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1
Rao, N. "Exchange rate and commercial policy in a controlled trade regime : A case study of India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375699.
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Du, Preez Mari-Lise. "Is three a crowd or a coalition ? : India, Brazil and South Africa in the WTO /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/421.
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Paul, Sourabh Bikas. "Essays on economic development in India." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37189.
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My research is an empirical investigation of how some recent changes in the Indian economy have affected the most vulnerable sections of Indian society. The thesis has three chapters. The first chapter examines the impact of the tariff reductions undertaken in 1991 across different consumption groups. I evaluate the distributional impact of tariff reforms in India using household survey data. I estimate the overall gains coming from general equilibrium effects of the commodity market and labour market adjustment; all consumption groups have significant welfare gains. In addition, it appears that tariff reforms have a pro-poor distributional effect in rural areas and a pro-rich distributional effect in urban areas.
The second chapter deals with income opportunities of underprivileged classes in India. Can large macroeconomic changes also alter the historical economic mobility patterns of various social groups? We examine this question by contrasting the fortunes of the historically disadvantaged scheduled castes and tribes (SC/ST) in India with the rest of the workforce in terms of their education attainment, occupation choices and wages. Our key findings are that wages have been converging across the two groups with rising education attainments accounting for the majority of this convergence. SC/STs have also been switching occupations at increasing rates during this period. Moreover, inter-generational education and income mobility rates of SC/STs have converged to non-SC/ST levels.
In the third chapter, I present some estimates for India that demonstrate that structural changes in the impact of income on food demand have been significant factors driving the changes in dietary patterns in this rapidly growing economy. A Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System is estimated for six food groups. The estimation results confirm a shift in taste of both rural and urban households that explains low demand for nutrient-rich inexpensive food and a greater variety of expensive sources of nutrients. The quality of diet has been falling in terms of excessive fat intake with no sign of significant improvement in diet quality in terms of other nutrients.
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Venkatasubramaniam, Shivram 1964. "Economic development through entrepreneurship in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29720.
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Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-63).
Entrepreneurship, with all its attendant ingredients, is one of the best means of triggering economic and social development in developing countries like India. There are several staple and mandatory ingredients necessary for the nourishment of entrepreneurship such as capital, labor, management, and several others; and several milestones in the evolution of an entrepreneurial opportunity such as funding, recruitment, and so on. As entrepreneurship ideas and opportunities take form and substance, the prevailing process for entrepreneurship in a country results gradually guides an entrepreneur past numerous milestones. The value of entrepreneurship as an economic development tool lies in the compression and/or acceleration of the overall process of entrepreneurship in a country by providing pinpointed assistance in three areas viz. idea development, capital and skills procurement, and organizational growth. This is best achieved by an organizational entity committed to accelerating the entrepreneurship process. This thesis follows through on the above idea specifically in the context of India. India is a durable democracy with a long legacy and history of entrepreneurship dating back to the first century B.C. Modern India features political and economic policies that favour global trade and business, a reliable yet evolving regulatory and legal framework, a resilient financial system, an educated and English-speaking labor force that offers tremendous cost advantages and a growing educational infrastructure of education institutions that offer excellent higher education in technology and business. In summary, as developing countries go, India offers an excellent milieu for aspiring entrepreneurs. A summary country analysis detailing this forms the first part of the thesis. The thesis then identifies candidate business models that could effectively support the one-point agenda of catalyzing entrepreneurship. These four business models differ with respect to the organizational form of the entity concerned, the metrics for success, the measurement of the metrics, possible conflicts of interest, and the estimated overall risk of the venture in the Indian context. The most viable and effective business model is selected. Finally, the thesis builds on the model selected and presents a comprehensive business plan for accelerating entrepreneurship in India.
by Shivram Venkatasubramaniam.
S.M.M.O.T.
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Gupta, Abhay. "An analysis of economic growth in India." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23736.
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This dissertation is an empirical study of economic growth in India over the period of 1960-2004.
The objective of the first chapter is to provide robust and reproducible period-wise growth estimates for India. Detailed growth accounting shows that without accounting for human capital, total factor productivity (TFP)differences over time account for 48% to 69% of the output variation. If we include the role of education, TFP growth accounts for 35% to 70% of the total GDP growth between 1960 and 2004. Starting from a modest rate in the 1960s, productivity growth dipped and became negative in the 1970s.
This productivity growth rate began accelerating during the 1980s and it grew at an average rate of around 3% in the 1990s.
Chapter 2 calculates a large set of productivity growth estimates using the Annual Survey of Industries data. The results show that even though the net-value-added for all registered manufacturing grew at around 4.4% per year, the average yearly TFP growth rate was only 2.2%. In the sub-period of 1991-1997, input growth jumped but TFP growth became negative. But after 1998, the trend is reversed and output grows because of positive and large TFP growth in spite of the moderating input growth. Production function estimates show that in gross output the share of materials is 0.6, much larger than the capital and the labor shares. “Public corporations” experienced significant TFP growth after the reforms.
The last chapter provides an explanation for the sluggish performance of Indian manufacturing before the reforms. The interaction of quantitative
restriction policies and inflexible labor laws distorted the allocation of resources between intermediate inputs and labor inputs. Moreover, the combination of high inflation and the unavailability of credit exacerbated this factor distortion and lowered productivity growth further. Using panel data on Indian industries, this chapter finds underutilization of materials compared to labor until recently. The productivity growth is negatively related to labor growth and positively related to materials growth. Real wages
and labor productivity are negatively related to materials inflation and this relationship breaks down after the capital market reforms in the 1990s.
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Novosad, Paul. "Essays on Local Economic Growth in India." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11100.
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Figueras, Irma Clots. "Female political representation and economic development in India." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2692/.
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The first substantive chapter of this thesis studies the impact of a politician's gender on the educational achievements of a representative sample of Indian citizens aged 13-39 in 1999/2000. For this purpose I collected a unique and detailed dataset on politicians in India who contested in elections during 1967-2001 and I matched them to individuals by district of residence. These data allows me to identify close elections between women and men, which yield quasi-experimental election outcomes used to estimate the causal effect of a politician's gender. I find that increasing female political representation by 10 percentage points increases the probability that an individual attains primary education in urban areas by 6 percentage points, which is 21% of the difference in primary education attainment between the richest and the poorest Indian states. This framework is then applied in the second substantive chapter to analyze whether politicians in India favour individuals who share their same identity more than the rest in policy making. I do this by matching the politician's identity to the identity of the beneficiaries of educational policies. I focus on the two groups that have lower educational achievements in India: women and the Scheduled Castes and Tribes. I use reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SC/ST) and variation on female political representation in order to determine the politicians' identity. Results show that caste reservations only have a positive effect on the education received by SC/ST individuals when the proportion of SC/ST population in the district is high. Female politicians increase girls' education in urban areas. In addition when defining identity as gender and caste, results show that SC/ST female politicians increase women's and SC/ST's education while general female politicians increase women's and general individuals' education. Given that development policies are taken by the state governments, in the third substantive chapter I use panel data from the 16 main states in India during the period 1967-1999 to study the effects of having higher female representation in the State Legislatures on public goods provided, laws enacted and expenditure. I find that both the politicians' gender and caste matter for policy. Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe female legislators favour investments in primary education, and in beds in hospitals and dispensaries. They favour "women-friendly" laws, such as amendments to the Hindu Succession Act, proposed to give women the same inheritance rights as men and propoor redistributive policies such as land reforms. In contrast, general female legislators do not have any impact on "women-friendly" laws, oppose land reforms, invest in higher tiers of education and reduce social expenditure.
