Academic literature on the topic 'Economic onditions'

<div class="WordSection1"><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p> <em>At first, many people considered it irrational when people isolated themselves at home, the government prohibited people from gathering, the streets were closed, the industry stopped operating, schools used online media, to public services that were simultaneously carried out online and in reality this condition occurred in all Country.</em></p><p><em>T</em><em>his condition raised questions about how long people have to live in insecurity and uncertainty. To answer this, the World Health Organization (WHO) promoted a condition was called the new normal with various protocols that need to be carried out in every activity in the community as long as the threat of a pandemic continues.</em></p><p><em>T</em><em>he phenomenon of the new normal (New Normal) eventually gave birth to the need for new public services. This meant that the transition period towards there was a moment to transform and reset old public services to new ones. Under these</em></p><p><em>c</em><em>onditions, the transformation must be carried out quickly in order to solve problem based on public services.</em></p><p><em>Face-to-face services were transformed into online or online services and force service providers to change the mindset that digitalization of services was a solution in service acceleration and simplification.</em></p><p><em>T</em><em>he community has been a huge impact when they have to limit themselves from traveling / doing activities outside the house, not gathering, not going to school and not being able to work for a living as usual. Many community activities outside the home or crowding were limited by large-scale restriction policies (PSBB) including economic activities that are at risk of transmitting the corona virus.</em></p><p><em>Keywords: New Normal, Transformation, Challenge, Public Affairs</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstak</strong></p><p>Pada awalnya bayak orang menganggap tidak rasional ketika orang-orang mengisolasi diri di rumah, pemerintah melarang orang berkumpul, jalanan ditutup, industri berhenti beroperasi, sekolah menggunakan media daring, hingga pelayanan publik yang secara serentak dilakukan secara online dan secara realitas kondisi ini terjadi di semua Negara.</p><p>Kondisi ini memunculkan pertanyaan tentang sampai kapan masyarakat harus hidup dalam ketidakamanan dan ketidakpastian. Untuk menjawab hal tersebut, <em>World Health Organization </em>(WHO) mempromosikan kondisi yang dinamai kenormalan baru (new normal) dengan berbagai protokol yang perlu dijalankan dalam setiap aktivitas di tengah masyarakat selama masih berlangsungnya ancaman pandemi.</p></div><p>Fenomena kenormalan baru (<em>New Normal) </em>pada akhirnya melahirkan kebutuhan akan pelayanan publik yang baru. Artinya, masa transisi menuju ke sana adalah momen melakukan transformasi dan me-<em>reset </em>pelayanan publik lama menuju yang baru. Dalam kondisi seperti ini, transformasi harus dilakukan dengan cepat, sehingga jalan satu-satunya adalah dengan menjalankan pelayanan publik berbasis masalah <em>(problem base)</em>.</p><p>Pelayanan tatap muka bertransformasi menjadi layanan online atau daring dan memaksa penyelenggara pelayanan untuk mengubah mindset bahwa digitalisasi layanan merupakan solusi dalam akselerasi dan penyederhanaan pelayanan.</p><p>Dampak begitu besar dirasakan oleh masyarakat ketika harus membatasi diri untuk tidak berpergian/beraktifitas keluar rumah, tidak berkumpul, tidak bersekolah dan tidak dapat bekerja mencari nafkah seperti biasanya. Banyak aktivitas masyarakat diluar rumah atau berkerumun dibatasi oleh kebijakan pembatasan berskala besar (PSBB) termasuk kegiatan perekonomian yang beresiko menularkan virus corona.</p><p>Kata Kunci : New Normal, Tranformasi, Tantangan, Urusan Publik</p><div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: 329px; top: 780px;"> </div>

