
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This article provides a comparative analysis of the political economy of Chinese and Indian economic engagement strategies in Nigeria. It argues that although China is becoming increasingly prominent in Nigeria partly because of its state-led economic engagement strategy, India’s private sector-led engagement strategy chimes with Nigeria’s neoliberal economic reforms. However, the article maintains even though both Chinese and Indian strategies are not mutually exclusive to either of the two giants in the pursuit of their interests on the continent, African leaders and policymakers need to develop more strategic engagement plans in their dealings with China and India.
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Aggarwal, Raj. "Economic development, business strategy, and corporate restructuring in India." Journal of Indian Business Research 1, no. 1 (March 20, 2009): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17554190910963181.
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Devi, Shamurailatpam Sofia. "EXPORT, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CAUSALITY – A CASE FOR INDIA." Journal of Global Economy 9, no. 1 (March 25, 2013): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v9i1.284.
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This paper examines the causal relationship between the real GDP and the total export of goods and services produced in India during the period 1990-91 to 2011-12. The main emphasis is to substantiate the importance of exports in the growth process of Indian economy after the economic reforms taken up in the early part of the 90s’ In other words, the study is to see the validity of economic strategy of export-led growth in case of India. The empirical findings of the study indicated that there is a bi-directional causality between GDP and export of the economy. And the hypothesis that export-led-growth is valid in case of the Indian economy for the period under study.
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Volodin, A. "Evolution of Indian Foreign Policy Strategy." World Economy and International Relations, no. 2 (2013): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-2-93-102.
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A comlex of Indian foreign policy problems is analyzed in the article in a broad historical context. The emphasis is made on the fact that the transfer of economic growth centers from the North-Atlantic space to the Asia-Pacific Region resulted in a greater attention to the forming alignment of geopolitical forces in the Region, primarily in the triangle India–China–USA. The author draws two conclusions relevant to the foreign policy of Russia.
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Sharma, Mala. "India’s Approach to China’s Belt and Road Initiative—Opportunities and Concerns." Chinese Journal of Global Governance 5, no. 2 (October 14, 2019): 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23525207-12340041.
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Abstract China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as a geoeconomic vision and geopolitical strategy is closely watched and scrutinised by Indian economists, diplomats, and strategists. Perspectives on India’s approach to the BRI can broadly be classified into three—the optimist, the sceptic and the cautionary. Whereas, economists generally appear optimistic, there is a sense of uneasiness within India’s strategic community that the BRI represents much more than China’s ambition to emerge as an economic leader in the region. This article argues that India’s approach to the BRI has largely been pragmatic, cautious and complex. Accordingly, India has taken an atomistic approach to the various components of the BRI depending on its security and economic needs, which explains why on the one hand India has become increasingly receptive of the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor (BCIM EC) and on the other continues to publicly oppose the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
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Anwar, Mohammad Amir. "New modes of industrial manufacturing: India’s experience with special economic zones." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 24, no. 24 (June 1, 2014): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2014-0011.
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Abstract Special economic zones in India have gained prominence among the policy making circles in recent years. The argument by the policy makers was that these zones will allow industrialisation in India. This article reviews the emerging geography of SEZs (special economic zones) in India and the Indian government recent experiment with the SEZs as models of economic development. The article argues that current SEZ policy in India is designed along the lines of mainstream economic strategy for industrialisation of Washington Consensus, i.e. open economy with greater market freedom coupled with minimal government intervention leads to rapid economic growth and rising incomes. The evidence suggests that these zones are giving rise to uneven geographical development in India with certain regions, sectors and classes are deriving the benefits from this policy.
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Galistcheva, N. V. "Contemporary External Economic Strategy of India: “South-South” Co-operation." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(20) (October 28, 2011): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2011-5-20-96-106.
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Dr. Sathya Saminadan R S. "Relationship Strategy in Grocery Business Tamilnadu." GIS Business 14, no. 6 (November 26, 2019): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i6.11697.
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Growth of emerging economies which are restructuring the world’s economic landscape has been ascribed to the entrepreneurial private and collective firms (Peng and Heath, 1996). Entrepreneurship has been affected by numerous factors ranging from the sociocultural, political and economic ones in these emerging economies. Many research studies have attempted to capture other economies in East European countries and China, leaving India. Though Morrison (2000) and Luthans et al. (2000) claimed that societal ideological norms and values native to emerging economies are impediments to entrepreneurship, such findings could not be generalized to all emerging economies, specifically India as per the findings of Damodaran (2008).
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Dasgupta, Arnab. "India’s Strategy in the Indian Ocean Region: A Critical Aspect of India’s Energy Security." Jadavpur Journal of International Relations 22, no. 1 (March 8, 2018): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973598418757817.
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The Indian Ocean region serves as one of the busiest commercial as well as primary energy supply lines in the world. However, the energy traffic in the region is vulnerable to various strategic choke points. Any disruption caused either by sudden incidents or by sustained developments, thus, might create havoc for the entire global energy security. A unique geostrategic position has accrued India certain natural strategic advantages in the Indian Ocean. On the other hand, India depends essentially on the vital maritime energy supply lines in the region. Hence, ensuring the security of the Indian Ocean Region thus becomes India’s natural prerogative. India therefore needs to strategize its national maritime interest in the Indian Ocean as an uninterrupted energy supply is essential for national economic growth. This article seeks to identify the critical aspect of the Indian Ocean maritime supplies in India’s energy security and to find out India’s strategic imperative to that effect.
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Bhat, Karthik Subramanya, Udo Bachhiesl, Gerald Feichtinger, and Heinz Stigler. "A techno-economic model-based analysis of the renewable energy transition in the Indian subcontinent region." e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 136, no. 8 (December 2019): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00502-019-00773-w.