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Asher, Samuel Edward. "Three Essays on Local Economic Development in India." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10996.
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This dissertation examines the determinants of local economic and political development in India. In the first chapter, I study the impact that agricultural income shocks have on the local nonfarm economy. I find that positive rainfall shocks induce significant employment growth, not in the rural areas where agricultural production takes place but in the nearby towns. Manufacturing firms in particular respond to changes in agricultural production. Further investigation suggests that the most likely mechanism is a capital channel by which local agricultural surplus funds investments in urban manufacturing. In the second chapter, I examine the relationship between natural resource wealth and political outcomes. The interaction of mineral deposit locations and global price changes provide exogenous variation in the value of mineral wealth of state legislative assembly constituencies in India. I find that margins of victory, incumbency advantages and politician criminality are increasing in local mineral wealth. I test three channels for the criminality effect: (i) greater criminality in office; (ii) adverse selection of politicians into the political system; and (iii) greater success of criminal candidates in elections, finding the strongest evidence for the third effect. Finally, in the third chapter, I evaluate the importance of transportation costs to rural economic development. I take advantage of the allocation rules of a large-scale road construction program in India to estimate the impact of village roads on nonfarm economic activity. I find that new paved roads lead to large increases in village employment. Roads lead to an increase in firm size, suggesting that firms are inefficiently small when transport costs are high. Further, I find evidence that roads are most effective in the presence of electricity, suggesting complementarities between infrastructural investments.Economics
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Gupta, Manish. "Restricting greenhouse gas emissions : economic implications for India /." New Delhi : Serials Publ, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/522298486.pdf.
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Fish, Chelsea Ann. "Land Acquisition for Special Economic Zones in India." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/110377.
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GeographyM.A.
This study is an exploration of land acquisition for Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in India. Land acquisition has become one of the most well known problems confronting the SEZ policy and other policies that encourage private investment in infrastructure. Land acquisition for SEZs has caused widespread popular mobilizations and resistance, which have in turn led to cost overruns, delays, and project failures. This study examines India's land acquisition framework, particularly the evolution of the Land Acquisition Act 1894, in order to understand the factors contributing to acquisition problems when the state uses its power of eminent domain, as well as when private developers attempt to acquire land through consensual market transactions. It uses two SEZs spanning over 14,000 hectares of land near Mumbai--Navi Mumbai SEZ and Mumbai SEZ--as cases through which to examine the land acquisition process.
Temple University--Theses
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Stein, Daniel. "Rainfall index insurance in India." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/167/.
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This thesis provides three works which each contribute to understanding of the promising yet struggling market for rainfall index insurance in India. The first chapter contains an analysis of the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for rainfall insurance by poor farmers in Gujarat, India. It develops a theoretical model to predict individual WTP and contrasts it with emprical estimates of WTP using the Becker-DeGroot-Marshalk (BDM) mechanism. We find that BDM works well as a predictor of WTP, but that our model significantly overestimates WTP. The second chapter seeks to provide a possible explanation for demand being lower than theoretical predictions by looking at the dynamics of insurance demand. Using a panel dataset of insurance purchasers in India, it shows that people who receive an insurance payout are 9-22% more likely to purchase insurance the following year. The results are consistent with a dynamic model of insurance demand featuring loss aversion, in which receiving an insurance payout shifts the reference point such that people become more risk averse the following season. I provide evidence against other possible explanations, such as increased trust and learning about insurance, and direct effects of bad weather. The final chapter explores the possibility that combining rainfall insurance with savings may result in a more attractive financial product than insurance on its own. We conduct a laboratory experiment with Indian farmers that uses the BDM mechanism to assess the valuation of various insurance/savings combinations, which we title WISAs (Weather Insured Savings Accounts). We find that, contrary to theoretical predictions, most people prefer both pure savings and pure insurance to any combination of the two. This paper hopefully provides valuable contibutions to solving the puzzle of how to shield poor farmers from uncertain rainfall.
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Nyrell, Lina, Jimmie Björkman, and Lovisa Petersson. "Formulation Of Marketing Strategy In India : Application of the Global Strategy Formulation Model." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-6201.
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Abstract
As a part of the strategic planning process a company has to formulate a marketing strategy before entering a new market. For global marketers, formulation of a global marketing strategy is of big importance since it contributes benefits, including raising the efficacy of new-products launches, cost reduction and improving product quality and market share performance. India is a fast growing subcontinent and it is predicted to be among the top five economies in the world by the year 2025. The driving force in the Indian economy is the growing number of people from the middle class, which currently consists of over 300 million Indians. They are consuming progressively more western brands and more and more foreign companies are establishing in the country.
The purpose of this thesis is to get a better understanding of the Indian market in order to formulate a strategy for this market. The thesis aim to identify how a business to business company, with baby products aimed for the upper class segment, should formulate their marketing strategy. To be able to answer our research question we have conducted a number of qualitative interviews, including a focus group interview with potential Indian consumers. The result of our interviews, empirical data along with our collected theory shows that the Indian market is fragmented and diverse. This thesis tells us that a company offering exclusive products should focus on consumers living in urban areas of India. A company should considerate on important aspects when formulating a marketing strategy for the Indian market: Assessment and adjustment of core strategy (choice of competitive strategy), formulation of a global strategy (choice of competitive strategy, choice of segment, marketing in India, the purchase process, culture) and development of global marketing program (degree of standardization).
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Letha, Kannan Harini. "Electoral Manipulations, Economic Policies and Voting Behavior in India." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/56.
