Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Economic justification of investment projects'

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.04 – економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності). – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2019 р. Дисертацію присвячено вирішенню актуального науково-практичного завдання щодо розвитку теоретичних положень, методичного забезпечення іпрактичних рекомендацій з економічного обґрунтування інвестиційної привабливості науково-технічних розробок. У дисертації розроблено послідовність дій з економічного обґрунтування інвестиційної привабливості НТР. Базуючись на узагальненні проблем інвестиційної привабливості промислових підприємств, виділена проблема зіставлення альтернативних варіантів інвестицій в умовах багатокритеріальності; досліджені національні та світові класичні підходи з даної проблеми. Удосконалено методичний базис проведення комплексного аналізу інвестиційних проектів шляхом доповнення процедурами розрахунку системи показників впливу внутрішнього і зовнішнього середовищ, що підвищує точність визначення ефективності використання інвестиційних ресурсів та сприяє обґрунтованості управлінських рішень щодо реалізації НТР та доцільності їх фінансування.
Thesis for scientific degree of candidate of economic sciences on specialty 08.00.04 - economics and management of enterprises (by economic activity). - National technical university "Kharkiv polytechnic institute", Kharkov, 2019. Dissertation is devoted to solving important scientific and practical tasks for the development of theoretical positions, methodological support and practical advice for economic assessment of investment attractiveness of scientific and technical developments. The thesis is developed action on а sequence efficiency evaluation of investment projects, which includes guidelines and formulas, giving the opportunity to make informed management decisions on improving effeciency of investment projects in the industry. In the dissertation the conceptual and terminological apparatus of interpretation of innovation and investment activity is clarified in order to clarify a number of concepts: "investment", the advantage of which is a set of the most important functions that form a direct connection with the realization of development of both the enterprise economy and the state in general; "Innovation and investment process", which takes into account the interdependence of investment and innovation, forming a single, holistic process of enterprise development, taking into account the internal and external environment and actualizing the understanding of investment attractiveness and its evaluation; "Investment attractiveness", as an element of economic category, which reflects the potential investor's appraisal of the combination of different levels of environmental factors, and, unlike existing interpretations, is seen not only as an ability of the company to attract investor attention and professionally interact with attracting investments, but to develop them and ensure the realization of different levels of interests, providing qualitative and quantitative transformations in its activities. On the basis of analysis of statistics of innovation and investment activity of macro and mesorivines of industrial enterprises, an ambiguous situation was revealed regarding the general investment climate and a number of shortcomings were identified (lack of a scientifically sound economic and social concept of development; legal instability; high level of inflation; unsatisfactory level of inflation; unpredictability of the environment; poor information support for investment; strong bureaucratization of management apparatus, etc.) that directly or indirectly affect the innovation and investment market of the country. The analysis of the country's innovation and investment situation from 2010 to 2018 proved the need to intensify all innovation and investment resources in order to ensure holistic investment attractiveness. Mathematical support of methods of estimation of investment attractiveness on the basis of cluster-intellectual data analysis is introduced, as well as the general method of statistical data analysis, which is used in many fields, including artificial intelligence, etc., which allows to formulate a multi-purpose optimization problem. The relevant clustering algorithm presented in the ACA software environment (Analytic cluster analysis) depends on the individual data set and the predicted use of the results, allowing to take into account the stochasticity coefficient, assessing the impact of economic and non-economic (production, material, personnel, or infrastructure) identify the taxonomy and priority of project implementation by optimizing their level of investment attractiveness. The scientific and methodological approach to a comprehensive assessment of the investment attractiveness of innovative projects and scientific and technical developments at the enterprise, depending on the level of costs and their importance, taking into account both economic and non-economic factors. It is proved that for analysis it is advisable to use multivariate factor, cluster analysis with subsequent consideration of stochasticity of factors of internal and external environment and integral index. The obtained indicator of investment attractiveness allows to increase the accuracy and reliability of evaluations in the decision-making process and the efficiency of the use of innovative investment resources. The method of analysis of investment projects in industry, built on the national methodology based on economic analysis taking into account the experience of countries with a market economy; the development of techniques saved significant national developments and world classical approaches to this problem. Improved technique of carrying out the rapid analysis of investment projects by calculating its procedures complement a number of indicators of internal and external environment, speeds up the process of determining the efficiency of the use of investment resources; the classification of technical and economic factors influence the effectiveness of the investment project, which has a positive effect on the validity of administrative decisions; mechanism to optimize investment decisions in the implementation of the project with the proposed method of analysis, which positively affects the decision on the appropriateness of financing of investment projects.

