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Almásy, Michael. "Accounting and economics: Influence of accounting methods on economic indicators." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72865.
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The way the economic reality is observed is essential in order to determine decision-making of economic subjects. The picture of economic reality drawn by accounting can be said to be either the true and fair, or biased. If the latter is the case, how much does that bias translate into the quality of economic decision-making? In summary, the paper analyzes whether accounting should provide the fair and true view whether it does, and how it affects the economic behavior when it does not on both micro-economic and macro-economic level. The arguments are built up on a logical structure rather taking a broader multidisciplinary approach to answer the previously stated questions.
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Adaiah, Keren Lilenstein. "Integrating indicators of education quantity and quality in six francophone African countries." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20561.
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Research and policy-making in education have historically focused on quantitative measures of education when assessing the state of education across countries. Recently, large-scale cross-national tests of cognitive skills have emerged as one way of moving beyond mere quantitative indicators of education, and instead allow researchers to incorporate qualitative elements of education, most notably what students know and can do. Notwithstanding the above, research and development initiatives too often assess these complementary aspects separately, which can lead to biased conclusions. To resolve this issue, the research presented here follows the method developed by Spaull and Taylor (2015) and provides composite measures of educational quantity (grade completion) and quality (learning outcomes) for six Francophone African countries. These composite measures are termed access to literacy and access to numeracy for literacy and numeracy rates respectively. This work also explores quantity and quality indicators separately to ascertain whether problems of access to schooling, or problems of quality among those already enrolled, is a more pertinent development issue. Finally, this work also contributes to understanding the extent and nature of inequalities, by looking at gender and socioeconomic status groups separately when considering (1) access, (2) learning outcomes, and (3) a composite measure of access and learning. Results of this work point to an education crisis within these African countries where both non-enrolment and a lack of learning within schools are contributing to dismal educational outcomes, even at the grade 2 level but especially at the grade 5 level. For example, only 18% and 25% of the grade 5 cohort investigated have access to literacy and access to numeracy, respectively, in Togo. Furthermore, inequality within socioeconomic groups is extremely large resulting in near zero estimates of competency levels for the most economically disadvantaged in some countries. Gender discrimination is dwarfed by economic discrimination but mean estimates suggest that while educational opportunities are similar for males and females at a grade 2 level, gender discrimination may already be visible at the grade 5 level.
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Booysen, Frederik Le Roux. "The measurement of economic development : alternative composite indices." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51995.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The success of policies aimed at economic development cannot be monitored and evaluated without development indicators. These indicators are also crucial in comparing levels of development across time and space so as to come a greater understanding of the development process. Yet, economic development does not mean the same thing to everyone. As a result, there exists a variety of indicators of economic development. Five main classes of development indicators are distinguished on the basis of the shift over time in our understanding of economic development (Chapter 1). A distinction is drawn between indicators of national income and economic growth (Chapter 3), employment, unemployment and underemployment (Chapter 4), and poverty and inequality (Chapter 5). Social indicators (Chapter 6) and composite indices (Chapter 7) of economic development represent two futher classes of development indicators. These indicators differ in terms of their content, method and technique, comparative application, simplicity, clarity, focus, availability and flexibility. These main classes of development indicators are evaluated with reference to these dimensions of measurement which are described in detail in Chapter 2. There is no one indicator that can be described as an ideal, all encompassing measure of economic development, at least not in terms of its performance on these dimensions of measurement. Hence, the measurement of development remains imperfect, but nonetheless makes an invaluable contribution to the study of economic development. In fact, development studies will be impossible without access to such a variety of development indicators. Given the importance of development indicators in development studies, two new composite indices of development are presented here to address two specific gaps in indicator research. Indices of Human Security (HSIs) and Inefficiency ratios are developed to determine the extent to which countries have made progress on human security as defined by the UNDP (Chapter 8). Progress is assessed in terms of both effort and outcomes, as well as the extent to which efforts are actually translated into outcomes. Indices of Reconstruction and Development (RDIs) are employed to measure the extent to which the nine provinces of South Africa have made progress on the development objectives described in the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) (Chapter 9). The measurement results suggest that there remain substantial disparities in progress on both human security and reconstruction and development. These new composite indices are also employed to determine those development characteristics associated with progress on human security and reconstruction and development. So, for example, disparities in human security are associated with certain urban and population dynamics, as well as communications capacity and infrastructural development. Progress on reconstruction and development is associated with lower population pressure, higher matric pass rates, less poverty and inequality, and more political representativeness at the provincial level. The RDIs also underscore the extent to which progress on the RDP has not materialised in rural areas. Furthermore, current provincial disparities in progress on reconstruction and development appear still to be indicative of the racial dynamics of development so characteristic of the Apartheid era.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is onmoontlik om sonder ontwikkelingsindikatore die sukses van beleid wat gemik is op ekonomiese ontwikkeling te moniteer of te evalueer. Ontwikkelingsindikatore IS ook onontbeerlik III die vergelyking van ontwikkelingsvlakke oor tyd en ruimte om sodoende 'n beter begrip van die ontwikkelingsproses te verkry. Ekonomiese ontwikkeling het egter nie dieselfde betekenis vir almal nie. Gevolglik bestaan daar 'n verskeidenheid van ontwikkelingsindikatore. Vyf hoofklasse van ontwikkelingsindikatore word onderskei op grond van verskuiwings oor tyd in die interpretasie van ekonomiese ontwikkeling (Hoofstuk 1). 'n Onderskeid word getref tussen maatstawwe van nasionale inkome en ekonomiese groei (Hoofstuk 3), indiensname, werkloosheid en onderindiensname (Hoofstuk 4), en armoede en ongelykheid (Hoofstuk 5). Sosiale indikatore (Hoofstuk 6) en saamgestelde indekse (Hoofstuk 7) van ekonomiese ontwikkeling verteenwoordig twee verdere groepe indikatore. Hierdie indikatore verskil in terme van hul inhoud, metode en tegniek, vergelykende toepassing, eenvoud, duidelikheid, fokus, beskikbaarheid en buigsaamheid. Hierdie hoofklasse van ontwikkelingsindikatore word geëvalueer met verwysing na hierdie dimensies van meting, wat in groter besonderhede in Hoofstuk 2 bespreek word. Daar is nie een indikator wat beskryfkan word as 'n ideale, allesomvattende maatstafvan ekonomiese ontwikkeling nie, ten minste nie in terme van die prestasie daarvan op hierdie dimensies van meting nie. Gevolglik is die meting van ekonomiese ontwikkeling onvolmaak, alhoewel dit 'n onskatbare bydrae lewer tot die studie van ekonomiese ontwikkeling. Om die waarheid te sê, ontwikkelingstudies salonmoontlik wees sonder toegang tot so 'n verskeidenheid van ontwikkelingsindikatore. Gegewe die belangrikheid van ontwikkelingsmaatstawwe In ontwikkelingstudies, word twee nuwe saamgestelde indekse hier aangebied om twee spesifieke gapings in navorsing oor ontwikkelingsmaatstawwe aan te spreek. Indekse van Menslike Sekuriteit (MSls) en Ondoeltreffendheidsratio's word ontwikkelom te bepaal tot watter mate lande vordering gemaak het in menslike sekuriteit, soos definieer deur die UNDP (Hoofstuk 8). Vordering word gemeet in terme van sowel pogings en uitkomste as die mate waartoe pogings werklik in uitkomste omskep word. In Hoofstuk 9 word Indekse van Heropbou en Ontwikkeling (HOIs) gebruik om te meet tot watter mate die nege provinsies in Suid-Afrika vordering gemaak het in die bereiking van die ontwikkelingsdoelwitte wat uitgespel word in die Heropbou- en Ontwikkelingsprogram (HOP). Die metingsresultate dui daarop dat daar wesenlike ongelykhede bestaan in beide menslike sekuriteit en heropbou en ontwikkeling. Hierdie nuwe saamgestelde indekse word ook gebruik om te bepaal met watter ontwikkelingskenmerke ongelykhede in menslike sekuriteit en heropbou en ontwikkeling geassosieer word. So, byvoorbeeld, toon dispariteite in menslike sekuriteit 'n verband met sowel stedelike en bevolkingsdinamika as kapasiteit in kommunikasie en infrastruktuur. Vordering in heropbou en ontwikkeling word ook geassosieer met laer bevolkingsdruk, beter matrikulasieresultate, minder armoede en inkomste-ongelykheid, en wyer politieke verteenwoordiging op provinsiale vlak. Die indekse beklemtoon ook die mate waartoe vordering met die HOP nog nie in landelike gebiede gematerialiseer het nie. Verder wil dit voorkom asof huidige provinsiale ongelykhede in vordering met heropbou en ontwikkeling steeds kenmerkend is van die rasse-dinamika agter ontwikkeling wat so kenmerkend was van die Apartheidsera.
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Emerson, Rebecca A. "One essay on leading indicators and two on investment trusts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260009.
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Cole, Denise. "Local economic indicators : practitioners' needs and associated issues of provision and use." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/333421.