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AbstractIndia, as a ‘developing’ country, is in the middle of a unique situation of handling its energy transition towards carbon-free energy along with its continuous economic development. With respect to the agreed COP 21 and SDG 2030 targets, India has drafted several energy strategies revolving around clean renewable energy. With multiple roadblocks for development of large hydro power capacities within the country, the long-term renewable goals of India focus highly on renewable energy technologies like solar Photo-Voltaic (PV) and wind capacities. However, with a much slower rate of development in transmission infrastructure and the given situations of the regional energy systems in the Indian subcontinent, these significant changes in India could result in severe technical and economic consequences for the complete interconnected region. The presented investigations in this paper have been conducted using ATLANTIS_India, a unique techno-economic simulation model developed at the Institute of Electricity Economics and Energy Innovation/Graz University of Technology, designed for the electricity system in the Indian subcontinent region. The model covers the electricity systems of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, and is used to analyse a scenario where around 118 GW of solar PV and wind capacity expansion is planned in India until the target year 2050. This paper presents the simulation approach as well as the simulated results and conclusions. The simulation results show the positive and negative techno-economic impacts of the discussed strategy on the overall electricity system, while suggesting possible solutions.
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Mukherjee, Kanchan. "Selective Universalism: The Paradoxical Strategy to Achieve Universal Health Coverage in India." Journal of Health Management 21, no. 1 (February 10, 2019): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063418821826.
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Universal health coverage (UHC), goal three of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), has been on the agenda for some time now. However, India has not been able to achieve the less ambitious targets of Health for All (HFA) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In this context, this article identifies inefficiency as one key factor affecting progress towards UHC. One of the key contributors to inefficiency is lack of evidence-informed decisions in India. Using evidence from economic evaluation and global burden of disease study, seven cost-effective targets have been identified for prioritization in the Indian context. It is proposed that a selective approach targeting these seven targets would be a more efficient way of addressing the challenge of UHC in India.
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Wadhva, Charan D. "Management of Rising Power by China and India in the 21st Century: Scope for Strategic Partnership." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 31, no. 3 (July 2006): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920060301.
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China and India are being widely recognized as rising powers in the 21st century. With its track record of fast economic growth in the last two decades, China is already a global economic power. Based on India's more recent growth performance, India is steadily catching up with China as an economic power. Despite fundamental differences in their political systems, both countries have acquired rising economic power due to open market economy-oriented reforms. China has the advantage of an earlier start than India in this respect. China started its economic reforms in 1978 and India in 1991. These economic reforms have miraculously transformed China into a global economic power. Although politically constrained, economic reforms have helped India to improve its growth trajectory and to further integrate with the global economy. China and India have been following different paths for managing their rising power: China has been credited with carefully evolving a grand vision and a grand strategy for transforming it into a ‘global power’ by the year 2020 (or so). Pragmatism and effective political will have been the hallmarks of the ‘calculated strategy’ adopted by China to achieve this objective. India's economic power has been rising more due to the impulses generated by its entrepreneurs especially in the knowledge-intensive services and industries than due to its government's pursuit of a well-thoughtout grand vision and grand strategy for becoming a global power. Currently, China is nearly two decades ahead of India in moving towards acquiring significant global power. The author's analysis of the existing and projected strengths and weaknesses of both countries in this paper leads him to the conclusion that both the countries have the potential to become global powers — China most probably by the year 2020 and India by the year 2050. Further analysis of the existing and potential complementarities and competition in the economies of China and India indicates that there is a tremendous scope for forging mutually beneficial strategic partnership between them. A very useful beginning can be made in this direction by establishing mutually rewarding strategic alliances in these two countries at the business-to-business level. Progress in this direction can be expedited by supportive government policies and procedures. Despite the existing deficit of political trust between India and China, the two countries have recently agreed to become strategic partners. Concrete moves towards operationalizing this strategic partnership can be initiated in two areas identified in this paper. These are: strengthening cooperation at the international level for enhancing national energy security further cooperation in negotiations at the World Trade Organization and other multilateral forums for collectively promoting the interests of all developing countries in the emerging new international trade and investment order.
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Kusuma, Ayusia Sabhita. "Rivalitas Strategi Maritim China dan India di Selat Malaka." Insignia Journal of International Relations 1, no. 01 (October 18, 2014): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2014.1.01.430.
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Regarding the significance of Malacca Strait as a key maritime�s �choke-point� passage betweenIndian and Pacific oceans, some major countries become dependence with the security and safetyin Malacca Sea Lines of Communications (SLOC). China and India are two states-user ofMalacca Strait which sharing common interests of economic, maritime trade and energy supplies.The problem is, as a regional power of each region, India and China have an ambition to controlthe security of Malacca�s Strait. China which is more dependent with its 80% trade and energysupply through Malacca Strait, facing �Malacca dilemma� regarding the issue. Then, with thestrategy of �string of pearls� and the modernization of of People�s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN),China became assertive to save its interests. India, which has control over Indian Ocean then feelthreaten by China�s activities around Malacca Strait and Indian Ocean. India starts and enhancesthe development of Andaman Nicobar Command with US support near Malacca Straits to counterChina�s development. This paper will analyze the development of China�s dan India�s maritimestrategy rivalry in Malacca Straits with the concepts of balance of power and maritime strategy.
Keywords: Malacca Strait, China�s maritime strategy, India�s maritime strategy, rivalry, balanceof power
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Premalatha, R. "Pattern of Public Expenditure on Social Sector in India." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v9i1.3515.
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Human capital also enhances the productivity of high-technology physical capital. Available empirical evidence indicates that all countries that have managed persistent growth in income have also had large increases in the education and training of their labor forces. Empirical studies in the Indian context also reveal investments in human capital have a significant impact on economic growth. Like many other developing countries, the Government of India’s key policy documents, including economic reforms, have identified poverty eradication/alleviation and social development as two main challenges and expressed the government’s commitment towards social development and eradication of poverty. Indian government’s gradual adoption of marketoriented economic reform policies in the mid-1980s was accompanied by an expansionist fiscal strategy to counterbalance the redistributive effect of liberalization. These economic and political developments have tended to strongly influence social sector policies in India. If the expenditure is diverted towards development activities, it will promote the process development of the state. It becomes essential to study the patterns of social sector expenditure in India at national and state levels to ascertain how the social sector has been managed by the governments in India and to what extent the central and state governments in India have fulfilled their responsibility of developing the social sector in India.
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Galistcheva, Natalia Valerievna, and Elena Vakhtangovna Nebolsina. "The U.S. and China in India’s Foreign Economic Policy: In Quest of Balance for Maintaining Strategic Autonomy." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 21, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 304–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-2-304-324.