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.04 "Економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності)" (07 – управління та адміністрування). – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2019. У дисертації здійснено поглиблення теоретичних положень, методичних підходів та науково-прикладних рекомендацій щодо оцінювання інвестиційної привабливості НТР на промислових підприємствах. Досягнення мети підтверджується вирішенням поставлених завдань щодо: дослідження понятійно-термінологічного апарату теорії інвестицій щодо визначення базових понять інвестиційних вкладень; дослідження ролі управління конкурентоспроможністю інноваційно-інвестиційного проекту та визначення факторів впливу на його інвестиційну привабливість; дослідження методичного інструментарію багатофакторної оцінки інвестиційної привабливості інноваційно-інвестиційних проектів щодо визначення впливу факторів на результативний інтегральний показник; обґрунтування принципів відбору інноваційно-інвестиційних проектів з урахуванням оптимізації їх параметрів та специфіки; розробки науково-методичного підходу щодо комплексного оцінювання впливу факторів на впровадження інноваційних проектів. Для вирішення поставлених завдань використано такі загальнонаукові та спеціальні методи: наукові методи економічної теорії у галузі інвестування з використанням абстрактно-логічного підходу в процесі вивчення економічних процесів і явищ, зокрема такі: наукового узагальнення (при визначені сутності та класифікації інвестиційних проектів), діалектичний метод (при визначенні місця та ролі інвестиційної діяльності серед інших видів звичайної діяльності підприємства), історичного та системного підходів (при вивченні світового досвіду та визначенні етапів розвитку методик аналізу інвестиційних проектів, заснованих на принципах діалектики, єдності і цілісності), класифікації, порівняння, наукової абстракції, системного і комплексного аналізу (при розробці методики аналізу інвестиційних проектів на підприємствах), економіко-математичного моделювання (при розрахунку показників ефективності інвестицій), економічного та багатокрокового компонентного аналізу. Основні положення наукової новизни дисертації полягають у такому. Удосконалено: - економічну сутність дефініції "інвестиційна привабливість проекту", що на відміну від існуючих трактувань враховує не лише можливості і обмеження вкладень інвестиційних коштів, та здатність підприємства привертати увагу інвестора, а й акцентує на ефективному їх освоюванні для забезпечення реалізації різнорівневих інтересів, що сприяє розширенню та актуалізації базису теорії інвестицій; - складові механізму управління конкурентоспроможністю інноваційно-інвестиційного проекту, які, на відміну від інших, базуються на формуванні певної послідовності етапів оцінювання фінансово-економічного стану при визначенні інтегрального показника інвестиційної привабливості, з урахуванням впливу факторів мікро-, мезо- та макросередовищ в їх взаємозв’язку, що дає змогу комплексно оцінити ефективність впровадження проекту; - методичний інструментарій щодо оцінки впровадження інноваційно-інвестиційних проектів, які, на відміну від існуючих, засновані на принципах відкритої системи з урахуванням вагомості її параметрів, що дає змогу визначити вплив кожного фактору на інтегральний показник інвестиційної привабливості проекту та сприяє обґрунтуванню заходів щодо їх реалізації на засадах комплексного підходу; Набули подальшого розвитку: - методичний підхід щодо оптимізації та компонентного оцінювання інноваційно-інвестиційного потенціалу відкритих систем (Т. Сааті), що на відміну від існуючих передбачає визначення рівня інвестиційної привабливості на засадах максимізації параметрів, що входять у систему, що дає змогу сформувати принцип відбору науково-технічних розробок з урахуванням їх специфіки та синергетичного потенціалу проектів; - науково-методичний підхід щодо комплексного оцінювання інвестиційної привабливості інноваційних проектів та НТР підприємства, який, на відміну від існуючих, базується на визначенні значущості та рівня витрат на їх впровадження, на засадах скринінгового експрес-аналізу з урахуванням стохастичності, факторів внутрішнього і зовнішнього середовищ, застосування якого підвищує точність та достовірність оцінок в процесі прийняття рішень щодо використання інноваційно-інвестиційних ресурсів. Практичне значення одержаних результатів полягає в можливості та доцільності використання наукових положень і прикладних рекомендацій для обґрунтування інвестиційних проектів та НТР підприємств. Основні результати досліджень отримали практичне застосування в наукових установах та підприємствах, зокрема: ТОВ "Тубний завод" (м. Харків, довідка № 01-03/80 від 13.11.2018 р.), НТМЕЦ "Екосистема" (м. Харків, акт № 91 від 4.02.2019 р.), ХДАВП (м. Харків, довідка № 301/1540 від 16.08.2019 р.). Результати дисертаційної роботи використано в навчальному процесі кафедри економіки і маркетингу Національного технічного університету "Харківський політехнічний інститут" при викладанні дисциплін: "Проектний аналіз", "Управління проектами", "Бізнес-проектний аналіз", "Потенціал і розвиток підприємства" для студентів спеціальності 075 "Маркетинг" та 051 "Економіка" (м. Харків, акт від 10.10.2019 р.).
Dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Economic Sciences in the specialty 08.00.04 "Economics and Management of Enterprises (by types of economic activity)" (08 - Economic Sciences). - National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkov, 2019. The dissertation deepens theoretical provisions, methodological approaches and scientific and applied recommendations for assessing the investment attractiveness of the RTD at industrial enterprises. Achievement of the goal is confirmed by the decision of the set tasks concerning: research of the conceptual and terminological apparatus of the theory of investment in determining the basic concepts of investment investments; research on the role of managing the competitiveness of an innovation investment project and identifying the factors influencing its investment attractiveness; research of methodological tools of multifactor evaluation of investment attractiveness of innovation-investment projects to determine the influence of factors on the effective integral index; substantiation of principles of selection of innovation-investment projects taking into account optimization of their parameters and specificity; development of a scientific and methodological approach to comprehensive assessment of the impact of factors on the implementation of innovative projects. To solve these problems, the following general and special methods were used: scientific methods of economic theory in the field of investing using an abstract-logical approach in the study of economic processes and phenomena, in particular the following: scientific generalization (with defined entities and classification of investment projects), dialectical method ( in determining the place and role of investment activity among other types of ordinary activities of the enterprise), historical and systematic approaches (in studying the world experience t determination of stages of development of methods of analysis of investment projects based on the principles of dialectic, unity and integrity), classification, comparison, scientific abstraction, systemic and complex analysis (in the development of methods of analysis of investment projects in enterprises), economic and mathematical modeling (in the calculation of indicators of investment efficiency), economic and multi-step component analysis. The main provisions of the scientific novelty of the thesis are as follows. Improved: - the economic essence of the definition of "investment attractiveness of the project", which, in contrast to existing interpretations, takes into account not only the possibilities and limitations of investment funds, and the ability of the company to attract investor attention, but also emphasizes the effective development of them to ensure the realization of multi-level interests, which contributes to expansion actualization of the basis of the theory of investment; - components of the mechanism for managing the competitiveness of an innovation-investment project, which, unlike others, are based on the formation of a certain sequence of stages of evaluating the financial and economic condition in determining the integral indicator of investment attractiveness, taking into account the influence of micro-, meso-and macroenvironmental factors in their environment. a framework that enables a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of project implementation; - a methodological toolkit for evaluating the implementation of innovation and investment projects, which, unlike the existing ones, are based on the principles of an open system, taking into account the weight of its parameters, which allows to determine the impact of each factor on the integral indicator of the investment attractiveness of the project and facilitates substantiation the principles of a comprehensive approach; Have further developed: - methodical approach to optimization and component evaluation of innovation and investment potential of open systems (T. Saati), which, unlike the existing ones, involves determining the level of investment attractiveness on the basis of maximizing the parameters included in the system, which allows to form the principle of selection of scientific and technical development taking into account their specificity and synergistic potential of the projects; - scientific and methodological approach to the complex evaluation of investment attractiveness of innovative projects and enterprise research and development, which, unlike the existing ones, is based on determining the significance and level of costs for their implementation, on the basis of screening express analysis taking into account stochasticity, internal and external factors, internal and external factors the use of which enhances the accuracy and reliability of evaluations in the decision-making process regarding the use of innovative investment resources. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility and expediency of using scientific provisions and applied recommendations to substantiate investment projects and the research of enterprises. The main results of the research have been put to practical use in scientific institutions and enterprises, in particular: Tubny Plant LLC (Kharkiv, reference # 01-03 / 80 dated 13.11.2018), NTMEC Ecosystem (Kharkiv, act # 91 dated February 4, 2019), KhDAVP (Kharkiv, reference No. 301/1540 dated August 16, 2019). The results of the dissertation were used in the teaching process of the Department of Economics and Marketing of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" in teaching the disciplines: "Project Analysis", "Project Management", "Business Project Analysis", "Potential and Development of Enterprise" for students in the specialty 075 "Marketing" and 051 "Economy" (Kharkiv, act dated 10.10.2019).

A fim de garantir a sobrevivência, as companhias industriais constantemente geram novas idéias, que são transformadas em projetos de investimento voltados a ampliações ou instalações de novos equipamentos ou unidades. Cada decisão de investimento tem sua lucratividade econômica averiguada através de indicadores calculados com base nas estimativas e projeções realizadas, que sempre apresentam desvios com relação ao observado durante a implantação ou operação do projeto. A vida futura do projeto também apresentará novas expectativas, pois a empresa vai atualizando seus cenários à medida que o tempo passa. Este trabalho mostra que é possível acompanhar a lucratividade econômica de um projeto desde o momento da sua aprovação e que é viável verificar a influências de diversos fatores na variação verificada de lucratividade econômica. Este acompanhamento contribui fundamentalmente para o aprendizado organizacional.
In order to guarantee survival, industrial companies are always generating new ideas that are transformed into investment projects aiming at upgrading or installing new equipment or units. The profitability of each investment is assessed using indicators calculated based on previous estimates and forecasts that always present biases in relation to the observed during project implementation or operation. The future life of a project also presents new expectations since the company keeps updating its scenarios in time. This dissertation shows that it is possible to follow-up on the profitability of a project as soon as it is approved and that it is feasible to check the influences of many factors on the estimated profitability variation. This follow-up is a major contributor to organizational learning.

Reproduction or reinvestment is the integral element of sustainable development of modern economy. There is a set of theories for the description of this process, but full understanding of development mechanisms of a separate branch or national economy as a whole does not exist. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8348

As many years ago successful international companies continue to be interested in growth prospects. But modern era of information innovations and economic globalization dictates the new modes of thinking, new modes of running business, new proposals and new unexpected projects. As an example, there is a huge gamble of the world’s car companies, which are betting on the surge in sales of super-luxury vehicles.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.
"February 2000."
Includes bibliographical references.
Three studies were conducted to analyze the relationship between public infrastructure investment and regional economic performance. The first study examines the literature on economic development and productivity growth. I show that conflicting results from studies by other analysts are the likely result of poor public capital data spanning to short an interval, and an inadequate modeling framework. Public investment may generate small improvements in productivity, but models understate economic impacts owing to the public goods character of some forms of public capital. The second study explores the relationship between economic distress and public infrastructure investment. I use a sample of U.S. counties to analyze public investment according to level of economic distress. With simple investment models, I estimated infrastructure needs for counties with apparent shortfalls. I analyzed the needs-estimates in a series of case studies in which jurisdiction planning and budget personnel were consulted about the accuracy of the estimates. I show that short-run economic distress is not to be linked to public infrastructure investment. Over the long-run, investment varies by level of distress, but as a consequence of private residential investment. The needs-estimating models were reasonably accurate, but missing investment data proved troublesome. Counties proved to be a poor unit of analysis for infrastructure needs, as since significant variation was observed among jurisdictions within counties. The third study demonstrates the need for better estimates of public infrastructure capital stock. I prepared new capital stock estimates for two regions using local investment data and survey-based public capital service lives. I surveyed one thousand jurisdictions in the New England region and the state of Texas. Survey-based service-lives seem to differ significantly from estimated lives. Stock estimates using local investment data and survey-based service-lives produce dramatic differences compared to estimated stocks at the state and regional level. The new data, however, performed just as poorly as other series when used to estimate aggregate production functions. Prior analysts' understanding the relationship between economic performance and public infrastructure investment has been limited because of poor data, and inadequate appreciation of infrastructure's inherent complexity. The research presented here demonstrates that significant improvements are possible and worth undertaking.
by Nicholas O. Rockler.
Ph.D.

Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, списка литературы и приложения. В работе рассмотрены теоретические основы девелопмента жилой недвижимости, осуществлена оценка современных подходов по формированию комфортной городской среды жилых комплексов, разработана концепция девелоперского проекта жилого комплекса в городе Екатеринбурге, сформировано маркетинговое обоснование концепции девелоперского проекта жилого комплекса, произведена разработано финансово-экономическое обоснование девелоперского проекта жилого комплекса.
The master's thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusion, list of references and Appendix. The paper discusses the theoretical basis of the development of residential real estate, the appraisal of modern approaches to formation of a comfortable urban environment of residential complexes developed by the concept development project of a residential complex in the city of Yekaterinburg, formed a marketing study of the concept development project of a residential complex made developed financial feasibility study of development project of the residential complex.

The dissertation deals with main problems of the justification of urban transport systems infrastructure development solving methodological issues of preparation, selection and implementation of projects. These issues are relevant for the implementation of sustainable urban development strategy of Lithuania as a member state of the European Union. The main aim of the Research is to develop a theoretical model for the justification of urban transport systems infrastructure development by adapting the model for the identification of priorities and practical execution of construction or reconstruction projects. The following tasks have been set for implementation of the objective of the Research: to analyse the objects of the current urban transport infrastructure and their role in sustainable urban development, to define the trends for their development; to analyse the principles for justification of transport infrastructure development projects; to carry out the analysis of the assessment methods applied during the processes of justification; to develop a theoretical project justification model by defining social – economic and other characteristic assessment criteria and aspects; to test theoretical performance of the developed model through the assessment of the selected and implemented urban transport infrastructure development projects in Lithuania. The dissertation consists of Introduction, 4 chapters, Conclusions, References and 6 Annexes. The Introduction reveals the... [to full text]
Disertacijoje nagrinėjamos miestų susisiekimo sistemų infrastruktūros plėtros pagrindimo problemos, sprendžiant plėtros projektų rengimo, atrankos bei įgyvendinimo metodologinius klausimus, kurie ypač aktualūs Lietuvos, kaip Europos Sąjungos narės, darnios miestų plėtros strategijai įgyvendinti. Šio darbo pagrindinis tikslas – sukurti teorinį miestų susisiekimo sistemų infrastruktūros plėtros projektų pagrindimo modelį, pritaikant jį prioritetų nustatymui ir praktiniam susisiekimo sistemų infrastuktūros statybos ir rekonstravimo projektų vykdymui. Darbe sprendžiami keli pagrindiniai uždaviniai: išanalizuoti šiuolaikinių miestų susisiekimo sistemų infrastruktūros objektus, nustatyti susisiekimo sistemų infrastruktūros plėtros tendencijas, įvertinant egzistuojančias miestų susisiekimo problemas; atlikti naudojamų susisiekimo infrastruktūros plėtros projektų pagrindimo principų, naudojamų vertinimo metodų analizę; suformuoti plėtros projektų pagrindimo principus miestų susisiekimo sistemų infrastruktūrai; sudaryti teorinį projektų pagrindimo modelį, nustatant būdingus vertinimo kriterijus ir aspektus; patikrinti sudaryto modelio praktinį veiksmingumą, atliekant pasirinktų įgyvendintų ir įgyvendinamų Lietuvos miestų susisiekimo sistemų infrastruktūros plėtros projektų vertinimą. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai ir 6 priedai. Įvadiniame skyriuje aptariama tiriamoji problema... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 61).
Since late 1990s, Chinese real estate has been experiencing rapid growth, especially in the commercial housing sector. This phenomenon is mainly supported by China's housing privatization policy implemented in the mid-1990s and its strong GDP growth for the past 15 years. Chinese citizens are now able to purchase their housing units directly from the market with financing offers from major domestic banks. These days, real estate development-residential development in particular-is perceived in China as one of the proven vehicles "to get rich overnight." An increasing number of companies, including some large international real estate developers, are participating in the Chinese real estate development market. New players entering the market have been escalating the competition, which requires real estate developers to be highly objective and practical when evaluating their residential real estate development investments. After describing and criticizing the current methods of calculating residential real estate development returns in China, I argue in this thesis that, based on modern financial economic norms, a practical investment evaluation procedure can be developed for analyzing Chinese residential development projects. The new procedure is a practical application of a fundamental principle in finance: the NPV investment decision rule. This rule requires that, in order to make sound investment decisions, investors should maximize the NPV across all mutually exclusive alternatives and never choose an alternative in which NPV<0. The new real estate development investment evaluation procedure encompasses four steps: (1) projecting cash flows; (2) calculating the present value of the stabilized property; (3) calculating the present value of total development costs; and (4) calculating the expected return on development investment, or calculating the maximum land purchase price. I use the Hainan Luxury Vacation Home Development in Haiikou, Hainan, China, as case study to demonstrate the fundamental differences between current practices and the proposed procedure. My intention is to thoroughly clarify how applying the NPV rule takes into account some of the unique features of real estate development investments, such as time-to-build, intensive use of debt financing, and phased risk regimes. In the final part of the study, I conclude that current practices of real estate development return calculation fail to reflect these unique features of development investments. With the application of the NPV rule, the proposed financial procedure makes real estate development evaluation analysis more practical. The new procedure is a simple yet powerful financial analytical tool that enables developers to comprehensively exam the expected return on their development investments. I also recommend that, because the procedure is based on fundamental principles of modern finance, it should become the standard way of evaluating real estate development investments.
by Qian Wang.
S.M.

In March 2002, the Coega Development Cooperation (CDC) announced that the infrastructure design was complete, and the Coega Industrial Development Zone (IDZ) was declared the first IDZ in South Africa. The Coega IDZ was established to improve the delivery of infrastructure in the Eastern Cape by addressing skill shortages, unemployment, constrained planning and project management capacity, under-expenditure, sub-standard infrastructure, and inefficiencies that characterise delivery of infrastructure by government in South Africa generally and the Eastern Cape Province in particular. In the process, socio-economic development and transformation in the Eastern Cape and South Africa as a whole will be advanced. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the extent to which the various determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) influence the investment promotion strategy (IPS) used by the CDC, and how these determinants can be used in the IPS to increase the number of signed investors at the CDC.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
The MOZAL aluminium smelter in Maputo is the largest-ever foreign direct investment in Mozambique. South Africa's state-owned Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) owns 24% shares in MOZAL and the Development Bank of South Africa (DBSA) and Eskom provided road and power supply infrastructure to ensure the success of the smelter. BHP Billiton is the majority shareholder, the other being Mitsubishi. MOZAL is the flagship of South Africa's foreign policy for regional integration in southern Africa and economic reconstruction in Mozambique: a practical manifestation of the African Renaissance. This thesis is a case study of MOZAL as an example of cross-border industrial development and its implications for development in Mozambique. Using an eclectic multidisciplinary Critical Global Political Economy (critical GPE) theoretical framework, a survey of relevant literature and a series of selected open interviews, it examines how development based on the assumptions of industrialisation and neo-modernisation espoused by the governments and private sector champions of MOZAL impact on class, gender, environmental and social justice in Mozambique. The research identifies the socio-economic development dimensions of MOZAL for Mozambique and how the cost and benefits are distributed among the various social groups and actors directly and/or indirectly involved with the MOZAL aluminium smelter. The main findings are that MOZAL as a private sector FDI project is a qualified success. On the positive side, it contributes to economic growth. However, the benefits to Mozambique are exaggerated and are not broadly distributed. On the negative side, it contributes to increasing the economic dependence of Mozambique on the South African economy. Instead of narrowing the development gap, the smelter has contributed to increased differentiation between companies in South Africa and Mozambique and, within Mozambique, between the Northern and Southern regions, as well as among MOZAL employees and the majority of the population in Maputo. The implications are that the development benefits from foreign direct investment cross-border industrial development projects may, at least in the short-term, lead to uneven regional integration and development enjoyed by a few.
South Africa