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This dissertation analyzes voting behavior and presence of political cycles in India. While such exercises have been carried out extensively in the context of developed countries and established democracies, there have been few studies on similar behavior in developing countries and new economies. The focus on India in this study may provide valuable insight into this literature in an area that has been largely ignored. Our findings suggest that political manipulation of taxes, grants and expenditures are prevalent at both the national and sub-national levels; though they are tempered by the nature of partisanship. However, while these manipulations may be economically inefficient, they are politically very strategic as incumbents seem to focus on manipulating those items for which they can claim sole responsibility. Indian voters seem to be fiscal conservatives, as they penalize increases in most items of expenditures and generally reward reductions in taxes. Evidence of yardstick effects in taxes is also presented. We find that a higher degree of ‘clarity of responsibility’ also fosters stronger economic voting effects. Voters seem to be cognizant of the division of functional responsibility between the two levels of government (the center and the state) and they evaluate their performance independently. Also, we find results consistent with the notion that the central government is responsible for the overall health of the economy as voters seem to penalize the central incumbent for increases in inflation and reward them for steady growth while being indifferent to such outcome variables while voting for the state level incumbent. The policy implications of such findings are also briefly discussed. It is a matter of grave concern if incumbents tailored policies to provide them with the biggest political payoff. This may lead to differences in economic development across states and the incidence of expenditure and tax changes may fall unfairly on the most vulnerable people of the society. There are also important insights on assignment of responsibility and the ‘how’ of political interference which would aid us in building more comprehensive political economy models that are closer to reflecting reality than purely economic models commonly used today.
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Stewart, Ross King. "Income Inequality and Economic Growth: The Case of India." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117362.
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L'entorn econòmic de l'Índia ha canviat significativament a partir de la seva independència de Gran Bretanya l'any 1947. Després de més de tres dècades de creixement econòmic mediocre, els 80 va marcar el començament d'una nova etapa d'altes taxes de creixement econòmic a partir de noves polítiques econòmiques més orientades a una més competitiva economia de mercat. Tot i la millora en taxes de creixement, aquest model de creixement es basava en gran mesura en un gran protagonisme per part de la despesa pública, el que va precipitar la crisi financera de 1991. Com a resultat d'aquesta crisi i l'assistència proporcionada pel FMI, es van introduir reformes desreguladores i liberalitzadores. La dècada dels 90 va ser acompanyada de taxes de creixement encara més altes que la dècada anterior. En la dècada més recent, els 2000, l'obertura estable de l'economia Índia ha permès taxes de creixement més altes que en les dècades anteriors. Desafortunadament, aquest gran creixement econòmic ha anat acompanyat amb un augment important dels nivells de desigualtat d'ingrés durant aquest mateix període, tant a nivell nacional com entre els estats que formen part de l'Índia. Aquesta tesi es concentra en l'estudi de la relació entre creixement econòmic i desigualtat de l'ingrés, tant a nivell nacional com entre els estats. Aquest projecte de recerca també inclou cobertura exhaustiva respecte a l'evolució d'altres variables macroeconòmiques als dos nivells: nacional i inter-estatal.El entorno económico de la India ha cambiado significativamente a partir de su independencia de Gran Bretaña en el año 1947. Después de más de tres décadas de crecimiento económico mediocre, los 80 marcó el comienzo de una nueva etapa de altas tasas de crecimiento económico a partir de nuevas políticas económicas más orientadas a una más competitiva economía de mercado. A pesar de la mejora en tasas de crecimiento, dicho modelo de crecimiento se basaba en gran medida en un gran protagonismo por parte del gasto público, lo que precipitó la crisis financiera de 1991. Como resultado de dicha crisis, y la asistencia proporcionada por el FMI se introdujeron reformas desreguladoras y liberalizadoras. La década de los 90 fue acompañada de tasas de crecimiento aún más altas que la década anterior. En la década más reciente, los 2000, la apertura estable de la economía India ha permitido tasas de crecimiento más altas que en las décadas anteriores. Desafortunadamente, este gran crecimiento económico ha ido acompañado con un aumento importante de los niveles de desigualdad de ingreso durante este mismo periodo, tanto a nivel nacional como entre los estados que forman parte de la India. Esta tesis se concentra en el estudio de la relación entre crecimiento económico y desigualdad del ingreso, tanto a nivel nacional como entre los estados. Dicho proyecto de investigación también incluye cobertura exhaustiva con respecto a la evolución de otras variables macroeconómicas a los dos niveles: nacional e inter-estatal.
India’s economic climate has experienced significant change since its independence from Great Britain in 1947. After more than three decades of mediocre economic growth, the 1980s ushered in a new era of accelerated growth rates by way of promoting a more efficient pro-business model. Despite the improvement in growth rates, the 1980s were fueled by over zealous public spending, precipitating the well-known financial crisis in 1991. As a result of the crisis, and the IMF supplied aid contingent on the introduction of gradual deregulatory reforms of the Indian economy, the 1990s brought about even greater economic growth rates than the previous decade. Into the 2000s, India’s continued and steady opening has afforded even further acceleration in growth rates. Despite these positive developments in the Indian economy, the unfortunate truth is that income inequality has likewise been increasing over this same period, most notably across the states. This dissertation endeavors to apply the established macroeconomic field dedicated to the study of income inequality’s effect on economic growth to the case of India, both at the national level and even more critically at the state level. Our research also includes exhaustive coverage regarding the evolution of other relevant macroeconomic variables across states, as well as nationally.
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Sindhu, Jasleen. "Impact of economic liberalisation on regional disparities in India." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507295.
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Udayakumar, Suhasini. "Socio-Economic Sustainability of Rural Energy Access in India." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-180366.
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Rural energy access has been a persistent issue in India causing the country to become one of the most energy poor nations of the world. Despite the launch of several heavily funded programs for the provision of electricity and modern fuels to rural areas, majority of the country‘s village households remain neglected and deficient in energy. Calls have been made for the reconstruction of policies, programs and institutional frameworks that engage in dispersion of energy to the rural poor. Such policies, programs and institutional frameworks vary across different states within India. These differences need to be understood in depth to formulate suitable mechanisms for energy access. In particular, social and economic aspects of energy access need to be studied to overcome barriers in providing energy to the rural poor. This study discerns how different states are performing in terms of providing sustainable energy access to rural people. It conducts an analysis of the socio-economic sustainability of energy access to the rural household in six states of the country (Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan and West Bengal) over the course of two time periods(1996-2002, 2005-2011), with the aid of key performance indicators. Results indicate that all the states have improved their energy access conditions over the past few decades. However, the rates of growth are vastly different and some states still continue to remain highly inadequate in their performances. Punjab has consistently been the most successful state while West Bengal continues to be the most energy-poor state despite a reasonable growth in energy sustainability. The possible reasoning behind these disparities could be dissimilarity in economic development between the states, size and population density of the states, isolation of villages and ineffectiveness and inequity of subsidy schemes. These needs further exploration at individual state level. Transition to less-expensive and easily installable renewable technologies, communicating benefits of modern energy to rural population and channeling subsidies towards lower income groups can improve reach of modern energy towards the rural poor of India.
