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GarciÌa-Peñalosa, Cecilia. "Distribution and growth : essays on human capital, R&D and skill differentials." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294213.
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Alcobia, João André Ferreira. "Functional and interpersonal distribution of income and economic growth in Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16383.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraO objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é estudar a relação de longo prazo entre a distribuição funcional e interpessoal do rendimento e o crescimento do PIB em Portugal para o período entre 1985 e 2016. O modelo econométrico escolhido é ARDL-bounds test. Há evidências de que a transferência de rendimento do fator capital para o fator trabalho tem efeitos positivos no crescimento de longo prazo de Portugal. O aumento nos rendimentos de topo (TOP 0,01%) também tem efeitos positivos, mas menores no crescimento de longo prazo. As razões invocadas para o aumento do peso do profit share são essencialmente as mesmas que o aumento dos rendimentos de topo. Conclui-se que os governos devem concentrar-se em medidas para aumentar o wage share e, consequentemente, propiciarão a aceleração do crescimento económico de longo prazo.
The objective of this master's thesis is to study the long-term relationship between the interpersonal and functional distribution of income and GDP growth in Portugal for the period between 1985 and 2016.The econometric model chosen is the ARDL-bounds test.There is evidence that the transfer of income from the capital to the labor factor has positive effects on the long term growth of Portugal. The increase in top yields (TOP 0,01%) also have positive but smaller effects.As the reasons given for the increase in the weight of profit share are essentially the same as the increase in top income, it is concluded that governments should be focused on measures to increase wage share and consequently reduce income inequality, having positive long-term economic growth effects.
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Edwards, Will. "Do Increases in Labor Productivity Still Drive Wage Growth?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2025.
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The rise of earnings inequality in the United States has garnered attention in both the political and academic spheres. Recently progressive politicians have pointed towards the divergence of wages and labor productivity as a source of this inequality. known as the productivity-pay gap as a source of the rise in inequality. This paper analyzes that divergence with a regression model that evaluates the change in compensation that is attributable to increases in productivity. Results were somewhat surprising with productivity accounting for a larger portion of the growth in wages for the period after 1972 when the divergence in the two growth rates began than in the time between 1948 and 1972 when they were said to grow together. Additionally, results showed more wage growth was attributable to increases in productivity in goods producing sectors like manufacturing, utilities, and construction than financial intermediation in the services sector. However standard errors across our model were relatively large making it difficult to say with certainty the size of effects observed. Future research should seek to better define productivity in the service sector to determine whether other factors like education, occupation or area of residence affect the level of wage growth attributable to compensation.
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Souen, Jacqueline Aslan 1965. "A política do salário mínimo no governo Lula." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286108.
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Orientador: Anselmo Luís dos SantosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: A partir de uma retrospectiva histórica da trajetória do salário mínimo no Brasil, observamos que, com exceção do período compreendido entre 1951 e início da década de 1960 - pré-golpe de 64 -, ocorreram recorrentes perdas do seu poder aquisitivo. Na fase recente, ainda que o movimento favorável do piso mínimo tenha dado o primeiro sinal já em 1993 e efetivamente iniciado em 1995, com a consolidação do Plano Real e a estabilização da moeda, foi no pós 2003 que se inaugurou uma fase particularmente distinta. A subida ao poder de um governo com estreita ligação junto ao movimento sindical e mais aberto ao diálogo e às reivindicações das centrais sindicais, a inflação relativamente controlada e a reativação da economia, em 2004, foram condições essenciais para a mudança na forma de conduzir a questão. No início do novo governo ainda era forte o discurso contrário aos mecanismos de regulação e proteção do trabalho, em especial do salário mínimo. Apontavam-se os impactos indesejados sobre as contas públicas, além de possíveis efeitos inflacionários, e crescimento do desemprego e informalidade. Contudo, havia um crescente debate de oposição a esse discurso, o qual indicava o fraco desempenho econômico como um dos principais obstáculos a uma efetiva política de recuperação do poder de compra do mínimo. Argumentava-se a necessidade de criar condições para a retomada do crescimento