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.06 – економіка природокористування та охорони навколишнього середовища. – Сумський державний університет. – Суми, 2011. Дисертація присвячена вирішенню науково-прикладного завдання розвитку теоретичних та науково-методичних основ еколого-економічного обґрунтування інвестиційної діяльності промислового підприємства, що ґрунтується на визначенні рівня екологічності та коригуванні чистої поточної вартості інвестиційного проекту. Розроблено науково-методичні підходи до визначення рівня екологічності інвестиційної діяльності промислового підприємства, коригування чистої поточної вартості. Удосконалено поняття «екологізація інвестиційної діяльності підприємства», класифікацію інвестиційних проектів за ознакою напряму впливу на НПС, науково-методичні підходи до вибору інвестиційних стратегій залежно екологічної спрямованості інвестиційної діяльності підприємства на основі рівня екологічності та факторів його формування, науково обґрунтованого вибору інструментів екологізації інвестиційної діяльності підприємства залежно від співвідношення показників економічної ефективності та рівня екологічності, що дозволило диференціювати інвестиційні проекти на екологоорієнтовані, екологічно раціональні, екологічно допустимі та екологічно недопустимі. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9184
Диссертация на соискание научной степени кандидата экономических наук по специальности 08.00.06 – экономика природопользования и охраны окружающей среды. – Сумский государственный университет. – Сумы, 2011. В диссертации разработаны и научно обоснованы научно-методические подходы к эколого-экономическому обоснованию инвестиционной деятельности промышленного предприятия. Проведен анализ эколого-экономических предпосылок экологизации инвестиционной деятельности. Результаты исследования показали, что инвестиционное обеспечение охраны окружающей природной среды и рационального использования природных ресурсов находится на низком уровне. Обоснована необходимость учета экологического фактора в процессе инвестиционной деятельности промышленных предприятий. Выявлено, что большинство понятий, которые характеризуют инвестиционную деятельность предприятия, отображают ее экономическую, а не эколого-экономическую суть. Окружающая природная среда выступает не только источником природных ресурсов, но и обеспечивает возможности производственной деятельности промышленного предприятия, реализацию целей его инвестиционной деятельности. На основе анализа отечественных и зарубежных подходов к определению понятия «экологизация» автором предложена и обоснована собственная трактовка категории «экологизация инвестиционной деятельности предприятия» как процесса обоснования и внедрения системы организационно-экономических, управленческих и технологических мероприятий, направленных на повышение экоконструктивного и уменьшение экодеструктивного воздействия инвестиционных проектов на окружающую природную среду. Усовершенствована классификация инвестиционных проектов, которая в отличие от существующих дополнена таким классификационным признаком, как направление воздействия на окружающую природную среду: экоконструктивные, экодеструктивные, экологически нейтральные и смешанные. На основе проведенного анализа подходов к эколого-экономической оценки инвестиционной деятельности определены основные преимущества и недостатки современных критериев эколого-экономической эффективности. Выявлены основные отличия между экономической и эколого-экономической оценкой эффективности инвестиционной деятельности предприятия. Разработан научно-методический подход к определению уровня экологичности инвестиционной деятельности промышленного предприятия, который базируется на определении бинарных значений эколого-экономических показателей инвестиционных проектов. Уровень экологичности инвестиционной деятельности автором трактуется как комплексный показатель, который интегрирует в себе экологические характеристики воздействия инвестиционной деятельности на окружающую природную среду и отображает не только оценку отрицательных последствий реализации соответствующего проекта, но и оценку экоконструктивных (положительных) изменений в окружающей природной среде. Усовершенствованы научно-методические подходы к корректированию показателя чистой текущей стоимости инвестиционного проекта на основе уточнения затратных и доходных денежных потоков инвестиционного проекта в течение его жизненного цикла с учетом уровня экологичности, к выбору стратегии инвестиционной деятельности предприятия в зависимости от экологической направленности на основе уровня экологичности и факторов, которые влияют на его формирование, к выбору экономических инструментов экологизации инвестиционной деятельности на основе соотношения показателей экономической эффективности и уровня экодеструктивного влияния, что позволяет дифференцировать инвестиционные проекты на экологоориентированные, экологически рациональные, экологически допустимые и экологически недопустимые. Обоснованы рекомендации по применению инструментов экологизации инвестиционной деятельности предприятия органами государственного и регионального управления с целью минимизации экодеструктивного воздействия и охраны окружающей природной среды. Предложенные и обоснованные в работе научно-методические подходы были использованы при эколого-экономическом обосновании инвестиционной деятельности предприятий Сумского региона, а также при преподавании дисциплин «Экономика ресурсопотребления», «Экономика окружающей среды» и «Инвестирование» в Сумском государственном университете. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9184
Thesis for obtaining of Candidate's degree of Economics in specialty 08.00.06 – Economics of nature management and environmental protection. – Sumy State University. – Sumy, 2011. The thesis deals with the solution of an important scientifically applied task to develop theoretical and methodological bases as to ecological-economic justification of investment activity of an industrial enterprise. It is based on the definition of ecological level and the adjustment of net current cost of an investment project. There were developed methodological approaches to evaluation of ecological level of investment activity of an industrial enterprise, adjustment of net current cost. There was improved the classification of investment projects on the basis of the influence on environment, the notion «ecologization of investment activity of an industrial enterprise». The methodological approach was improved concerning the choice of investment strategies according to ecological orientation of enterprise’s investment activity on the basis of ecological level and formation factors. There was developed the methodical approach to scientifically grounded choice of ecologization tools depending on correlation of economic effectiveness rates and level of ecological compatibility that enables to differentiate investment projects on ecologically oriented, ecologically rational, ecologically acceptable and ecologically unacceptable. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9184

В дисертації проведений комплексний аналіз сучасного стану і перспектив розвитку залізничного транспорту України, визначені основні напрямки підвищення ефективності його функціонування в умовах перехідної економіки. Систематизовані та класифіковані критерії, принципи і методи оптимального управління транспортними системами. Виділені ключові фактори, що впливають на ефективність інвестиційних та інноваційних процесів на транспорті. Запропоновані підходи до вдосконалення методів оцінки інвестиційної привабливості проектів на основі урахування факторів часу, ризику і невизначеності, а також оцінка розмірів капітальних вкладень у розвиток елементів транспортної інфраструктури з урахуванням регіонально-галузевих особливостей. Розроблені рекомендації щодо використання отриманих результатів при оцінці ринкової вартості обє`ктів залізничного транспорту, ефективності електрифікації доріг і розвитку вагонобудівної бази.
The complex analysis of the morden situation and of the prospects of the Ukrain railway transport development is carried out; the main directions of the increase in the effectioness of its functioning in the transition period conditions are determined. The criteria,principles and methods of the optimal management of the transport systems are systematized and classified. The key factors which hava an influence and innovation processes on the transport are carried out.The approaches to the improvement of the estimation methods of the investment attractiveness project are proposed with accounting of temporal,risk and uncertainty` factors and on the base of the estimation of the investment sn the transport infrastructure elements development with accounting of the region and branch peculiarities.The recommendation for the obtained results using sn the estimation of the market value of the railway transport objects, in the estimation of the effectiveness of the track electrification and of the carriad-building are worked out.

Devido ao seu tamanho e complexidade, a atuação da Petrobras gera impactos diretos na economia do país e na indústria fornecedora de equipamentos e serviços. Na perspectiva de acelerar o desenvolvimento dos mercados nos quais atua, os projetos de investimento e as contratações da empresa devem suportar os desafios expressos em seu Plano Estratégico e maximizar o conteúdo local, em base competitiva e sustentável, contribuindo para o aperfeiçoamento da política de conteúdo local brasileira. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal avaliar a aplicabilidade da análise de insumo-produto nas práticas de gestão de conteúdo local da Petrobras, como instrumento para avaliação da relação entre a política de conteúdo local brasileira e os impactos socioeconômicos na implementação de projetos de investimentos no setor de petróleo, gás e naval. A pesquisa pode ser considerada aplicada, metodológica e descritiva. Quanto aos meios de investigação, a metodologia compreende: (i) pesquisa bibliográfica e documental; (ii) pesquisa de campo, envolvendo gestores e especialistas da empresa; e (iii) desenvolvimento do estudo de caso, com análise dos resultados gerados. Destacam-se como resultados: (i) a revisão crítica da literatura existente sobre conteúdo local e análise de insumo-produto; e (ii) análise dos resultados do estudo de caso e demonstração da aplicabilidade e efetividade da abordagem metodológica proposta.
Due to its size and complexity, Petrobras operations and activities have direct impact on the Brazilian economy and on the local supplier industry (equipment and services). From the perspective of accelerating the development of markets in which it operates, Petrobras investment projects and hiring processes should bear the challenges defined in its Strategic Plan and maximize the local content on competitive and sustainable basis, contributing to the improvement of Brazilian local content policy. This dissertation aims at evaluating the applicability of input-output analysis to Petrobras local content management practices, as a tool to assess the relationship between the Brazilian local content policy and social and economic impacts of implementation of investment projects in oil, natural gas and shipbuilding sector in Brazil. The research can be considered applied, methodological and descriptive. The methodology comprises: (i) bibliographical and documental review; (ii) field research, by consulting managers and experts involved in local content and corporate strategy areas; and (iii) a case study, including analysis of results and propositions for stakeholders. The main results are: (i) critical review of the literature on local content and input-output analysis; and (ii) Petrobras case study, illustrating the applicability and effectiveness of the methodological approach proposed.