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The paper investigates trade and investment relations between India and its two major trading partners, viz. the U.S. and China in the 2000-2010s. On the basis of mixed method research with equal use of quantitative and qualitative, as well as historical and statistical methods, the authors estimate the possibilities for expanding interstate interactions and the difficulties the countries might face. By comparing the scale and particulars of the product structure of Indo-American and Indo-Chinese trade, the authors reveal that intra-industry trade between India and the United States is at a fairly high level, which, in turn, is not typical for the trade between India and China, which is mostly inter-industry due to the sluggish cooperation of Indian and Chinese entrepreneurs. The authors assess the intensity of the Indo-American and Indo-Chinese bilateral trade between 2000-2018 by means of indices of intensity of Indias exports and imports to / from the USA and China, as well as indices of intensity of exports and imports of its partners to / from India. The obtained results outline the upward trend of the share of Indian exports to the U.S. relative to other countries, which indicates that India is successfully conquering the U.S. market, and Indian goods are becoming increasingly competitive. Meanwhile, the volume of Indian-Chinese trade remains on a much lower level than it could be expected with the current share of India in the world trade. In the meantime, neither for the United States nor for China, India is a dominant partner. The article also investigates major obstacles hindering the development of both Indo-American and Indo-Chinese bilateral relations. The obtained results enable the authors to predict that in the short- and mid-term economic cooperation between India and its leading partners is likely to strengthen, with India keeping striving for standing neuter while building the two most crucial vectors of its foreign economic policy.
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Bhattacharyya, Som Sekhar, and Sumi Jha. "Internationalization Strategy of Afcons: Planning and Implementation." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977917727434.
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Afcons, a major Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) firm in India, has been engaged in the business of marine and industrial, oil and gas, rail and metro, surface transport, hydro underground, LNG and downstream hydrocarbons. Mr K. Subrahmanian, the Managing Director (MD) of Afcons, was contented with the internationalization efforts of Afcons. He was also satisfied with the work of Afcons carried out in the last few years in the domestic Indian market. Particularly the order book of the marine business, roads/bridges and rail and metro were satisfactorily filled for the next few years. This was gratifying for Mr Subrahmanian as the external socio-economic context for the EPC firm had been challenging. The growth registered by Afcons had come in hard times. But one of the major focus areas for Afcons had been to generate a substantial amount of revenue, profit and number of projects from international clients. The entry of new competitors and the socio-political changes in India during the past decade have made implementation of infrastructure projects difficult. Given this pressure cooker situation in India, it is important for Afcons to internationalize further so that they are insulated from the risks and tumults of the Indian domestic market. This case talks about the nature and extent of internationalization that Afcons had undertaken. Further, it deliberates on the strategic reasons and logic for the contour of international influence regarding the nature and extent of internationalization.
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Chakraborty, Dr Sudip, and Mrs Durba Dutta. "THE HEALTHY INTEGRATION: MODERN ECONOMICS AND CHANAKYA’S ARTHASASHTRA." BSSS Journal of Commerce XIII, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 91–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.51767/joc1309.
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Economic Evolution is a gradual process. It takes ages to develop and convert any country into meaningful and sustainable growth engines. The Indian Economy is no exception to this evolutionary process. In spite of the successful completion of the Five-Year Plans from 1951 to the Twelfth Five-year plan ( 2012-2017) , Indian Economy has still been reeling with challenges like Population Growth, Crumbling Infrastructure, Terrorism, Corruption, Inadequate Taxation and Unemployment. However, there is a shift in the economy post Liberalization. Since 1991, the economy has been transformed from a closely held inward looking economy to a driving force of global growth. Recently there has been a concentrated effort to reform the cobweb of taxes across the Indian Economy which is reflected in the Constitutional Amendment Bill for GST and its implementation, Demonetization of High Denomination Bank Notes, enactment of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, enactment of Aadhaar Bill for disbursement of financial subsidies and benefits. There has been an overall complex- security development matrix in India. The sudden economic upheavals intrigue one to think if there exists any root or connection of the various economic strategies and their origin in India, or they are simply borrowed from the western economic theories. Arthashastra, by Chanakya, being a very famous Indian treatise on politics, economics, military strategy, state function and social organization of ancient India, an attempt is made to relate the contemporary economic scenario with those mentioned in the Arthashastra. The paper shall try to reflect the connectivity of various functional roots from Kautilya to kalyug.
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Singh, Rajul, and Roma Mitra Debnath. "Modeling sustainable development: India ' s strategy for the future." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (May 31, 2012): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20425941211244270.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the relation among the various enablers of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to know their degree of dependence and driving power. As there has been non-agreement among the various stakeholders regarding the benefits of sustainability brought about by CDM, this paper explores the viability of sustainable development in the Indian scenario. Design/methodology/approach – This paper discusses a model to address the issues of sustainable development in the context of CDM. An interpretive structural model (ISM) has been used to model the various parameters of sustainable development in the Indian context. The relevant parameters have been considered as per the existing literature review. Findings – The result shows that sustainable development is achievable if the nation emphasizes on strategic goals and mission because sustainable development is driven by the strategic parameters such as “employment creation” and “long-term economic goals”. Research limitations/implications – The ISM model developed is not statistically validated, therefore structural equation modeling (SEM), also commonly known as the linear structural relationship approach, may be used to test the validity of such a hypothetical model. Practical implications – The government of India has to emphasize on education and inclusive employment to improve the quality of life, which would enable the sustainable development to be achieved. Originality/value – This paper describes one of the few empirical studies conducted in India.
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Jacob, Jabin T. "For a New Kind of ‘Forward Policy’." China Report 47, no. 2 (May 2011): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944551104700206.
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This paper argues that more than their boundary dispute, it is the place of Tibet in the Sino–Indian relationship that is at the core of the continuing mistrust between the two countries. For China, pushing economic development as a panacea to ethnic grievances has been an insufficient strategy. To ensure sustainable political stability in Tibet, it is necessary to give India greater space in Tibet in the form of improved economic, tourist and religious exchanges as a way of relieving the sense of cultural siege that ethnic Tibetans suffer from. India meanwhile, having accepted Chinese sovereignty over Tibet, will have to reciprocate with a new ‘forward policy’ of its own allowing for greater Chinese access to its own markets and the removal of other discriminatory restrictions on Chinese travelling to India. The way ahead lies in converting Tibet’s political centrality into an economic centrality in the Sino–Indian bilateral relationship.
