Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economic Instrument for Biodiversity Conservation

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Economic Instrument for Biodiversity Conservation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Economic Instrument for Biodiversity Conservation"

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Ayoo, Collins. "Economic instruments and the conservation of biodiversity." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 19, no. 5 (August 8, 2008): 550–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777830810894238.

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Bett, Larissa Amanda, Celso Garcia Auer, Susan Grace Karp, and Leila Teresinha Maranho. "Forest biotechnology: economic aspects and conservation implications." Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 9, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v9n1.bett.

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The importance of forest ecosystems for ecological balance and as a reservoir of genetic heritage and biodiversity is evident, the need for conservation is further exalted by the great anthropic pressure suffered by these ecosystems due to the increasing demand of the forest sector. The possibility of using biotechnological practices to combine conservation with sustainable economic development emerges as a promising alternative for the recovery and use of forest species, especially those threatened with extinction. The aims of the article is to demonstrate the main aspects of Forest Biotechnology with regard to conservation and the continuity of the supply of the demand of the economic sector. The central role of wood in economic development has led to the intense exploitation of forest ecosystems, which has resulted in the loss of biodiversity and reduced capacity to meet the demands of the sector. The tools of forest biotechnology, when employed in the optimization of conservation, allow a compatibilization with commercial production, acting as instruments of sustainable development. Forestry Biotechnology acts as an instrument to reconcile conservation with economic development, including forests at the heart of a strategy for a sustainable future.
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Ray, Justina C., Jaime Grimm, and Andrea Olive. "The biodiversity crisis in Canada: failures and challenges of federal and sub-national strategic and legal frameworks." FACETS 6 (January 1, 2021): 1044–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0075.

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Negative biodiversity trends are evident in Canada, in spite of its ecological and economic wealth and high governance capacity. We examined the current implementation of Canada’s national biodiversity strategy—the planning instrument to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity—through its existing legal framework. We did this by evaluating biodiversity-related strategies and plans and 201 federal, provincial, and territorial laws. We found that while most jurisdictions claim dedicated attention to biodiversity, there is little evidence of an integrated approach within provinces and territories and across the federation. Biodiversity conservation led by governments underscores the need for considerations of species and ecosystem services to be mainstreamed into economic and development decision-making. Key challenges to this include Canada’s unusual degree of decentralized constitutionally ascribed authority over natural assets and its historical and continued economic emphasis on extraction of natural resources—a conflict of interest for jurisdictions. Transitioning to scale-appropriate planning and integrated decision-making that can address the pressures and causes of biodiversity conservation in Canada will require transformative change. Law reform, while necessary, will not succeed unless accompanied by a whole-of-government approach, a shift to a bio-centric mindset, innovative governance (particularly Indigenous-led conservation), and federal leadership with strong levels of financial investment.
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Gibbons, P., S. V Briggs, and J. M. Shields. "Are economic instruments the saviour for biodiversity on private land?" Pacific Conservation Biology 7, no. 4 (2001): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc020223.

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IT is the year 2020. Farmers have broken the record for the number of threatened species recorded on private property in a single year. Five species of woodland bird are removed from threatened species lists. The area of private land managed for biodiversity now exceeds the area of public land managed for biodiversity. Farm income from biodiversity is greater than wheat. The Biodiversity Growers Association calls for the environment levy on Australian taxpayers to be increased. Drought relief payments are at an all time low. Retiring head of government conservation agency described as "visionary" by farmers' representatives.
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Ring, Irene, Martin Drechsler, Astrid JA van Teeffelen, Silvia Irawan, and Oscar Venter. "Biodiversity conservation and climate mitigation: what role can economic instruments play?" Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 2, no. 1-2 (May 2010): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2010.02.004.

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J. Pannell, David. "Heathens in the chapel? Economics and the conservation of native biodiversity." Pacific Conservation Biology 10, no. 2 (2004): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc040088.