Corporate social responsibility has become the business issue of the 21st century. Heightened expectations of the business sector, globalisation and increased media attention on the role of business in society are casting an intense spotlight on this issue. As a result, pressure has built on business to play a larger role in bringing about socio-economic development to many local communities where they operate. While for a long time companies have been involved in the community on a philanthropy basis, many companies today are reassessing the manner in which they conduct their corporate social responsibility programmes. Many companies are including corporate social responsibility issues into their strategic planning process and overall corporate strategy. Emphasis is given to certain strategic indicators that must be present in order for a company to be said to have taken a strategic approach to corporate social responsibility. This study adopted a critical-realist approach using a case study method to evaluate DaimlerChrysler South Africa’s corporate social investment programmes in the local community of the Border-Kei region against these strategic indicators. This new form of engagement is even challenging for a multinational corporation, which may feel that it is only obliged to assist the local community where its corporate headquarters is located. But as companies derive an everlarger share of revenue and profits from international operations, multinational companies are being called upon to redefine “community”, by looking beyond local, domestic and geographical communities to include those in regions where they have factories or factories operated by key suppliers. This study found that DCSA was strategically involved and had a good relationship with its local community. However, the company needs to be more connected with the rural communities to make local projects more successful especially after handover.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Given the necessity to adopt techniques with the aim of predict the viability of the investment and know the real economic result, alternatives using simulation and joint analysis of various indicators, can provide consistent information to assist decision making. The objective of this study was to evaluate various financial indicators, estimated deterministically, on the economic feasibility of finishing steers commercialized with different weights, using the simulation technique. A deterministic analysis was conducted, simulating performance data steers with average initial weight of 350 kg, fed in confinement for slaughter with 410, 440, 470, 500, 530, 560 and 590 kg. The feeding period varies from 46 to 185 days, respectively. The date of the sale was the same for all weights on the highest price of the year, varying the date of purchase. Based in various economic indicators, the viability of the investment decreased linearly according to the increase in weight. The net present value was R$ 41,18, R$ 41,04, R$ 10,06, R$ -27,31, R$ -9,88, R$ -28,37, R$ -37,37, the index benefit: cost R$ 1,029, R$ 1,028, R$ 1,004, R$ 0,997, R$ 0,996, R$ 0,989, R$ 0,986, Additional Return on Investment 0,96, 0,92, 0,11, -0,06, -0,07, -0,18, -0,20% per month and Internal Rate of Return 1,69, 1,64, 1,00, 0,61, 0,79, 0,66, 0,65% per month, respectively from lowest to highest weight. The use of confinement as termination option to obtain the direct benefits of this technology is an alternative investment with low economic return.
Diante da necessidade de adotar técnicas com o objetivo de prever a viabilidade do investimento e saber o real resultado econômico, alternativas usando simulação e análise conjunta de vários indicadores, podem fornecer informações consistentes para auxiliar a tomada de decisão. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar diversos indicadores financeiros estimados de forma determinística na viabilidade econômica da terminação de novilhos em confinamento, comercializados em diferentes pesos, utilizando a técnica de simulação. Foi realizada uma análise determinística simulando dados de desempenho de novilhos com peso médio inicial de 350 kg, alimentados em confinamento para serem abatidos com 410, 440, 470, 500, 530, 560 e 590 kg. O período de alimentação variou de 46 a 185 dias, respectivamente. A data da venda foi a mesma para todos os pesos, na cotação mais alta do ano, variando a data da compra. Baseada em vários indicadores, a viabilidade do investimento diminuiu linearmente de acordo com o aumento do peso. O Valor Presente Líquido foi de R$ 41,18, R$ 41,04, R$ 10,06, R$ - 27,31, R$ -9,88, R$ -28,37, R$ -37,37, o Índice Benefício:Custo R$ 1,029, R$ 1,028, R$ 1,004, R$ 0,997, R$ 0,996, R$ 0,989, R$ 0,986, Retorno Adicional sobre o Investimento 0,96, 0,92, 0,11, -0,06, -0,07, -0,18, -0,20% a.m. e Taxa Interna de Retorno 1,69, 1,64, 1,00, 0,61, 0,79, 0,66, 0,65% a.m., respectivamente do menor para o maior peso. O uso do confinamento como opção de terminação visando obter os benefícios diretos desta tecnologia representa alternativa de investimento com baixo retorno econômico.

Актуальность исследования состоит в том, что в условиях высокого уровня конкуренции в мире, а также санкций, которые действуют сегодня для России, важным фактором экономического развития промышленности является рациональное использование ресурсов на промышленных предприятиях, что связано с их ограниченностью и их высокой ценой. Целью магистерской диссертации является развитие методических основ оценки эффективности программ промышленного предприятия по энергосбережению. В работе проанализирована и оценена эффективность действующей программы энергосбережения на промышленном предприятии и разработаны мероприятия по повышению эффективности программ в области энергосбережения. В качестве источников использовалась учебно-методическая и научно-исследовательская литература, результаты эмпирических исследований автора и данные корпоративной статистики. В магистерской диссертации была разработана авторская методика проведения оценки программы энергосбережения на промышленного предприятия металлургии, включающая в себя: формирование программы на основе стандартов P2M и PMI и учет анализа стоимости тарифов на энергоносители за 5 лет. Применение данной методики позволяет углубить анализ и оценку эффективности инвестиционных проектов.
The relevance of the study is that in the conditions of high level of competition in the world, as well as the sanctions that apply today for Russia, an important factor in the economic development of industry is the rational use of resources at industrial enterprises, which is associated with their limited availability and their high price. The purpose of the master's thesis is to develop methodological foundations for evaluating the effectiveness of industrial enterprise programs for energy saving. The paper analyzes and evaluates the effectiveness of the current energy saving program at an industrial enterprise and develops measures to improve the effectiveness of energy saving programs. The sources used were educational, methodological, and research literature, the results of the author's empirical research, and corporate statistics. In the master's thesis, the author developed a methodology for evaluating the energy saving program for industrial enterprises of metallurgy, which includes: forming a program based on P2M and PMI standards and taking into account the analysis of the cost of energy tariffs for 5 years. The use of this methodology allows you to deepen the analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of investment projects.

Thesis (DPhill (Social Work))—University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
South Africa has high levels of social need which are steadily growing. While the third sector is large and contributes substantially to social service provision, it together with government is seemingly incapable of providing adequate social services, particularly in the more poverty-stricken rural areas of the country. Among other, at the root of the third sector’s inability to adequately serve the needy, is a lack of funding caused by poor funding policies and uninformed financial resource allocation decision making. As such, this study set out to develop an automated financial resource allocation decision making model that would provide extensive organised data to better inform the allocation decision making process – the first component of the study. It was also purposed to provide a range of otherwise lacking empirical data on the third sector to determine service and staffing norms, patterns of funding and to assess financial management of this sector. In so doing the Community Chest of the Western Cape was selected to serve as the locus of the study – their existing manual allocation approach was analysed and a new more sophisticated automated model was developed. Data generated by the model pointed to a further research need, that of a better understanding of the funding and financial management practices of the third sector. This gave rise to the third component of the study, a survey of 232 beneficiary organisations of the Community Chest. An analysis of the data generated by the model and collected from the survey highlighted yet another need, the poor financial management acumen of the sector. In order to address this need and hence the efficacy of the model, a survey of 207 University of Cape Town management accounting students was conducted to determine the feasibility of using their financial management knowledge and skills to support financially and IT-illiterate organisations – the fourth component of the study. The study primarily adopted a quantitative research paradigm; the research design was exploratory-descriptive and used a primary data design with limited secondary data analysis. Data was captured in MS Access and analysed using Statistica and MS Excel. Results indicated that the country’s funding policies were wanting and that the allocation of state and state-controlled funding agency resources were not being allocated in concert with adopted policy. In almost all cases the poorer rural areas had and received fewer resources. Most organisations surveyed were not financially secured and their ability to fundraise was very limited. Their financial management ability was not good. Fortunately a substantial number of accounting students indicated a willingness to improve the financial management ability of such needy organisations. The study concludes by recommending further development of the model, utilisation of accounting students and calls for a major assessment of third sector needs, its funding and financial management. It also recommends the formulation of new funding policies.

