Journal articles on the topic 'Economic indicators – Africa'
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Anastasia Chi-Chi, Onuorah, Nzotta Samuel Mbadike, Ozurumba Benedict Anayachukwu, and Chigbu Emmanuel Ezeji. "Impact of Selected Economic Indicators on Foreign Investment Inflow in Nigeria and South Africa: Optimal Indicators Search." International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 1, no. 7 (2015): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.17.1004.
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Search for ways of attracting foreign investment into developing countries raises great interest among researchers and therefore, there is a search for the economic indicators affecting foreign investment appeal in Africa. This study focuses on the impact of economic indicators of Banking Sector Development Model on foreign investment inflows in Nigeria and South Africa. Various data on banking sector; economic indicators of the classified model were sourced from state statistical bulletins as well as World Bank for the year of 1980-2013. The analysis employed several econometric tools: Unit root, Co-integration, VAR estimates of relative and global statistics to measure the impact and significance of economic indicators attracting/repelling foreign investments. Akaike information criteria for best model selection results showed that economic indicators of Banking Sector Development Model in Nigeria attracted more foreign investment than it did in South Africa. The study concluded that the optimal economic indicators attracting foreign investment are domestic credit and inflation rate. Therefore, the study recommended that effort is highly needed by the government to promote sustainable domestic credit facilities to local industries to attract foreign investment and there should be proactive efficient interest rate control to encourage loans and advances in these two countries.
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Nketia, Easmond Baah, and Yusheng Kong. "Deciphering African Financial Development Interaction With Institutional Quality And Economic Growth Nexus." ETIKONOMI 20, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.16177.
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The paper scrutinized the correlation between financial development interaction with institutional quality and economic growth in Africa. The study adopted 30 different interactions. The study used the Augmented mean group estimation technique to estimate the model. Gross domestic savings/GDP and broad money/GDP positively influenced growth with the majority of interactions with institutional quality indicators. Credit to Private Sector/GDP interaction with Voice & Accountability; and Political Stability has a higher impact on growth than any interaction variable. However, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and corruption control are weak in Africa; even if interacted with financial development indicators, it mostly reduces economic growth. This study recommends that governments in Africa strengthen financial development indicators; Bank Deposit/GDP, Gross Domestic Savings/GDP and Credit to private sector/GDP, and institutional quality indicator political stability & absence of violence since their interaction has proven to aid rapid economic growth.JEL Classification: E17, F62, F63How to Cite:Nketia, E. B., & Kong, Y. (2021). Decipheting African Financial Development Interaction with Institutional Quality and Economic Growth Nexus. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 20(1), 23 – 44. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.16177.
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Whiteside, Alan W. "The Economic Impact of AIDS in Africa." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 14, no. 8 (2000): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/501201.
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The experience of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Africa is very different from that in the developed world. In the West, AIDS affects few people, and for those who are infected, it is an increasingly manageable illness. In Africa, huge numbers of people are being infected - mainly young adults through sexual intercourse. This is having a dramatic effect on key demographic indicators. Child mortality in some countries has doubled, while up to 25 years of life expectancy have been lost. The economic impact of AIDS is difficult to establish, but it is certainly leading to increased poverty in African families and communities. Development advances are being reversed, but the impact is incremental rather than catastrophic.
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Fletcher, John, and John Latham. "Databank: Africa." Tourism Economics 2, no. 1 (March 1996): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669600200106.
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Tourism activity and economic performance, particularly in the major tourism generating and receiving countries, are closely linked. The purpose of this section is to provide those indicators which are regarded as being most relevant to international movements and spend. In Volume 1, Number 1, information relating to the global and regional pictures of tourism were presented, together with some specific details regarding tourism activity with respect to the most significant nations. Subsequent issues have concentrated on specific world regions. In this issue, economic indicators relating to tourism in Africa are provided.
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Mdungela, Nomalanga M., Yonas T. Bahta, and Andries J. Jordaan. "Indicators for economic vulnerability to drought in South Africa." Development in Practice 27, no. 8 (October 9, 2017): 1050–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2017.1361384.
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Volkov, Sergey N. "Egypt in the competition for economic leading in Africa." Asia and Africa Today, no. 5 (2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750020172-1.
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The article analyzes the economic potential and development dynamics of Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa in the period from 1970 to 2020 based on GDP indicators in constant prices in 2015 and in PPP, as well as in per capita GDP. As a result, the author concludes that South Africa continues to maintain its position as the economic leader of Africa, although Egypt is developing much more dynamically and has already surpassed the South African Republic in a number of indicators. However, it continues to lead in the monetization of its scientific and technological activities, the volume of FDI and commodity trade with the African countries. Nevertheless, the author believes that in the mid-30s it will be possible to talk about a change in the economic leader in Africa. He attributes the success of Egypt's economic development to the deep modernization of the country in all spheres of public life during the republican rule. Since 2014, President A.F. as-Sisi has also been pursuing a course of carefully elaborated and profound reforms in order to improve public finances and the efficiency of the Egyptian economy, primarily through the development of human capital, and change its position in the system of international economic relations on this basis. However, since initially these changes would have had a very negative impact on the well-being of the vast majority of Egyptians, they were preceded by measures of targeted support for the least well-off segments of the population. The success in the reform of the Egyptian economy allowed it to maintain a high growth rate in the crisis of 2020, while in South Africa and Nigeria there was a deep recession.
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Chi-Chi Ebiringa, Onuorah Anastasia, Oforegbunam Thaddeus, and Okoli Margaret Nnenna. "Causality effect of capital market indicators on foreign investment model in Nigeria and South Africa (1980-2013)." International Journal Of Innovation And Economic Development 1, no. 2 (2015): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.12.2001.
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This study examined causal effects of economic indicators attracting foreign investment inflows in Nigeria and South Africa. The purpose of the study is to investigate the behavioural pattern of economic indicators and determinants of economic indicators of capital market model influencing foreign investment inflows these two countries. The data were sourced from various economic and statistical bulletins of each country. Diagnostic test and Granger causality tests were the main econometric techniques for the analysis. The findings confirmed that for both countries; total value of transaction (TVT) and market capitalisation (MCAP) are the main economic indicators of capital market model (CMD) attracting foreign investment (FI). The study concluded that the identified economic indicators of CMD influenced FI in a short-run equilibrium relationship except interest rate having long-run equilibrium with foreign investment in South Africa. It is recommended that substantial approach and workable policy formulation and implementation in the stock exchange market to improve quality portfolio is highly needed to attract foreign investors in the global financial market.
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Matveevskii, Sergey. "African Development Bank: Experience in Assessing Inclusive Economic Growth in North Africa." Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN 59, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2022-59-2-35-48.