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Bhatia, Mrigesh Roopchandra. "Economic evaluation of malaria control interventions in Surat, India." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249409.
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Hou, Na. "Arms Race, Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in India." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/652/.
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This thesis aims to study the causes and effects of military expenditure on economic growth in India. Three aspects of this subject are concentrated which link well with the core stylised facts of the Indian defence effort and its developmental problems: the 'security dilemma' in terms of its relationship with its neighbour, Pakistan; the core factors that motivate the demand for defence; the economic impact of militarization and the effect of defence on development. First, the arms race between India and Pakistan is analyzed by using a Richardson action-reaction model and cointegration techniques. The empirical results provide robust evidence to support the existence of an enduring arms race between India and Pakistan, even after taking into account a structural break. Second, the results indicate that India's military expenditure is mainly determined by income, political status, the perceived threat from Pakistan and the external wars both in the long-run and in the short-run. Third, the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth is studied in India and in a broader context, i.e. in a cross-sectional and panel data study of 36 developing countries. The significant and negative effect of defence on economic growth is confirmed in both cases.
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Srinivas, Nidhi. "Crafting consensus in the third world : strategy formation in the third sector." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38419.
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There has during a rapid growth of third sector organizations (TSOs) in the third world during the 1990s. Such growth has occurred during a period of severe cutbacks in state investment as well as rapid globalization of trade. Social activists have often organized TSOs in these countries as an alternative to private and public organizations. However the question of how leaders and managers of these TSOs sustain their activities remains important. Their dilemma of help is the focus of this study.Through a study of strategy formation in three third sector organizations in the third world, this study focuses on how TSOs can be sustainable yet effective change agents. It develops a typology of TSOs with particular attention to type of third sector activity (operating, support, community), type of organizational form (Grassroots initiatives, Grassroots Organizations, Grassroots Federations, Development Support Organizations and International Development Support Organizations) and dominant strategy approach (domain, distinctiveness, and design). This study argues that attention to these three aspects needs to be complemented by exploring the processes through which strategies form in these organizations.
Accordingly the strategy process in three TSOs in South India was examined, in particular the origin of the strategy, tactics of consensus, and interests of participants. Examining the strategy process in TSOs revealed that strategies originated in intent or event, promoters' consensus-tactics were conceived or improvised and participant's interests were fixed or shifting.
These findings on strategy process show varied origins, interests and consensus tactics in TSOs. They also seem to be associated with particular capacities in these organizations to perform their chosen activities, as well as with changes in mission. The study concludes with a discussion of the significance of these findings and a call for bridging the literatures on good management and effective social change, for further researching capacity building in TSOs, and encouraging initiatives for cross sector learning.
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Sun, Meng Qi. "Analysis of India's nuclear strategy :why India insist on developing nuclear weapons?" Thesis, University of Macau, 2015. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3335229.
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Indira, Nagaraju Rajeev. "India's Economic Growth: Role of Political Performance and Gender Wage Gap." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4370.
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This dissertation will explore how gender wage gap and political capacity represented by relative political extraction affect change in economic growth rate of a country. The main argument of the study is that gender wage gap is affecting the labor market by discouraging productive female labor force from entering the labor market. This in turn affects the efficiency and productivity of the labor market reflected in negative economic growth or economic growth potential being compromised. Here the case of Indian economy is examined. The important policy implication of this study is that it could account for the wage differential between genders and it could show how economies are missing out on the labor productivity and in turn negatively affecting the rate of economic growth.
Various sociological literatures have dealt in depth with the gender wage gap and its effect on the socio-cultural fabric of a society. While the current study recognizes existence of extensive sociological theories on gender wage gap, the focus is on the economic impact of gender wage gap on the growth rate change of a country. The argument is that gender wage gap negatively affects the economic growth rate change.
Economic growth literature have proved beyond doubt that economic and political factor together contribute to the economic growth of a country. Political variables such as political capacity reflects the efficiency of the government in resource extraction, its reach and allocation of those resources extracted. Such an efficient government provides the necessary environment for the economic growth. However, this political variable alone is not enough to increase economic growth of an economy. Rather governments must also possess the economic tools necessary, such as capital stock, human labor and labor force.
These economic and political variables together can contribute towards an increased economic growth. How these political and economic factors combine to achieve economic growth of a country? Hence this study looks at both the economic and political variables in a model to see how they affect economic growth.
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Singh, Swati. "Microcredit, Women, and Empowerment: Evidence From India." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699847/.
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Microfinance programs, by providing financial services to economically disadvantaged individuals, generally women, are intended to help poor self-employ and become financially independent. Earlier research in India has documented both positive and negative consequences of microfinance programs on women, from financial independence to domestic abuse. However, most of the research has been geographically limited to the southern states of the country, with a matured microfinance industry, and has given little attention to how variations in cultural practices across different regions of the country may influence the impact of microfinance programs on its members. To fill the gap in the existing literature, three related studies of Indian women were conducted. The first study was a qualitative study of 35 women engaged in microfinance programs in the northern region of India. The study found that women engaged in microfinance programs reported having increased social networks, higher confidence and increased social awareness. The second and third studies used nationally representative data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) 2005-2006. Controlling for a variety of other individual-level and community-level characteristics, the second study examined if getting a microloan affected women’s access to public spaces, and the third examined if getting such a loan influenced married women’s participation in household decision-making. Both studies further investigated if the microloan effect on these dimensions of women’s empowerment varied by the normative context of woman’s respective communities. The results indicated that, all else equal, women who had ever taken a microloan were more likely to go alone to places outside their home such as market, health clinics and places outside the community compared to women who had never taken such a loan. Getting a microloan also had a positive effect on women’s participation in decisions about large household purchases and husband’s earnings. The hypothesized moderating effect of the normative context of women’s respective communities was found only for women’s participation in decisions about large household purchases. Getting a microloan had a stronger positive effect on women’s participation in these decisions if they lived in communities with restrictive gender norms.
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Srivastava, Prachi. "Putting developing country partners first : a case study examining the contributing factors of developing country partner ownership in a development project." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64194.pdf.
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Supit, Benyamen N. "Privatization in Indonesia : one economic strategy to accelerate economic growth /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA313373.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1996.Thesis advisor(s: Robert E. Looney, Peter C. Frederiksen. "June 1996." Bibliography: p. 85-87. Also available online.
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Roberts, Justin Gareth. "Aid programmes by the governments of India and China to Nepal." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18812430.
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Park, Thea Alexander. "Broken barrier : mobility, political unionism and economic informality in India." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33798.