No contexto da avaliação econômica de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços percebem-se muitas dificuldades: ausência de classificação dos métodos de avaliação de investimentos apropriados para o contexto de priorização e seleção de projetos; ausência de sistematização das condições necessárias (conhecimentos, informações, habilidades, formulações e critérios de avaliação) à aplicação dos métodos; ausência de um framework de avaliação econômica que integre condições necessárias para a aplicação dos métodos com o apoio à escolha e aplicação de métodos de avaliação de investimentos apropriados aos conhecimentos disponíveis. Com o objetivo de superar tais dificuldades, essa pesquisa propõe uma sistematização e análise da avaliação econômica de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços para poder apoiar a escolha e aplicação de métodos. O método de pesquisa adotado consiste em múltiplos estudos de casos. A pesquisa compreende três fases: (1) Aquisição de conhecimentos; (2) Sistematização da avaliação econômica, com base na revisão bibliográfica e em pesquisa de campo exploratória; (3) Análise da avaliação econômica com base em sete casos. Os resultados colaboram com evidências de que uma sistematização da avaliação econômica pode apoiar a escolha e a aplicação de métodos de avaliação de investimentos para a priorização e seleção de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços conforme os conhecimentos disponíveis. Além disso, uma proposta de planilha e a simulação de um exemplo fictício foram elaboradas, com o objetivo de apoiar a avaliação de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços. Os resultados compreendem desde a caracterização e sistematização dos métodos de avaliação de investimentos na priorização e a seleção de projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços, a análise de diversos constructos chaves em estudos de casos, até a proposição de possíveis melhorias do processo decisório nos casos.
In the context of economic evaluation, many difficulties are perceived: lack of classification of evaluation methods according to the context of investment prioritization and selection of projects to develop products and services; lack of systematization of the required conditions (knowledge, information, skills, formulation and evaluation criteria) to the applications of methods; lack of economic evaluation framework that integrates the required conditions to support the choice of methods to apply according to the available knowledge. In order to overcome these difficulties, this research proposes a systematization and analysis of the economic evaluation of the product and service development projects to support the methods choice and selection. The research method adopted is based on multiple case studies. The research comprehends three phases: (1) Acquisition of knowledge; (2) Economic evaluation systematization, through literature review and exploratory field research; (3) Analysis of the economic evaluation based on seven cases. The results provide evidence that a systematization of economic evaluation can support the choice and application of valuating investments methods for the prioritization and selection of the product and service development projects according to the available knowledge. Furthermore, a proposal of a spreadsheet and its simulation based on a fictional example were prepared, aiming at supporting the evaluation of development projects for products and services. The results comprises from the characterization and systematization of the methods to evaluate investments concerning the prioritization and selection of projects for development of products and services, the analysis of several key constructs in case studies, to the proposition of possible improvements in the decision-making in those cases.

This doctoral thesis widely analyses the process of investment decision-making. In its individual parts, it researches models used for planning, analysing and evaluation of investments projects, but also models used for final decision about realization of the investment. Investing activity is present in world economic cycle in all it’s phases. Capital sources used for financing if the investment projects are scarce and must be handled with care. For this reason, there are many supportive methodologies and models employed in managing of the investments as well as instruments developed to miti-gate the potential project risks. However, even utilization of these instruments and models can’t guarantee the expected results. There are uncertainties, errors and in-accuracies in the process that can thwart investment decisions. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the investment decision-making process (from the initial idea to the realization of the investment project) and to identify the main un-certainties – factors influencing the success / error rate of models for investment project planning as well as the decision on their realization. The main outcome of the thesis is an overview of these factors and recommenda-tions on how to work with these factors and make the process as effective as possi-ble. Another output is an analysis and recommendations for the use of financing sources and mix of the instruments that should be used to mitigate the potential impact of risks that are connected to all investment projects.

This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of economic efficiency of investment projects in transport infrastructure in the Czech Republic. The evaluation of road and motorway infrastructure projects is carried out according to the methodological documents of the Ministry of Transport, the State Fund for Transport Infrastructure and the Road and Motorway Directorate of the Czech Republic. As changes in methodological procedures have taken place in recent years, the diploma thesis deals with the resulting values of economic efficiency indicators, especially with net present value. The thesis analyzes the basic calculation formula for the evaluation of road and motorway infrastructure, which is an integral part of the evaluation of road projects. There are also described fundamental methodological changes regarding, for example, the calculation of the residual value of the project at the end of the reference period or the change in the discount rate. The changes are applied to a case study of a specific section of the Czech transport industry. It evaluates their impact on the final value of the critical indicator of economic efficiency, which is the net present value.

The design of hydropower projects requires a comprehensive planning process in order to achieve the objective to maximise exploitation of the existing hydropower potential as well as future revenues of the plant. For this purpose and to satisfy approval requirements for a complex hydropower development, it is imperative at planning stage, that the conceptual development contemplates a wide range of influencing design factors and ensures appropriate consideration of all related aspects. Since the majority of technical and economical parameters that are required for detailed and final design cannot be precisely determined at early planning stages, crucial design parameters such as design discharge and hydraulic head have to be examined through an extensive optimisation process. One disadvantage inherent to commonly used deterministic analysis is the lack of objectivity for the selection of input parameters. Moreover, it cannot be ensured that the entire existing parameter ranges and all possible parameter combinations are covered. Probabilistic methods utilise discrete probability distributions or parameter input ranges to cover the entire range of uncertainties resulting from an information deficit during the planning phase and integrate them into the optimisation by means of an alternative calculation method. The investigated method assists with the mathematical assessment and integration of uncertainties into the rational economic appraisal of complex infrastructure projects. The assessment includes an exemplary verification to what extent the Random Set Theory can be utilised for the determination of input parameters that are relevant for the optimisation of hydropower projects and evaluates possible improvements with respect to accuracy and suitability of the calculated results
Die Auslegung von Wasserkraftanlagen stellt einen komplexen Planungsablauf dar, mit dem Ziel das vorhandene Wasserkraftpotential möglichst vollständig zu nutzen und künftige, wirtschaftliche Erträge der Kraftanlage zu maximieren. Um dies zu erreichen und gleichzeitig die Genehmigungsfähigkeit eines komplexen Wasserkraftprojektes zu gewährleisten, besteht hierbei die zwingende Notwendigkeit eine Vielzahl für die Konzepterstellung relevanter Einflussfaktoren zu erfassen und in der Projektplanungsphase hinreichend zu berücksichtigen. In frühen Planungsstadien kann ein Großteil der für die Detailplanung entscheidenden, technischen und wirtschaftlichen Parameter meist nicht exakt bestimmt werden, wodurch maßgebende Designparameter der Wasserkraftanlage, wie Durchfluss und Fallhöhe, einen umfangreichen Optimierungsprozess durchlaufen müssen. Ein Nachteil gebräuchlicher, deterministischer Berechnungsansätze besteht in der zumeist unzureichenden Objektivität bei der Bestimmung der Eingangsparameter, sowie der Tatsache, dass die Erfassung der Parameter in ihrer gesamten Streubreite und sämtlichen, maßgeblichen Parameterkombinationen nicht sichergestellt werden kann. Probabilistische Verfahren verwenden Eingangsparameter in ihrer statistischen Verteilung bzw. in Form von Bandbreiten, mit dem Ziel, Unsicherheiten, die sich aus dem in der Planungsphase unausweichlichen Informationsdefizit ergeben, durch Anwendung einer alternativen Berechnungsmethode mathematisch zu erfassen und in die Berechnung einzubeziehen. Die untersuchte Vorgehensweise trägt dazu bei, aus einem Informationsdefizit resultierende Unschärfen bei der wirtschaftlichen Beurteilung komplexer Infrastrukturprojekte objektiv bzw. mathematisch zu erfassen und in den Planungsprozess einzubeziehen. Es erfolgt eine Beurteilung und beispielhafte Überprüfung, inwiefern die Random Set Methode bei Bestimmung der für den Optimierungsprozess von Wasserkraftanlagen relevanten Eingangsgrößen Anwendung finden kann und in wieweit sich hieraus Verbesserungen hinsichtlich Genauigkeit und Aussagekraft der Berechnungsergebnisse ergeben

This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of economic efficiency and the financial feasibility of the project realised by the municipality. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical background chapter, the author introduces the topic of the public sector and the public investment project. Furthermore, this thesis discusses methods which are used for evaluation of economic efficiency of the public projects and also their financing. The second part deals with the case study of the parking house project in Litomyšl. The author uses knowledge from the theoretical part to evaluate the effectiveness of the project and possible sources of financing.