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The article discusses the African Development Bank (Bank), the features of its activities and the experience of assessing inclusive economic growth (IEG) in the countries of North Africa. The author reveals the structure of the EDI index (developed and tested for the countries of North Africa by the Bank’s specialists), based on the use of generally recognized social and economic indicators. The author concludes that the use of various indicators and weighting factors in the index will allow development banks (DBs) to objectively assess the impact of their activities on the EDI in regions and countries. The EDI index will complement the existing system for evaluating the activities of the BR, and will allow them to use their resources more efficiently, plan and implement projects and programs, considering current goals.
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Rodigina, N., S. Moleva, V. Musikhin, and K. Gladkikh. "South Africa: economic development and trade with Russia." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2010-03.
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The article is devoted to the evaluation of the place of South Africa in the world economy and its role in modern world trade. The study analyzes quantitative indicators, changes in added value indicators by industry, and describes political events in the country that have led to significant economic transformations. In addition, the author analyzes the diplomatic relations between two countries and describes the activities of national enterprises in the foreign market.
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Jinabhai, Champak C., Hoosen M. Coovadia, and Salim S. Abdool-Karim. "Socio-Medical Indicators of Health in South Africa." International Journal of Health Services 16, no. 1 (January 1986): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jtnm-2d1h-8tk8-63dv.
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Socio-medical indicators developed by WHO for monitoring progress towards Health-for-All have been adapted to reveal, clearly and objectively, the devastating impact of state planning based on an outmoded immoral and unscientific philosophy of race superiority in South Africa on the health of the disenfranchised majority within the context of social and economic discrimination; Health policy indicators confirm that the government is committed to three options (Bantustans, A New Constitution, and A Health Services Facilities Plan) all of which are inconsistent with the attainment of Health-for-All; Social and economic indicators reveal gross disparities between African, Coloured, Indian, and White living and working conditions; Provision of health care indicators show the overwhelming dominance of high technology curative medical care consuming about 97 percent of the health budget with only minor shifts towards community-based comprehensive care; and Health status indicators illustrate the close nexus between privilege, dispossession and disease with Whites falling prey to health problems related to affluence and lifestyle, while Africans, Coloureds, and Indians suffer from disease due to poverty. All four categories of the indicator system reveal discrepancies which exist between Black and White, rich and poor, urban and rural. To achieve the social goal of Health-for-All requires a greater measure of political commitment from the state. We conclude that it is debatable whether a system which maintains race discrimination and exploitation can in fact be adapted to provide Health-for-All.
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Onimisi, Timothy. "Globalization and the African Economic Crisis: An Overview." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 1, no. 3 (July 21, 2014): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i3.10477.
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Globalization is a phenomenon that is fast sweeping through the world and of which Africa is not immune to, and it is very instrumental in molding the world from politics to economy, from religion to culture. In understanding the relationship that existing between the African economy and the wider world some economic indicators will be a useful tool in this analysis. The research focuses on how globalization has shaped the African economy, taking into cognizance the impact of the concept on African’s key sectors like Poverty, Trade Relations, and Debt Burden. Haven identified the crisis associated with globalization as it relate to Africa’s economy, the research recommend sustained and profitable engagement of Africa with the developed world and good governance is needed to strengthen the development process in African states if these recommendations are implemented the African economy will be strategically positioned in the complex theater of world economy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i3.10477 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol.1(3) 2014: 113-119
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Iheonu, Chimere Okechukwu. "Governance and Domestic Investment in Africa." European Journal of Government and Economics 8, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2019.8.1.4565.
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The study empirically examined the impact of governance on domestic investment in 16 African countries with a balanced panel data set, between the years 2002 and 2015. The study employed six unbundled governance indicators from the World Bank, World Governance Indicators and constructed three bundled governance indicators using the Principal Component Analysis. The Driscoll and Kraay Fixed Effects model which accounts for serial correlation, groupwise heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence were employed with empirical results revealing that all the indicators of governance positively and significantly influence domestic investment in Africa, except for government effectiveness which happens to be insignificant. Also, Voice/Accountability and the Control of Corruption exert more influence on domestic investment as indicated by their coefficient values. Furthermore, economic growth is also an important factor in explaining domestic investment in Africa. Policy recommendations are discussed.
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Akinboade, Oludele Akinloye, and Emilie Chanceline Kinfack. "Financial development, economic growth and millennium development goals in South Africa." International Journal of Social Economics 42, no. 5 (May 11, 2015): 459–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2013-0006.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically report the findings on the relationship between financial sector development, economic growth and of millennium development goals (MDGs) for poverty reduction, education and health development in South Africa. Design/methodology/approach – The autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing technique was applied to two indicators of financial development, economic growth and four indicators of MDGs. Findings – Economic growth and MDGs jointly cause financial development. Similarly, economic growth and financial sector development jointly cause the attainment of MDGs. The attainment of MDGs such as increased per capita expenditure on food and education as well as economic growth jointly cause financial development. Practical implications – The findings highlight the complexity of the relationship between financial development, economic growth and MDGs. It is essential that the government of South Africa pursue a three track strategy of promoting financial sector development, economic growth and MDGs. The development of one strategy causes and is caused by the development of the other two. Originality/value – Relationships between financial development, economic growth and MDG targets are unsettled in the literature. This paper studies the link between the three variables in South Africa. Hence, the contribution of this study is to enrich the understanding of this important field in the context of an important African country.
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Decker, Stephanie. "Building Up Goodwill: British Business, Development and Economic Nationalism in Ghana and Nigeria, 1945–1977." Enterprise & Society 9, no. 4 (December 2008): 602–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700007540.
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Contemporary sub-Saharan Africa presents a puzzle to many observers, and has generally been perceived as a hostile environment to modern business. It is indeed difficult to make sense of politics and business on the continent without understanding how African colonies turned into independent countries since the late 1950s, and how they evolved into postcolonial states from the 1970s onwards. Imperial business was witness to these fundamental changes in African societies and deeply affected by it. Although some economic indicators in the 1970s were relatively favorable (many commodity prices were high), this was the decade when the severe decline of Africa, both in relative and absolute terms, began.
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Ayelazunoa, Jasper Abembia, and Lord Mawuko-Yevugahb. "Development Failures in Ghana, Development Miracles in Asia: Whither the Africa Rising?" African and Asian Studies 18, no. 1-2 (March 7, 2019): 124–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341418.