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Economic informality is often treated as defining a segregated, leeching, anti-systemic and apolitical sphere of an economic system. While an estimate 2.8 times the combined total populations of Canada and the United States comprise the informal labour population of India, the visibility of the workers involved is largely obstructed by a combination of natural and forced anonymity. Political unionism is shown as an imperfect instrument to respond to the varied interests of union members in addition to falling under criticism as a privileged process for an elitist, minority section of the working class in India. One of two labour unions recognized as clearly outside political associations is the Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA), through which the voice, struggle and intense productivity of workers dubbed part of the informal economic sphere has been brought to the attention of domestic and international policy initiatives. In an analysis of studies engaging with the organized bidi workers of Gujarat and the history of political unionism in India, we see that the barrier between formal and informal is quite firmly an inaccurate product of our analysis. While individual agency in India should be supported and targeted for improvement by international labour laws, conventions and organizations, there needs to be a realization that protection from exploitation is necessary yet blind incorporation of the informal into the formal is not the logical conclusion for sustainable development practices.
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Gadagkar, Sharadhi. "Economic Development in India and the Interconnection to Foreign Investment." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/243951.
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This paper looks at the history of economic development in India, and then goes on to show how India's liberalizing reforms has allowed it to become a strong contender in International foreign investment. I begin by establishing how India's economic outlook has changed over the years, and what brought about these changes. By making such changes, I then focus on India's foreign investment and relationship with parts of Africa, and then compare this investment with China's substantial position Africa as well. I discuss the differences - both beneficial and not - of having government led versus private led foreign investment.
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Schuchman, Nina Shayne. "Environmental and economic tradeoffs in building materials production in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90061.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-91).
The current and projected growth of India's economy and population will continue to lead to increased demand for buildings and infrastructure, and there is a real need to consider what this increase means in terms of natural resource depletion, air pollution, contributions to global warming through greenhouse gas emissions during production and transport, and energy demands to be placed on an already strained energy network. Fired-clay bricks are the most commonly used building material in India, but recently, masonry units that don't require firing (stabilized bricks) have penetrated the market. There has been an exploration of the amalgamation of traditional earthen building materials combined with chemical binders. While these masonry materials are often considered superior in terms of environmental impact due to their lack of firing in visceral, black smoke-producing kilns, as well as their typically local (even on-site) production, there has been limited research into their actual environmental footprint. This thesis establishes models for robust analysis, and analyzes the environmental and cost tradeoffs associated with various building materials' choices to evaluate the hypothesis that the optimal materials choice is heavily dependent on the local soil composition and industrial ecosystem. That is, there is likely not one answer to the question of which is better: traditional fired clay bricks (red bricks) or alternative, cementitious materials, and instead, decision making must be assisted by analysis of the overall environmental impact of the upstream production and transportation of each material. Because of the variety of conditions throughout India, there is a need for this sort of tool to perform these analyses to determine the conditions under which different building materials have better environmental and/or economic outcomes. The analyses performed in this thesis conclude that there is the potential for alternative materials to break into the market, particularly in areas where red bricks are not produced on an industrial scale.
by Nina Shayne Schuchman.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Girard, Victoire. "The economic relevance of caste and religious identities in India." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010027.
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L’identité est une nouvelle frontière pour la recherche en économie. Nombre de questions en cours d’exploration, telles que les conflits, la coopération,la culture, la confiance, le bonheur, ou le capital social, remontent à une question liée à l’identité. Cette thèse se focalise sur les conditions qui rendent une identité saillante à travers l’étude des identités de caste et de religion en Inde rurale. Il s’agit d’une contribution empirique, qui s’appuie sur des données villages et ménages. Cette thèse se concentre en particulier sur les conflits ou la ségrégation, qui sont autant de signaux que les identités de groupe sont saillantes. Ainsi, cette thèse étudie les raisons qui peuvent rendre une identité de caste ou de religion importante pour les conflits (première partie), et l’accès aux bien publics (deuxième partie). Dans les chapitres 1 et 2, je documente que les différences entre les groupes, qu’elles portent soit sur les bénéfices retirés de biens censés être publics, ou sur la distribution de la richesse, peuvent affecter la relation entre identité et conflit dans l’inde rurale. Dans le chapitre 3, je montre que le processus d’exclusion peut être modifié par des interventions politiques, en l’occurrence la mise en place de quotas en faveur des basses castes, cependant les quotas apparaissent n’avoir d’effet que pendant le mandat où le quota est en placeIdentity is a new frontier for research in economics. Many of the puzzles in economics today can be traced back to a question of identity: conflict, cooperation, culture, trust, happiness, and social capital, among others. This dissertation asks which conditions make an identity salient through the case studyof caste and religious identities in India. It is an empirical contribution, relying on village and household level data. This dissertation studies whether and howcaste or religious identities matter for conflicts (first part), and public goods access(second part). In Chapters 1 and 2, I document that differences in either group level payoff (from supposed-to-be public goods), or wealth distribution, can affectthe relation between identity and conflict. In Chapter 3, I show that process ofexclusion can be modified by political interventions, namely the imposition of political quotas in favor of the low castes
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Strachey, Antonia. "The Princely States v British India : fiscal history, public policy and development in modern India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4bceba59-198a-4be8-b405-b9448fd70126.
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This dissertation examines how direct versus indirect rule shaped late colonial India through government finance. Fiscal policy has hitherto been overlooked in the literature on Indian economic history. This thesis considers how revenues were raised and spent in the Princely States compared with British India, and the welfare outcomes associated with these fiscal decisions. Part One examines the fiscal framework through the neglected public accounts. The key finding is that while the systems of taxation were broadly similar in both types of administration, patterns of public expenditure were dramatically different. The large Princely States spent more public revenue on social expenditure. This was made possible by lower proportionate expenditure on security and defence. Part one charts these trends empirically and unearths political and institutional reasons for the differences in fiscal policy between directly and indirectly ruled India. Part Two examines welfare. The study goes beyond previous anthropometric scholarship by assessing the impact of institutions and policies on biological living standards, deploying a new database of adult male heights in South India. Puzzlingly, heights were slightly lower in the Princely States, traditionally lauded for being more responsive to the needs of their populations, especially those of low status. The resolution to the conundrum is found in poorer initial conditions, and caste dynamics. Higher social expenditure and reduced height inequality occurred simultaneously in the States from the 1910s, suggesting policies directed at low status groups within the Princely States may have been successful. I also examine the consequences of Britain's policy of constructing an extensive rail network across the country. Importantly, the impact of railways differed by caste. Railways were good for High Caste groups, and bad for low status Dalit and Tribal groups. This suggests that railways served to reinforce the existing caste distinctions in access to resources and net nutrition.
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Shanahan, Teresa L. "The United States and India: strategy for the 1990's." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26316.
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Munro, Laura. "Risk sharing, networks and investment choices in rural India." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3149/.