博士
國立中興大學
應用經濟學系
94
After the 9-21 Earthquake, some areas such as Hua-Shan Village of Gu-Keng Township, Yunlin County, were more easily affected by debris flow after serious storms. To protect these areas and promote rural development, the government has designed risk management and community development plans, and spent hundreds of millions of dollars. In order to understand the value of environmental goods which public had invested projects in Hua-Shan Village. In this research, we adopt nonmarket goods evaluation methods include contingent valuation method (CVM) and travel cost method (TCM), to estimate the indirect benefits of residents, and the use and nonuse value of travelers. We analyze the differences of perception and preference among respondents by using Likert scales, analysis hierarchy process (AHP), and multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT). We then, compare these three methods according to the theoretical reasoning, simplicity, and empirical results for each one. It is found that MAUT combined with Likert scales is better than other methods for evaluating the perceptions and preferences based on theoretical reasoning, questionnaire design and field survey. We use factor analysis to analyze the residents’ perception of debris flow disaster affecting factors, and extract these factors into four component dimensions. We rename new factors and sort them by weight of factors loading, the sequential order is as follows: life and property, living and leisure, landscape and environment, tourism and industry. From the viewpoint of management, a government implements suchlike public investment projects must not only protect the residents’ life and property, but also pay attention to the quality of their leisure and living. In addition, it needs to enhance the conservation of environment and landscape, to develop the local industries, and to promote the economic prosperity. Double bound dichotomous choice model of CVM has been used in this study to estimate residents’ willingness to pay for maintaining the quality of life, conserving environment and landscape, keeping life safety, and sustaining rural culture heritage. We also evaluate the nonuse value of travelers by using the same method. An on-site Poisson model of TCM, truncated and endogenously stratified is adopted to evaluate the use value by calculating the consumer surplus. In addition, the empirical results shown that residents’ willing-to-pay, has the same sequential order for both of cardinal utility and ordinal utility. So, it is reasonable to assume the residents have the same preference, and the additive model of MAUT to aggregate the indirect benefits can be justified. If we add indirect benefits from residents and use and nonuse values from travelers together, the total benefits of public investment projects without including the direct benefits from residents in Hua-Shan Village is approximately 2.7 billions NT dollars. This is the nonmarket goods value of environmental resources. Nowadays, it is important to protect environment and ecosystem, government can no longer neglect it to implement public projects. The benefits of environmental resources should be considered, so that the optimal allocation of resources can be made, and the social welfare can be maximized.

The MOZAL aluminium smelter in Maputo is the largest-ever foreign direct investment in Mozambique. South Africa&rsquo
s state-owned Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) owns 24% shares in MOZAL and the Development Bank of South Africa (DBSA) and Eskom provided road and power supply infrastructure to ensure the success of the smelter. BHP Billiton is the majority shareholder, the other being Mitsubishi. MOZAL is the flagship of South Africa&rsquo
s foreign policy for regional integration in southern Africa and economic reconstruction in Mozambique: a practical manifestation of the African Renaissance. This thesis is a case study of MOZAL as an example of cross-border industrial development and its implications for development in Mozambique. Using an eclectic multidisciplinary Critical Global Political Economy (critical GPE) theoretical framework, a survey of relevant literature and a series of selected open interviews, it examines how development based on the assumptions of industrialisation and neo-modernisation espoused by the governments and private sector champions of MOZAL impact on class, gender, environmental and social justice in Mozambique. The research identifies the socio-economic development dimensions of MOZAL for Mozambique and how the cost and benefits are distributed among the various social groups and actors directly and/or indirectly involved with the MOZAL aluminium smelter. The main findings are that MOZAL as a private sector FDI project is a qualified success. On the positive side, it contributes to economic growth. However, the benefits to Mozambique are exaggerated and are not broadly distributed. On the negative side, it contributes to increasing the economic dependence of Mozambique on the South African economy. Instead of narrowing the development gap, the smelter has contributed to increased differentiation between companies in South Africa and Mozambique and, within Mozambique, between the Northern and Southern regions, as well as among MOZAL employees and the majority of the population in Maputo. The implications are that the development benefits from foreign direct investment cross-border industrial development projects may, at least in the short-term, lead to uneven regional integration and development enjoyed by a few.

Куценко О. А. Управління інвестиційними проектами ПАТ «Мотор Січ» в системі економічної безпеки підприємства : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 073 "Менеджмент" / наук. керівник О. В. Лепьохін. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2020. 108 с.
UA : Кваліфікаційна робота: 108 с., 17 рис., 16 табл., 4 додатки, 72 джерела. Об’єктом дослідження є процеси управління інвестиційними проектами промислового підприємства ПАТ «Мотор Січ». Метою кваліфікаційної роботи є розвиток теоретичних засад управління інвестиційними проектами підприємства та розробка практичних рекомендацій щодо удосконалення методичного забезпечення оцінки інвестиційних проектів. Завдання: дослідити роль інвестицій та інвестиційної діяльності у системі економічної безпеки підприємства; розглянути особливості управління інвестиційними проектами підприємства; дослідити методичні підходи до оцінки привабливості інвестиційних проектів; проаналізувати інвестиційну діяльність підприємства ПАТ «Мотор Січ»; удосконалити методичний підхід щодо оцінки інвестиційних проектів підприємства. Методи досліджень: діалектичні, порівняльного, статистичного аналізу, графоаналітичні методи. Одержані результати та їх новизна: удосконалено методичний підхід щодо економічного обґрунтування інвестиційних проектів в аспекті оцінки економічного потенціалу підприємства за умови такої стратегії відновлення ресурсів, що дозволяла би на основі оцінки виробничого та інвестиційного потенціалу підприємства, технічного рівня виробництва зберігати йому конкурентоспроможність внаслідок зменшення витрат. Практичні результати дослідження полягають у тому, що запровадження запропонованих заходів дозволить підприємству забезпечувати раціональний розподіл та використання його інвестиційних ресурсів
EN : Qualifying work: 108 pp., 17 fig., 16 tab., 4 annex, 72 references. The object of the study is the management of investment projects of the industrial Enterprise PJSC «Motor Sich». The subject of research is theoretical, methodical and practical aspects of investment support of the enterprise projects. The purpose of the qualification work is to develop the theoretical foundations of managing the investment projects of the enterprise and to develop practical recommendations for improving the methodological support for the evaluation of investment projects. Objectives: To investigate the role of investment and investment activity in the economic security of the enterprise to consider features of management of investment projects of the enterprise; explore methodological approaches to assessing the attractiveness of investment projects; analyze the investment activity of Enterprise PJSC «Motor Sich»; to improve the methodological approach to the evaluation of investment projects of the enterprise. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of knowledge of economic phenomena in the management of investment projects of the enterprise, modern management theory. During the study, the methods of comparative, statistical analysis, graphoanalytical methods of displaying the results of research were widely used. The results obtained and their novelty: improved methodological approach to the economic feasibility of investment projects in the aspect of assessing the economic potential of the enterprise, subject to such a strategy of resource recovery, which would allow, on the basis of an assessment of the production and investment potential of the enterprise, technical level of production to maintain its competitiveness due to cost reduction. The practical results of the study are that the implementation of the proposed measures will allow the company to ensure rational allocation and use of its investment resources

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engineering and Industrial Management
Research and Development (R&D) projects have limited budgets, depending on the company’s investment and funding capacities available to the company. That being said, the financial dimension should be included in R&D management at every stage to identify possible risks and evaluate the return on investment (ROI), as soon as possible. This research aims to develop a framework to evaluate R&D projects. The developed economic and financial model (FINECON Model) is a decision-making and evaluation tool for R&D projects and their financial scenarios, designed for entrepreneurs, companies with R&D teams, and, lastly, investors or business angels’ usage, allowing the economic and financial viability study of new products, businesses, and technological startups. The proposed methodology was applied to MobiBUS, an intelligent mobility R&D project developed in Bosch Car Multimedia, in collaboration with the University of Minho. The application of the developed model to the case study MobiBUS supported the whole evaluation, the formulation of good and bad hypothetical scenarios, and the delivery of information to the team and potential investors. In conclusion, the MobiBUS project was evaluated as viable, taking into consideration its resources, product, and used technology, as well as sustainable enough to create a start-up. The developed model can be applied to other case studies in mobility contexts or other technological R&D projects.
Os projetos de Investigação e Desenvolvimento (I&D) possuem orçamento limitado, e estão dependentes das capacidades de investimento e de financiamento à disposição da empresa. Deste modo, a dimensão financeira deve estar presente na gestão de I&D para que possam ser identificados possíveis riscos e para que seja possível avaliar o retorno do investimento (ROI) o mais precocemente possível. Este projeto de investigação teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para avaliar projetos de I&D. O modelo de avaliação económico-financeira desenvolvido (modelo FINECON) é uma ferramenta para a tomada de decisão e avaliação de projetos de I&D e respetivos cenários financeiros, que se destina a empreendedores, empresas com projetos de I&D, ou, em último caso, investidores permitindo analisar as condições de viabilidade económico-financeira de novos produtos, negócios e startups de base tecnológica. A metodologia proposta foi aplicada no MobiBUS, um projeto de mobilidade inteligente de I&D desenvolvido na Bosch Car Multimedia, em colaboração com a Universidade do Minho. A aplicação do modelo ao projeto MobiBUS suportou a sua total avaliação, a formulação hipotética de cenários otimistas e pessimistas, e o fornecimento de informações à equipa e potenciais investidores.Em suma, o projeto MobiBUS avaliou-se viável, tendo em conta os recursos, produto e tecnologia utilizada, e ainda suficientemente sustentável para que se crie uma start-up. O modelo desenvolvido pode ser aplicado noutros casos no contexto particular da mobilidade e noutros projetos de I&D de base tecnológica.