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Biodiversity conservation is a human endeavour and economic drivers playa key role in shaping human behaviour. This is particularly true of human behaviour in management of businesses (such as farms) and in relation to the resources that underpin businesses (such as land and water). For this reason, the theories and models of economics have a lot to offer people concemed with biodiversity conservation. The paper outlines a number of theories and insights from economics that are relevant to biodiversity, particularly from the point of view of governments wishing to make efficient and cost-effective decisions about investment priorities for biodiversity. There is a need for better definition of biodiversity objectives, and for improved information about cause and effect relationships between interventions and outcomes. The importance of paying adequate attention to the farm-level economics of proposed changes in land management is emphasized. This is an important influence on farmers' responses, particularly if large-scale changes are sought. Non-market valuation studies to place monetary values on biodiversity outcomes have a potential role to play in evaluating policy options, although a measured approach to the use of these techniques seems warranted. There is a discussion about the limited role that economics can play in determining who should pay for biodiversity interventions. The selection of policy approaches and policy instruments for biodiversity needs to be sophisticated, based on science, and sensitive to different biodiversity-related problems and opportunities.
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Sullivan, Sian. "After the Green Rush? Biodiversity Offsets, Uranium Power and the ‘Calculus of Casualties’ in Greening Growth." Human Geography 6, no. 1 (March 2013): 80–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861300600106.

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Biodiversity offsets are part of a new suite of biodiversity conservation instruments designed to mitigate the impacts of economic developments on species, habitats and ecosystems. Led by an international collaboration of representatives from companies, financial institutions, governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme (BBOP) of the market-oriented Forest Trends group, has created a global framework through which principles and standards for biodiversity offsets are being established. These enable the apparently unavoidable harm caused by development to be exchanged for investment in conservation activities both at different geographical locations and in the future. Offsets can also be traded via bespoke markets for environmental conservation indicators. Given a globalizing ‘green economy’ discourse that conservation can be a profitable enterprise if guided by market-based mechanisms and the entwining of ecological with economic spheres, biodiversity offsets are becoming key to current entrepreneurial interest in biodiversity conservation. The ‘green rush’ of my title refers to both this interest in conservation activities that can be marketized, and to an associated appetite in business and financial sectors for incorporating biodiversity offsets as part of a strategy for ‘greening’ the environmental harm caused by developments. I illustrate the uses to which biodiversity offsets are being put, through a case study connecting the extraction of uranium in Namibia for the generation of nuclear power in the UK. Biodiversity offsets are invoked to satisfy requirements for off-site mitigation of environmental harm at points of both extraction and ‘consumption’ of uranium in this case. I highlight some of the (anti-)ecological assumptions guiding calculations of complex ecological assemblages so that they can become biodiversity offsets, and draw attention to the intensified distributions of new environmental values with which biodiversity offsets may be associated.
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Farooq, Umar, Munir Ahmad, and Abdul Wahid Jasra. "Natural Resource Conservation, Poverty Alleviation, and Farmer Partnership." Pakistan Development Review 46, no. 4II (December 1, 2007): 1023–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4iipp.1023-1049.

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Agriculture has now been seen in its multiple roles like contributing to development as an economic activity, source of livelihood, provider of environmental services and a unique instrument to overall development. As an economic activity, it is a source of growth for national economy, food security, foreign exchange as well as provider of investment opportunities for agro-based industries and rural non-farm economy. As source of livelihood, it provides jobs to majority of the people, especially the small holders, landless and the poor. In terms of environmental services, being the major player in underground water depletion, agrochemical pollution, soil exhaustion and global climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, agriculture can create good and bad environmental outcomes. Its environmental contributions in managing watersheds and preserving biodiversity are generally unrecognised and unremunerated. Agriculture has well established record as an instrument for poverty reduction1 as well as a leading sector for overall growth in the agriculture-based countries of the world [World Bank (2007)]. In future, agriculture has to commit more promises (e.g. bio-fuel) to the nation without compromising over primary responsibility of food security along with poverty alleviation, conservation of natural resource base, environment protection etc. Unfortunately, the agriculture has been vastly underused for development.
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ADMIRAAL, JEROEN F., RIYAN J. G. VAN DEN BORN, ALMUT BERINGER, FLAVIA BONAIUTO, LAVINIA CICERO, JUHA HIEDANPÄÄ, PAUL KNIGHTS, et al. "Motivations for committed nature conservation action in Europe." Environmental Conservation 44, no. 2 (March 13, 2017): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689291700008x.