da economia, emprego e renda, modificando a estratégia de condução da política macroeconômica, abrindo caminho para uma maior formalização do mercado de trabalho, aumento da massa salarial, e elevação da arrecadação previdenciária e das contribuições sociais, reduzindo, assim, os possíveis constrangimentos de uma política consistente de recuperação do salário mínimo. Tal interpretação foi reforçada pelas principais Centrais Sindicais, as quais se organizaram num movimento unitário em 2004, reivindicando a urgência de um critério permanente de valorização do piso nacional. O objetivo do presente trabalho é fazer uma análise da evolução da política de valorização do salário mínimo neste contexto da retomada da atividade econômica, no governo Lula, bem como avaliar seus impactos para uma grande maioria de trabalhadores, sobretudo aqueles da base da pirâmide social, com rendimentos muito próximos do piso mínimo
Abstract: From a historical trajectory of the minimum wage in Brazil, it is observed that, except for the period between 1951 and the early 1960s - before the 64 coup d'état - recurring losses of the purchasing power occurred. Recently, although the movement in favor of the minimum wage gave its first sign back in 1993 - and actually started in 1995, with the consolidation of the Real Plan and the stabilization of the currency - it was after 2003 that a particularly distinct period was inaugurated. The rise to power of a government closely linked to the union movement, and more open to dialogue and the demands of the unions, the relatively controlled inflation and the reactivation of the economy, in 2004, were essential conditions for the change on the way of leading the issue. At the beginning of the new government the speech contrary to the mechanisms of regulation and protection of labor was still strong, particularly concerning the minimum wage. The undesired impacts on public accounts were pointed out, as well as possible inflationary effects and increasing unemployment and informality. However, there was a growing debate in opposition to this discourse, which indicated the poor economic performance as one of the main obstacles to an effective recovery policy of the minimum wage purchasing power. They argued the need of creating conditions for the resumption of economic, employment and income growth, by changing the strategy of macroeconomic policy, clearing the way for a greater formalization of the labor market, increased wages, and raising funds for the pension system and social contributions, thus reducing the possible constraints of a consistent minimum wage recovery policy. Such interpretation was reinforced by the major Central Trade Unions, which organized a unitary movement in 2004, claiming the urgency of a permanent recovery criterion of the national wage floor. The aim of this study is to analyze the evolution of the policy of valuing the minimum wage in this context of renewed economic activity, under Lula government, and assess its impacts on a large majority of workers, especially those from the base of the social pyramid, with incomes very close to the minimum wage
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Oliveira, Ana Isabel Moura Frias de. "O aumento da quota salarial em Portugal : que efeitos?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6350.
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Mestrado em EconomiaDesde o final dos anos 80, a quota salarial tem vindo a diminuir na maioria dos países desenvolvidos. Ao contrário das expectativas neoclássicas e os seus fundamentos teóricos, esta tendência não se tem traduzido em forte crescimento económico nem no aumento do emprego. Estando sob um programa de consolidação orçamental, Portugal enfrenta, há mais de dois anos, uma profunda recessão económica e um empobrecimento generalizado da população. A conjuntura económica, o baixo nível salarial e a elevada desigualdade na distribuição do rendimento exigem, no curto prazo, políticas que aumentem os rendimentos do trabalho e dinamizem o consumo e o mercado interno. Embora o aumento do consumo não seja sustentável no longo-prazo sem o reforço da produção e do investimento produtivo, deverá ser o ponto de partida para uma rápida recuperação económica. Utilizando a metodologia proposta por autores pós-keynesianos, a presente dissertação pretende provar que o aumento marginal da quota salarial tem efeitos positivos do PIB Português.
The wage share has been decreasing in most of developed countries since the late 80’s. Against the neoclassical beliefs and its theoretical background, this trend has not been translated into strong economic growth nor higher employment. Under a fiscal consolidation programme, Portugal has faced economic recession and generalized impoverishment for more than two years. The economic developments in the country, along with low wage level and high inequality in income distribution, demand short-run policies which increase workers’ income and foster consumption and the internal market. Although an increase in consumption cannot be sustainable in long-run without an enhancement of production and productive investment, it should be the root for economic recovery in the short-run. Using the methodology proposed by post-keynesian authors, this dissertation aims to prove that a marginal increase in wage share has positive effects on Portuguese GDP.