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Risk is central in the study of rural development. To cope with risk, smallholder farmers rely on a range of formal and informal insurance mechanisms: an extensive literature has explored their interactions. Yet, our understanding of the implications of these interactions for smallholder farmers’ decision-making is incomplete. This thesis addresses this scholarly gap by shedding new light on the risk-related decisions of smallholder farmers and the mechanisms through which networks affect these decisions. To do so, it relies on a combination of experimental and non-experimental economic analyses. The first chapter draws on a framed field experiment in Gujarat, India to explore the effect of selling weather index insurance to groups (as opposed to individuals) on the investment decisions of the insured. The analysis reveals that group pressure reduces risk taking among individuals with group insurance in contexts with perfect information about peer investment decisions. Group insurance thus suffers from the same potential pitfall as group microcredit. The second chapter examines the extent to which informal transfers can explain take-up of individual weather index insurance. It aims to disentangle two channels through which informal transfers influence decisions to purchase insurance: (i) informal risk sharing and (ii) moral hazard. As in the first chapter, the study draws on a framed field experiment in Gujarat. The main finding of this experiment is that redistribution norms reduce take-up: moral hazard leads to lower levels of insurance coverage. The final chapter builds on these results with a nonexperimental analysis of panel data from a rural household survey in India. It examines how cultural obligations to redistribute within networks affect investments in selfprotection. The empirical evidence suggests that increases in individual income lead to higher investments, but increases in network income lead to lower investments due to moral hazard. Collectively, the three papers nuance our understanding of how redistribution norms affect the risk-related decisions of the rural poor. While not negating their consumption smoothing benefits, this thesis indicates that networks also affect decision-making via group pressure and moral hazard. Such externalities could be forestalled by targeting insurance in rural areas with weaker redistributive norms or modifying insurance policy designs. Further research on the welfare implications of such approaches is thus recommended.
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Shembavnekar, Nihar S. "Did India's economic reforms generate jobs? : essays on economic liberalisation, labour market flexibility and employment in the Indian manufacturing sector (1990-2006)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/72555/.
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Whether economic liberalisation generates employment in developing countries remains a matter of debate in academic and policy circles. This thesis explores the labour market implications of a series of liberalising product market reforms initiated in India in the 1990s. The analysis of Chapter 2 indicates that declines in input tariffs are associated with increased formal firm employment across all Indian states, while FDI reform is associated with increased (reduced) formal firm employment in states with flexible (inflexible) labour markets (1990-1997). The FDI effect holds for permanent employment in both groups of states but only affects casual (contract) employment to a significant extent in states with flexible labour markets. The evidence is supportive of the baseline results being driven by product market competition within the formal sector. Chapter 3 reveals that tariff liberalisation is not associated with significant changes in employment in informal enterprises, possibly because these enterprises rarely engage in international trade. However, on average and ceteris paribus, delicensing (FDI reform) is associated with statistically significant increases in informal employment and informal enterprise numbers in states with inflexible (flexible) labour markets (1990-2001). There is some evidence that the delicensing effect is attributable to increases in product market competition in delicensed industries in the post-reform period. The mechanism underlying the result associated with FDI liberalisation is more uncertain and could be one or a combination of competition and collaborative linkages between informal and formal manufacturers. Chapter 4 examines the impact of a post-1996 policy reform (‘SSI dereservation'), which liberalised product markets that had long been reserved for small businesses, on employment in informal manufacturing enterprises. On average and ceteris paribus, dereservation is associated with increased employment in larger informal ‘establishments', but not in tiny household enterprises (1995-2006), attributable in part to increases in product market competition with large formal firms.
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Taylor, Matthew P. "Pakistan's Kashmir policy and strategy since 1947." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FTaylor.pdf.
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Raman, Manoj. "Development and international business : an application to India." Thesis, City University London, 1999. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7746/.
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The issue of development in emerging markets has moved on from the polarized debates along ideological lines about the state vs. markets, to focusing mainly on economic indicators. Increasingly, as knowledge becomes the main focus of development, it is acknowledged that the state can play a positive role in promoting its growth. To try and analyse these developments, it is imperative that we appreciate the role of differing business systems that impose constraints on development, especially in influencing capital allocation in the system. The emergence of cybercities in impoverished developing countries like India need to be analysed to appreciate the factors that will influence the trends in development - the success of such cities can be attributed to the positive role played by the state and the clustering of software industries around centres of knowledge. We develop frameworks to analyse to compare the existing forms of corporate governance, and a third system for emerging economies such as Asia or Europe. We also develop frameworks to analyse market exchange and alternative frameworks from modern and pre-modern societies, in order to understand the nature of exchange in intangible and inalienable assets such as knowledge. We apply these frameworks to Indian software industry to give us an insight into how India has managed to emerge as a significant player in the software industry. We conclude that the political embeddedness of the various institutions and organisations are playing a critical role in shaping its business systems which is at the crossroads between a pluralist shareholder and corporatist stakeholder system. Also, these factors are forcing the Indian software industry to focus on the lower end of the value chain.
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Chatterji, R. "The behaviour of industrial prices in India 1947-1977." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372866.
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Jayappa, Vinay. "Economic perspective of farmers indebtedness in suicidal prone area - Punjab, India." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4157.
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Figueirêdo, Lízia de. "The new economic geography and regional growth in Brazil and India." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28684/.
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This dissertation tries to contribute to empirically assess hypotheses of the "New Economic Geography". Specifically, we tested the relevance of the combination of lower transportation cost with the role of economies of scale in explaining the regional distribution of total activity and of industrial activity. Economies of scale are assumed to be due to "backward and forward" linkages among firms. We also took into account congestion effects and asymmetry among regions. The model was tested for the regions of Brazil, in the period 1950-1995 and 1970-1995, and for the regions of India, in the period 1961-1991. Using panel results, we observed that transportation costs were generating concentration of total activity in the periods 1950-1995 arid 1950- 1970. For these samples, there is evidence that economies of scales were a cause of concentration of total activity. Other forces, not explained by the model, were generating dispersion and so were congestion effects. For the period 1970-1995, we found that congestion effects and lower transportation cost were helping to disperse economic activity, in the panel results. Economies of scale were not, contrary to the model's predictions, helping economic growth. In the case of Brazil, for the 18-state samples, industrial activity tended to concentrated due to the effects of lower transportation cost, although higher industrial growth rates were a characteristic of the states with less economies of scales. In the case of India, strong concentration effects were taking place, both due to lower transportation cost and due to other reasons. Economies of scale were not important in the explanation of the path of India activity.
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Jenkins, Robert S. "Democratic adjustment : explaining the political sustainability of economic reform in India." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363367.
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Guinness, Lorna. "Economic analysis of scaling up HIV prevention interventions in Southern India." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2006. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/1567779/.