Villagisation and large-scale agricultural investments in Gambella region has been a major concern of human right groups. The Ethiopian government argues that villagisation program is voluntary and part of Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) which attempts to bring development to indigenous communities and nothing to do with large-scale agricultural investment. On the contrary, human right groups and local civil society organizations claim that the Ethiopian government is forcefully relocating indigenous people from their ancestral land under the disguise of development while the true motive of the government is to expand agricultural investment in the region at the expense of the livelihood of the local communities. This research is an attempt to investigate the controversial villagisation and large-scale agricultural investment in Gambella regional state by looking into the link between large-scale agricultural investment and villagisation. The main focus of the research is to examine the impacts of agricultural investment and villagisation in Gambella region the light of the Ethiopian government policy in the region and the alleged development induced human right violations. The research is based on a qualitative method to capture data from 32 villagisation sites using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and field observations. For the purpose of this study, 241 participants were selected from the study sites to participate in the research. Out of the 241 participants 75 of them were participated in in-depth interviews and the rest were included in focus group discussions and informal discussions based on the participants’ knowledge, views, experience and feelings associated with villagisation and large-scale agricultural investment in the region. The findings of this study show no indication of involuntary villagisation, no significant relationship between villagisation and investment, or no evidence of previously occupied land being leased to investors. However, the study reveals that there has been serious lack of communication and misinformation from the government side in the process of planning and implementing the villagisation program. Owing to this, suspicion and lack of trust between government officials and the local communities characterized implementation of the villagisation project.
Geography

Thesis
The objective of this study is to assess the nature of women’s empowerment promoted by the Sudanese Women General Union (SWGU) in Sudan as a strategy for simultaneously addressing both poverty alleviation and women's empowerment using microcredit as a tool in the fight against poverty and women's empowerment at the household level during the period 1999-2005. The SWGU directed its development efforts towards promoting the women's cause officially and unofficially through the whole spectrum of governmental institutions and non-governmental organizations. Therefore, the government support these initiatives of women development processes and assisted in establishing the SWGU in 1990 as a strategic planning and coordination mechanism for poverty alleviation through the lead of the Ministry of Welfare and Social Development and with the cooperation from other ministries, government and non-government organisations at national, state and grassroots levels. The problem of the research reveals that majority of women in Sudan live with low or no income; economically they are dependent on their husbands' income; burdened with their household activities and responsibilities to feed; educate and take care of many children, encounter a core problem which is lack of access to credit and financial services to economically, socially and politically empower themselves and improve their status. The study reviewed the relevant literature, the context of women's poverty in Sudan, Sudan poverty strategies and policies, SWGU's role in strategic planning, coordination and implementation of the microcredit programmes. The achievements of the study on the socioeconomic empowerment of women at the household levels, the constraints and the recommendations were summarised. The researcher carried out this study during the period 2005-2009, to add to the body of the empirical literature of women studies in particular to the SWGU's microcredit projects best ii practices and lessons learned. In addition the study could help in conducting further womenstudies in Sudan and other developing counties.
Development Studies
D.Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)

No contexto actual da economia do país, verificamos um elevado índice de criação de empresas na cidade do Lubango. No entanto, deparamo-nos também com muitos problemas no que diz respeito à permanência delas. Um dos grandes problemas detectados foi a ausência de um estudo de viabilidade económico-financeira aquando da sua criação, bem como a sua execução. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo geral analisar a viabilidade económica e financeira para construção de dez salas de aulas no Colégio Esperança no Município do Lubango, e ajustar as exigências do mercado. Com este objectivo, fez-se uma análise de mercado junto dos principais potenciais clientes, fornecedores, e concorrentes e elaborou-se todos os mapas considerados necessários à avaliação económica e financeira do projeto. Por fim, conclui-se que, com base nos pressupostos definidos, a construção de mais 10 salas de aulas no colégio Esperança é economicamente viável, pois, consistirá no aumento da riqueza do colégio, da mão-de-obra da província em particular e do país em geral, bem como no aumento da população instruida da província em particular e do país em geral.
In the current context of the economy of the country, we found a high rate of creation of companies in the city of Lubango. However, we are faced also with many problems with regard to the permanence of them. One of the major problems encountered was the absence of a study of the economic and financial feasibility at the time of its creation, as well as its implementation. In this sense, this work had as general objective to analyse the financial and economic feasibility for the construction of ten classrooms in the College of Esperança in the City of Lubango, and adjust to the demands of the market. With this objective, an analysis was made of the market with major potential customers, suppliers, and competitors, and drew up all the maps considered necessary to the economic and financial evaluation of the project. Finally, it is concluded that, based on the defined assumptions, the construction of 10 classrooms in Esperança College is economically viable, therefore, will be to increase the wealth of the college, the labor-Obre the particular province and the country in general, as well as increased instructed the province in particular and the country in general population.

The design of hydropower projects requires a comprehensive planning process in order to achieve the objective to maximise exploitation of the existing hydropower potential as well as future revenues of the plant. For this purpose and to satisfy approval requirements for a complex hydropower development, it is imperative at planning stage, that the conceptual development contemplates a wide range of influencing design factors and ensures appropriate consideration of all related aspects. Since the majority of technical and economical parameters that are required for detailed and final design cannot be precisely determined at early planning stages, crucial design parameters such as design discharge and hydraulic head have to be examined through an extensive optimisation process. One disadvantage inherent to commonly used deterministic analysis is the lack of objectivity for the selection of input parameters. Moreover, it cannot be ensured that the entire existing parameter ranges and all possible parameter combinations are covered. Probabilistic methods utilise discrete probability distributions or parameter input ranges to cover the entire range of uncertainties resulting from an information deficit during the planning phase and integrate them into the optimisation by means of an alternative calculation method. The investigated method assists with the mathematical assessment and integration of uncertainties into the rational economic appraisal of complex infrastructure projects. The assessment includes an exemplary verification to what extent the Random Set Theory can be utilised for the determination of input parameters that are relevant for the optimisation of hydropower projects and evaluates possible improvements with respect to accuracy and suitability of the calculated results.
Die Auslegung von Wasserkraftanlagen stellt einen komplexen Planungsablauf dar, mit dem Ziel das vorhandene Wasserkraftpotential möglichst vollständig zu nutzen und künftige, wirtschaftliche Erträge der Kraftanlage zu maximieren. Um dies zu erreichen und gleichzeitig die Genehmigungsfähigkeit eines komplexen Wasserkraftprojektes zu gewährleisten, besteht hierbei die zwingende Notwendigkeit eine Vielzahl für die Konzepterstellung relevanter Einflussfaktoren zu erfassen und in der Projektplanungsphase hinreichend zu berücksichtigen. In frühen Planungsstadien kann ein Großteil der für die Detailplanung entscheidenden, technischen und wirtschaftlichen Parameter meist nicht exakt bestimmt werden, wodurch maßgebende Designparameter der Wasserkraftanlage, wie Durchfluss und Fallhöhe, einen umfangreichen Optimierungsprozess durchlaufen müssen. Ein Nachteil gebräuchlicher, deterministischer Berechnungsansätze besteht in der zumeist unzureichenden Objektivität bei der Bestimmung der Eingangsparameter, sowie der Tatsache, dass die Erfassung der Parameter in ihrer gesamten Streubreite und sämtlichen, maßgeblichen Parameterkombinationen nicht sichergestellt werden kann. Probabilistische Verfahren verwenden Eingangsparameter in ihrer statistischen Verteilung bzw. in Form von Bandbreiten, mit dem Ziel, Unsicherheiten, die sich aus dem in der Planungsphase unausweichlichen Informationsdefizit ergeben, durch Anwendung einer alternativen Berechnungsmethode mathematisch zu erfassen und in die Berechnung einzubeziehen. Die untersuchte Vorgehensweise trägt dazu bei, aus einem Informationsdefizit resultierende Unschärfen bei der wirtschaftlichen Beurteilung komplexer Infrastrukturprojekte objektiv bzw. mathematisch zu erfassen und in den Planungsprozess einzubeziehen. Es erfolgt eine Beurteilung und beispielhafte Überprüfung, inwiefern die Random Set Methode bei Bestimmung der für den Optimierungsprozess von Wasserkraftanlagen relevanten Eingangsgrößen Anwendung finden kann und in wieweit sich hieraus Verbesserungen hinsichtlich Genauigkeit und Aussagekraft der Berechnungsergebnisse ergeben.