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The local economic information base for the UK does not meet the demand for local economic indicators emerging from the private and public sectors. This thesis identifies an 'information gap' between the need for and provision of local economic indicators in the public and private sectors. The existence of this 'gap' emerges in the literature review. Empirical evidence of the gap is provided by the thesis' postal survey (which investigates the use of local economic information in forecasting). The dearth of local economic indicators is then confirmed in the analysis of guided interviews with practitioners. The literature review and practitioner interviews identify a rising need for local economic indicators over the last decade. The increased political significance of local space has led to a growth in the need for information at this scale from the public sector. Organisational restructuring and the privatisation of utilities has also led an increase in demand from the private sector for local economic information. This need has been compounded by deficiencies in those local economic indicators which are currently available, in terms of quality, organisation and accessibility. The literature suggests that standardisation of the criteria for organising local economic indicators into a database would greatly assist the organisations that seek this information. However, no such set of criteria has been forthcoming. The thesis therefore incorporates a feasibility study which focuses on the establishment of a standardised local economic database. The research findings steer suggestions for its development, and local economic indicators for the Local Authority District (LAD) ofLuton are collected and organised into a database as a case study. The methodology is documented, and can be reproduced to develop a similar database for any other LAD in the UK.
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Pietukhova, A. "Economic indicators of sustainable development." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64480.
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The emergence and evolution of the concept of sustainable development changed the principles for economic development, so an unlimited economic growth was displaced by balanced development. It helps to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This concept became the complex of three components: environmental unity, economic efficiency and social justice.
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Snyman, Gideon Johan Justus. "The development of leading indicators for the South African building industry using qualitative and quantitative data." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31855.
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The building industry is complex, diversified, and labour-intensive. These aspects, together with its inherent instability, are analysed. Improved forecasting methods can assist in economic planning within the industry and formulation of public policy. Economic stabilisation policies can benefit participants in the industry and society at large.
In this study leading indicators are developed for the South African building industry to assist in forecasting future demand levels. Use is made of qualitative survey data and quantitative time series. The quarterly qualitative data emanate from the Bureau for Economic Research, University of Stellenbosch. These data are gathered by questionnaire from building contractors and sub-contractors according to the Konjunkturtest developed by the lfo Institute, Munich, Germany. Principal component analyses of the business survey variables reveal that respondents behave purposefully and that these qualitative data are suitable for use as cyclical indicators in a composite index.
The monthly quantitative data are compiled by the South African Reserve Bank and the Central Statistical Service, Pretoria, South Africa. The variables used in the construction of the leading indicators are weighted according to the scoring system developed by the National Bureau of Economic Research, United States of America. The six criteria applied in this scoring system are: economic significance of the variables; statistical adequacy; timing at turning points; conformity to historical business cycles; currency; and smoothness.
Separate composite leading indices are compiled from 33 qualitative variables and 8 quantitative time series, with the relevant scores as weights. It is found that these indices lead turnjng points of the reference cycle by between three and a half months and ten and a half months. However, the lead times are not consistent. This finding is in accordance with international experience. A combined leading indicator is constructed from these qualitative and quantitative indices (1971 to 1991). It is found that the statistical performance of the final composite leading indicator does not surpass the performance of the individual composite indices. It is suggested that the best forecasting results can be achieved if the qualitative and quantitative leading indices are · used independently, yet in conjunction with other economic indicators and other forecasting models.
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Kim, Sunghoo. "The Relationship Between Domestic Savings and Other Economic Indicators in Korea." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500312/.
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This study is an analysis of the relationship between domestic savings and three economic indicators in the Republic of Korea during the 1950s through 1980s. While domestic saving is affected by many economic phenomena, the analysis is confined to national income, exports, and inflation. The study is divided into five chapters. These are entitled (1) Introduction, (2) Domestic Savings, (3) Income and Domestic Savings, (4) Exports and Domestic Savings, (5) Inflation and Domestic Savings. In chapter I, Korea and the Korean economy are introduced, and the scope of the study is stated. Chapter II reviews the related realm of domestic savings: definition, kinds, and determinants of domestic savings. Chapter III presents the relationship between different incomes and domestic savings, and shows non-labor income contributes more powerfully to the formation of domestic savings than labor income. Chapter IV contains effects of exports, and hypothesis testing. The effect of exports suggests that export expansion affects domestic savings positively via an increase in gross national product. Chapter V deals with the correlation between inflation and domestic savings, and its testing. The correlation between inflation and domestic savings is not generally clear except for some specific cases.
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Karlsson, Martina, and Helen Orselius. "Economic and Business cycle indicators : Accuracy, reliability and consistency of Swedish indicators." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-24031.
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Background: Economic and Business cycle indicators are used when predicting a country’s Gross Domestic Products, GDP. During recent time, Purchasing Managers Index and its ability to signal changes in the economy have received attention. It provides inconsistent signals since the financial crisis in 2008. Decision makers in the society rely on macroeconomic forecast when implementing strategic decisions. It is therefore necessary for indicators to provide correct signals in relation to GDP. Previous research about indicators’ stability is mostly conducted in the U.S. According to the authors’ knowledge, scarce research has been made in Sweden. The area lacks observations where a wider range of indicators is included to get a broader perspective of the economy. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine Swedish indicators and observe if they are stable and provide accurate, reliable and consistent signals in relation to GDP growth. Furthermore, the financial crisis in 2008 is used as a benchmark when observing stability and indicators’ predictive ability. Method: Ten indicators within the categories financial, survey-based and real economy indicators are selected. Quarterly data with a time period of maximum 1993-2013 are analyzed. The statistical tests conducted include Correlation, Cross-Correlation and Simple Linear Regression, an interaction term is also included to account for the financial crisis. Conclusion: The results show that nine out of ten indicators are unstable. Purchasing Managers Index show largest changes compared to other indicators. Industry Production index is the best performing indicator. When it comes to the categories; survey-based, financial and real-economy indicators, no category overall provide stability.
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Pinna, Anna Maria. "Trade, wages and protection : a micro-econometric analysis based on a new tariff indicator." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275226.
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Kostyuchenko, N. "Ecological-economic indicators for sustainability in Ukraine." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19880.
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Blázquez, Soriano María Desamparados. "Design and Evaluation of Web-Based Economic Indicators: A Big Data Analysis Approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/116836.
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[ES] En la Era Digital, el creciente uso de Internet y de dispositivos digitales está transformando completamente la forma de interactuar en el contexto económico y social. Miles de personas, empresas y organismos públicos utilizan Internet en sus actividades diarias, generando de este modo una enorme cantidad de datos actualizados ("Big Data") accesibles principalmente a través de la World Wide Web (WWW), que se ha convertido en el mayor repositorio de información del mundo. Estas huellas digitales se pueden rastrear y, si se procesan y analizan de manera apropiada, podrían ayudar a monitorizar en tiempo real una infinidad de variables económicas.
En este contexto, el objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral es generar indicadores económicos, basados en datos web, que sean capaces de proveer regularmente de predicciones a corto plazo ("nowcasting") sobre varias actividades empresariales que son fundamentales para el crecimiento y desarrollo de las economías. Concretamente, tres indicadores económicos basados en la web han sido diseñados y evaluados: en primer lugar, un indicador de orientación exportadora, basado en un modelo que predice si una empresa es exportadora; en segundo lugar, un indicador de adopción de comercio electrónico, basado en un modelo que predice si una empresa ofrece la posibilidad de venta online; y en tercer lugar, un indicador de supervivencia empresarial, basado en dos modelos que indican la probabilidad de supervivencia de una empresa y su tasa de riesgo. Para crear estos indicadores, se han descargado una diversidad de datos de sitios web corporativos de forma manual y automática, que posteriormente se han procesado y analizado con técnicas de análisis Big Data.
Los resultados muestran que los datos web seleccionados están altamente relacionados con las variables económicas objeto de estudio, y que los indicadores basados en la web que se han diseñado en esta tesis capturan en un alto grado los valores reales de dichas variables económicas, siendo por tanto válidos para su uso por parte del mundo académico, de las empresas y de los decisores políticos. Además, la naturaleza online y digital de los indicadores basados en la web hace posible proveer regularmente y de forma barata de predicciones a corto plazo. Así, estos indicadores son ventajosos con respecto a los indicadores tradicionales.