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SUMMARYDespite ongoing efforts to motivate politicians and publics in Europe regarding nature conservation, biodiversity continues to decline. Monetary valuation of ecosystem services appears to be insufficient to motivate people, suggesting that non-monetary values have a crucial role to play. There is insufficient information about the motivations of actors who have been instrumental in successful conservation projects. We investigated the motivations underlying these biodiversity actors using the ranking of cards and compared the results with the rankings of motivations of a second group of actors with more socially related interests. For both groups of actors, their action relating to biodiversity was supported in general by two groups of motivations related to living a meaningful life and moral values. The non-biodiversity actors also noted that their action relating to biodiversity rested more on beauty, place attachment and intrinsic values in comparison with their main non-biodiversity interests. Our results have implications for environmental policy and biodiversity conservation in that the current tendency of focusing on the economic valuation of biodiversity fails to address the motivations of successful actors, thereby failing to motivate nature conservation on an individual level.
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SANTOS, RUI, CHRISTOPH SCHRÖTER-SCHLAACK, PAULA ANTUNES, IRENE RING, and PEDRO CLEMENTE. "Reviewing the role of habitat banking and tradable development rights in the conservation policy mix." Environmental Conservation 42, no. 4 (April 30, 2015): 294–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892915000089.

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SUMMARYHabitat banking and tradable development rights (TDR) have gained considerable currency as a way of achieving ‘no net loss’ of biodiversity and of reconciling nature conservation with economic development goals. This paper reviews the use of these instruments for biodiversity conservation and assesses their roles in the policy mix. The two instruments are compared in terms of effectiveness, cost effectiveness, social impact, institutional context and legal requirements. The role in the policy mix is discussed highlighting sequential relationships, as well as complementarities or synergies, redundancy and conflicts with other instruments, such as biodiversity offsets and land-use zoning.Habitat banking and TDR have the potential to contribute to biodiversity conservation objectives and attain cost-effective solutions with positive social impacts on local communities and landowners. They can also help to create a new mind-set more favourable to public-private cooperation in biodiversity conservation. At the same time, these policy instruments face a number of theoretical and implementation challenges, such as additionality and equivalence of offsets, endurance of land-use planning regulations, monitoring of offset performance, or time lags between restoration and resulting conservation benefits.A clear, enforceable regulatory approach is a prerequisite for the success of habitat banking and TDR. In return, these schemes provide powerful incentives for compliance with regulatory norms and ensure a more equitable allocation of the benefits and costs of land-use controls and conservation. Environmentally harmful subsidies in other policy sectors as well as alternative offset options, however, reduce the attractiveness and effectiveness of these instruments. Thus, the overall performance of habitat banking and TDR hinges on how they are integrated into the biodiversity conservation policy mix and fine-tuned with other sectoral policies.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic Instrument for Biodiversity Conservation"

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Ring, Irene. "Economic Instruments for Conservation Policies in Federal Systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-72649.

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This habilitation thesis consists of seven published journal articles and one published book chapter. Part I, consisting of chapter 1, introduces the overarching theme of environmental policy instruments and discusses the current use of and prospects for economic instruments in conservation policies. A number of research gaps are identified which are addressed in the subsequent chapters. Part II, consisting of chapters 2–5, encompasses four papers focused on a single type of policy instrument: intergovernmental fiscal transfers. Although well documented in public finance literature, intergovernmental fiscal transfers remain a somewhat neglected instrument in environmental policy. Despite being well suited to address the spillover benefits that often accrue with conservation policies, there is scant research literature on ecological fiscal transfers compared to other economic instruments such as environmental taxes or tradable permits. In fact, very few countries make practical use of them to achieve conservation objectives. Thus intergovernmental fiscal transfers are an innovative instrument in conservation policies in particular, so that advances in both theory and applied research may prove especially beneficial here. Part III, consisting of chapters 6–9, combines a number of articles in integrative biodiversity research and applied biodiversity governance, themes that are often neglected in the economic analysis of environmental policy instruments. However, when implementing policy instruments in societal settings, interdisciplinary research bridging the natural and social sciences is as much a prerequisite as policy-relevant research that responds to the needs of decision makers and other stakeholders. Both policy design and policy evaluation yield the best outcomes when they involve ecologists, economists, legal and other social scientists, as this ensures that consideration is given to ecological effectiveness, economic efficiency, administrative feasibility, social acceptance, and perception by stakeholders. Policy-relevant research also responds to current societal developments and prospective changes in legislation which may provide windows of opportunity to propose new instruments. Meanwhile, sound empirical research and case study design are indispensable in making concrete policy recommendations, taking into account existing formal and informal institutions.
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Mumbunan, Sonny. "Ecological Fiscal Transfers in Indonesia." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-69240.