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Athukorala, Prema-chandra. "Trump's Trade War: An Indian Perspective." Asian Economic Papers 19, no. 1 (April 2020): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00749.
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This paper examines the implications of the Trump Administration's U.S. trade policy on U.S.–India relations and the Indian economy against the backdrop of strengthening political and strategic ties between the two countries, which have been strong since the beginning of this century. Trump's strategy of using tariffs as the bargaining chip in bilateral economic relations with India, while ignoring mutual geopolitical interests, has coincided with new protectionist tendencies in India under the Make in India strategy of the Modi government, setting the stage for a protracted bilateral trade dispute. U.S. safeguard duties on steel and aluminium have taken a toll on India's exports of these products to the United States, but these products account for a tiny share of India's total exports to the United States. The hard hit was Trump's termination of India's designation as a beneficiary developing nation under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). The GSP abolition is likely to have a much more significant effect on the Indian economy as exports under the program are heavily concentrated in the traditional labor-intensive industries. However, given the handsome mandate received by the Modi government at the May 2019 election and that the next election is four years away (2024), GSP abolition is unlikely to receive much weight in determining India's position in trade negotiations compared with the new protectionist policy stance stemming from the Make in India strategy. The WTO verdict on the U.S. complaint on India's manufacturing export subsidies, if upheld by the WTO Appellate body, would strengthen the U.S. position in negotiating a trade deal with India.
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Seshadri, Triyakshana. "An Analysis of the Feasibility of Private Land Assembly for Special Economic Zones in India." Urban Studies 49, no. 10 (November 10, 2011): 2285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098011423426.
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India has used export processing zones as a development strategy since the mid 1960s. The performance of these zones did not meet expectations and, in 2001, the government changed the rules and the name, and recast them as special economic zones. Indian special economic zone policy was formulated to facilitate the private development of big industrial townships. This is a significant departure from the typical export zone model, where governments usually develop the zone and invite entrepreneurs to start firms within it. However, the zone policy is unlikely to achieve its objective because of land acquisition problems. This paper analyses the effect of land laws such as land ceiling and land use clauses, and the political nature of land dealings in the context of special economic zone development in India, and concludes that private land acquisition is not possible with the current structure of land laws in India, and that this is a primary problem for the private development in special economic zones in India.
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YOSHIMATSU, Hidetaka. "Economic Interdependence and Security Tension: China's Rare Earth Policy." East Asian Policy 04, no. 03 (July 2012): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930512000268.
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China regards rare earth elements (REEs) as strategic products and fosters the REE industry with neo-mercantilist support. It then restrains exports of REEs as a means of exerting pressure on Japan in maritime security disputes. In response, Japan pursues a soft balancing strategy to strengthen linkages with Vietnam and India, and reconfirms the value of security linkages with Washington. Thus, the economic instrument became a catalyst in stimulating balancing behaviour.
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Esho, Hideki. "Modinomics 1.0 and the Indian Economy." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 32, no. 1 (December 9, 2019): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260107919875569.
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In this study, we recapitulate the economic policies/measures implemented by Narendra Modi in his first five-year term (2014–2019), referred to as ‘Modinomics’. It rests on two pillars, namely growth strategy and anti-poverty programmes, represented by the ‘Make in India’ and ‘JAM trinity’ initiatives, respectively. Further, we assess the economic performance achieved in his first term. Macro-economic indicators, such as economic growth and inflation rates, show satisfactory results; however, we do not find enough evidence of the main objective of ‘Make in India’ being fulfilled, which is ‘to make India a global hub of manufacturing, design, and innovation’. The continuation/aggravation of ‘jobless growth’ is concerning; thus, India should adapt export-oriented industrialization strategy to enhance the viability of ‘Make in India’ and create enough jobs opportunities. JEL: E24, E61, N15, N35, N65
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Ray, Amlan, M. G. Deepika, and G. Badri Narayanan. "Analysis of India’s Competitive Position in RCEP." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 25, no. 3 (April 25, 2021): 336–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09722629211003699.
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In the context of policy developments surrounding India’s opting out of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and India’s lack of ventures in plurilateral regional trade agreements (RTAs), we attempt to analyse the competitiveness and potential of Indian export items in the RCEP region. Our findings show low export intensity for India with RCEP member countries. Higher revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and duty reduction in partner countries may help India in enhancing exports of only a few commodities. India has high RCA in commodities, for which the tariffs by RCEP countries are already moderate. Considering India’s present trade balance position, tariff structure, non-tariff barriers (NTBs) of partner countries, intellectual property rights (IPR) and export competitiveness of Indian commodities, it appears to us that India had limited options but to opt out of RCEP. While the members of RCEP are still open to accepting India, more needs to be worked out on building competitiveness for Indian commodities and the future strategy for negotiations, if India considers itself to be a part of RCEP in the future. Given its limited participation in regional blocks, India should identify its core areas of interest in goods and services where it can enhance its competitiveness and attain better trade performance using strategic bilateral negotiations and possibly exploit imported inputs to promote higher value-added exports.
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Galistcheva, Natalia V., and Yulia A. Ilicheva. "Special aspects of investment cooperation between India and ASEAN countries in the modern period." RUDN Journal of Economics 28, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 288–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2020-28-2-288-299.
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India examines relations with ASEAN countries as one of the priority vectors of the modern foreign economic strategy South - South. The purpose of the article is to analyze one of the most important aspects of Indian economic relations with the countries of Southeast Asia - investment cooperation. The article covers a wide range of analytical methods: statistical analysis, forecasting, comparison, theoretical generalization, statistical data processing, and also abstract-logical analysis (for systematization and generalization of the main areas of investment interaction). The indicators of Indian foreign direct investment to ASEAN, including country-wise distribution, and the associations foreign direct investment to the republic are analyzed in detail. The authors consider in detail various aspects of intercountry investment interaction. The association is the main focus for Indian investments abroad and a significant investor to the republic, as demonstrated by stable bilateral economic relations. In general, investment cooperation seriously contributes to the development of relations between India and ASEAN.
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Pradhan, Jaya Prakash. "R&D Strategy of Small and Medium Enterprises in India." Science, Technology and Society 16, no. 3 (November 2011): 373–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097172181101600307.