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This thesis explores the impact of scale on the costs of HIV prevention interventions and the contractual relationships between governments and NGOs in two Southern Indian states. Evidence on the resources required and organisational structures for scaling up health interventions efficiently in low income countries is scarce. The Indian National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) is tackling the largest HIV epidemic in the world. Between 1998 and 2004 the NACP, through state level AIDS programmes, scaled up contracting with NGOs delivering priority targeted HIV prevention projects for high risk populations by increasing the number of NGO projects. Standardised data on production costs and qualitative data on transaction costs were collected and analysed from a sample of these NGO projects in two Indian states. Two data sets are used to explore the impact of increasing coverage on costs: economic cost data from 17 case study interventions; and expenditure data from 82 interventions contracted by one of the state programmes. An econometric cost function examines the influence of coverage on costs. Factors affecting the transaction costs of HIV prevention programmes supporting large numbers of contracts with NGOs are identified from document review and semi-structured interviews. Across the interventions there are variations in coverage, and total and average costs (median cost per person reached is US$ 19.21 (range: US$ 10-51 )). Coverage explains over 50% of the variation in total costs. The cost function estimates confirm a non-linear relationship between average cost and coverage. The two states use different contracting models: direct contracting; and contracting a management agency for NGO recruitment, monitoring and evaluation and technical support. The management agency reduces opportunity costs of leakage and poor quality and copes better with large scale contracting than direct contracting. More efficient scaling up could be achieved by increasing the number of interventions delivered by an NGO rather than recruiting new NGOs. Through better understanding costs and transaction costs, the thesis demonstrates that the economies of scale vary with coverage and that governance must adapt with increasing scale of operation.
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Thakur, Sudhir K. "Structure and structural changes in India: A fundamental economic structure approach." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1092857658.
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Karambelkar, Surabhi. "Hydropower Development in India: The Legal-Economic Design to Fuel Growth?" UNIV NEW MEXICO, SCH LAW, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625404.
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Economic liberalization beginning in the early 1990s has represented a paradigm shift in policy discourse in India, from social welfare to economic growth. With its potential benefits of generating power for the growing economy and significant revenue through electricity sales and royalty payments, hydropower development has received center-stage in the hydro-rich but economically weaker Himalayan states of India. Using an institutional approach to examine the evolution of laws and policies on electricity, land, environment, and water, this article seeks to uncover how prevailing legal and economic systems prioritize hydropower generation over other water uses. It argues that federal and state governments have brought about regulatory changes that tip the allocation and distribution of resources and wealth in the favor of increasingly private sector-dominated hydropower development. This resource colonization favors maximizing returns on investment at the expense of minimizing environmental and social costs. The case of the Indian state of Uttarakhand illustrates the structural power of the state government to frame and enforce laws to protect hydropower development while forgoing considerations of environmental flows and the de facto water rights of communities. Changing this status quo will require fundamental alterations to the current institutional structures to ensure a more just and equitable hydropower development regime. These changes-which give greater consideration to socio-environmental sustainability and promote integrated water resources management-should comprise: acknowledging ecosystem and water rights; creating mechanisms where local communities can contest unfair resource allocation; delineating guidelines for states' role as public trustees of water; promoting local participation in monitoring related to hydropower projects; and balancing economic goals with alternative water uses.
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Turpin, MacKenzie. "A Clinical and Economic Perspective of Ophthalmological Disease in Rural India." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32792.
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Background: Cataracts represent the major cause of blindness worldwide, disproportionately affecting such low-income countries as India. Accordingly, these cases are largely preventable, resulting in avoidable clinical and economic effects. Methods: This analysis consists of three parts: i) an exploratory systematic review of the literature to determine the extent to which the economic impact of blindness in India is known; ii) an epidemiological investigation of ophthalmological diagnosis in school age children in rural India; and iii) an examination of the determinants of cataract incidence and cataract surgical outcomes in a special Indian population through binomial logistic regression. Results: Cost estimates for blindness in India were $4.4 billion in 1997 – further investigation with current figures is needed. Costs also stem from more qualitative effects such as caregivers missing work as a result of depression. Vitamin A deficiency was not evident in school age children, though select ophthalmic diagnoses were associated with age and gender. In the adult population, determinants of cataract incidence included age, gender, occupation and caste, while surgical outcome was mainly dependent on occupation and severity of ophthalmic disease. Conclusions: The issue of blindness in India is multifaceted, and complicated by lack of knowledge of current prevalence. Further investigation into how select factors contribute to ophthalmic health, and into possible preventative strategies, is needed.
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Valler, David Charles. "Private sector involvement in local economic strategy." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360302.
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Rehman, Iskander. "India and its Navy in the XXIst Century." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0056.
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La réorientation stratégique des États-Unis vers l’espace indo-pacifique a été accompagnée par un regain d’intérêt pour ce qui est des questions maritimes. A la différence des théâtres principaux de la Guerre Froide, la géographie stratégique et économique de la région est fortement marquée par ses larges océans, ses détroits congestionnes, et ses eaux contestées. En conséquent, les profils nivaux des deux grandes puissances émergentes asiatiques, l’Inde et la Chine, ont attire une quantité non négligeable de travaux académiques. Cependant, alors que diverses études se sont focalises sur le rôle de la marine chinoise en tant que composante d’une stratégie militaire plus globale, jusqu’a récemment la majorité des explorations détaillées de la puissance navale indienne se sont penches sur la marine indienne elle-même, plutôt que sur la question de comment la quête de la puissance maritime s’articulait au sein d’une “grande stratégie” (grand strategy) plus compréhensive. Se basant sur plusieurs années de travail de terrain en Inde, en Chine, au Sri Lanka, ainsi qu’aux États-Unis, et plus d’une centaine d’entretiens avec des officiers de la marine indienne, ainsi qu’avec des responsables gouvernementaux ou militaires indiens, chinois, pakistanais, ou américains ; cette thèse vise a donner lieu a une meilleure compréhension-a la fois plus nuancée et aboutie-des tenants et des aboutissants de la modernisation navale indienne. Pour être plus précis, cette thèse tente de fournir une réponse a un paradoxe particulièrement troublant: la non juxtaposition, ou le « désalignement » (misalignment) constant entre la stratégie militaire indienne et la géographie maritime du pays. En effet, la position enviable de la péninsule indienne au centre de l’océan indien devrait, a priori, suggérer une prédisposition naturelle pour l’exercice de la puissance maritime. Depuis l’Independence, cependant, la marine indienne, d’une manière consistante, a été la moins bien financée des branches militaires indiennes, et a fréquemment lutté pour remplir un éventail exigeant de missions avec seulement des ressources très limitées. Il est certes vrai que, depuis deux décennies a peu près, le trajectoire de la marine indienne a pris un virage que l’on pourrait qualifier