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Environmental positive externalities from public provision, such as the benefits yielded from the public measure of nature conservation, are often not internalized. Potential sub-optimal public service provision can be expected from such a condition, leading to inefficiency, if the benefits at a greater territorial scale are not acknowledged. This holds particularly true for intergovernmental fiscal relations in a decentralizing multi-tiered governmental system. Moreover, in developing countries the fiscal capacities to perform measures of ecological public functions are limited with their fiscal needs for these functions often appearing to outweigh their fiscal capacities. Research at the interface of the economic theory of fiscal federalism, the sustainability concept, and policies related to conservation and the environment is relatively new. Furthermore, in the literature on environmental federalism the emphasis tends to be comparatively less on the benefits of positive environmental externalities. The essential contribution of this study is an extension of this research field that is still in its infancy by applying the specific case of Indonesia as the context, on account of this tropical country‟s ecological significance as well as its recent developments during the fiscal decentralization process. The overall aim of this study is to assess the possibilities of ecological fiscal transfers as a set of instruments in the public sector to internalize environmental externalities. To this end, the study traces the development as well as the current state of intergovernmental fiscal transfers in Indonesia in terms of ecological purposes. On the basis of this knowledge, the study offers new policy perspectives by proposing a number of policy options for ecological fiscal transfers in the context of the functioning fiscal transfer system and institutions between the national and the subnational (province and local) governments as well as among jurisdictions at the same governmental level. The incorporation of an explicit ecological indicator into general-purpose transfers is the first option. The second option is derived from a revenue-sharing arrangement. In this arrangement, two sub-options are proposed: first, shared revenues from taxes are distributed on the basis of the ecological indicator and, second, shared revenues from natural resources are earmarked for environmental purposes. Finally, the third option suggests an extension of existing specific-purpose transfers for the environment. The potential and limitations of the respective options are addressed. Additionally, a short treatment is given to the discourse on the possible mobilization of fiscal resources in the context of tropical deforestation and global climate change. The research concentrates mainly on the first option, namely the incorporation of an ecological indicator into the structure of general-purpose transfer allocation. In order to substantiate an explicit ecological dimension in the transfer, it extends the present area-based approach by introducing a protected area indicator while maintaining the remaining socio-economic indicators in the fiscal need calculation. The parameter values of area-related indicators are adjusted and subject to the properties of the existing formula. The simulation at the provincial level yields the following results. First, more provinces lose rather than gain from the introduced ecological fiscal transfer when compared to the fiscal transfer that they received in the reference fiscal year. Second, on average the winning provinces obtain a higher level of transfer from the introduction of an ecological indicator in the fiscal need calculation. The extent of the average decreases for the losing provinces, however, it is lower compared to the extent of the average gain by their winning counterparts. In terms of spatial configurations of the general-purpose transfer with an ecological indicator, provinces in Papua would benefit most from the new fiscal regime whereas provinces in Java and Sulawesi, with a few exceptions, would suffer a transfer reduction. Kalimantan and Sumatera show a mixed pattern of winning and losing provinces. The analysis on the equalization effects of the general-purpose transfers makes the following important contributions. It suggests that, first, the transfers are equalizing and, second, the introduction of the protected area indicator into the structure of these transfers plays a significant role in the equalizing effect, particularly in the presence of provinces with a very high fiscal capacity and when the area variable is also controlled. All of these new insights are imperative in the design of fiscal policy which intends to integrate explicit ecological aspects into the instruments of intergovernmental fiscal transfers. Since a formula-based fiscal transfer distribution is intrinsically zero-sum, the aforementioned configuration of winning and losing jurisdictions is conceivable. Among other future perspectives, it is the task of further research to explore ecological fiscal transfer instruments and associated measures that on the one hand seek to induce the losing provinces to join their winning counterparts and, on the other hand, are still subject to the requirements of the rational fiscal transfer mechanism.
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Pandit, Ram. "The impacts of human spatial concentration, economic freedom, and corruption on species imperlment." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/07M%20Dissertations/PANDIT_RAM_23.pdf.

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Cranston, Kayla A. Cranston. "Building & Measuring Psychological Capacity for Biodiversity Conservation." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1472034188.

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Payet, Karine. "The effect of spatial scale on the use of biodiversity surrogates and socio-economic criteria in systematic conservation assessments." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/944.

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Crook, Carolyn. "Biodiversity prospecting agreements evaluating their economic and conservation benefits in Costa Rica and Peru /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58978.pdf.

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Maclean, Ilya. "An ecological and socio-economic analysis of biodiversity conservation of East African wetlands." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427088.