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Abstract In the 1960s, the economic development of African countries such as Ghana was on par with Asian countries like South Korea, Singapore, and Malaysia. Fast forward to the 2000s and a totally different picture emerges: Ghana lagged far behind its Asian counterparts in most development indicators, something that exemplifies the broader case of postcolonial African states unpropitious of development. Paradoxically, a new intellectual fad has emerged in the 2000s claiming ‘Africa is rising’, potentially, to replicate the development model of the Asian tigers. This discourse is based mostly on spurts of economic growth of African countries rich in natural resources like oil and gold, a growth driven by a spike in world market prices of these commodities in the second decade of the 21st century. When the world prices of these commodities plummeted precipitously a few years later, countries like Ghana, cited as signal examples of the ‘Africa rising’ mantra, went into deep economic crises. The IMF had to bail them out. Meanwhile, despite the global economic downturn, Ghana’s Asian counterparts managed to muddle through, still far ahead of it in most indicators of development. In contrast to the Africa Rising discourses, this paper draws on the insights of critical international political economy to leverage our understanding of the contrasting development paths African states and their Asian counterparts have taken in the immediate postcolonial period; and more recently, the period following immediately after the global economic downtown. Despite its weaknesses, indeed, despite the refutation of its cruder claims, we argue that dependency theory is still rich with useful analytical insights that can unravel the African development paradox in the 21st century vis-à-vis the development miracle of the Asian tigers.
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Volodina, M. A. "International Economic Strategy of Small African Countries in a Globalizing World." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 5 (December 3, 2018): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-5-22-37.
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The author has developed new criteria for the inclusion of African countries in the group of small countries. It is noted that the criteria for assignment to small countries in the developed world cannot fully meet the criteria applicable to the African continent. On the basis of a comparison of the population of Africa with some countries of Europe, small states of the African continent are singled out. Emphasize the fact that a single criterion for attributing to small countries has not yet been developed. In the author’s opinion, it is incorrect to evaluate African countries using only economic indicators, since economic growth rates do not always coincide with demographic indicators, sociocultural transformations, and ethnic and tribal characteristics in Africa. The main types of foreign economic strategies of small African countries are identified and considered. It is shown that the states of the African continent often use several strategies for the development of their countries. The small countries of the African continent are actively involved in integration processes that fit into the overall concept of African modernization and development. An important role in the processesof modernization in Africa is played by international financial, educational, innovative and technical programs. Often, it is precisely small countries that become a kind of transport hub at the regional level, which contributes to the strengthening of foreign economic relations between the countries of the regions of the African continent, attracts considerable financial, resource, and innovative capital to African countries. The historical and ethno-tribal characteristics of some African states, especially the long and bloody wars, hinder the progressive development of these countries. A vivid example of such tragic events is Rwanda (attributed to the small states by the author of the article), where incessant civil wars have undermined the economic and political stability in the region. In such cases, substantial international assistance will be required with the involvement of Rwanda’s neighboring countries for the implementation of possible major regional programs and investment projects. Since innovative infrastructure projects in African countries are possible only with the involvement of all countries of the region, in this regard, Russia will need new management approaches and interesting projects for the integrated development of the African continent to actively participate in ambitious African projects.
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Umezurike, Samuel Augustine, and Olusola Ogunnubi. "Counting the Cost? A Cautionary Analysis of South Africa's BRICS Membership." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 8, no. 5(J) (October 30, 2016): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v8i5(j).1444.
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BRICS is a grouping of five major developing countries that includes Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, all with the ambition of changing the governance architecture of international political-economy but with claims to speedy industrialization, fast growing economies and relatively strong regional and global influence. South Africa joined BRICS at the invitation of China in 2010 and has shown commitment to the group through friendly relations with other member countries. The country’s extensive economic links with China and the other BRICS states underpinned its strategy of diversifying its external trade especially with regard to looking away from West. This article employs content analysis to reflect on South Africa’s membership of BRICS, focusing specifically on the country’s relations with China. It argues that, while South Africa’s economic indicators do not fit well with the BRICS grouping, China is promoting this relationship in order to counter the West’s neo-imperialism and neo-liberal rhetoric. South Africa’s willingness to accept Chinese superiority in the African market and to act as a junior partner in the global power configuration makes the country the perfect choice for this project.
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Fosu, Augustin Kwasi. "Governance, Politics, and Economic Development: Some African Perspectives." Governance and Politics 1, no. 1 (June 2, 2022): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2782-7062-2022-1-1-29-49.
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The article documents the evolution of governance measures in Africa during post-independence: economic freedom, electoral competitiveness, political rights and civil liberties, executive constraint, and polity2. It examines their implications for economic development, considers political instability (PI) in the form of coups d’état and civil wars on the premise that PI results from poor governance. In addition, the article sheds light on the links between the more recent measures of governance – the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) – and economic development outcomes among African countries. The article concludes by paying special attention to potential governance/institutional instruments that might reflect “good governance”, and highlights the implicit risks faced by African countries in their efforts to sustain the continent’s recent economic gains within the current political economy framework.
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Mavrokordatos, Pete Mavrokordatos, Stan Stascinsky, and Andrew Michael. "South Africas Macroeconomic Performance Before And After The Apartheid." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 11, no. 2 (January 23, 2012): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i2.6772.
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South Africa and its political and economic conditions have been a topic of discussion for years. This paper presents data on South Africas macroeconomic indicators since 1970. Although in certain aspects South Africas economy has improved since the official end to apartheid, there is still much room for improvement with respect to employment, poverty, health conditions, international trade and price stability.
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Farid, Sally M. "The Role of Technology to Achieve Sustainable Economic Development in Africa." GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 4, no. 2 (April 12, 2016): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2016.4.2(5).
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Objective - The purpose of this paper is to study how the technological innovation can achieve and promote sustainable development particularly in Africa. It considers forms of innovation technology that could enhance sustainable development. Methodology/Technique - The data used in this paper includes 54 African countries and the study period is from 2000 to 2014, using data on IT that measures the stock of telecommunications infrastructure as telecommunications investment. The GDP series represents annual real GDP in the prices of 2000. Annual series for IT and GDP were collected from the World Development Indicators of the World Bank database in 2015. Findings - The paper presents the concept and strategies of Sustainable Economic Development, discusses existing technologies in sustainable development, shows the role of technology in sustainable development, and presents the information and communication technology to promote economic development in Africa and the obstacles to set up policies for innovation technology in Africa. Novelty - The results have major implications. Firstly, the access to telecommunications services contributes towards economic growth. Secondly, an appropriate regulatory environment is necessary to realize the potential growth in telecommunications demand generated by increased income. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Technology; Sustainable Economic Development; ICT in Africa.