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Liberalisation of economic policies in the last two decades and intensifying market competition tend to be a cause of policy concern for the survival of SMEs in emerging economies like India. These SMEs account for the largest chunk of industrial units and employment in the national economy. Yet, most of them are competing with deeply inadequate resources, especially by means of weak technological capabilities. The present study has provided not only preliminary estimates on SME R&D investments in Indian manufacturing and their broad trends and patterns, but also contributed to the understanding of factors driving the SME in-house R&D activities. It shows that Indian SMEs continue to be vulnerable among all firmas they have the lowest incidence of doing in-house R&D and their R&D intensitieshave fallen in the last decade. Based on the results from three-step Censored Quantile Regression, this study has suggested a set of useful policy implications for enhancing SME R&D.
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Leavy, Brian. "India: MNC strategies for growth and innovation." Strategy & Leadership 42, no. 2 (March 11, 2014): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sl-01-2014-0002.
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Purpose – Companies with global ambitions need to pay close attention to how innovation is achieved in India. In particular, corporate leaders still have much to learn about how this economic powerhouse is likely to develop in the coming decades and what strategy and innovation plays are most likely to be successful. Design/methodology/approach – This “Masterclass” examines the lessons from three important recent books that offer valuable insights on how Indian businesses are addressing the innovation challenge: Conquering the Chaos by Ravi Venkatesan, former Chairman of Cummins India and Microsoft India, identifies the leadership blueprint for creating most value in this and similar emerging “VUCCA” markets. India Inside by Nirmalya Kumar and Phanish Puranam discovers a significant opportunity and challenge – India's rapid emergence as a global hub of innovation. Reverse Innovation by Vijay Govindarajan and Chris Trimble presents an alternative strategy to “glocalization” as a more promising way to drive global growth, using emerging markets like India as the innovation platform. Findings – The article looks at why only 25 to 30 of the more than 1,300 major multinationals currently operating in India have made it into the “high-growth trajectory, market leadership” category within that country. Practical implications – Every company with global ambitions would now be well advised to make to make innovation in India central to their own ambitions, so that they might become the global disruptors of the future not the victims. Originality/value – While most of today's multinational CEOs see pursuing significant market participation in China as a “no-brainer,” rising, or failing to rise, to the challenge of India, with at least as much urgency and commitment, may turn out to be their most “defining” strategic legacy.
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Joshi, Akshay. "Impact of Political Economy on Economic Strategy Making in India (1947–1991)." Strategic Analysis 41, no. 3 (March 17, 2017): 236–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2017.1295604.
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Mishra, Vivek, and Sayantan Haldar. "Emerging Contours of Contemporary Asian Maritime Connectivity: Economic and Strategic Objectives." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 76, no. 3 (July 24, 2020): 461–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928420936136.
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This article intends to look at how contemporary and future Asian connectivity linkages are likely to impact Asian geopolitics and geo-strategy. While China has dominated the contemporary connectivity discourse with its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), other players such as Australia, India, Japan and the USA are engaged in their own connectivity bids which often converge and intersect in the region. As a result, the countries involved in the Indo-Pacific cross-linkages are tacitly entering a game of one-upmanship. Influence through connectivity linkages has also shifted the discourse around balance of power for countries to balance of influence. It is in this context that initiatives such as the Mausam find centrality in the country’s changing outlook. This article attempts to look at Asian connectivity from a dual perspective of economic competition, on one hand, and strategic calculations, on the other hand. The scope of the article is limited to analysing China, India and Japan as leading Asian countries in the emerging connectivity competition, besides the USA as the most important external players in Asian connectivity geopolitics and geo-strategy.
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Nangia, V. K., Rajat Agarawal, Vinay Sharma, and K. Srinivasa Reddy. "Conglomerate diversification through cross-continent acquisition: Vedanta weds Cairn India." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111127430.
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Subject area corporate policy and strategy – mergers and acquisitions. Study level/applicability Post graduation (MBA and other management degrees). It includes courses on Strategic Management, Business Environment and International Business. Case overview Markets are becoming highly connective, accessible and communicative and reaching maturity at a very high phase. Acquisition is a choice to enhance the emerging and diversified markets. This case paper presents insights on Vedanta – Cairn India cross-border acquisition deal in Indian oil and exploration industry. This case synchronizes the gap between strategic planning and outcome of actions. The study exclusively evidences the reaction of stocks of all attached parties against acquisition announcement and compares with market performance. Expected learning outcomes Strategic mapping of business negotiations, while in-organic choices, further the impact of economic, political, legal and regulatory factors on cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A), deliberate deal financing mechanism and leadership diplomacy. It proposes from the viewpoint of corporate in-organic alternatives and to strengthen the upcoming research field of strategy & policy. Supplementary materials Global M&A market, shareholding pattern, income statement and balance sheet of Cairn India Ltd, financial figures of Vedanta Resources, tabular data on stock and index performance, deal structure and teaching note.
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Ray, Sougata. "Environment-Strategy-Performance Linkages: A Study of Indian Firms during Economic Liberalization." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 29, no. 2 (April 2004): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920040202.
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How firms from emerging economies transform themselves to adapt to the changing institutional environment during economic liberalization has generated a lot of interest among management scholars and practitioners alike. This paper presents an analysis of the corporate strategic behaviour of firms in India, a giant emerging economy undergoing economic reforms over the last one decade. Based on existing theories, a multivariate model has been developed to explore the contingency linkages of environment, corporate strategy, and performance. The model has been empirically verified in LISREL framework using primary and secondary data for 111 firms mainly belonging to the list of top 500 firms in India. The major observations emerging from the analysis are as follows: Environment played a significant role in shaping firm strategies and performance during reforms. Environmental munificence and competitive intensity influenced firm strategies and performance as hypothesized. Availability of high growth and profit opportunities across industries, easier access to resources in the international market, improvement in the supply situation, etc., had the greatest influence on the strategic behaviour of firms in the liberalized era. Firms facing intense competition and demanding customers reorganized the business portfolio by divesting some businesses and moving into more promising unrelated businesses, cut down the organization flab through downsizing, and promoted greater sharing of resources within. Firms having better environment-strategy ‘fit’ achieved superior performance. The effect of environment on firm performance was moderated by firm strategies. This conforms to the general principle of contingency theory derived based on the developed economy institutional framework. Among the corporate strategies, scale expansion strategy was found to be the most effective, as it yielded superior profit and market performance. Scale expansion benefited firms not only in gaining advantage due to economy of scale but also in using more modern technology and equipments. The strategy of product-market diversification did not have any significant effect on profitability. However, it resulted in poor market performance as observed from the significant negative influence of business scope on market return. This indicates that investors were generally wary of diversification moves by firms. Increased diversity in operation did not have any significant negative impact on performance. Therefore, unrelated diversification per se did not harm firms, at least, in the short run. The study does not support the earlier observations by researchers that firms with focused strategy and adopting defensive strategic orientation perform better during deregulation of industries in both developed and emerging economies. In fact, it can be observed that, during economic liberalization in India, firms that recognized the favourable and unfavourable changes in the environment early and increased their scale of business and diversified into deregulated industries selectively but aggressively achieved superior performance
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Thakur, Vikas, and A. Ramesh. "Healthcare waste disposal strategy selection using grey-AHP approach." Benchmarking: An International Journal 24, no. 3 (April 3, 2017): 735–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-09-2016-0138.