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East African papyrus Cyperus papyrus swamps have undergone wide-scale drainage and are used intensively by resources harvesters. They also support a unique biota, notably six inadequately protected bird species. In this thesis, the results of a study examining the socio-economic benefits of and avian responses to wetland drainage and resource use are presented. The species richness of bird communities in heavily disturbed papyrus stands was higher than in nearby stands that were not disturbed, but contained fewer species and individuals of specialised species. However, even the six most specialised species were tolerant of low-intensity disturbance. Using a time-series of Landsat ETM images covering southern Uganda and adjoining countries wetlands were mapped and regional variations in drainage quantified. Using land coverage and occurrence data, the abundance and decline of bird species in c. 30,000 Eas1 African wetlands was predicted. The species studied were found to have declined substantially more than predicted by ecological theory because population densitie~ were higher in regions in which most drainage has occurred. Although averag( drainage was only c. 9% over 15 years, drainage in regions in which bird densit) was highest exceeded 75% over this period. The socio-economic value of crops grown in reclaimed swamps and goods derive( from swamps were determined by interviewing rural householders. Result: indicated that although drainage always served to reduce the net present valU! (NPV) of goods derived from swamps, NPV was maximised when 25-30% of th swamp was used for harvesting. Drainage and harvesting exceeded these levels, il part because property rights structures have shifted from common ownership tl open-access and in part because income equality is low and poorer people are mor inclined to use and drain swamps. The results of this study suggested that ther were similarities between swamp use that maximises socio-economic benefits an management that favours specialist bird species. This would imply th, conservation action designed to protect papyrus avian communities could also be ( benefit to rural inhabitants using swamp resources. However mutual benefits t birds and people are dependent upon reducing poverty.
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Mills, Julianne H. "Economic Prosperity, Strong Sustainability, and Global Biodiversity Conservation: Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243432252.

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Silva, Ana Carina Vieira da. "Integrating public preferences in biodiversity conservation decision-making: a choice-modelling approach." Doctoral thesis, ISA-UL, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14959.

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Doutoramento em Alterações Climáticas e Políticas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, especialidade em Ciências do Ambiente - Universidade de Lisboa: Faculdade de Ciências, Faculdade de Letras, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Instituto Superior Técnico / Universidade Nova de Lisboa: Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
The need to reverse current trends of biodiversity loss is acknowledged by a wide range of international scientific and political initiatives. Along with the scientific and political agenda, the protection of biodiversity has become an important issue in public opinion too. Nevertheless, general public concerns are not typically considered by decision-makers and conservation planning continues to emphasize only ecological concerns ignoring social considerations. But since public involvement is essential for the success of conservation initiatives we must start thinking on how to capture public concerns and preferences so that they can be posteriorly integrated in conservation decision-making. This was the starting point for the present dissertation. This dissertation proposes an economic valuation approach to capture public preferences regarding biodiversity conservation and to translate them into monetary values, so they can be later incorporated in decision-making to ensure a truly societal management. Using choice experiments method allows for a valuation approach focused on biodiversity roles biodiversity plays for human well-being (benefits) rather than on components, which should simplify the cognitive process of preference formation and translation into monetary values. Considering this main aim, four main research questions arose: 1) Is the public aware of biodiversity roles/benefits? 2) Can we translate public preferences for biodiversity roles into monetary terms through economic valuation? 3) Are public preferences affected by the excludability degree of biodiversity roles? and 4) Are public preferences for biodiversity roles influenced by environmental education and a close contact with some of its components? Research results show that the general public share interesting social representations of biodiversity and seems to choose conservation priorities rationally. Additionally, choice modelling seems to be an appropriate approach to capture and translate public preferences into monetary terms allowing for biodiversity decomposing in different roles (or benefits) perceived by the public
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Caldwell, Colby G. "Chemical investigations of South American plants: Applications to drug discovery, biodiversity conservation and economic development." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279829.