Esta tesis doctoral ha contribuido a generar conocimiento sobre la viabilidad de producir indicadores económicos con datos online procedentes de sitios web corporativos. Los indicadores que se han diseñado pretenden contribuir a la modernización en la producción de estadísticas oficiales, así como ayudar a los decisores políticos y los gerentes de empresas a tomar decisiones informadas más rápidamente.[CAT] A l'Era Digital, el creixent ús d'Internet i dels dispositius digitals està transformant completament la forma d'interactuar al context econòmic i social. Milers de persones, empreses i organismes públics utilitzen Internet a les seues activitats diàries, generant d'aquesta forma una enorme quantitat de dades actualitzades ("Big Data") accessibles principalment mitjançant la World Wide Web (WWW), que s'ha convertit en el major repositori d'informació del món. Aquestes empremtes digitals poden rastrejar-se i, si se processen i analitzen de forma apropiada, podrien ajudar a monitoritzar en temps real una infinitat de variables econòmiques. En aquest context, l'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi doctoral és generar indicadors econòmics, basats en dades web, que siguen capaços de proveïr regularment de prediccions a curt termini ("nowcasting") sobre diverses activitats empresarials que són fonamentals per al creixement i desenvolupament de les economies. Concretament, tres indicadors econòmics basats en la web han sigut dissenyats i avaluats: en primer lloc, un indicador d'orientació exportadora, basat en un model que prediu si una empresa és exportadora; en segon lloc, un indicador d'adopció de comerç electrònic, basat en un model que prediu si una empresa ofereix la possibilitat de venda online; i en tercer lloc, un indicador de supervivència empresarial, basat en dos models que indiquen la probabilitat de supervivència d'una empresa i la seua tasa de risc. Per a crear aquestos indicadors, s'han descarregat una diversitat de dades de llocs web corporatius de forma manual i automàtica, que posteriorment s'han analitzat i processat amb tècniques d'anàlisi Big Data. Els resultats mostren que les dades web seleccionades estan altament relacionades amb les variables econòmiques objecte d'estudi, i que els indicadors basats en la web que s'han dissenyat en aquesta tesi capturen en un alt grau els valors reals d'aquestes variables econòmiques, sent per tant vàlids per al seu ús per part del món acadèmic, de les empreses i dels decisors polítics. A més, la naturalesa online i digital dels indicadors basats en la web fa possible proveïr regularment i de forma barata de prediccions a curt termini. D'aquesta forma, són avantatjosos en comparació als indicadors tradicionals. Aquesta tesi doctoral ha contribuït a generar coneixement sobre la viabilitat de produïr indicadors econòmics amb dades online procedents de llocs web corporatius. Els indicadors que s'han dissenyat pretenen contribuïr a la modernització en la producció d'estadístiques oficials, així com ajudar als decisors polítics i als gerents d'empreses a prendre decisions informades més ràpidament.
[EN] In the Digital Era, the increasing use of the Internet and digital devices is completely transforming the way of interacting in the economic and social framework. Myriad individuals, companies and public organizations use the Internet for their daily activities, generating a stream of fresh data ("Big Data") principally accessible through the World Wide Web (WWW), which has become the largest repository of information in the world. These digital footprints can be tracked and, if properly processed and analyzed, could help to monitor in real time a wide range of economic variables. In this context, the main goal of this PhD thesis is to generate economic indicators, based on web data, which are able to provide regular, short-term predictions ("nowcasting") about some business activities that are basic for the growth and development of an economy. Concretely, three web-based economic indicators have been designed and evaluated: first, an indicator of firms' export orientation, which is based on a model that predicts if a firm is an exporter; second, an indicator of firms' engagement in e-commerce, which is based on a model that predicts if a firm offers e-commerce facilities in its website; and third, an indicator of firms' survival, which is based on two models that indicate the probability of survival of a firm and its hazard rate. To build these indicators, a variety of data from corporate websites have been retrieved manually and automatically, and subsequently have been processed and analyzed with Big Data analysis techniques. Results show that the selected web data are highly related to the economic variables under study, and the web-based indicators designed in this thesis are capturing to a great extent their real values, thus being valid for their use by the academia, firms and policy-makers. Additionally, the digital and online nature of web-based indicators makes it possible to provide timely, inexpensive predictions about the economy. This way, they are advantageous with respect to traditional indicators. This PhD thesis has contributed to generating knowledge about the viability of producing economic indicators with data coming from corporate websites. The indicators that have been designed are expected to contribute to the modernization of official statistics and to help in making earlier, more informed decisions to policy-makers and business managers.
Blázquez Soriano, MD. (2019). Design and Evaluation of Web-Based Economic Indicators: A Big Data Analysis Approach [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/116836
TESIS
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KAHN, MARCIO. "ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF PETROLEUM RESERVES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2525@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOREssa dissertação tem o objetivo de apresentar e aplicar uma metodologia de cálculo de indicadores de desempenho econômico e financeiro obtidos a partir das informações de reservas de empresas de exploração e produção de petróleo. Inicialmente é feita uma revisão bibliográfica de tópicos relevantes ao assunto. Em seguida, é apresentada a metodologia de cálculo dos indicadores de desempenho. Por fim, é desenvolvido um sistema de informações, Sistema de Avaliação Econômica e Financeira de Reservas (SAFER), capaz de auxiliar a Petrobras tanto na elaboração dos relatórios contábeis como na avaliação de desempenho econômico e financeiro das empresas do setor.
This thesis intends to present and apply a computation methodology of economic and financial performance indicators derived from the financial disclosures presented by the petroleum exploration and production companies concerning their reserves. A bibliography review on the main topics about the subjects is done. Then, the computation methodology of economic and financial performance indicators is presented. Last, an information system (Economic and Financial Reserves Evaluation System - SAFER) is proposed for helping Petrobras to prepare the accounting reports and to perform an economic and financial evaluation of the E&P companies.
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Smith, Paul. "Chasing yesterday : nowcasting economic activity with timely indicators." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26537.
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The thesis Chasing Yesterday: Nowcasting Economic Activity with Timely Indicators presents three separate essays rooted in the topic of nowcasting that have been written since 2013. A variety of research themes drawn from the nowcasting literature are covered, with the essays pulled together through an underlying link of the usefulness of timely economic indicators to policymakers, investors and researchers. Following an introduction to nowcasting and the broad research themes covered in the thesis, Chapter 2 is titled "The Importance of Being Timely", a version of which has been recently published in the Journal of Forecasting. The research in the chapter is concerned with understanding the contribution quickly-released survey data make to tracking economic activity in nowcasting models. Generally speaking, policymakers want to know about real-time economy performance. However, closely watched macroeconomic time series produced by national statistics offices are published infrequently, with a time lag and are subject to revision. Such issues create uncertainty in tracking economic developments, a by-product of which is to raise the value of business and consumer surveys. Although providing less granularity than official data series, the surveys are released in a timelier manner and are generally not revised. Using real-time data sourced from the Deutsche Bundesbank, the OECD and the Office for National Statistics, an assessment of the role that the popular and widely used Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) play in reducing forecasting errors in a simple "nowcasting" framework is undertaken. The empirical exercise is conducted for five developed economies and also covers the period of the Great Recession. The conclusion is clear: timing matters. The third chapter "Nowcasting UK GDP during the Depression" reviews the performance of several statistical techniques in nowcasting preliminary estimates of UK GDP, particularly during the recent depression. Traditional bridging equations, MIDAS regressions and factor models are all considered. While there are various theoretical differences and perceived advantages for each technique, replicated real-time out-of-sample testing shows that, in practice, there is in fact little to choose between methods in terms of end-of-period nowcasting accuracy. The analysis also reveals that none of the aforementioned statistical models can consistently beat a consensus of professional economists in nowcasting preliminary GDP estimates. This inability of statistical models to beat the consensus may reflect several factors, one of which is the revisions and re-appraisal of trends inherent in UK GDP statistics. The suggestion is that these changes impact on observed relationships between GDP and indicator variables such as business surveys, which impairs nowcasting performance. Indeed, using a synthetic series based purely on observed preliminary GDP estimates, which introduces stability to the target variable series, the nowcasting accuracy of regressions including closely-watched PMI data is improved by 25-40 percentage points relative to a naive benchmark. The final research chapter, "Google's MIDAS Touch: Predicting UK Unemployment with Internet Search Data", a version of which is due to be published in the Journal of Forecasting, changes tack somewhat by assessing the potential of internet search data as a useful source of information for policymakers when formulating decisions based on their understanding of the current economic environment. The chapter builds on earlier literature and the ideas generated in chapters 2 and 3 via a structured value assessment of the data provided by Google Trends. This is done through two empirical exercises related to the forecasting of changes in UK unemployment. Firstly, economic intuition provides the basis for search term selection, with a resulting Google indicator tested alongside survey-based variables in a traditional forecasting environment. Secondly, this environment is expanded into a pseudo-time nowcasting framework which provides the backdrop for assessing the timing advantage that Google data have over surveys. The framework is underpinned by a MIDAS regression which allows, for the first time, the easy incorporation of internet search data at its true sampling rate into a nowcast model for predicting unemployment.
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Brahimi, Marouane. "The impact of macro-economic indicators on credit spreads." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207189.
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A model of credit spreads variations, based on macroeconomic and market variables, has been developed and presented in this paper. Credit spreads of speculative and investment grade bonds have been investigated, leading us to a linear relationship between their quarterly variations. Thanks to their risk contribution we clearly identify government bond rates and a financial conditions index as the most significant variables. Hence, based on macroeconomic views on the market in 2017, we perform some predictions on future variations on spreads based on this model, displaying the flattening of high yield credit spreads and the widening of investment grade spreads in the long run. In addition, a cointegration relationship between spreads, rates and the ISM has been found, meaning that there exists a mean-reverting process representing the spread between credit spreads and a linear combination of these factors. As a consequence, thanks to this process we can conclude about the potential immediate tightening of credit spreads.Vi studerar en modell för variationer i kreditspreadar, baserad på makroekonomiska och marknadsvariabler, undersökningen av kreditspreadar av spekulativa och investment grade (dvs BBB klassade) obligationer gav upphov till ett linjärt förhållande mellan deras kvartalsvisa variationer. Tack vare deras riskbidrag identifierar vi tydligt Statsobligationsräntor och ett finansiellt förhållningsindex som de viktigaste variablerna. Därför baseras på en makroekonomiska syn på marknaden år 2017 utför vi vissa prediktioner om framtida variationer i spreadarna.
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Gurewitz, Heather 1977. "The Role of Socia-Economic Indicators in Watershed Management." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9870.