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Sharma, Anand. "Does economic freedom improve health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa?" International Journal of Social Economics 47, no. 12 (October 20, 2020): 1633–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2020-0008.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of economic freedom on four key health indicators (namely, life expectancy, infant mortality rate, under-five mortality rate and neonatal mortality rate) by using a panel dataset of 34 sub-Saharan African countries from 2005 to 2016.Design/methodology/approachThe study obtains data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank and the Fraser Institute. It uses fixed effects regression to estimate the effect of economic freedom on health outcomes and attempts to resolve the endogeneity problems by using two-stage least squares regression (2SLS).FindingsThe results indicate a favourable impact of economic freedom on health outcomes. That is, higher levels of economic freedom reduce mortality rates and increase life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa. All areas of economic freedom, except government size, have a significant and positive effect on health outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThis study analyses the effect of economic freedom on health at a broad level. Country-specific studies at a disaggregated level may provide additional information about the impact of economic freedom on health outcomes. Also, this study does not control for some important variables such as education, income inequality and foreign aid due to data constraints.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that sub-Saharan African countries should focus on enhancing the quality of economic institutions to improve their health outcomes. This may include policy reforms that support a robust legal system, protect property rights, promote free trade and stabilise the macroeconomic environment. In addition, policies that raise urbanisation, increase immunisation and lower the incidence of HIV are likely to produce a substantial improvement in health outcomes.Originality/valueExtant economic freedom-health literature does not focus on endogeneity problems. This study uses instrumental variables regression to deal with endogeneity. Also, this is one of the first attempts to empirically investigate the relationship between economic freedom and health in the case of sub-Saharan Africa.
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Mac-Ikemenjima, Dabesaki. "YOUTH WELLBEING IN SOUTH AFRICA: WHAT DIMENSIONS SHOULD WE MEASURE?" Commonwealth Youth and Development 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1154.
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There is growing interest in the development of measures and indexes of youth wellbeing. However, there has been a limited discussion on indicators to measure and select them. This paper reports on the results of a qualitative study on the selection of indicators to measure the wellbeing of young people in South Africa, and reflects on the relevance of the content of their values in choosing indicators for measuring their wellbeing. The data used in this analysis is based on telephone (9) and email (6) interviews conducted with 15 young people (male=5, female=10) aged 22 to 32 from five South African cities during July 2010. In the interviews, participants were asked to identify five issues they considered important to their lives, after which they were asked to rank them in order of importance. The issues indicated by the participants are described and discussed in six dimensions: economic, relationships, spiritual and health, education, time use and material. The indicators developed from this study are discussed in terms of their relevance for use in a measure of youth wellbeing in South Africa.
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Koomson-Abekah, Isaac, and Eugene Chinweokwu Nwaba. "Africa-China investment and growth link." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 11, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 132–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-11-2017-0034.
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PurposeThis paper aims to investigate China–Africa Investment link, using over two decades of FDI’s data. During the specified periods, African economic growth path has been predominantly upward trending, despite multiple external threats. This impressive growth was partly because of the growth of FDI stock across the region. This study explores the various sources of FDI to Africa, mainly China’s FDI’s and how they influence African macroeconomic indicators, i.e. unemployment, export and import activities.Design/methodology/approachPesaran autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) is used as a framework to test the short-run and long-run relationship of indicators. Granger causality test checked the causality between growth and macroeconomic indicators.FindingsThe link between China’s FDI and African economic growth reported a negative/declining effect in both short and long run. In the long run, the effect of world FDI on growth was significant but not the in the short run. However, US FDI to Africa, China Export and Import from Africa reported an insignificant effect on growth. There was no evidence of Okun’s law, as a decrease in Africa unemployment does not increase growth. Overall, China’s FDI’s inflows to Africa are allocated to capital-intensive activities which has less labor employability. The Granger causality test reported a uni-directional link between growth and all series, except for human capital which experienced no link at all in all directions. Despite the issue of socio-infrastructure militating against growth in the region, African economy is likely to perform better, if more FDI’s are channeled into labor-intensive activities, because it has a reductive effect on unemployment.Research limitations/implicationsThe research considered point annual FDI data but not accumulated stock and is a macro-based study, i.e. regional economy.Practical implicationsThis paper bridged the literature gap in African investment performance by providing an empirical justification in understanding the inflow of FDI, especially China. This is a useful guard in policy design and implementations in the attraction of the right type of investment, so as to reduce unemployment and promote growth.Originality/valueThe authors confirm that this study has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration in whole or in part by another journal.
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Habanabakize, Thomas, Lerato Mothibi, and Precious Mncayi. "THE NEXUS BETWEEN GOVERNMENT REVENUE AND MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS IN SOUTH AFRICA." Eurasian Journal of Business and Management 9, no. 4 (2021): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejbm.2021.09.04.003.
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Government revenue plays a paramount role in any country’s development and citizen welfare. This is done through government provision of crucial services related to development which include but not limited to finances or subsidies to business entities and citizens through the national wealth distribution. The importance of government revenue is directly correlated with other equally important outcomes. Hence, there exist an interdependence or interaction between macroeconomic variables and government revenue. Therefore, understanding the relationship between government revenue and macroeconomic variables can assist in improving a country’s economy and the development of its people. The core objective of this study was to analyze the effect of some macroeconomic variables on the South African government revenue from 1994 to 2021. Both short-run and long run relationships amongst variables were analyzed using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The long-run and short-run findings indicated that the level of government revenue depends on performance of the analyzed macroeconomic variables namely; balance of payments, economic growth, employment and real effective exchange rate. Employment and economic growth were found to be the major determinants of government revenue. Consequently, the study suggests that the introduction and implementation of policies and strategies that enhance employment opportunities and promote economic growth would be a fundamental way to increase government revenue and improve economic and social well-being.
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Mbade, Sene Abdourahmane. "Fertility in Africa: Dynamics and Challenges of Development." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 13 (April 30, 2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n13p43.
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This research is interested in the links between the fertility of women and the economic and social development of their country. It is part of an African context marked by weak indicators of economic and social development but with high indicators of demographic growth. Methodologically, quantitative data relating to demographic, economic, social and health variables are analyzed using a Principal Component Analysis, evolution curves, and projections to the year 2100. The results show that some African countries, despite their high fertility rates, benefit from social progress related to health and life expectancy even if their economy seems to be negatively affected especially by the high dependency indices of young people. Strong inequalities in fertility rates are also noted between different countries and different geographic regions, making the geography of the African population plural. The various demographic projections made show real opportunities for the continent's economic development in the future.
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Serra, Gerardo. "Development Indicators at the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 1980-1990." Histoire & mesure XXXIII, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/histoiremesure.6942.
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Akinboade, Oludele Akinloye, and Emilie Chanceline Kinfack. "Financial Sector Development Indicators and Economic Growth in Cameroon and South Africa." Social Indicators Research 115, no. 2 (January 11, 2013): 813–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0236-8.
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Broadberry, Stephen, and Leigh Gardner. "ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA AND EUROPE: RECIPROCAL COMPARISONS." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 34, no. 1 (December 16, 2015): 11–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610915000348.