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Schneider, Eric B. "Studies in historical living standards and health : integrating the household and children into historical measures of living standards and health." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f2e55a37-c605-4aba-8a2e-3d699c6b82b7.
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This dissertation attempts to integrate the household and children more fluidly into measures of well-being in the past. In part one, I develop a Monte Carlo simulation to test some of the assumptions of Allen’s welfare ratio methodology. These included his assumptions that family size was constant over time, that there were no female-headed households and that women and children did not participate in the labour force. After all of the adjustments, it appears that Allen’s welfare ratios underestimate the welfare ratios of a demographically representative group of families, especially if women and children’s labour force participation is included. However, the predicted distributions also highlight the struggles of agricultural labourers, who are given separate consideration. Even the average agricultural labourers’ family with women and children working would have had to rely of self- provisioning, gleaning, poor relief or the extension of the working year to make ends meet at the poorest point in their family life cycle. Part two adjusts Floud et al.’s estimates of calorie availability in the English economy from 1700 to 1909 for the costs of digestion, pregnancy and lactation. Taken together, these three additional costs reduced the amount calories available by around 15 per cent in 1700 but only by 5 per cent in 1909 because of the changing composition of the English diet. Part three presents a new adaptive framework for studying changes in children’s growth patterns over time and a new methodology, longitudinal growth studies, for measuring gender disparities in health in the past. An adaptive framework for understanding growth provides a more parsimonious explanation for the vast catch-up growth achieved by slave children in the antebellum American South. The slave children were only able to achieve this catch-up growth because they were programmed for a tall height trajectory by relatively good conditions in utero. Finally, impoverished girls experienced greater catch-up growth than boys in two schools in late-nineteenth century Boston, USA and early-twentieth century London, suggesting that girls were deprived relative to boys before entering these institutions.
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Boula-Luap, Chantal. "Salaire minimum, inégalités salariales et croissance économique : le cas des Départements Français d’Amérique." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0145/document.
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Ce travail constitué de trois chapitres cherche à analyser l’impact du salaire minimum sur l’économie des départements français d’Amérique en se limitant aux effets sur la distribution des revenus et la croissance économique.Dans le premier chapitre, l’accent est mis sur les inégalités salariales telles qu’elles existent aux Antilles-Guyane, en comparaison avec la situation en France métropolitaine. Les inégalités de revenus restent fortes entre les catégories socioprofessionnelles dans les DFA. Le salaire moyen de l’ensemble des salariés de France métropolitaine est supérieur à celui des DFA.Le second chapitre présente tout d’abord les aspects historiques et réglementaires qui caractérisent le salaire minimum français et celui d’autres pays d’Europe. Le SMIC se classe en quatrième position parmi les salaires minimum les plus élevés d’Europe, et la France, le pays développé comptant la plus forte proportion de salariés au SMIC. Dans les Départements Français d’Amérique, les salariés payés au SMIC, bien plus nombreux en proportion qu’au niveau national, sont le plus souvent des femmes, des jeunes, des personnes peu qualifiées occupant un emploi à temps partiel dans les secteurs des services et du commerce. Il met également en évidence les effets du salaire minimum et de ses revalorisations sur la formation des salaires et le coût du travail. Les effets de diffusion du SMIC sont faibles et temporaires, variant de 0,1 à 0,2% tant en approche macroéconomique que microéconomique. Les hausses du SMIC entraînent une augmentation du coût du travail pour partie compensée par les allègements de charges octroyés aux entreprises.Le troisième chapitre contribue à la mise en lumière des interactions entre le salaire minimum, la croissance économique et la pauvreté dans la société Antillo-guyanaise. Il s’avère que le dynamisme de l’économie insulaire est loin d’avoir gommé tous les écarts de niveau de vie entre les DFA et la France métropolitaine, malgré l’alignement du salaire minimum et des prestations diverses. La simulation sur les données de l’enquête Budget de famille 2006 montre que la proportion de salariés au SMIC est faible dans le bas de l’échelle des revenus. Ces salariés sont répartis sur l’ensemble de l’échelle des niveaux de vie. Le SMIC occupe une place relativement importante dans le revenu disponible des ménages, y compris dans le haut de l’échelle des revenus.En conclusion, le niveau élevé du salaire minimum dans les départements français d’Amérique conduit au maintien d’un grand nombre de salariés payés au voisinage du SMIC. En dépit des allègements de cotisations sociales abaissant le coût du SMIC, les départements d’outre-mer demeurent des régions fortement