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xiv, 107 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.In Oregon, watershed councils are a prime example of community-based natural resource management. Since the early 1990's the state has promoted local place-based ecosystem management for the restoration of fish habitat, water quality, and the protection of water resources. In this new paradigm, watershed management in Oregon incorporates ecosystem and adaptive management, a concept that involves acting, monitoring, and evaluating current and past programs. Since their early beginnings, watershed councils have recognized the integrated nature ofthe socio-economic and biophysical environment. However, the management practices of watershed councils in Oregon have focused on the bio-physical environment and bio-physical monitoring and evaluation. Socio-economic indicators may provide information that will allow watershed councils to plan for watershed management in a more holistic framework for strategic decision-making and collaborative management through an integration of the socio-economic and bio-physical elements of the watershed.
Committee in charge: Dr. Michael Hibbard, Chair; Dr. Cassandra Moseley; Dr. Jon A. Souder
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Danguy, Jérôme. "Essays on the globalization of innovation using patent-based indicators." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209409.
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Compared to the globalized markets of goods and services, technology production has been often described as “far from globalized” and mainly concentrated in the home country of multinational enterprises. However, academics and international organizations recognize that research and development (R&D) activities are increasingly performed at the international level. In particular, the globalization of innovation is a major concern since it is at the crossroads of the rising importance of knowledge economy and the increasing international slicing of firms’ value chains. In this context, the main motivations of this thesis are to investigate the extent to which innovation takes place across national borders and to analyze the drivers of this phenomenon across countries and across industries. For this purpose, this dissertation provides new evidence on the globalization of innovation in four empirical essays using patent-based indicators.First, the relevance of patent statistics as indicators of innovation is evaluated by studying the relationship between expenditures in R&D activities and patenting efforts. Chapter 2 decomposes this relationship at the industry level to shed light on the origins of the worldwide surge in patent applications. The empirical investigation of the R&D-patent relationship relies on a unique panel dataset composed of 18 manufacturing industries in 19 countries covering the period from 1987 to 2005, for which five broad patent indicators are developed. This study shows that patent applications at the industry level reflect not only research productivity, but also two main components of the propensity to patent which are firms’ strategic considerations: the decision to protect an invention with a patent (the “appropriability strategy”) and the number of patents filed to protect an innovation (the “filing strategy”). The comparison between the results for various patent count indicators provides also interesting insights. While some industries (computers and communication technologies) and countries (South Korea, Spain, and Poland) have experienced a drastic increase in patent applications, the ratio of priority patent applications to R&D expenditures has been generally constant. This result suggests that there has been no spurt in innovation productivity. In contrast, regional applications (filings at the United States Patent and Trademark Office or at the European Patent Office) have been increasing since the early 1990s, suggesting that the patent explosion observed in large regional patent offices is due to the greater globalization of intellectual property rights rather than a surge in research productivity. Innovative firms are increasingly targeting global markets and hence have a higher tendency to seek protection in key markets worldwide.
Chapter 3 introduces, firstly, aggregate patent-based indicators to measure the globalization of innovation production. Secondly, it describes the patterns in international technology production for a large panel dataset covering 21 industries in 29 countries from 1980 to 2005. A strong growth in the intensity of globalization of innovation is confirmed not only in terms of cross-border ownership of innovation, but also in terms of international technological collaborations. More interestingly, heterogeneity across countries and industries is observed. On the one hand, more innovative countries (or industries) do not present more globalized innovation footprint. On the other hand, the ownership of innovation is still strongly concentrated in a few countries, although its location is increasingly dispersed across the world. Thirdly, it investigates empirically two main opposing motives driving the internationalization of innovation: home-base augmenting and home-base exploiting strategies. The results show that the degree of internationalization of innovation is negatively related to the revealed technological advantage of countries across industries. Countries tend to be more technologically globalized in industrial sectors in which they are less technologically specialized. The empirical findings suggest also that countries with multidisciplinary technological knowledge are more likely to take part in international co-inventions of new technologies and to be attractive for foreign innovative firms. This aggregated patent-based analysis provides additional evidence that globalization of innovation is a means of acquiring competences abroad that are lacking at home, suggesting that home-base augmenting motives matter in the globalization of innovation production. By contrast, the internationalization of innovation does not seem to be purely market-driven since large economies are not the target of foreign innovative firms and international patenting is more related to international competitiveness of country-industry pairs than to the direction of trade flows.
While the previous chapter studies the globalization of innovation of a country with the rest of world, Chapter 4 aims at explaining who collaborates with whom in the international production of technology. In particular, the impact of technological distance between partner’s economies is investigated for a panel dataset covering international co-inventions between 29 countries in 21 industries between 1988 and 2005. The descriptive analysis highlights that the overall growth in internationalization of innovation is due to both the increase in the number of international innovative actors and the rise of the average intensity of collaboration. The empirical findings then suggest that the two main arguments related to technological distance – ‘similarity versus diversity’ – can be reconciled by taking an industry approach. Indeed, the estimation results show that the impact of technological distance is twofold on the intensity of collaborative innovation at industry level. On the one hand, the more similar the industry-specific knowledge of two countries (low technological distance within the industry), the more easily they collaborate by sharing common industrial knowledge. On the other hand, the more different their non-industry-specific knowledge (high technological distance outside the scope of the industry), the more they collaborate to gain access to broad and interdisciplinary expertise. It suggests that the relative absorptive capacity between partner’s economies and the search for novel and complementary knowledge are key drivers of the globalization of innovation. Moreover, the results confirm the moderating effect of non-technological distance factors (spatial proximity, ease of communication, institutional proximity, and overall economic ties) in cross-border innovative relationships.
The topic of Chapter 5 is the cost-benefit analysis of the creation of a new ‘globalized’ patent: the EU Patent (formerly known as Community Patent) which consists in a single patent covering the entire EU territory for both application procedure and legal enforcement after grant. The objective of this chapter is threefold: (i) simulate the budgetary consequences in terms of renewal fees’ income for the European and national patent offices; (ii) evaluate the implications for the business sector in terms of absolute and relative fees; (iii) assess the total economic impact for the most important actors of the European patent system. Based on an econometric model explaining the determinants of the maintenance rate of patents, the simulations suggest that – with a sound renewal fee structure – the EU patent could generate more income for nearly all patent offices than under the current status quo. It would, at the same time, substantially reduce the relative patenting costs for applicants. Finally, the loss of economic rents by patent attorneys, translators and lawyers, and the drop of controlling power by national patent offices elucidate further the persistence of a fragmented European patent system.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Ihnatovich, Hanna. "Predicting the development of the construction equipment market demand using economic indicators: Artificial Neural Networks approach." Thesis, KTH, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209044.
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Demand forecasting plays an important role for every business and gives companies an opportunity to prepare for coming shifts in the market. The empirical findings of this study aim to support construction equipment manufacturers, distributors, and suppliers in apprehending the equipment market in more depth and foreseeing market demand to be able to adjust their business strategies and production capacities, allocate resources more efficiently, optimize the level of output and stock and, as a result, reduce associated costs, increase profitability and competitiveness. It is demonstrated that demand for construction equipment is heavily influenced by changes in economic conditions and country-specific economic indicators can serve as reliable input parameters to anticipate fluctuations in the construction equipment market. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) forecasting technique has been successfully employed to predict sales of construction equipment four quarters ahead in selected countries (Germany, The United Kingdom, France, Italy, Norway, Russia, Turkey and Saudi Arabia) with country related economic indicators used as an input.
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Ray, Michael S. "Human capital and the wealth of nations a new methodology for evaluating measurements of social and economic change in Latin America and other world regions /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1564316611&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Araujo, Handrey Borges [UNESP]. "Avaliação econômica de Eucalipto irrigado em diferentes cenários." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103446.
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araujo_hb_dr_botfca.pdf: 2541334 bytes, checksum: d55a8caaf451d8351aa515e352354320 (MD5)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A análise de um modelo econômico que permita visualizar alternativas econômicas que sejam satisfatórias e compensadoras do ponto de vista do investidor para a produção de madeira de Eucalyptus spp, permitiria avaliar a implementação de reflorestamentos com altos ganhos em produtividade e com retorno econômico plausível à proposição da introdução tecnológica. Neste sentindo, objetiva-se neste trabalho a construção de um modelo econômico que possa avaliar as receitas e despesas associadas a um projeto comercial de produção de eucalipto fertirrigado implantado no município de Dois Irmãos do Buriti – MS, bem como uma simulação que defina os cenários mais adequados à implantação desta introdução tecnológica em futuros projetos. Um modelo econômico foi desenvolvido utilizando-se a planilha eletrônica de cálculos Microsoft Office Excel contendo variáveis de entrada que permitem a inserção dos dados que definem o cenário estudado, além de permitir a variação destas mesmas premissas entre um intervalo consistente, processando estas informações na ótica do projeto e culminando com as respostas que quantificam receitas e despesas no horizonte econômico do projeto. Por meio do fluxo de caixa gerado por estas receitas e despesas foi possível o cálculo de índices econômicos que permitiram a análise econômica dos cenários propostos em situação de sequeiro e fertirrigado com áreas respectivas de 855 e 500ha respectivamente. Nas condições em que os sistemas foram montados na Empresa MMX Metálicos Corumbá Ltda, o sistema de sequeiro apresentou um VPL de R$ 4.994.275,11 e uma TIR de 11,44% para um horizonte de planejamento de 25 anos, com custo da madeira de R$ 20,47 por m3, enquanto o cenário fertirrigado apresentou um VPL de R$ 388.106,48 , uma TIR de 8,26% e um custo da madeira de R$ 28,77 por m3 nas...