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ABSTRACTRecent advances in historical national accounting have allowed for global comparisons of GDPper capitaacross space and time. Critics have argued that GDPper capitafails to capture adequately the multi-dimensional nature of welfare, and have developed alternative measures such as the human development index. Whilst recognising that these wider indicators provide an appropriate way of assessing levels of welfare, we argue that GDPper capitaremains a more appropriate measure for assessing development potential, focussing on production possibilities and the sustainability of consumption. Twentieth-century Africa and pre-industrial Europe are used to show how such data can guide reciprocal comparisons to provide insights into the process of development on both continents.
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A. H. Elamir, Elsayed. "Determinant indicators for labor market efficiency and higher education and training: evidence from Middle East and North Africa countries." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 206–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(1).2020.18.
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This study aims to explore the determinant indicators for the labor market efficiency and the higher education and training factors that can help in increasing the productivity in labor market and the quality in higher education and training, as well as pays attention to important relative indicators to improve the relationship between them. To achieve these aims the canonical correlation analysis is used as a bidirectional technique that allows studying the mutual relationship between two factors by taking advantage of available reports from 2012 to 2018 published by World Economic Forum (WEF). The results indicate that the extent of staff training, internet access, quality of education, and quality of management schools are the most important indicators in higher education and training and most correlated with labor market efficiency factor. The capacity to attract talent, pay and productivity, cooperation in labor-employer relations, and reliance on professional management are the most important indicators in labor market efficiency and the most correlated with higher education and training factor. The commonality analysis gives interesting results and shows that the explained variance in labor market efficiency and higher education and training depends on common indicators rather than a unique indicator.
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Sindze, Paul, Phouthakannha Nantharath, and Eungoo Kang. "FDI and Economic Growth in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) Countries: An Analysis of Seven Economic Indicators." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n1p1.
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can help create jobs, reduce unemployment, improve world-class technology transfer, and grow countries’ economies. During the past 10 years, FDI net inflows to the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) has highly fluctuated and remained below to the total amount reached in 2010. The focus of this research was to statistically analyze the mean difference for FDI net inflows, GDP per capita, natural resource rents, inflation rate, corruption index, trade openness index, rule of law index, and political stability index received in each CEMACs country. Paired t-test methodology was used to conduct the analysis. Data were collected from the World Bank Group database from 2007 to 2017. This research revealed that FDI net inflows decreased by an average of two billion dollars in CEMAC when conducting a mean-to-mean analysis from the recession period to the recovery period. The findings showed that FDI net inflows inversely affected the GDP per capita in Congo and Gabon. FDI net inflows may have contributed to the improvement of the GDP per capita in countries such as Cameroon, Chad, Central Africa Republic, and Equatorial Guinea. Researcher recommendation for continued study is a qualitative research using the same variables through the same periods in addition to year 2018. Improvement of economic policies, regulations and laws, as well as the digitalization of public funds management are also recommended to boost economic development and growth in the CEMAC region.
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Alrwis, Khalid Nahar, Abdalzziz M. Duwais, Sharafeldin bakri Alaagib, and Nageeb Aldawdahi. "Economic analysis of indicators of the competitiveness of Saudi date exports." Independent Journal of Management & Production 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v13i2.1607.
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This study analysed the competitiveness indicators of Saudi exports of dates using econometric analysis and competitiveness indicators. The Republic of Yemen was found to rank first in importing Saudi dates, followed by the United Arab Emirates, then by Turkey, Kuwait, Jordan, Somalia, Lebanon and Qatar. A clear discrepancy existed in the average export prices of Saudi dates between the various importing countries, where the average export price ranged between a minimum of $559.9/tonne; Syria had an upper limit of $4,368.2/tonne for South Africa. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia enjoyed a competitive advantage in exporting dates to South Africa, followed by the Emirates, Pakistan, Jordan, Djibouti, Turkey and Syria. The geographical concentration coefficient for each of the quantity and value of Saudi exports of dates was approximately 0.40 and 0.37 for each during 1990–2018. A 10% change in the competitiveness of Saudi dates, expressed in the rate of the actual performance of the foreign date trade, led to a change in the same direction of the quantity of Saudi exports of dates by 3.8%. The study recommends increasing the competitiveness of dates in international markets and preserving markets where in the Kingdom enjoys a competitive capacity for its agricultural exports.
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Akinlo, Taiwo, and Olusola Joel Oyeleke. "Human Capital Formation and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries: An Empirical Investigation." Indian Economic Journal 68, no. 2 (June 2020): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220972848.
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This study explored human capital–economic growth nexus and determine if the relationship is influenced by the level of economic development in 36 sub-Saharan African countries during the period from 1986–2018. The study used dynamic generalised method of moments (GMM) and static estimations to achieve the objective of the study. The study used alternative indicators of human capital to provide strong evidence and robust results. The study also considered the income groups within the region. The study found that human capital contributed to economic growth, as its indicators are positive and significant. The study also found that the connection that exists between human capital and economic growth also depends on the level of economic development. Generally, our finding emphasised that both education and health measures of human capital are important, and that policymakers must consider the level of economic development while formulating policies that can enhance the impact of human capital on economic growth in the Sub-Saharan Africa region.
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Kleynhans, Ewert, and Clive Coetzee. "Regional Business Confidence as Early Indicator of Regional Economic Growth." Managing Global Transitions 19, no. 1 (March 2021): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26493/1854-6935.19.27-48.
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Official sub-national GDP figures in South Africa are usually published with long delays or not at all, i.e. relevant, reliable, and real-time economic data on a provincial and local (municipal) level are often non-existent, causing a significant data asymmetry at the sub-national level. The search for an ‘optimal’ sub-national proxy for regional economic growth focuses on the possible use of regional business confidence. This article, therefore, investigates the use of regional business confidence indices (RBCI) as an early indicator or proxy of the regional economic growth rate (RGDP). To this end, the study employed panel cointegration methodology and techniques to interrogate the possible association between regional business confidence and regional economic growth, focusing on three specific regions of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The results suggest that the utilisation of regional business confidence indicators indeed has merit. Constraints experienced in the study indicate the direction that further studies may follow, especially concerning the scope of the period and cross-sections. The research, therefore, addresses a fundamental gap in the data asymmetry in South Africa, while also setting a benchmark for other researchers to follow.
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Wang, Xiaoliang, Danlin Yu, and Chunhua Yuan. "Complementary Development between China and Sub-Sahara Africa: Examining China’s Mining Investment Strategies in Africa." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 22, 2021): 11678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111678.