touchées par le chômage et la pauvreté. De plus, les inégalités salariales se sont accrues entre les individus les plus modestes et les plus aisés de ces régions. La montée du chômage est un facteur aggravant de cet accroissement des inégalités. Si en effet, les résultats de notre étude permettent d’affirmer que le SMIC n’est pas le meilleur instrument pour lutter contre les inégalités salariales et la pauvreté, ils soulèvent en même temps la question d’un SMIC DOM en lien avec les conditions et capacités réelles des économies ultramarinesThis work consists of three parts seeking to analyze the impact of minimum wages on the French departments of America's economy by limiting the effects on the distribution of incomes and economic growth.In the first chapter, the focus is an overview of income inequality as they exist in the Antilles and Guiana, in comparison with the situation in France. Income inequalities remain high between occupational groups in the DFA. The average salary of all employees in mainland France is higher than the DFAThe second chapter first presents the historical and regulatory aspects that characterize the French minimum wage and that of other European countries. SMIC is the fourth highest minimum wage in Europe, and France developed country with the highest proportion of employees the minimum wage. In the French Departments of America, employees paid the minimum wage, many more in proportion than at national level, are most often women, youth, low-skilled people employed part-time in the service sectors and trade. It also highlights the impact of the minimum wage and its revaluation on the formation of wages and labor costs. SMIC diffusion effects are small and temporary, varying from 0.1 to 0.2% in both macroeconomic and microeconomic approach. The increases in the minimum wage lead to higher labor costs partly offset by expense reductions granted to companies. The third chapter contributes to highlighting the interaction between the minimum wage, economic growth and poverty in the Antillean-Guyanese society. It turns out that the dynamism of the island economy has all but erased all living differentials between overseas departments and metropolitan France, despite the alignment of the minimum wage and various benefits. The simulation on data from the 2006 survey of “Budget of families” shows that the proportion of employees with the minimum wage is low in the bottom of the income scale. These employees are spread over the entire scale of living. SMIC has an important place in household disposable income, including the top of the income scale.In conclusion, the high level of the minimum wage in the French departments of America led to the maintenance of a large number of employees paid near the minimum wage. Despite cuts in social security contributions lowering the cost of SMIC, departments remain areas with high unemployment and poverty. Moreover, wage inequality increased between the poorest and the wealthiest individuals in these areas. Rising unemployment is an aggravating factor of the increase in inequality. Since the results of our study make it possible to affirm SMIC is not the best tool to fight again wage inequalities and poverty, they also raise the question of a SMIC DOM linked with the real conditions and capacities of the overseas economies
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Sanzenbacher, Geoffrey Todd. "Essays in Labor Economics." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1838.
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Thesis advisor: Shannon SeitzIssues pertaining to low income workers are of the upmost interest to policy makers. In the mid 1990s, the issue of welfare recipients and work was at the forefront of public policy, as the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 was passed. One of the many goals of the policy was to "end the dependence of needy families on government benefits" by encouraging work and ultimately higher wages. The first paper of my dissertation explores the processes by which work leads to wage growth for welfare recipients. I find that welfare recipients have similar returns to tenure and experience as non-recipients and that tenure has higher returns than experience for these women. Because of this, policies that discourage leaving work, like a work requirement, are more effective encouraging wage growth than policies discouraging welfare use, like a time-limit. A decade later, the low savings rates of low income workers has led policy makers within the Obama administration to consider making Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) available to all workers. The second paper of this dissertation examines how likely low individual workers are to participate in these plans. We find that low-income workers not currently offered voluntary retirement savings plans are less likely to participate than those currently offered those plans. The paper indicates policy makers should be wary of basing estimates of participation in the offered IRAs on current participation, as this may overestimate the participation rate by up to 25 percent
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
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Khan, Salman H. "Poverty in Pakistan : a nutritional, health, and social income perspective." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391072.
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Ortega, DiÌaz Araceli. "Income inequality and economic growth in Mexico." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398617.