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This dissertation describes chemical investigations involving 11 Argentinean plant species and a sample of Chilean propolis. In total, 18 known and four novel compounds were isolated and identified. The compounds were tested in various antimicrobial assays. Three novel triterpenes, 3,4- seco-olean-12-en-3,28-dioic acid (4), 3alpha,-hydroxyolean-11-en-28,13 beta-olide (5), and 3alpha-hydroxyolean-11:13(18)-dien-28-oic acid ( 6) were isolated from the aerial parts of the Argentinean shrub, Junellia tridens (Lag.) Mold. (Verbenaceae). Another five compounds, oleanolic acid (1), oleanonic acid (2) and epioleanolic acid (3), all biosynthetically related to the three new oleananes, as well as epibetulinic acid (7) and sitosterol (8), were also isolated. LC-MS data are provided on the occurrence of these triterpenes in six other species of Junellia. We report the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of compounds 1--8 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and conclude that they are responsible for the antitubercular activity originally observed in the crude plant extract. Four other plants showing preliminary antitubercular activity were also investigated. The EtOAc extracts of Acantholippia seriphioides and Adesmia ameghinoi contained oleanolic acid (1) as their main constituent. The organic soluble portions of Chiliotrichium diffusum and Lathyrus magellanicus contained large amounts of ursolic acid (12) and sitosterol (8), respectively. Bioassay of the predominant compounds in these plants indicated that triterpenes were responsible for the antitubercular activity observed in the crude extracts. Fractionation of propolis (a product of honey beehives) from Colliguay in Central Chile led to the isolation, identification and bioassay of a novel gamma-lactone (14), five flavonoids (15--19), two diarylheptanoids (20--21), and a prenylated coumarin (22). All structures were elucidated primarily by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. Based on the traditional use of propolis as an antimicrobial agent, the bioactivity of the purified compounds was determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, and Candida albicans . Microscopic analysis of pollen present in the propolis provided clues to its botanical origins.
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Books on the topic "Economic Instrument for Biodiversity Conservation"

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Economic value of biodiversity. Washington, DC: Island Pr., 1994.

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Pearce, David W. The economic value of biodiversity. London: Earthscan, 1994.

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Clark, Dana. What price biodiversity?: Economic incentives and biodiversity conservation in the United States. Washington, D.C: Center for International Environmental Law, 1995.

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Mosquin, Theodore. Canada's biodiversity: The variety of life, its status, economic benefits, conservation costs and unmet needs. Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Nature, 1995.

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Kothari, Ashish. Understanding biodiversity: Life, sustainability, and equity. New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1997.

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Tishkov, A. A. Ėkonomika sokhranenii︠a︡ bioraznoobrazii︠a︡: Spravochnik. Moskva: In-t ėkonomiki prirodopolʹzovanii︠a︡, 2002.

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Baruffol, Ueli. Contractual regulation of access to information on biodiversity for scientific and commercial use: The Novartis-UZACHI Biolead Project. Zürich: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 2003.

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Mosquin, Ted. Canada country study on biodiversity: Taxonomic and ecological census economic benefits, conservation costs and unmet needs ; prepared under the guidelines of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP, 1991) for delegations to the International Convention on Biodiversity, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 1992. Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Biodiversity, Canadian Museum of Nature, 1992.

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Paulo A. L. D. Nunes. The ecological economics of biodiversity: Methods and applications. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2003.

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United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. Sustainable Development and Human Settlements Division, ed. Status and potential of commercial bioprospecting activities in Latin America and the Caribbean. Santiago, Chile: United Nations/CEPAL, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economic Instrument for Biodiversity Conservation"

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Perrings, C. A., K. G. Mäler, C. Folke, C. S. Holling, and B. O. Jansson. "Biodiversity Conservation and Economic Development: The Policy Problem." In Biodiversity Conservation, 3–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0277-3_1.

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Pearce, D. W., and C. A. Perrings. "Biodiversity Conservation and Economic Development: Local and Global Dimensions." In Biodiversity Conservation, 23–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0277-3_2.

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Panayotou, Theodore. "Conservation of Biodiversity and Economic Development: The Concept of Transferable Development Rights." In Biodiversity Conservation, 301–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0277-3_16.

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Ahmed, Eitimad Hshim Abdel-Rahman, and Abdelrahman Eltahir Ahmed Musa. "Biodiversity: Concepts, Benefits, and Values for Economic and Sustainable Development." In Biodiversity and Conservation, 1–26. Series statement: Current advances in biodiversity, conservation, and environmental sciences: Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429425790-1.

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Perrings, C. A., K. G. Mäler, C. Folke, C. S. Holling, and B. O. Jansson. "Biodiversity and Economic Development: The Policy Problem." In Biodiversity Conservation: Problems and Policies, 3–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1006-8_1.

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Hanna, S. "The economic dimension." In Governance of Marine Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation, 68–81. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118392607.ch5.

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Pearce, D. W., and C. A. Perrings. "Biodiversity Conservation and Economic Development: Local and Global Dimensions." In Biodiversity Conservation: Problems and Policies, 22–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1006-8_2.