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China’s recent national and international regional development strategies emphasize both the deepening of the domestic market and the exploration of new markets and resource suppliers to support China’s industrialization. The cooperation with, and investment in, Africa has become an integrated part of China’s international regional development strategy. Investment in Africa is often the result of a decision process that requires balance among local complex political, economic, social, and geological conditions. Proper decision support analysis is the key for success or failure of complementary development. Based on location theories, the current study analyzes China’s mining investment in Africa and derives a set of indicators to form the basis for evaluating China’s investment strategies in the mining industries in Africa. A multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach, the VIKOR method, is applied to evaluate six African countries based on this set of indicators. Results suggest that while resource abundance and value are important factors for mining investment decisions, political stability and local legal system restrictions are weightier in the decision-making process. China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in mining industries in Africa is more inclined to countries with stable political environment, resource endowment and greater value advantage so that both parties can maximize the benefits from such investment.
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Asongu, Simplice, and Nicholas Odhiambo. "Inequality and the economic participation of women in sub-Saharan Africa." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 11, no. 2 (June 21, 2019): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-01-2019-0016.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of inequality on female employment in 42 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 2004–2014. Design/methodology/approach Three inequality indicators are used, namely, the: Gini coefficient, Atkinson index and Palma ratio. Two indicators of gender inclusion are also employed, namely: female employment and female unemployment rates. The empirical analysis is based on the generalised method of moments. Findings The following main findings are established. First, inequality increases female unemployment in regressions based on the Palma ratio. Second, from the robustness checks, inequality reduces female employment within the frameworks of the Gini coefficient and Palma ratio. Originality/value Studies on the relevance of income inequality on female economic participation in SSA are sparse.
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Wycliffe, Muli, Mulwa Jonathan, Goko Tabby, Ngunjiri Ruth, and Samson Kitheka. "Financial Deepening And Economic Competitiveness In Kenya: The Strides To Being An Economic Power House." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 2 (October 15, 2013): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v6i2.737.
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Economists have long held the view that financial deepening and economic development are closely intertwined. Kenyas development blue print, Vision 2030, is anchored on this belief and aims to create a vibrant, globally competitive financial sector, envisioning Kenya as a leading financial centre in Eastern and Southern Africa. Using descriptive survey design, this study investigated the state of financial deepening in Kenya and how this enhances the countrys economic competitiveness. Data was collected from a key informant in the four largest banks by asset base that have subsidiaries/branches in other East African countries using a structured questionnaire. It focused on Mobile banking, Agency banking and credit referencing as indicators of financial deepening and established that Kenya has made remarkable strides in financial deepening, which has enhanced the countrys competitiveness through wider access of financial services, reduced operation and transaction costs, product diversification, superior customer experience and reduced loan default rates.
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Ledeneva, Marina Viktorovna, and Tatyana Alekseevna Plaksunova. "Economic growth and prospects for economic development of African countries southward Sahara." Теоретическая и прикладная экономика, no. 2 (February 2020): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8647.2020.2.32732.
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This article is dedicated to analysis of the process of economic growth and development in African countries southward Sahara – the least industrializes region of the world. The main prerequisites for industrialization and economic growth in of African countries southward Sahara are the high urbanization ratios: the growing number of workforce, their qualification level, high portion of youth within the population structure, expanding domestic market, growing middle class, de-escalation of internal political confrontations and attenuation of cross-country armed conflicts, advancement of digital technologies. The information and empirical basis is comprised of the data of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the World Bank. The scientific novelty consists in determination of the points of growth in Africa southwards Sahara by means of application of the methods of statistical data analysis. The authors analyze the indicators of economic growth and industrialization of African countries southward Sahara, substantiate the increasing role of this region for the global economy. The article reveals spatial aspects of industrialization of African countries and allocation of the industrial production. The authorities of African countries must manage the industrialization processes, namely focus on the development of infrastructure, improvement of investment climate, transparency of legislation, reduction of administrative expenses for businesses, reduction of corruption, and prevention of armed conflicts. The regional integration would contribute to solution of the aforementioned issues. The key vectors in cooperation of African countries southward Sahara and Russia are the areas of oil extraction, energy sphere, information and communication technologies, and agriculture.
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Goldsmith, Arthur A. "Foreign Aid and Statehood in Africa." International Organization 55, no. 1 (2001): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081801551432.
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Has foreign aid destroyed state institutions in Africa? African states depend on development assistance to conduct basic government operations, yet few of these states are well governed or effective at providing public goods. The two trends, mounting foreign aid and static or diminishing state performance, raise an obvious question: Is aid dependency contributing to misrule and state failure in Africa? Many critics argue the two phenomena are related. I find they are not. My analysis fails to show a negative association between aid receipts and two measures of democracy and economic freedom. Instead, the evidence is consistent with a small, positive relationship between aid and these indicators of state performance. Since the international community seems bent on reducing foreign aid, an important issue is how African states can maintain and improve their performance with less foreign assistance.
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PORTUGAL-PEREZ, ALBERTO, and JOHN S. WILSON. "Why trade facilitation matters to Africa." World Trade Review 8, no. 3 (July 2009): 379–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474560900439x.
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AbstractMitigating the impact of the economic crisis will require using all the tools necessary to regain a sustainable path to growth. This includes measures to support trade expansion, including in developing countries, such as those in Africa. This paper provides context for understanding why trade facilitation and lowering trade costs matter to Africa both today and over the long term. Trade costs are higher in Africa than in other regions. Using gravity-model estimates, the authors compute ad-valorem equivalents of improvements in trade indicators for a sample of African countries. The evidence suggests that the gains for African exporters from cutting trade costs half-way to the level of Mauritius has a greater effect on trade flows than a substantial cut in tariff barriers. As an example, improving logistics so that Ethiopia cuts its costs of trading a standardized container of goods half-way to the level in Mauritius would be roughly equivalent to a 7.6% cut in tariffs faced by Ethiopian exporters across all importers.
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Windapo, Abimbola. "Building cost database for South Africa – key data trends and implications." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 9 (November 1, 2022): 092030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/9/092030.
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Abstract The accuracy of any projections depends on the comprehensiveness of the report and the ability to gather appropriate data for the study. Inaccurate portrayals of any study will misguide the investor and result in project failure and loss of resources. Due to the current depressed state of the South African Economy, the construction industry’s value fell sharply and there was significant job loss. To help economic recovery, the South African government announced a ten-year infrastructure investment plan in housing among other sectors. The considerable deficit in infrastructure and housing in South Africa means that changes in building costs are important because of the implications of changes to affordability. This paper examines the trends in building costs in South Africa over five years and reconciles these indicators with other key socio-economic factors. The study analysed the indicators of Building Cost in the Medium-Term Forecasting Associates (MFA), Department Trade and Industry (DTi), and StatsSA database using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings suggest a positive correlation between population growth, unemployment, poverty, and the growth in building costs. While it can be inferred that inflation and corruption have a negative impact on growth in building cost. The study recommends that investors should plan ahead and make projections on population, unemployment, and poverty to avoid project failure and loss of resources due to increased building costs.