The analysis of an economic model that helps illustrate alternatives that are satisfying and rewarding from the standpoint of the investor for the production of Eucalyptus spp, would assess the implementation of reforestation with high productivity gains and economic profits to the plausible proposition introduction of technology. In this sense, the purpose of this work was to build an economic model that can evaluate the revenue and expenses related to a project's commercial production of eucalyptus fertigated deployed in the city of Dois Irmãos do Buriti - MS, as well as a simulation to define the scenarios more suitable for the deployment of this introduction of technology in future projects. An economic model was developed using the spreadsheet calculations of Microsoft Office Excel containing input variables that allow the insertion of data defining the scenario studied, besides allowing the variation among these same assumpts a consistent range, processing this information in perspective project and culminating with the responses that quantify revenue and expenditure in the economic horizon of the project. Through cash flow generated by this revenue and expenditure could be calculated based on economic indices which enabled the economic analysis of proposed scenarios in a situation of dry land and fertilized with the respective areas of 855 and 500ha respectively. Under conditions in which the systems were installed in the Company Metallic MMX Corumbá Ltda, the system presented a dryland NPV of R$ 4,994,275.11 and an IRR of 11.44% for a planning horizon of 25 years, at a cost of wood R$ 20.47 per m3, while the fertilized scenario presented a NPV of R$ 388,106.48, an IRR of 8.26% and a cost of wood from R$ 28.77 per m3 in the same conditions, demonstrating that both can be considered economically feasible. However the upland condition... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Winkelnkemper, Torsten [Verfasser]. "Key performance indicators for economic downstream process development / Torsten Winkelnkemper." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102424279X/34.
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Cao, Ding-Mel. "Investigation of economic indicators of distribution network operation and development." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490258.
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This work investigates the economic indicators of distribution network (DN) operation and development. The overall cost of various voltage control methods which allow increased distributed generation (DG) connection was evaluated. It was found voltage regulators and area based control by OLTCs consistently provide the greatest cost benefits. Reactive power compensation has not been widely applied in the UK DNs. The value of its wide application on accommodating demand growth and facilitating DG penetration was found to vary depending on customers' parameters and voltage control scenarios. The value on active losses reduction is much larger in rural networks than in urban networks and the reduction in reactive import from the transmission grid is similar for both. The impact of DG in mainland Europe, namely Finnish DNs was evaluated and the results were compared with the UK cases. It was found that DG impacts on investment and operating costs strongly depends on the operation schemes, network structures and customer parameters. The impact of several potential network design strategies on losses has previously not been clear. The preliminary studies which quantified their impacts on the DN losses found that removing the 33kV network brings more benefit on losses reduction in urban networks than in rural networks and the impact of shortening 11 kV circuits and extending 33kV circuits on overall losses was small. The impact of implementing various DN charging methodologies on long term network investment and losses was previously unclear. This research developed a DN charging model to evaluate the impact on network investment cost and losses due to customers' responses. It was found that more benefit will be obtained on reducing cost and facilitating DG installation, when charging approaches provide locational, temporal and reactive power charge signals to customers.
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Duarte, Bruno Miguel Gonçalves. "Impact of social economic indicators on RSI incidence and success." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9473.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsIn this project we study the influence of socio-economic characteristics on the percentage of beneficiaries of “Rendimento Social de Inserção” (RSI) and on the percentage of exits from the RSI program that occur due to a change in income. The results indicate that the % of beneficiaries tend to increase with unemployment, younger people and reduced families, whereas it tends to reduce with high education levels and GDP. As for the % of exists from the RSI, the results we obtained show evidence that, on the one hand, they tend to increase with higher education, and on the other hand, they tend to reduce with unemployment, reduced income of the beneficiaries before entering the program, nuclear families and Local Purchasing Power.
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Peterson, Diane Michelle 1960. "The Arab Gulf: Indicators of economic dependence on migrant communities." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291485.
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Following the 1973 rise in the price of oil, the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations of the Middle East became hosts to hundreds of thousands of foreign workers taking part in the economic development of the region. From the beginning, the employment of migrant workers was seen as a temporary measure, necessary to compensate for the small indigenous populations in the Gulf. The numbers of foreign workers has become so great, that the migrants now constitute a majority of the population in several of the GCC countries. The relative permanence with which foreign workers have now established themselves is of great concern to the host governments. It appears that the insufficient skill-levels and sizes of the national workforces, together with the position the extensive and growing migrant communities hold in the growing Gulf economies point to the continued presence of large foreign populations for some time to come.
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Kessing, Christopher. "Macroeconomic Indicators of Working Class Voter Abstention in US Presidential Elections, 1948-2004." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1322.
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In this paper I explore the causal relationship between the strategic economic interdependence advanced by Western democracies after WWII and the "puzzle of participation" in US presidential elections. More specifically, I seek to illustrate first how economic convergence within the West and then the transition from Keynesian to monetarist policy rhetoric reflexively diminish the degree to which US working class voters can realistically petition their elected officials regarding the most salient matters of economic self-interest. My results indicate that from 1948-2004, the working public became more isolated from their most salient economic decisions, voted less often due to heretofore unexplored macroeconomic indicators.
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Hays, Matthew. "The Stock Market as a Leading Economic Indicator." Thesis, Boston College, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/408.
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Thesis advisor: Harold A. PetersenThis paper attempts to find the extent of the predictive power of the stock market in relation to consumption, non-residential investment, and corporate profits. Initially, a naïve model is formulated to assess the impact of the stock market on GDP, and then the model is used to find the predictive power of the stock market on the components. This component analysis compares the impact of the market on each of the components and attempts to find reasons for the variations in impact. Finally, the long term predictive power of the various models is assessed
Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2005
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics Honors Program
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Boshoff, Willem Hendrik. "The properties of cycles in South African financial variables and their relation to the business cycle." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1733.
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Thesis (MComm (Economics)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.The goal of this thesis is twofold: it aims, firstly, at a description of cycles in South African financial variables and, secondly, at the evaluation of the relationship between cycles in financial variables and the South African business cycle. The study is based on the original business cycle framework of Arthur Burns and Wesley Mitchell, but incorporates recent contributions by Australian economists Don Harding and Adrian Pagan, as well as the work of the Economic Cycle Research Institute in New York. Part I of the thesis is concerned with the characteristics of cycles in financial variables within the South African context. The first chapter presents a taxonomy of the concepts of classical, deviation and growth rate cycles in order to establish a simple reference framework for cycle concepts. At this point the concept of a ‘turning point cycle’ is introduced, with particular focus on the non-parametric method of turning point identification, following Harding and Pagan’s recent translation of the original work of Burns and Mitchell into a modern version with a sound statistical basis. With the turning points identified the dissertation proceeds to an exposition of descriptive measures of expansion and contraction phases. The second chapter entails an empirical report on descriptive results for amplitude and duration characteristics of cycle phases in the different financial variables, with separate reports for classical cycles and growth rate cycles. Chapter two concludes with a series of tables in which the behaviour of cycle phases are compared for different financial variables. Part II considers financial variables as potential leading indicators of the business cycle in South Africa. Chapter 3 introduces the concept ‘leading indicator’ to this end and distinguishes the original concept from modern, econometric versions. The chapter then introduces a framework for evaluating potential leading indicators, which emphasises two requirements: firstly, broad co-movement between cycles in the proposed leading indicator and the business cycle and, secondly, stability in the number of months between turning points in cycles of the proposed indicator and business cycle turning points. The capacity of potential indicators to meet these criteria is measured via the concordance statistic and the ‘lead profile’ respectively. Chapter four provides the statistical basis for the concordance statistic, after which the empirical results (presented separately for classical and growth rate cycles) are presented. The fifth chapter presents the statistical test for the stability of the interval by which cyclical turning points in the potential indicator lead turning points in the business cycle. Empirical results are presented in both tabular form (the ‘lead profile’) and graphical form (the ‘lead profile chart’). As far as can be determined, this analysis represents the first application of the ‘lead profile’ evaluation to financial variables. Chapter six concludes by presenting a summary of the results and a brief comparison with findings from an econometric study of leading indicators for South Africa.
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Babb, Thomas Eugene. "Assessing the Relationship of Wetland Quality and Home Sale Prices; a Hedonic Study." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345557243.