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Panayotou, Theodore. "Conservation of Biodiversity and Economic Development: The Concept of Transferable Development Rights." In Biodiversity Conservation: Problems and Policies, 288–305. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1006-8_16.

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Keong, Choy Yee. "Economic Growth, Sustainable Development and Ecological Conservation in the Asian Developing Countries: The Way Forward." In Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation, 239–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26161-4_16.

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Vergano, Lucia, and Paulo A. L. D. Nunes. "Analysis and evaluation of ecosystem resilience: an economic perspective with an application to the Venice lagoon." In Biodiversity and Conservation in Europe, 143–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6865-2_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Economic Instrument for Biodiversity Conservation"

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Rosa, Isabel M. D., Henrique Pereira, HyeJin Kim, and Ines S. Martins. "Intermodel comparison of biodiversity and ecosystem services projections for the Shared Socio-Economic Pathways." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/108183.

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Jiang, Yuansheng, Ge He, Ruiping Ran, and Yulin Deng. "Notice of Retraction: Economic analysis and institution assessment of China's agro-biodiversity conservation." In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5882121.

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Schigel, Dmitry, Pekka Oivanen, Ilya Viner, Jenni Nordén, Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Anders Dahlberg, Panu Somervuo, and Nerea Abrego. "Global and national biodiversity initiatives, socio-economic potential, and scalability of reintroduction of fungi into dead wood." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107183.

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Gashev, Sergey, Luiza Mardonova, Maksim Mitropolskiy, and Natalya Sorokina. "Conservation of Biodiversity of the Transboundary Territories of Russia and Kazakhstan in Western Siberia Under Conditions of Climate Change." In Proceedings of the Ecological-Socio-Economic Systems: Models of Competition and Cooperation (ESES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.021.

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Fening, Ken Okwae. "Wild silk farming as an economic incentive for resource-poor forest adjacent communities to participate in biodiversity conservation in Africa." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.108821.

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Гетманьчик, Іванна, Ольга Рубан, and Наталія Грицишин. "ЕКОЛОГО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ОСНОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЗЕМЛЕКОРИСТУВАННЯ ТЕРИТОРІЙ ПРИРОДНО- ЗАПОВІДНОГО ФОНДУ У СКЛАДІ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ МЕРЕЖІ УКРАЇНИ." In Proceedings of the XXIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25112020/7242.

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Economic and environmental measures related to the formation of nature reserves as key elements of the ecological network of Ukraine are considered. It is shown that in conditions of prevailing private ownership of land, a significant role is played by the forced alienation of land plots promising for conservation, as well as the establishment of environmental restrictions in land use. At the same time, the needs of the economy in land resources should be balanced with the requirements of environmental protection and biodiversity conservation. The additional benefits of creating conservation areas for the local population, which are associated with the creation of healthier living conditions and improving the quality of life, preventing the degradation of natural resources and reducing their pollution, are emphasized. The essence of spatial organization of the conditions of conservation of biological diversity in Ukraine through the formation of land-use areas of nature reserve fund is determined. An approach to improving the ecological and economic bases of the formation of land use areas of nature reserve fund, in particular, in the ecological network in Ukraine is given.
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Toyohara, Tetsuhiko, Nobuyuki Okamoto, Takahiro Kawai, Takayoshi Kodama, and Hiroshi Shibasaki. "Environmental Research for Assessing the Impacts of Mining Seafloor Massive Sulfides in Japan." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49906.

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In Japan, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) commenced a research and development (R&D) project on seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits in Japan’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the 2008 fiscal year. The project defines the plan for the commercialization of SMS within 10 years. Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC) conducted the research under contract to METI. SMS deposits are widely distributed in the sea area surrounding Japan and are expected to become domestic metal resources. Since the SMS fields include hydrothermal ecosystems, which often host dense endemic animal communities, an adequate environmental impact assessment (EIA) and a conservation strategy to protect biodiversity are required for sustainable development. We outline an environmental framework that is intended to contribute to a global standard for assessing the environmental impacts of SMS exploration and mining.
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A. LOPES, José, and Ignacio J. DIAZ-MAROTO. "INPUT OF COMMUNAL FORESTS TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RURAL POPULATION: STUDY CASE OF NORTHERN PORTUGAL AND GALICIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.227.