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Aglago, Elom K., Edwige Landais, Francis Zotor, Genevieve Nicolas, Marc J. Gunter, Paul Amuna, and Nadia Slimani. "Optimising design and cost-effective implementation of future pan-African dietary studies: a review of existing economic integration and nutritional indicators for scenario-based profiling and clustering of countries." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 77, no. 1 (December 15, 2017): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665117004141.
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Most of the African countries are undergoing a complex nutrition and epidemiologic transition associated with a rapid increase in the prevalence of diverse non-communicable diseases. Despite this alarming situation, the still limited and fragmented resources available in Africa impede the implementation of effective action plans to tackle the current and projected diet–disease burden. In order to address these common needs and challenges, the African Union is increasingly supporting continental approaches and strategies as reflected in the launching of the Agenda 2063 and the African regional nutrition strategy 2015–2025, among others. To assure the successful implementation of pan-African nutritional and health initiatives, cost-effective approaches considering similarities/disparities in economy, regional integration, development and nutritional aspects between countries are needed. In the absence of pre-existing models, we reviewed regional economic integration and nutritional indicators (n 13) available in international organisations databases or governmental agencies websites, for fifty-two African countries. These indicators were used to map the countries according to common languages (e.g. Arabic, English, French, Portuguese), development status (e.g. human development index), malnutrition status (e.g. obesity) and diet (e.g. staples predominantly based on either cereals or tubers). The review of the indicators showed that there exist similarities between African countries that can be exploited to benefit the continent with cross-national experiences in order to avoid duplication of efforts in the implementation of future pan-African health studies. In addition, including present and future nutrition surveillance programmes in Africa into national statistical systems might be cost-effective and sustainable in the longer term.
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Kinyondo, Abel, Riccardo Pelizzo, and Mwoya Byaro. "“DELIVER AFRICA FROM DEBTS”: Good Governance Alone is not Enough to Save the Continent From Debt Onslaught." World Affairs 184, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 318–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00438200211025519.
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The present article analyzes the debt–economic growth nexus in African countries while controlling for the impact of good governance indicators. In contrast to a long tradition of scholarship that has consistently suggested that government debt has a detrimental impact on economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa, recent studies have actually shown that government debt, when coupled with improvements in the quality of government, is actually a driver of economic growth. By analyzing an original dataset that covers the 2002–15 period and additional debt–economic growth data going up to the year 2020, we are able to suggest three conclusions. First, in the absence of debt, good governance matters in improving economic growth. Second, some dimensions of governance are better predictors of economic performance than others—as the “good enough governance” literature has in recent years suggested. Third, under no circumstances is debt government growth beneficial for the economic performance of African countries. Building on this evidence, we suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic—which has already slowed down African economies and increased their debt exposure—may prevent African countries from making greater progress along the developmental path.
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Aregbeshola, Rafiu Adewale. "The role of local financial market on economic growth." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 7, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-06-2014-0048.
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Purpose – Capital market development has been identified as one of the critical underpinnings of economic growth, in the developed but more essentially in the developing economies. Evidence abounds on the virtues of adequately spanned capital markets to provide requisite capital needed to fund investment activities as well as infrastructural developments. Although, foreign capital may be sourced to supplement inadequate local capital base, the associated costs (both logistics and supervisory) are generally daring to consider as convenient alternatives. Various studies have examined the role of local financial market development on economic growth, but none have strictly generated a combined focus on the three major African groupings – the Southern, the Western and the Northern African regions. In addition, there is no documented study that has compared the economic performance of each of these three major economic groupings in Africa. The purpose of this paper is to fill these voids. Design/methodology/approach – Various econometric techniques that include descriptive statistics, unit root tests, dynamic panel estimations and Granger causality tests. Findings – Using data generated from the African development indicators between 1980 and 2012 in contemporary econometric estimations, this study finds that local financial markets play crucial roles in economic development of each of these groupings, albeit in varying magnitude. The study also observes that local financial market plays very little role in the overall economic development of the three groupings when interacted. Research limitations/implications – A limited dataset, which reduces the time span as well as the number of countries covered in the study. A wider coverage may have altered the result generated, especially for the pooled estimation. Practical implications – That African countries should develop local financial markets in order to improve their level of economic growth. Social implications – Low rate of economic development has created a lot of social stress in Africa. Further, the fact that African leaders have largely not been able to grow their national economies in a meaningful and sustainable manner further unnerves skittish entrepreneurial underdevelopment on the continent, thereby exacerbates incidence and prevalence of poverty, and consequent social uprisings on a number of occasions. Originality/value – This study finds that financial market plays an important role on economic growth, whereas the effects are lower in the Southern African region. More specifically, the effects of financial market development on economic growth are stronger in North and West Africa than in Southern African regions. Given that Southern Africa financial market is more developed than the other two regions, this finding buttresses the fact that financial market development is significantly more important as a growth-driver in less developed financial markets than in developed ones.
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Adebanjo, Seun Adebowale, and Olugbode Morufu Adeoye. "Transparency and Global Initiatives in the Face of Natural Resource Depletion in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Environmental Science and Economics 1, no. 2 (March 22, 2022): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56556/jescae.v1i2.13.
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This research focuses on Natural Resource Depletion in Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as ways to overcome it, with a particular focus on the role of transparency in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The transparency initiative is a global initiative aimed at eradicating corruption, ensuring accountability, and assisting participating countries in developing quality budgets that will ensure a good standard of living for their citizens now and in the future. Hausman test was applied and a fixed panel regression model was specified which reveals that there is a significant relationship between GDP per capita, inflation, the EITI dummy, and the transparency indicator is established using a panel regression model. The results show that the model fits the data well and can be used to forecast future economic growth in SSA countries that participate in the EITI scheme. The fixed-effect model also shows that the Transparency indicators such as voice and accountability, and corruption have a positive significant impact on the economic growth of the 10 SSA countries under consideration, indicating that transparency is a critical factor in determining good economic performance. Meanwhile, diagnostic tests such as normality test was performed, with satisfactory results, indicating that the model is very robust and reliable. Meanwhile, inflation have positive significant impact while natural resources show a negative significant influence on the economic growth of all the 10 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in the EITI scheme which can be attributed to the natural economic depletion. Then, using correlation analysis, it was discovered that there is a strong link between transparency indicators (voice and accountability, corruption as well as quality of budget, and fiscal management) and economic growth. This suggests that the greater the transparency, the more natural resource constraints will be overcome, and SSA countries participating in the EITI scheme will achieve greater economic performance.
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Świerczyńska, Katarzyna. "Structural transformation and economic development in the best performing sub-Saharan African states." Equilibrium 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 547–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.v12i4.29.