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Purpose Nowadays healthcare waste (HCW) has become a big challenge for the hospital management, especially, in developing countries like India. Like other developing countries, Indian healthcare waste disposal (HCWD) industry is also fragmented, as some hospitals are having their own in-house waste treatment facilities and others are outsourcing the process to government authorized Common Biomedical Waste Treatment Facilities. Literature also lacks the quantitative studies in selecting the HCWD strategy and, hence, the purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize the factors, which affect the selection of HCWD strategy and to propose the model to select the HCWD strategy and to apply the proposed model to select the HCWD strategy in Uttarakhand, Northern State of India. Design/methodology/approach Grey theory-based analytic hierarchy process approach has been applied to evaluate the HCWD options and select the appropriate strategy for the healthcare facilities (HCFs). Findings From the literature, six criteria have been used to evaluate the HCWD strategies: “access to expertise,” “overdependence,” “transportation & risk associated,” “Government rules,” “environmental factors,” and “economic factors.” “Outsourcing” strategic option (0.61) got the higher desirability index than “in-house treatment” (0.39). Research limitations/implications The proposed methodology can be used by the researchers and experts in the field to evaluate the strategic options and select the appropriate strategy. Practical implications The HCFs and other generators of HCW can select the alternative, whether they should treat the infectious waste in-house or they should go for outsourcing. Originality/value In the field of HCW management, this is the first study of its kind, which helps to evaluate and select the HCWD strategies. The proposed model has been applied in Uttarakhand, Northern State of India to make the comparison between “in-house” and “outsource” strategies.
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Jha, Abhay Kumar, and Raghbendra Jha. "India’s Response to COVID-19 Crisis." Indian Economic Journal 68, no. 3 (September 2020): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220976685.
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The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has presented India with complex economic and public health challenges. Furthermore, these two crises interact with each other in unpredictable ways whence there is considerable uncertainty in designing a policy response. This article purports to place India’s experience with the corona virus with a cutoff date of 30 June 2020 in perspective and to examine the public health and economic challenges as well as the economy’s prospects in a post-COVID world. The article lists key dates in the development of this pandemic in India and globally. We then outline the economic and health strategies followed in India to combat the crisis. We further discuss some consequences of the pandemic and elements of India’s recovery strategy. We also assess elements of India’s recovery. Finally, this article discusses prospects for the Indian economy in the short run. JEL Codes: I15, I18, O11, O40
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Haque, Ziaul. "Subroto Roy and William E. James (editors). Foundations of India's Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the I 990s. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 339 pp.Hardbound. Indian Rupees 275.00." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i3pp.336-340.
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India, with 800 million people, vast land resources, heterogeneous linguistic, cultural, religious, and ethnic groups and caste and class divisions, faces complex and formidable social, economic, and political problems. After experimenting with a mixed and controlled, 'socialist' economy for four decades since 1947, in which the public sector played a predominant role, a new strategy of liberalisation and deregulation is being formulated with the aim of integrating Indian economy with the world market. This implies a framework of a liberal market economy with less control and more freedoms. The book under review is the outcome of a large interdisciplinary research project initiated in 1986 and completed in 1990 by Indian and foreign scholars. Divided into the two main sections of politics and economics, the book comprises ten independent but interlinked essays/chapters which discuss some of the longterm socio-economic problems facing India. The recent policy of liberalisation, it is important to note, reflects the urgency and relevance of some of the theses presented in this important book. The removal of unnecessary internal controls, greater stress on the private sector, curtailment of wasteful expenditures, depreciation of the Indian rupee and its freefloating against foreign currencies, and other economic reforms recommended are intended to enhance the comparative advantage of the Indian economy and to make it more competitive in the world market.
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Sehgal, Sanjay, and Meenakshi Gupta. "Tests of Technical Analysis in India." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 11, no. 3 (July 2007): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097226290701100303.
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The study evaluates the economic feasibility of technical analysis in the Indian stock market. It discusses that technical indicators do not outperform Simple Buy and Hold strategy on net return basis for individual stocks. Technical indicators seem to do better during market upturns compared to market downturns. However, technical based trading strategies are not feasible vis-à-vis passive strategy irrespective of market cycle conditions. Technical indicators also do not provide economically significant profit for industry as well as economy based data. Combining fundamentals with technical information, we find, that technical indicators are more profitable for small stocks compared to big stocks and for high value stocks compared to low value stocks. However, the economic feasibility of fundamentals' based technical strategies is still questionable. Our results seem to confirm with the efficient market hypothesis.
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Thampy, Ashok, and S. Sitharamu. "Life Insurance Potential in India: An Economic Approach." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 6, no. 2 (July 2002): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097226290200600202.
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The market for life insurance in India has evolved in the context of the specific socio-economic and political environment that existed over the years. Prior to nationalisation, although the insurance business had grown considerably, it remained an essentially urban phenomena. This limited spread of life insurance was also marked by many malpractices, deficiencies and frequent liquidation of insurance companies, shaking public confidence in purchasing insurance. The objectives of nationalisation were to spread insurance coverage, to provide a stable environment thus increasing the confidence of the people in insurance, and to harness the resources generated for nation building activities as determined by the government. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the size of the individual life insurance market that exists in India. In this study, we have not provided an estimate of the potential for group life insurance. It is hoped that these estimates will help to plan the business strategy and set goals in the life insurance sector.