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Carneiro, Douglas Mesquita. "Organization and distribution of economic activity across Brazilian regions and their impact on regional economic indicators." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7454.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Esta tese de doutorado compreende tr?s ensaios que abordam quest?es pouco exploradas pela literatura de economia regional no Brasil. No primeiro artigo ? analisada a import?ncia do tamanho das empresas para o crescimento econ?mico das 558 micro-regi?es brasileiras de 1999 a 2009. Estima??es de dados em painel com efeitos fixos (FE) e uma an?lise econom?trica espacial considerando depend?ncia espacial e heterogeneidade espacial foram usadas. As estimativas para o Brasil como um todo mostram que a presen?a de grandes empresas no setor industrial contribuiu positivamente para o crescimento econ?mico das microrregi?es, enquanto que as pequenas empresas apresentaram uma rela??o negativa com o crescimento econ?mico. A presen?a de heterogeneidade espacial na amostra ? caracterizada por dois clusters espaciais diferentes com rela??o ? renda per capita. A an?lise de cada cluster espacial mostra que a rela??o entre tamanho da empresa e crescimento econ?mico nas regi?es mais ricas permanece a mesma, enquanto nas regi?es de menor PIB per capita, o tamanho das empresas n?o influencia o crescimento econ?mico. O segundo artigo utiliza an?lise econom?trica espacial para investigar qual a rela??o entre o tamanho das empresas e os indicadores de desenvolvimento econ?mico dos munic?pios brasileiros de 2000 a 2010. A investiga??o ? motivada pela quantidade de recursos e esfor?os que os governos dedicam a pol?ticas que atraem grandes empresas e apoiam pequenas empresas locais. Os modelos estimados apresentam diferentes resultados entre setores e indicadores de desenvolvimento. O sinal encontrado para a rela??o entre o crescimento do emprego e o tamanho da empresa depende dos setores considerados. Assim, os resultados recomendam uma aten??o especial por parte dos formuladores de pol?ticas p?blicas na elabora??o das suas estrat?gias de desenvolvimento local. No terceiro artigo ? analisado o padr?o de localiza??o do emprego ocupacional no Brasil em 2010, bem como ? testada a hip?tese de especializa??o funcional em fun??o do tamanho dos munic?pios do Brasil e se esta varia de acordo com setor industrial analisado. Os resultados encontrados mostram que existe significativa heterogeneidade espacial na distribui??o das ocupa??es dentro do setor industrial nos munic?pios brasileiros. Tamb?m se confirma a hip?tese de especializa??o funcional em fun??o do tamanho das cidades e a import?ncia de se analisar cada setor separadamente, pois nem todos os setores apresentaram o mesmo padr?o de especializa??o funcional. Esses resultados fornecem informa??es que auxiliam na compreens?o da estrutura setorial e ocupacional das economias regionais, fatores estes que influenciam diretamente o crescimento e desenvolvimento regional.
This dissertation comprises three essays aimed at addressing issues little explored by regional economics literature in Brazil. In the first paper, there is an analysis of the importance of the size of companies for the economic growth of the 558 Brazilian micro-regions from 1999 to 2009. Panel data estimations with fixed effects (FE) and a spatial econometric analysis considering spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity were used. Estimates show that the presence of large companies in the industrial sector has contributed positively to the economic growth of micro-regions, whereas small businesses presented a negative relation to economic growth. The presence of spatial heterogeneity in the sample is characterized by two different spatial clusters regarding per capita income. The analysis of each spatial cluster separately points out that the relation between company size and economic growth in the richest regions remains the same, while in the regions of lower GDP per capita, the size of companies does not influence economic growth. The second paper uses spatial econometric analysis to investigate the relation between size of companies and economic development indicators of Brazilian municipalities from 2000 to 2010. The investigation is motivated by the amount of resources and effort that governments dedicate to policies attracting and supporting local business. The estimated models present dissimilar findings across sectors and development indicators. For instance, the sign of the relationship between employment growth and company size depends on the sectors considered. Thus, the results recommend special attention on the part of policy makers in formulating their local development strategies. In the third paper there is an analysis of the location pattern of occupational employment in Brazil in 2010, as well as a test of the hypothesis of functional specialization according to the size of Brazilian municipalities and if this specialization changes according to the industrial sector. The results show that there is significant spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of occupations in the industrial sector in Brazilian municipalities. In addition, the hypothesis of functional specialization in function of the size of the cities and the importance to analyze each sector separately was confirmed. As not all sectors present the same pattern of functional specialization, especially for occupations related to management and R&D activities. These results provide additional information to understand sectoral and occupational structure of regional economies, factors that have a direct influence in the regional growth and development.
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Nykvist, Marcus, and Eric Månsson. "The Stock Market as a Leading Macroeconomic Indicator." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-106644.
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This article goes on to explain and seek if there is any predictive power in the stock markets toward GDP. Put in other words, this study examines whether or not the stock market can be seen as a leading indicator toward GDP for the ten biggest economies measured by GDP in the year 2020. What can be concluded from the results discussed in the analysis section is that the best predictability is when the stock market leads GDP with three to five quarters. In earlier studies on the same topic, the same results can be concluded. However, these previous studies have all shown an extended predictive period between one and five quarters, compared to our results which showed three to five quarters. One note worth mentioning is that we obtained contradictory results depending on if the tests were implemented for each country individually through time series data analysis, or collectively through panel data analysis. Our conclusion was drawn with the panel data analysis as the underlying truth, as it is viewed as more efficient and informative while also being a more suitable tool for studying the dynamics of change.
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Pasteels, Jacques. "L'expertise dans la prévision à court terme de variables économiques: contributions méthodologiques et empiriques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212284.
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Czajkowski, Jeffrey Robert. "Economic analysis of the Florida Everglades restoration." FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2704.
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An economic valuation methodology was developed in order to monetarily quantify the benefits resulting from the Indian River Lagoon - South (IRLS) $995 million Everglades restoration project. Service flows of the IRLS were identified and their associated economic baseline values were estimated utilizing existing research. A water quality baseline for the IRLS was also established and compared with the best available standards. Benefits accruing beyond the baseline values given the completion of the IRLS restoration were estimated via benefit transfer to be approximately $159 million annually, importantly factoring in the established IRLS water quality baseline.
Given these benefit results of a lower bound estimate, the project was determined not to be economically feasible, i.e., NPV < $0, via a cost-benefit analysis. However, Monte Carlo analyses provided further insights into the probability of an economically feasible restoration (36%) given the uncertainty surrounding the benefit estimation, as well as specific variables to focus on to improve this probability. This research highlights the potential significant economic value of the IRLS and the importance of properly estimating this value given the magnitude of costs.
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Rocha, Paloma de Sousa. "Fiscal and economic performance of the municipality cearà second selected indicators." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9949.
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nÃo hÃItÂs the aim of this work to shed light on the mayors administration in Ceara concentrating on what they do e.g for social areas and/or building environments but also it analyzes the financial autonomy of the city and the town hall accounts concerning the period from 2006 to 2010. Four signs are sketched in order to combine statics exercises trough panel data to make sure the following: tax increasing contributes to improve the financial autonomy of the cities especially afterwards but also to reduce their dependence to the Federal Union and the States; the search for the tax increasing badly affects the future investments mainly in social areas (education and health), on the other hand it becomes the futures investments more realizable.
O trabalho avalia a gestÃo dos prefeitos cearenses a partir de seus investimentos em Ãreas sociais e de infraestrutura bem como no processo de autonomia financeira municipal considerando os balanÃos das prefeituras entre 2006 e 2010. Quatro indicadores sÃo elaborados e exercÃcios de estatÃstica descritiva combinados a estimaÃÃes em painel permitem constatar que: i) o superÃvit fiscal contribui com o aumento da autonomia financeira municipal nos perÃodos subseqÃentes e ainda com a reduÃÃo da dependÃncia municipal em relaÃÃo à transferÃncia de recursos da UniÃo e dos estados; ii) a busca pelo superÃvit fiscal afeta negativamente os investimentos futuros em Ãreas sociais como educaÃÃo e saÃde mas, por outro lado; iii) o superÃvit fiscal viabiliza os investimentos futuros em infraestrutura das prefeituras.
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Peterson, Amy S. "An analysis of national average car rental rates and economic indicators /." Onine version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11571.
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Ho, Joseph. "Modelling bank customers' behaviour using data warehouses and incorporating economic indicators." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23052.
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Potts, Tavis William. "Sustainability indicators in marine capture fisheries." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://eprints.utas.edu.au/234/.
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Bartkevičiūtė, Viktorija. "Lietuvos ekonomikos perkaitimo įvertinimas: pasiūlos aspektas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080821_150136-93002.
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Pastaruoju metu ekonomikos perkaitimas tapo daugumos ekonomikos analitikų svarstoma tema. Šio mokslinio darbo pagrindinis tikslas – patikslinti ekonomikos perkaitimo apibrėžimą ir pasiūlyti prie apibrėžimo adaptuotą ekonomikos perkaitimo vertinimo metodiką. Pirmoje šio mokslinio darbo dalyje, remiantis ekonomikos mokslinės literatūros analize, atskleistas nepakankamas ekonomikos perkaitimo problematikos ištyrimo lygis – trūksta ekonomikos perkaitimo konkretaus apibrėžimo ir jo vertinimo tikslumo. Šios problematikos sprendimo sritys bus tobulinamos tolesniuose šio darbo skyriuose. Antroje šio mokslinio darbo dalyje pagal pirmoje darbo dalyje išanalizuotas ekonomikos perkaitimo metodikas pasirenkami perkaitimo rodikliai, susiję su paklausa, atliekama naujausia jų analizė ir įvertinama Lietuvos ekonomikos perkaitimo grėsmė. Perkaitimo rodiklių analizės eigoje atskleistas nepakankamas ekonomikos perkaitimo įvertinimas, nes akcentuojami tik paklausos veiksniai, netiriamas pasiūlos vaidmuo. Atsižvelgiant į ekonomikos perkaitimo problematikos ištyrimo lygį ir neįvertintą pasiūlos vaidmenį, paskutinėje šio mokslinio darbo dalyje pateikiamas ekonomikos perkaitimo mechanizmas pasiūlos aspektu ir pasiūlomas pakoreguotas ekonomikos perkaitimo metodas, kurio pagalba įvertinama Lietuvos ekonomikos perkaitimo grėsmė.The economic overheating recently became a topic of discussions among majority of economic analysts. The purpose of this scientific work is to present the definition of economic overheating in the aspect of supply and to propose the evaluation methodic of economic overheating. In the first part of this work, referring to the analysis of scientific literature, the insufficient level of investigation of economic overheating topic is revealed – there is a lack of concrete economic overheating definition and it‘s precise evaluation. The fields of solutions for these topics will be developed in further chapters. In the second part of this scientific work according to the analyzed economic overheating methodology in the first part the overheating indexes, bounded to demand, are chosen, the newest analysis of these indexes is implemented and the evaluation of economic overheating risk in Lithuania is done. In the progress of analysis of economic overheating indexes the insufficient evaluation of economic overheating is revealed, because only the demand‘s factors are being highlighted, the impact of supply was not investigated. Taking into consideration the level of economic overheating problem‘s evaluation and the fact that the supply‘s impact was not estimated, in the last part of this scientific work the economic overheating mechanism in the aspect of supply is presented and the improved economic overheating method is offered, with which help the evaluation of economic... [to full text]
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Adomonis, Andrius. "Lietuvos ekonominės situacijos įtaka įmonių bankrotui." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100622_143232-08620.