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Research background: Economic development in sub-Saharan Africa is of paramount importance, yet it escapes most of the attempts to understand it better in the economic dis-course, and it remains a sensitive issue in politics, contradicting stakeholders at national and international levels. The region still lags behind others in terms of technological advancement and economic development. It has grown significantly in the precedent decade, but the extent of growth has not sufficiently translated to its development. Determining strategies for sub-Saharan Africa is a scientific challenge, which requires more attention. In the globalized, interconnected reality, solving problems of the South is in the best interest of the North.
Purpose of the article: The aim of this research is to analyze structural changes as factors of economic development in the best performing sub-Saharan African countries on the grounds of new structural economics in order to provide policy implications. Methods: Namibia, Botswana, South Africa and Gabon were selected as best performing economies in the region. Based on the literature review and the analysis of descriptive statis-tics, profiles of sample countries were set. This in turn allowed to determine the potential explanatory variables for OLS model of economic development. In the model, factors relating to labour productivity, technology and structural change were included. The data was sourced from WDI (World Development Indicators) database, Gretl software was used for computations.
Findings & Value added: This paper contributes to the literature by attempting to explain structural changes in the process of economic development in the sub-Saharan region on the sample of best performing states. The paradigm of new structural economics provided theo-retical grounds for empirical analysis. Based on the results, policy implications were proposed with respect to technology promotion, natural resources management, and quality of institutions. The research was limited by data availability and reliability.
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Muheme, Bagalwa Basemake Gaspard. "Les Aspects Productifs De L’économie Informelle. Recherche des Indicateurs Pour une Réponse au Développement en Afrique." Afrika Focus 8, no. 1 (February 2, 1992): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-00801002.
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Productive Aspects of the Informal Economy. Research into the Indicators for an Answer to the Development of Africa This article aims at deepening our understanding of the concept informal economy. It is the case that definitions with regard to the reality of this phenomenon vary in function of the author and the countries studied. Indeed, the concept needs to be discussed right across the countries of the West, the East European countries under the old system, i.e. until 1990, and the countries of Africa. With regard to the informal economy in Africa, the characteristics of irrationality and the lack of initiative on the pan of economic agents has often been posited. However, this economic phenomenon is neither exclusive to Africa nor is it confined to the present time. Only a comparative approach will enable one to arrive at some precision with regard to the concepts used in the economic literature. Our primary goal is to place this informal economy within the global perspective of African development. This informal economy sets itself up as a creative attempt, often able to give efficient answers, whether in the field of agriculture or in other forms of activity, to the challenges of badly mismanaged societies. The article rests on a number of key-terms: informal economy; plural activities; integrative economy; petty commodity production and consumption; interdependency of sectors.
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Wanjala, Kevin, and Pamella Gogo. "The Effect of Financial Deepening on Economic Growth in the East African Community." Finance & Economics Review 2, no. 2 (August 26, 2020): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/finance-economics-review.v2i2.121.
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Purpose: The study’s objective is to determine the effect of financial deepening on the economic growth of the East Africa Community bloc. Specifically, it aims to establish the effect of the rate of broad money, credit to the private sector, and the rate of value of the traded stock on economic growth.
Methodology: The study used descriptive research design and employed the fixed effect model in regression analysis. Broad money was used to proxy the rate of money supply, credit to the private sector was used to represent credit financing while the volume of the traded stock was used as a measure for financial market investment.
Results: The findings revealed that all three indicators of financial deepening namely, broad money, credit to the private sector, and volume of traded stock had a positive and significant effect on economic growth in East Africa Community. The coefficient for broad money was 0.4410, the coefficient for credit to the private sector was 0.4022, while the coefficient for the volume of the traded stock was 0.1367. The model had an F statistic of 103.50, confirming its suitability.
Implications: The study recommends that the East Africa Community governments should place more emphasis on the efficiency and of money supply, investment, and distribution by commercial banks. The study also recommends that the governments of East Africa Community countries should continue pursuing policies that promote access to credit such as ensuring that interest rates are low. Additionally, the capital market authorities of the East Africa Community countries should conduct sensitization campaigns to promote high participation in the stock market and other capital market products.
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Burra, Pravin, Pieter Juriaan De Jongh, Helgard Raubenheimer, Gary Van Vuuren, and Henco Wiid. "Implementing the countercyclical capital buffer in South Africa: Practical considerations." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 18, no. 1 (March 4, 2015): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v18i1.956.
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The Basel II regulatory framework significantly increased the resilience of the banking system, but proved ineffective in preventing the 2008/9 financial crisis. The subsequent introduction of Basel III aimed, inter alia, to supplement bank capital using buffers. The countercyclical buffer boosts existing minimum capital requirements when systemic risk surges are detected. Bolstering capital in favourable economic conditions cushions losses in unfavourable conditions, thereby addressing capital requirement procyclicality. This paper contains an overview of the countercyclical capital buffer and a critical discussion of its implementation as proposed in Basel III. Consequences of the buffer's introduction for South African banks are explored, and in particular, potential systemic risk indicator variables are identified that may be used by the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) as early warning indicators of imminent systemic financial distress. These indicators may be of value to the SARB, which could use them in taking decisions on the build-up and release of the countercyclical buffer for South African banks.
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Akanbi, Sa'ad Babatunde, Ridwan Olamilekan Dauda, Hammed Agboola Yusuf, and Abdulganiyu Idris Abdulrahman. "Financial Inclusion and Monetary Policy in West Africa." Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 8, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v8i2.8161.
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The study investigated the impact of financial inclusion on the effectiveness of monetary policy in West Africa for the period 2005 to 2018. The study employed Granger panel non-causality test developed by Dumitrescu and Hurlin to determine the direction of causality between inflation (a proxy for monetary policy) and indicators of financial inclusion. The system GMM was also employed to investigate the impact of each indicator of financial inclusion on monetary policy. The results show that financial inclusion is a major determinant of monetary policy. The study concludes that financial inclusion should be broaden to include large number of economic agents in the rural areas and in informal sector because large volume of financial transactions take place within this sector.
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Gbadamosi, G. "Corruption perception and sustainable development: Sharing Botswana’s anti-graft agency experiences." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 9, no. 2 (July 10, 2014): 262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v9i2.1151.
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Unethical practices and corruption issues have become one of the greatest challenges to Africans and their leaders, threatening to undermine economic growth, democratic stability and sustenance, and general developmental efforts. Against this background, this paper examines corruption perception in Africa using indicators of Transparency International as benchmark. The costs of corruption to the continent’s progress were highlighted. The paper also focuses on Botswana’s efforts to fight corruption through its Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime (DCEC). The factors that have aided the qualified successes of the anti-corruption efforts as well as lessons that may be learnt by other African countries are discussed.