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Hu, Richard W. "China’s ‘One Belt One Road’ Strategy." China Report 53, no. 2 (April 21, 2017): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445517696619.
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This article examines One Belt One Road (OBOR) strategic implications for India. It is argued that the implications need to be considered within the framework of the future development of the China–India relationship. The relationship is largely constrained by and embedded in the security dilemma at the present time. Taking the opportunity offered by the OBOR initiative, China and India should explore building a ‘new model of major power relationship’ between the two countries. While the border issue and regional security rivalry may not find an easy way out, it should not impede the leaders of the two countries from expanding the areas of cooperation and building up strategic trust between the two peoples. Beijing and New Delhi can and should find more areas of cooperation on non-traditional security issues, such as food security, water, energy, strategic metals, common concern over environmental protection and climate change and reforming the post-war international economic order.
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Pandey, Asheesh, Vandana Bhama, and Amiya Kumar Mohapatra. "Trading strategy using share buybacks: evidence from India." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(2).2020.14.
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The efficient market hypothesis states that in the efficient markets, participants cannot make extra-normal returns by exploiting any publicly available information. However, traders are constantly looking to exploit publicly available information to generate abnormal returns for themselves and their clients. One such event is share buyback announcement, which traders can utilize to create profitable trading strategies. The authors undertake the present study to examine if share buyback announcements provide profitable trading strategies to traders. Event study methodology has been adopted to analyze buyback announcements by Indian companies from January 2012 to December 2018. Forty-one (41) day window period comprising of 20 days pre-event, an announcement day, and 20 days post-event period is created to analyze the risk-adjusted average abnormal returns. The empirical findings suggest that there are negligible trading opportunities available for investors post announcements. However, significant risk-adjusted returns are found in the pre-event window, indicating that if investors can predict buyback announcements, they may earn extra-normal returns. The study confirms that Indian stock markets are in the semi-strong form of efficiency. The study also provides a profitable trading strategy for investors in the pre-event window. Finally, it also draws the regulators’ attention to see if insider trading could be the reason for abnormal returns in the pre-event window. The authors conclude the results by confirming that Indian markets are semi-strong in market efficiency and by indicating regulatory interventions to control insider trading. AcknowledgementThe infrastructural support provided by FORE School of Management, New Delhi in completing this paper is gratefully acknowledged.
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Freeman, Stanley, Dani Shtienberg, Marcel Maymon, Adolfo G. Levin, and Randy C. Ploetz. "New Insights into Mango Malformation Disease Epidemiology Lead to a New Integrated Management Strategy for Subtropical Environments." Plant Disease 98, no. 11 (November 2014): 1456–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-14-0679-fe.
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Mango (Mangifera indica) is regarded as the king of fruits in India, where it has been cultivated for at least 4,000 years and has great cultural and religious significance. Many Indian mango cultivars originated in the fifteenth century when the best selections of mango seedlings were propagated by grafting and planted in large orchards, in some cases numbering 100,000 trees. With the arrival of voyagers to India from Europe, mango was soon established throughout the tropics and subtropics. Mango malformation disease (MMD) is one of the most important and destructive diseases of this crop. It affects inflorescences and vegetative portions of the plant. Although trees are not killed, the vegetative phase of the disease impedes canopy development and the floral phase reduces fruit yield dramatically; substantial economic losses can occur since malformed inflorescences do not bear fruit. Significant advances have been made in understanding the etiology of MMD, which is caused by more than one agent. However, until recently little progress had been made on the epidemiology of this disease. The results that are discussed in this article are only for MMD caused by F. mangiferae.
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Jaikumar, Saravana, and Arvind Sahay. "Celebrity endorsements and branding strategies: event study from India." Journal of Product & Brand Management 24, no. 6 (September 21, 2015): 633–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-06-2014-0640.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to evaluate the economic value of celebrity endorsements to Indian firms based on their branding strategy – corporate or house-of-brands – and their “congruence” or “fit” with the celebrity. The overall economic value of endorsements to firms in India, a moderately collectivist culture, is also assessed. Design/methodology/approach – Standard “event study” methodology is used to evaluate the economic value of endorsements under different branding strategies (47 endorsement announcements – 25 corporate brands and 22 house-of-brands). The impact of the level of congruence (assessed using brand personality scales) on abnormal returns is also examined. Findings – Event study results indicate significant positive abnormal returns for corporate brands and insignificant returns to house-of-brands. Moreover, the level of congruence is found to have an insignificant effect on endorsement announcement returns. Overall, celebrity endorsements result in positive economic value to Indian firms. Originality/value – This study evaluates the differences in the effectiveness of celebrity endorsements (which might form a significant part of advertising costs) to firms following different branding strategies. Findings from this study indicate that celebrity endorsement announcements from house-of-brands do not lead to any significant stock market returns (in terms of market value). Further, contrary to current literature, the results indicate that the congruence between brand and celebrity has no impact on returns to endorsements in India, warranting further examination of whether congruence or likeability is important in endorsements.
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Khanna, Tarun. "Learning From Economic Experiments in China and India." Academy of Management Perspectives 23, no. 2 (May 2009): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amp.2009.39985539.
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Panchamukhi, V. R. "Globalisation, Competition and Economic Stability." Paradigm 1, no. 2 (January 1998): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971890719980204.
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The GLJP strategy is complemented by market fundamentalism, implying major emphasis on market forces and reduction in the role of the state. The systematic revolution also implies significant structural changes But the phenomenon is not without paradoxes and calls for cautious steps. Various lessons are to be learnt from the Mexican misery. The author discusses in detail about the right approach for India so that the country evades any misery. The concept of ‘Tobin Tax’ is worth examining.
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Hayat, Muhammad Umer, Syeda Aqsa Sajjad, and Farrukh Shahzad. "GREAT POWERPLAY IN THE INDIAN OCEAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE REGION." Global Political Review V, no. IV (December 30, 2020): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(v-iv).08.