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Pagrindinis šio bakalaurinio darbo tikslas – išsiaiškinti kaip ekonominės situacijos pokyčiai šalyje turi įtakos įmonių bankrotų skaičiaus svyravimams. Darbo uždaviniai: išsiaiškinti kokia yra įmonių bankroto situacija Lietuvoje, nustatyti kokie ekonominiai rodikliai turi didžiausią įtaką įmonių bankroto skaičiaus svyravimui, suskaičiuoti kokią įtaką įmonių bankrotui turi reikšmingiausi ekonominiai rodikliai, pateikti pastabas, rekomendacijas ir pasiūlymus problemai spręsti. Atliekant tyrimą buvo naudojami du metodai: horizontalios analizės metodas ir tiesinės regresijos metodas. Analizuojant lyginami ekonominiai rodikliai laiko perspektyvoje. Regresinės analizės metu įvertinama, kurie ir kaip ekonominiai rodikliai labiausiai turi įtakos įmonių bankroto skaičiaus svyravimams. Atlikus tyrimą nustatyta, kad reikšmingiausi laikotarpiai Lietuvai tiriamuoju laikotarpiu yra 1999 metų pabaiga (kritimas dėl Rusijos federacijos krizės), 2002-2008 metai (kilimas, dėl stipriai augančios ekonomikos, įstojimo į ES), 2008 metų antras pusmetis (kritimas, dėl pasaulinės finansų krizės). Regresinės analizės metu nustatyta, kad reikšmingiausi ekonominiai rodikliai yra: įmonių pelningumas, mokumo koeficientas, vartotojų kainų indeksas, bankrutavusių įmonių turtas bankroto paskelbimo dieną, vidutinė mėnesinė alga, įsiskolinimo koeficientas, tiesioginiai mokesčiai. Didžiausią įtaką įmonių bankrotui turi vidutinės mėnesinės algos padidėjimas, o mažėjimui – įsiskolinimo koeficiento padidėjimas.The main purpose of this thesis is to explore how changes in economic situation influence corporate bankruptcies in Lithuania. The thesis objectives are: to find out the situation of corporate bankruptcies, identify which economic indicators have a major impact on corporate bankruptcies, calculate the impact that the most meaningful economic indicators have on corporate bankruptcies. Propose notes, recommendations, and suggestions. These two methods have been used for the analysis: horizontal comparable analysis and linear regression model. Economic indicators from different time periods were compared during comparable analysis. Linear regression provided information which main economic indicators had a major impact on corporate bankruptcies and how those indicators influence corporate bankruptcies. The analysis showed that major fluctuations in Lithuanian economy were recorded in the year of 1999 (Russion crisis), year of 2002-2008 (major rise in the economy, the EU), second half of 2008 (world financial crisis). Linear regression analysis revealed that corporate profitability, solvency credit, CPI, assets of bankrupt corporates on the day they were bankrupt, average monthly salary, debt credit and direct taxes have major impact on corporate bankruptcies. The biggest influence to rising corporate bancktupcy is made by changes in average monthly salary and solvency credit.
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Lam, Wai-ching. "The level of economic development in China." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25017949.
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Ma, Ke, and 马可. "Associations of economic indicators and different cause-specific mortalities in the world." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193802.
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Objective
The objective of the present study is to explore the associations of health expenditures and cause-specific mortality among countries at different stages of economic development.
Methodology
Scatter plot and simple linear regression were used to estimate whether there was an association between health expenditures and cause-specific mortality. The statistical significance levels were set at p < 0.05. Mortalities due to all causes, and three specific causes of the global burden of disease (GBD) were used. The three kinds of cause-specific mortalities were: communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions (CMPN), non-communicable disease and injuries. Countries were grouped into four income groups according to the standard issued by World Bank in 2012.
Result
This study suggested general government expenditure on health, as a percentage of total government expenditure, was inversely associated with the three cause-specific mortalities, especially in high income group.
Conclusion: This study showed an inverse association between healthcare expenditure and cause-specific mortalities. The Law of Health Transition has been once again evidenced. In developed countries, non-communicable diseases contributed to more deaths compared with mortality from communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions (CMPN). While in less-developed countries, they were facing higher mortalities; CMPN was still a major cause of death, especially among children.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Cook, Eli. "The Pricing of Progress: Economic Indicators and the Capitalization of American Life." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11060.
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A history of statistical economic indicators in America, this dissertation uncovers the protracted struggle which took place in the nineteenth century over how economic life should be quantified, how social progress should be valued and how American prosperity should be measured. By revealing the historical origins of contemporary indicators such as Gross Domestic Product, and by uncovering the alternative measures that ended up on the losing side of history, this work denaturalizes the seemingly objective nature of modern economic indicators while offering a fresh take on the rise of American capitalism.
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Cruickshank, Samantha Louise. "Developing biodiversity indicators and economic valuations for created grasslands in the UK." Thesis, Aston University, 2016. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/32262/.
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The thesis is an investigation in to a quick and easy means of establishing the ecosystem service provision of a created grassland and applying an economic value to these services. Biodiversity indicators are first explored in a literature review. Common statistical techniques are then employed to identify relevant bio-indicators of created grasslands from first-hand data collected from sourced fieldwork study sites. Economic values of ecosystem service provision in grasslands are then extracted from papers sourced from a systematic review. These values, and their explanatory variables, are modelled to establish variation in economic estimates. Benchmarking figures of goal grassland ecosystem service provision are established based on theory. Crucially, a link between ecological data and economic values is ascertained. This allows an Excel model to be designed allowing users to estimate economic value of grasslands based on on-site recordings of identified bio-indicators.
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Choi, Jeong-Gil. "The Restaurant Industry: Business Cycles, Strategic Financial Practices, Economic Indicators, and Forecasting." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27181.
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The essential characteristic of the future is uncertainty. A basic feature of the economy, and life in general, is that decisions are made under conditions of uncertainty-the future is unknowable. Having reliable guidelines or indicators that provide discipline and signposts to the future is required for the process of successful investing. Conditions are constantly changing, and there are no rewards for replaying the same old game over and over. To answer for this demand, continued from the previous studies (Choi, 1996; Choi et al., 1997a; Choi et al., 1997b; Choi et al., 1999), this study developed the restaurant industry business cycle models and examined financial practices of the high and low performing firms over the industry cycles.
The U.S. restaurant industry demonstrated three cycles (peak to peak or trough to trough) for the period of 1970 through 1998. The restaurant industry peaked in 1973, 1979, and 1989. The industry troughed in 1970, 1974, 1980, and 1991. The mean duration of the restaurant industry cycles is 8 years (SD: 2) calculated by peak to peak and 6.5 years (SD: 2.08) calculated by trough to trough. Expansion takes an average of 6 years in the restaurant industry but declines sharply after it reaches the peak taking average 1.33 years.
The restaurant industry experienced high growth (boom) every five years on average. The troughs of the growth cycles, contrasted to the peaks of the growth cycles, coincided with those of the restaurant industry business cycles in each case except one (1985). During that year a low growth phase interrupted industry business expansion but did not terminate it. Restaurant industry growth cycles, then, tend to be relatively symmetrical: since 1970 the average duration was about 2.25 years for both expansion (L-H) and contraction (H-L). In contrast, the restaurant industry business cycles in the same period show a strong asymmetry: the expansions lasted on the average 6 years; the contractions, 1.33 years. The expansions have varied in duration much more than the high growth phases have (the respective standard deviations are 2.58 and 0.95 years).
This study supports the view that the cyclical fluctuations of the growth of the restaurant industry can be projected by measuring and analyzing series of economic indicators and each economic indicator has specific characteristics in terms of time lags, and thus can be classified into leading, coincident, and lagging indicators. This study formed a set of composite indices with twelve indicators classified in the leading category, six as coincident, and twenty as lagging.