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Communal forests occupy one million hectares in the Northern of Portugal and Galicia. Since centuries ago, “Baldios” and “Montes Veciñais en Man Común” (MVMC) played an essential function in the economy of their owner communities. This role was lost all through the last century due to the enormous afforestation and the decrease of agriculture. The restitution of democratic regimes returned the communal forests tenure to the communities. Given the extension and high average area, our paper aims to research its potentialities and limitations of contribution to rural development. Two case studies, one in North Portugal and another one in Galicia, allow identifying the individual and collective traditional uses and the achievements made with revenues linked. Both Galician and Portuguese realities exhibit similarities and complementary benefits, and needing social and economic innovation to make a better use of rural resilience. Communal lands and small-scale business projects could maintain the network of local produce markets with attractive aesthetic values as well as biodiversity conservation. The comparison of the different criteria shows economic aspects are the most valorised by the stakeholders. The management decision of collective forests was the alternative mixed by the communities and the Forestry Services as the best one to complete the main objective of sustainable rural development. As a final conclusion of our work, remarking that the communities owning these forests currently seem to have the conditions to successfully manage their properties if the commoners are able to mobilize and adequate organize the communities.
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McNally, Amanda D. "A Tiered Approach for Evaluating the Sustainability of Remediation Activities at Rail Sites." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6163.

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Remediation of environmental sites is of concern across the rail industry. Impacted sites may result from releases of chemicals to the environment along active rail lines or in rail yards; historical activities; or through acquisition of impacted property. Management of these liabilities may require investigation, planning, design, and remediation to reduce risks to human health and the environment and meet regulatory requirements. However, these investigation and remediation activities may generate unintended environmental, community, or economic impacts. To address these impacts, many organizations are focusing on the incorporation of sustainability concepts into the remediation paradigm. Sustainable remediation is defined as the use of sustainable practices during the investigation, construction, redevelopment, and monitoring of remediation sites, with the objective of balancing economic viability, conservation of natural resources and biodiversity, and the enhancement of the quality of life in surrounding communities (Sustainable Remediation Forum [SURF]). Benefits of considering and implementing measures to balance the three pillars of sustainability (i.e., society, economics, and environment) may include lower project implementation costs, reduced cleanup timeframes, and maximizing beneficial while alleviating detrimental impacts to surrounding communities. Sustainable remediation has evolved from discussions of environmental impacts of cleanups (with considerable greenwashing), to quantifying and minimizing the environmental footprint and subsequent long-term global impacts of a remedy, and currently, incorporating strategies to address all three components of sustainability — environmental, social, and economic. As organizations expand their use of more sustainable approaches to site cleanup, it is beneficial to establish consistent objectives and metrics that will guide implementation across a portfolio of sites. Sustainable remediation objectives should be consistent with corporate sustainability goals for environmental performance (e.g., greenhouse gas emissions, resource consumption, or waste generation), economic improvements (i.e., reduction of long term liability), and community engagement. In the last decade, there have been several Executive Orders (13423, 13514, 13693) that provide incrementally advanced protocols for achieving sustainability in government agency and corporate programs. Resources for remediation practitioners are available to assist in developing sustainable approaches, including SURF’s 2009 White Paper and subsequent issue papers, ITRC’s Green and Sustainable Remediation: State of the Science and Practice (GSR-1) and A Practical Framework (GSR-2), and ASTM’s Standard Guide for Greener Cleanups (E2893-16) and Standard Guide for Integrating Sustainable Objectives into Cleanup (E2876-13). These documents discuss frameworks that may be applied to projects of any size and during any phase of the remediation life cycle, and many provide best management practices (BMPs) that may be implemented to improve the environmental, social, or economic aspects of a project. Many of these frameworks encourage a tiered approach that matches the complexity of a sustainability assessment to the cost and scope of the remediation. For small remediation sites, a sustainability program may include the selection, implementation, or tracking of BMPs. A medium sized remediation site may warrant the quantification of environmental impacts (e.g., air emissions, waste generation, etc.) during the evaluation and selection of remedial alternatives. Often, only large and costly remediation sites demand detailed quantitative assessment of environmental impacts (e.g., life cycle assessment), economic modeling, or extensive community or stakeholder outreach. However, if a tiered approach is adopted by an organization, components of each of these assessments can be incorporated into projects where it makes sense to meet the needs of the stakeholders.
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Reports on the topic "Economic Instrument for Biodiversity Conservation"

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Banerjee, Onil, Martin Cicowiez, Žiga Malek, Peter H. Verburg, Renato Vargas, and Sean Goodwin. The Value of Biodiversity in Economic Decision Making: Applying the IEEM ESM Approach to Conservation Strategies in Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002945.

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