de positif, a la fois en terme de financement, et en terme d’acquisitions. Cela étant dit, la branche dite « Cendrillon » (Cinderella Service) continue de capter la portion la plus infime du budget de défense indien, qui persiste a nettement favoriser une armée indienne particulièrement lourde en effectifs humains. En 2013, par exemple, la marine indienne a seulement reçu 16 % du budget de défense, alors que l’armée a perçu a peu près 58 %, et l’armée de l’air 26%. Depuis plus d’une demie-décennie, des officiers de marine ont affirme a de multiples reprises, au cours de conversations avec cet auteur, que la part de budget de la marine s’élèverait éventuellement a 25 % du budget global, seulement pour voir leurs espoirs brises. La question fondamentale, donc, a laquelle cette thèse s’évertue a répondre est la suivante : cette tendance persistera t’elle, ou peut-on s’attendre a ce qu’une combinaison de facteurs provoque une refonte graduelle de la stratégie militaire indienne, ainsi que du schéma d’acquisitions et financement de son outil militaire ?The United States’ strategic reorientation towards the Indo-Pacific has been accompanied by a heightened interest in matters maritime. In contrast to the primary theaters of the Cold War, the region’s strategic and economic geography is strongly defined by its wide oceans, narrow chokepoints, and meandering waterways. As a result, the naval profiles of Asia’s two great rising powers, India and China, have attracted a hitherto unprecedented level of scholarly attention. However, while various studies have focused on the role of China’s navy within its wider military strategy, until recently most detailed explorations of India’s growing naval power primarily focused on the Indian navy itself-rather than on how the quest for seapower fit into New Delhi’s emerging grand strategy. Building on several years of research in India, China, Sri Lanka, and the United States, and over one hundred interviews of Indian naval officers and government officials, both serving and retired, this dissertation aims to provide a deeper understanding of the context and ramifications of India’s naval rise. In particular, it seeks to explain a troubling paradox: the continued misalignment of New Delhi’s military strategy with its maritime geography. Indeed, the country’s enviable position at the heart of the Indian Ocean, along with its peninsular formation and extensive coastlines, would seem to suggest a natural predisposition towards the exercise of naval power. In reality, however, India’s navy since independence has consistently been the most poorly funded of its military services, and has frequently struggled to make do with limited resources. While the navy’s fortunes have taken a positive turn over the past two decades, both in terms of funding and procurement, the so-called Cinderella service still only captures the smallest portion of the overall defense budget, which remains heavily skewed toward the nation’s manpower-intensive Army. In 2013, for example, the Indian Navy only captured 16% of the defense budget, whereas the Army captured approximately 58%, and the Air Force 26%. Over the past five years, Indian naval officers have repeatedly assured this author that the Navy’s share would eventually rise to 25% of the overall defense budget, only to be sorely disappointed. The core question this dissertation endeavors to address is whether this trend will persist, or whether various factors will combine in order to provoke a gradual rebalancing of the nation’s military strategy and force structure
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Zipete, Zwelixolile. "Mhlontlo Municipality local economic development strategy as a driver of economic development." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13316.
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The main aim of the research study was to review the Mhlontlo Municipality Local Economic Development Strategy as a driver of economic development. The Mhlontlo LED Strategy was developed in 2007 to guide economic development of Mhlontlo Local Municipality. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa(Act 108 of 1996), the White Paper on Local Government (1998), Section B, the National Framework for LED in South Africa (2006), and other pieces of legislation gave direction in the development of LED Strategies in South# Africa, including the Mhlontlo LED Strategy.
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Rusden, Sally Anne 1954. "Management of the community economic base as a strategy for economic development." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276924.
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Application of economic base analysis at a multi-level scale illustrates the usefulness of this approach to tracking and measuring the economic flows and linkages between three defined areas. A census survey of employers in six rural communities of the White Mountain Region of Arizona is used to collect employment and sales data at a high level of specificity. These data serve as the basis for bifurcation of basic and nonbasic components necessary for estimating the multiplier. Measurement of these data determine the extent of economic dependence and spatial interaction which exist between communities, and between the region and the outside world. In addition, the study refines established procedures and applies a full range of adjustments to primary and secondary data sources to produce highly refined multipliers for the region and each community.
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Garapati, Sweta. "A Comparitive Study of the Impact of Special Economic Zones on Economic Development in China and India." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/452.
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In recent times, special economic zones have become a popular mode of promoting economic development in developing countries. Through SEZs China has achieved immense economic growth, a model, which a number of developing countries are trying to emulate. India followed suite in establishing SEZs, however, it has not been able to achieve the same success as China. In this paper, I perform a comparitive analysis between India and China and study the impact on economic development. By highlighting the differences between the SEZs in the two countries I explain the reason for China's immediate success and India's slow growth. I finally conclude that SEZs are a viable method of achieving economic development, especially for developing countries.
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Duncan, Stewart M. "Political risk analysis and economic reform : investing in the Indian electricity sector." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49776.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The definition of political risk and the methodology of its assessment have changed since the inception of the discipline midway through the last century. This assignment assesses the usefulness of a new quantitative technique that uses political constraints and the policy preferences of political actors to construct a measure of political risk. Integrating the findings of the resulting Political Constraints Index with an analysis of the political economy of the Indian Electricity Sector, the assignment demonstrates that, contrary to the original interpretations of the index, high levels of political constraints and political competition may propagate a disabling policy regime and be detrimental to the investor, despite the stated commitment of the incumbent government to policy reform. The implication of these findings is that, to avoid incorrect interpretation, the Political Constraint Index should be augmented by a comprehensive qualitative assessment of the industry in question.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die definisie van politieke risiko en die metodologie om dit te ontleed, het verander sedert die onstaan van hierdie dissipline gedurende die middel van die laaste eeu. Hierdie opdrag ontleed die nuttigheid van 'n nuwe kwantitatiewe tegniek wat die politieke beperkings en beleidsvoorkeure van politieke rolspelers gebruik om 'n maatstaf van politieke risiko te verskaf. Die opdrag se integrasie van die bevindinge van die resulterende Politieke Beperkings Indeks met 'n analise van die politieke ekonomie van die Indiese Elektrisiteits Sektor bewys dat, teenstrydig met oorspronklike interpretasies van die indeks, hoe vlakke van politieke beperkings en politieke kompetisie 'n deaktiveringsbeleid regime kan kweek wat nadelig is vir die belegger, ten spyte van die huidige regering se verklaarde toegewydheid tot beleidshervorming. Die implikasie van hierdie bevindinge is dat, om foutiewe interpretasie te vermy, die Politieke Beperkings Indeks verbeter moet word deur 'n omvattende kwalitatiewe ontleding van die verlangde industrie.
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Jin, Rong. "India and China :competitive co-existance through conflict management and cooperation promotion." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3954064.
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