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The Indian Ocean is important due to its strategic location, geopolitical significance and trade activities being performed through it. The United States of America is attaining energy, and other resources have a deep interest in the region. China, through its "string of pearls strategy", is encountering the American goals in the regional by the promotion of its economic activities, securing its dominance in the region, thus posing a constant challenge to the later as well as a regional power i.e. India. Contending interests of regional and international powers in the Indian Ocean Region has led to power projection, affected the security environment, fuelling the issues. The necessity to preserve the available energy resources for survival and to meet future needs is attracting great powers to the Indian Ocean Region. The close alliance between the US and India and dwindling relations between the US and Pakistan are leading towards close ties between Pakistan and China.
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Shastri, Shruti, Geetilaxmi Mohapatra, and A. K. Giri. "Economic growth, renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption nexus in India." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 777–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-06-2019-0016.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the nexus among economic growth, nonrenewable energy consumption and renewable energy consumption in India over the period 1971-2017. Design/methodology/approach This study uses nonlinear autoregressive distributed lags model and asymmetric causality test to explore nonlinearities in the dynamic interaction among the variables. Findings The findings indicate that the impact of nonrenewable energy consumption and renewable energy consumption on the economic growth is asymmetric in both long run and short run. In long run, a positive shock in nonrenewable energy consumption and renewable energy consumption exerts a positive impact on growth. However, the negative shocks in nonrenewable energy consumption produce larger negative effects on the growth. The results of nonlinear causality test indicate a unidirectional causality from nonrenewable energy consumption and renewable energy consumption to economic growth and thus support “growth hypothesis” in context of India. Practical implications The findings imply that policy measures to discourage nonrenewable energy consumption may produce deflationary effects on economic growth in India. Further, the findings demonstrate the potential role of renewable energy consumption in promoting economic growth. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to explore nonlinearities in the relationship between economic growth and the components of energy consumption in terms of renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption.
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Kumar, Harish, and S. V. S. Chauhan. "Re-engineering Public Sector Enterprises." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 2, no. 2 (July 1998): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09722629x98002002009.
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In India, Public Sector was created to accelerate the growth of economy. But public sector enterprises have failed to accomplish this mission. There are several reasons for the ineffective functioning of public sector in the country. Recently Government of India has introduced certain economic reforms which have opened the Indian economy to the multinationals. To ensure survival and excellence, government organisations should follow private sector organisations and meet the challenges of multinational economy effectively.
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Tunviruzzaman, Reza, Tamanna Tahera, and Tasnise Zannat. "Economic & geopolitical opportunities and challenges for Bangladesh." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, no. 4 (June 15, 2021): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i4.1244.
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Investment seeking Bangladesh's economy is hungry for local and international finance for its infrastructure development. One Belt-One Road (OBOR) seems opened a golden door, not only for Bangladesh's economic reform but also created an opportunity for higher bilateral cooperation between China and Bangladesh. The geographical location of Bangladesh is playing a vital role despite being a small economy and territory in the region. Covering three sides of the Bangladeshi border, economically emerging state India has a sharp eye look on Bangladesh's strategies and policies more than any other time. The hostile looks of India (on China's OBOR initiative) are not an easy task for Bangladesh regarding Geopolitical & Economic strategies. Growing interests in Bangladesh among China and India appeared as a two-edged sword. However, India was the major trading partner of Bangladesh. However, China's trade with Bangladesh has increased manifold in recent years to surpass India from 2004 onwards. This is slowing down, and the change of economic relations between India and Bangladesh, coupled with strained and uncertain political relations, raises multiple concerns. Many dynamics have contributed to China's growing presence in Bangladesh compared to India's decline concerning trade and investment. India has lost out to China in many vital industries. While reviewing and assessing recent developments, the study also depicts a strategy to counter India's declining economic influence in Bangladesh.
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B, Kamaladevi. "Invest In India–The Foreign Direct Investment Scenario." Information Management and Business Review 2, no. 4 (April 15, 2011): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v2i4.893.
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Invest in India is an initiative to market India as an investment destination all over the globe, to provide a networking platform to the Indian businesses at a global level and to provide information to the international investors about investment opportunities in India. It is the policy of the Government of India to attract and promote productive Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from non-residents in activities which significantly contribute to industrialization and socio-economic development. FDI supplements the domestic capital and technology. This paper firstly speaks about the FDI culture in India, secondly, reviews economic reforms in India and global response to India’s reforms, the next level discusses the policy issues that would address India’s relative lack of success in attracting FDI and the ‘Expanding Opportunities for Global Retailers’ with reference to the retail sector. The last part reveals the key recommendations towards attracting Diaspora FDI. Based on the objective analysis, the key recommendations towards attracting FDI are revealed like allow 100 % FDI in retail and Small & Medium Enterprises (SME), develop a strategic vision for FDI with focus on latest technology, reduce the transaction costs & improve the infrastructure, international and domestic entrepreneurship, decentralize the administration process, reduce overly bureaucratic FDI facilities, private public partnership with private sector taking the lead, Indian professionals placed in key decision making positions, creative joint ventures and partnership to tap entrepreneurship and fix the policies to convert remittances into investment & create venture capital.
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Makarevich, Gleb G. "Maritime strategy of Pakistan: Development and future prospects." Asia and Africa Today, no. 7 (2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750014631-6.
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The Indian Ocean accounts half of the world's container shipments, two-thirds of oil product shipments and a third of bulk cargo. Pakistan as a significant regional power laying claims to a higher role in regional trade. But it demands effective naval forces capable of resisting both traditional (possible blockade of Pakistan's seaports if an armed conflict with India takes place) and non-traditional threats (piracy in the Strait of Hormuz). The article examines the evolution of Pakistan's naval strategy from the moment of gaining independence to the present day. The article provides a brief historical overview of the development of the country's naval strategy, analyzes the place of the Pakistani Navy in the armed forces, their role in the implementation of the China-Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC), considers Pakistan's initiatives in the field of regional maritime security, as well as the processes of modernizing the fleet. The author believes that the role of the Navy in Pakistan's grand strategy will only increase due to both economic and regional security factors. The author claims that the role of the maritime strategy and the Pakistani Navy in the country's foreign policy will increase, which is explained by the need to ensure maritime security to implement the key economic project of the CPEC, as well to build a regional security system in the Indian Ocean resistant to all types of threats. The author invokes historical methods to analyze the evolution of Pakistani maritime strategy and hermeneutics to consider the current development of the strategy and its prospects.