The high performing firms' financial practices regarding investment decisions measured by capital spending, and price earning ratio, and part of financing and dividend decisions measured by market value of common share outstanding are independent of the cyclical fluctuations of the industry cycles. But, their practices regarding dividend decisions measured by the earning per share, investment decision measured by cash flow per share, and financing decisions measured by asset value per share and long term debt level are dependent on the events (Expansion/Contractions) in the Restaurant Industry Cycles. Conclusively, high performers exercise their capital investment (reflected by capital spending) and equity management (reflected by common share outstanding and P/E ratio) independently while being less influenced by the industry swings. They exercise, however, their working capital management (reflected by cash flow per share), earning management (reflected by EPS), asset management, and long term debt management quite dependently while being more influenced by the industry swings.
The financial practices exercised by the low performing firms are independent from the events in the industry cycle. Although some financial practices are related to the events in the industry cycle, the directions are opposite to the events in the industry cycle. Specifically, for all of the selected financial strategies except common share outstanding and long-term debt, the low performers practice them independently from the cyclical fluctuations of the industry cycles. Even for common share outstanding and long-term debt strategies, they practiced their strategies in opposite directions to the events (Expansion/Contractions) in the Restaurant Industry Cycles.
It is expected that the above results can be used for improving investment performance through understanding the cyclical behavior of the economy and the restaurant industry. With that model, investors should be able to take part in the upswings while avoiding the cyclical downturns, and to structure a portfolio that keeps risk to a minimum. This should then presumably result in competitive investment decisions of firms, thereby improving the effectiveness of resource allocation.Ph. D.
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Hayston, Glynn Ernest. "Towards a better understanding of factors influencing social, environmental and economic disclosures." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29763.
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Corporate social and environmental disclosure, later redefined as sustainability disclosure in order to include the third pillar of sustainability (economic), has been the subject or significant research over the past four decades. A major branch of empirical research has specifically focussed on the determinants of disclosure; those factors which correspond with greater breadth and depth of disclosure. Research has traditionally been focussed on the developed world, specifically North America and Western Europe and either addressed social or environmental disclosure in isolation or various hybrids of the two.This research has two aims. Firstly it is an attempt to provide a view of disclosure in Africa, and specifically South Africa, where only minor empirical research has been undertaken. Secondly and crucially, this research attempts to address shortcomings in the existing body of research in that factors have traditionally been analysed for significance with regards to individual sustainability pillars alone, or at the aggregate level. A content analysis technique was employed to score sustainability reports for social, environmental and economic disclosures. An analytical model was then developed and a number of internal and external factors analysed to establish which were significant determinants of the level or extend of disclosure at both the individual pillar level and then compared to the aggregate or overall disclosure.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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AlQurtas, Abdulrahman M. "A New Indicator of Economic Complexity to Guide Industrial Policies." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10637548.
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The Economic Complexity Index (ECI) is an indicator that can be used by countries with undiversified economies to measure the success of their efforts to grow and diversify their exports, in order to sustain their economic development. However, the index is distorted for countries with undiversified economies that are heavily dominated by a few sectors, such as the case of Saudi Arabia with its oil sector. This study leverages lessons from the economic development literature, and focuses on the export-oriented growth in East Asia, and investigates the role of industrial policies that guide and coordinate the government interventions and initiatives. The study applies lessons from the Economic Complexity framework to overcome the limitation in the Economic Complexity Index. The study then utilizes data analysis techniques to develop a modified ECI utilizing a population-adjusted version of the Revealed Comparative Advantage to normalize countries’ exports by their significance, and uses PageRank to capture the product space network information instead of the method of reflection used by ECI which is incompatible with the population-adjusted Revealed Comparative Advantage. The modified ECI can serve as a leading indicator that would allow tracking the success of the economic diversification efforts in countries whose economies are dominated by a few products or sectors, and thereby influence the development of their industrial policies.
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Grigaitė, Sandra. "Lietuvos ekonomikos augimo ir jį atspindinčių makroekonominių rodiklių tarpusavio ryšių analizė ir įvertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080925_115521-03102.
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Šiame darbe nagrinėjama kokie pagrindiniai makroekonominiai rodikliai stipriausiai įtakoja ekonomikos augimą. Ekonomikos augimas čia matuojamas bendrojo vidaus produkto augimu. Teorinėje darbo dalyje analizuojama Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių ekonomikos augimo veiksnių teoriniai ir praktiniai tyrimai. Analitinėje - tiriamojoje dalyje naudojami statistiniai - ekonometriniai (regresijos, elastingumo, koreliacijos koeficientų skaičiavimas, A. Okuno dėsnis), detalizavimo metodai, ekspertų vertinimai ir prognozės. Pasitvirtina autoriaus suformuluota fipotezė apie tai, kad A.Okuno dėsnis susiejantis nedarbo lygį su BVP praradimu Lietuvos ūkio sąlygomis 2001 – 2007 m. įgyja kitą santykį nei 1:2,5. Atliekant tyrimą naudoti statistiniai duomenys, paimti iš Lietuvos statistikos departamento, Lietuvos laisvosios rinkos instituto, komercinių bankų ūkio apžvalgų, Europos statistikos departamento, Lietuvos vyriausybės, finansų, ūkio ministerijų.In this study is analyzed which macroeconomic indicators stronger influence economic growth. Economic growth is realized as the growth of the gross domestic product. In the first part of this study are analyzed practical and theoretical researches of the factors of economic growth of Lithuanian and foreign authors. In the analytic part of the study there is used statistical – econometrical (regression, elasticity, corral, method of Okun), methods of detail, evaluation of expert. There is confirmed the hypothesis, that the method of Okun in period of 2001 – 2007 years gets another relation than 1: 2,5. There is used statistical data which is used from Department of Lithuanian Statistics, Lithuanian Free Market Institute, commercial banks annual reports, Euro stat, Lithuanian government and ministers.
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Šinkūnaitė, Ingrida. "Mokesčių ir subsidijų įtaka ūkių ekonominiam gyvybingumuui." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130621_132507-79553.
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SANTRAUKA
Ingrida ŠINKŪNAITĖ
Mokesčių ir subsidijų įtaka ūkių ekonominiam gyvybingumui
Magistrantūros studijų baigiamasis darbas, 60 puslapių, 46 paveikslai, 16 lentelių, 73 literatūros šaltiniai, 16 priedų, lietuvių kalba.
RAKTINIAI ŽODŽIAI: ekonominis gyvybingumas, žemės ūkis, finansinė analizė, gamybos subsidijos, žemės ūkio mokesčiai, ūkininko ūkis.
Tyrimo objektas – mokesčių ir subsidijų įtaka ūkio ekonominiam gyvybingumui.
Tyrimo tikslas – nustačius veiksnius, sukurti mokesčių ir subsidijų įtakos ūkio ekonominiam gyvybingumui vertinimo metodiką ir įvertinti mokesčių ir subsidijų įtaką ūkio ekonominiam gyvybingumui.
Tyrimo tikslui pasiekti keliami tokie uždaviniai:
• Apibūdinti ūkį ir išanalizuoti S. Šinkūno ūkio finansinę būklę.
• Apibrėžti tyrimui naudojamą – ekonominio gyvybingumo sampratą ir jį lemiančius veiksnius.
• Sudaryti metodiką subsidijų ir mokesčių įtakos ūkio ekonominiam gyvybingumui vertinimui.
• Nustatyti mokesčių ir subsidijų įtaką ūkių ekonominiam gyvybingumui.
Tyrimo metodai – literatūros analizė, lyginamoji, sisteminė, loginė ir analitinė analizė, santykinių rodiklių analizė, grafinis duomenų vaizdavimo būdas bei statistinės analizės metodai.
Tyrimo rezultatai. Pirmoje darbo dalyje išanalizuotas S. Šinkūno ūkis, pateikti pelningumo rodikliai ir nustatyta tyrimo problema. Antroje darbo dalyje atlikta įvairių autorių ekonominio gyvybingumo sampratos interpretacijų analizė, išskirti lemiantys veiksniai. Išanalizavus mokslinę literatūrą sudaryta... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]SUMMARY Ingrida ŠINKŪNAITĖ Influence of Taxes and Subsidies on the Economic Viability of Farms Final work of University Master Studies consists of 60 pages, 16 tables, 46 figures, 71 references, 16 appendices, in Lithuanian. KEY WORDS: economic viability, evaluation of the eco¬nomic viability, financial indicators, agriculture. The object of research – influence of taxes and subsidies on the economic viability of farms. The purpose of the study is to analyze the theoretical background of tax, to explore the problems of labor income and profit tax, to define how taxes and subsidies affect the economic viability of a farm and recommend the suggestions for the development. The objectives defined in the theses are to describe and analyze the financial situation of S. Šinkūnas farm, to define the concept of economic viability and its determinants, to develop and use a methodology for the assessment of the influence of subsidies and taxes on the economic viability of a farm, to show trends and make comparison of the farms. The methods used in the research are analysis of literature, comparative, systematic, logical and analytical analysis, analysis of relative indexes, graphical data display, statistical analysis. Research results: In the first part of the study S. Šinkūnas farm is investigated. The profitability indicators are presented and the research problem is defined. The second part of the thesis provides the analysis of various authors’ interpretations of the economic... [to full text]
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Yang, Peihong. "Does institution rule over human capital? : evidence from China /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ECON%202009%20YANG.
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Benni, Federica <1979>. "Costruzione di un indicatore coincidente per l'analisi del ciclo economico regionale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/167/1/TESI__benni.pdf.
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