nticipates the future of this bilateral relationship, ten years after the inception of the elt and Road Initiative (B&RI). These five decades can be divided into three major pe- iods and seven phases. On the one hand, in 2013, capitalizing on the transformation of its economy, China launched the B&RI. This initiative can be perceived as a ma- or global infrastructural, multi-sectoral, and multi-actor economic policy, designed not only to foster access with consent to markets and production centers, but also to ontribute to creating a network of economic flows (Leandro & Duarte, 2020b, p. xii) s well as to advance new forms of interaction for development, and perhaps even a new model for international relations. On another hand, Portugal regards the B&RI s an opportunity to continue de-bordering (Leandro & Duarte, 2020a), capitalizing on the unique advantages of Sino-Portuguese diplomatic relations, namely the Por- uguese heritage in the Macau SAR, Portugal’s membership in the Community of the Portuguese-speaking countries, where it is the second most important economy, its European Union (EU) membership, and its position as one of the world’s top 50 most dynamic economies. The B&RI has the potential to reduce the peripheral geographic ondition of Portugal in the context of the EU space, explore the immense opportu- nities offered by the expansion of the continental shelf in the context of the strategic Portuguese triangle (Azores-Madeira-Continental Portugal), and redesign its cooper- tive relations among Portuguese-speaking countries, among which Portugal ranks first in the “doing business index” (2022). These different phases, perspectives, and nterests lead to the formulation of our research question: Based on the B&RI and the reunique relationship between China and Portugal, what can we expect from the future of Sino-Portuguese cooperation? This question is particularly important in the context of the current geo-economic tensions between global economic powers, and the fact that Portugal is an EU member state. This paper adopts an economic diplomacy model as a main reference.

Oxy-combustion technologies are clean energy systems with zero emission; they have great potential when considering global warming and climate change. This study presents a detailed thermodynamic analysis in terms of energy, environment, and economy. Consequently, the results obtained for an oxy-combustion power system are presented in comparison with a conventional gas turbine power system. The results are presented as a function of the pressure ratio with regard to net power, input heat, system efficiency, sp ecific fue l consumption, equivalence ratio, fuel-air ratio, capital investment cost, fuel cost, oxygen cost, total cost, electricity revenue, and net profit. In addition, the study calculates the pollutant emissions from non-oxy-combustion systems and investigates the environmental costs. The pressure ratio for maximum net power has been obtained as 20.8 in the conventional gas turbine power system. Similarly, the pressure ratios for maximum net power in oxy-combustion power cycles with 26%, 28%, and 30% oxygen ratios are 23.3, 27.4 and 29.7, respectively. Results from 24% to 30% have been displayed to observe the effect of reactant oxygen in the oxy-combustion power cycles. The optimum c ycle c onditions have been determined by calculating the costs of system components, total revenues, and net profits at pressure ratios of 10, 20, 30 and 40. Finally, the results reveal the pressure ratio should be reduced to minimize the total costs per cycle. For maximum net profit, the pressure ratio in a conventional gas turbine power cycle has been calculated as 15.9; similarly, the pressure ratios in oxy-combustion power cycles with 26%, 28%, and 30% oxygen ratios have been respectively calculated as 12.8, 15.2 and 16.4.

This article contests that the classical regional integration theoretical frameworks are too broad to bring out conceptual clarity and explain the emerging interstate tensions. The paper identifies two specific indicators that together can explain the dynamics: economic domination and institutional (interest groups) domination. It evaluates the applicability of the Onditi’s dominatarian theory by constructing an alternative thinking framework— regional trade dominance (RTD), to explain the dynamics of the regional integration based on trade data from the East African Community (EAC) Development Strategy, 2016–2021. The paper addresses this conceptual-policy lacuna by demonstrating how Kenya’s economic performance and institutional (interest groups) leverages have sustained its dominant interest, leading to interstate cynicism and mistrust. The persistent mistrust driven by the perceived asymmetric power balance among the EAC Partner States points to the importance of framing the debate in a way that constructs the outcome of the regional integration to accommodate both powerful states and those perceived weak. In this case, the RTD analytical framework, offers the option for constructing the outcome of a regional integration, either as a noun, dominance or as an act of domination.