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Rezai, Armon, Lance Taylor, and Duncan K. Foley. "Economic Growth, Income Distribution, and Climate Change." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5831/1/WP_17.pdf.
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We present a model based on Keynesian aggregate demand and labor productivity growth to study how climate damage affects the long-run evolution of the economy. Climate change induced by greenhouse gas lowers profitability, reducing investment and cutting output in the short and long runs. Short-run employment falls due to deficient demand. In the long run productivity growth is slower, lowering potential income levels. Climate policy can increase incomes and employment in the short and long runs while a continuation of business-as-usual leads to a dystopian income distribution with affluence for few and high levels of unemployment for the rest.Series: Ecological Economic Papers
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Ismail, Abdullahi Abdi, and Muna Muse. "The effects of Income Inequality on Economic Growth." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29334.
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The effect of income inequality has been controversial issue for decades, which researchers have concluded conflicting results. Many researchers have found that income inequality is conducive on economic growth, while others found harmful effect. Hence, this paper investigates the impact of income inequality on economic growth by using the cross sectional analysis. The averaged data from periods of 2002-2006 were used and observations from 90 developed and developing countries were also used. We find that income inequality is negatively associated in economic growth.
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Jamal, Mahmoud, and Omar Sayal. "The Puzzle between Economic Growth and Income Inequality." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-23650.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the correlation between income inequality and economic growth in a cross-section of 90 countries from 2002 to 2006. The controversial Kuznets Hypothesis, the economic model that hypothesizes the relationship between inequality and per capita income is an inverted U-shaped curve, is scrutinized and investigated to consider its viability and accuracy. A multiple linear regression model is estimated and the viability of the regression model is supported by several statistical tests. Based on the estimated model, a negative correlation between growth and inequality has been found.
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Amarante, Veronica. "Income Inequality and Economic Growth in Latin America." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506832.
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The relationship between income inequality and economic growth has generated a strong controversy both on theoretical and empirical grounds. This research reviews the theoretical literature on the links between inequality and growth, and summarizes the existing empirical evidence. It also provides new evidence for the world and, specifically, for Latin American countries. This evidence is based on macro data and a on the use of variety of econometric techniques. One of the links stressed by the economic literature, related to fertility behavior, is analyzed in depth. The study of fertility and its relation with inequality and economic growth is undertaken both at the aggregate level, based on macro data for Latin American countries, and at a country level. Country level analysis is based on micro data for a middle income country of the region, Uruguay, and is undertaken using micro simulation techniques.
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Nishiyama, Akira. "Essays on the empirics of economic growth." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251745.
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Voitchovsky, Sarah. "Inequality and growth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670079.
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Chung, Chang-kun. "Income distribution and economic growth : the case of Korea." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9905.
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Stewart, Ross King. "Income Inequality and Economic Growth: The Case of India." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117362.
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L'entorn econòmic de l'Índia ha canviat significativament a partir de la seva independència de Gran Bretanya l'any 1947. Després de més de tres dècades de creixement econòmic mediocre, els 80 va marcar el començament d'una nova etapa d'altes taxes de creixement econòmic a partir de noves polítiques econòmiques més orientades a una més competitiva economia de mercat. Tot i la millora en taxes de creixement, aquest model de creixement es basava en gran mesura en un gran protagonisme per part de la despesa pública, el que va precipitar la crisi financera de 1991. Com a resultat d'aquesta crisi i l'assistència proporcionada pel FMI, es van introduir reformes desreguladores i liberalitzadores. La dècada dels 90 va ser acompanyada de taxes de creixement encara més altes que la dècada anterior. En la dècada més recent, els 2000, l'obertura estable de l'economia Índia ha permès taxes de creixement més altes que en les dècades anteriors. Desafortunadament, aquest gran creixement econòmic ha anat acompanyat amb un augment important dels nivells de desigualtat d'ingrés durant aquest mateix període, tant a nivell nacional com entre els estats que formen part de l'Índia. Aquesta tesi es concentra en l'estudi de la relació entre creixement econòmic i desigualtat de l'ingrés, tant a nivell nacional com entre els estats. Aquest projecte de recerca també inclou cobertura exhaustiva respecte a l'evolució d'altres variables macroeconòmiques als dos nivells: nacional i inter-estatal.El entorno económico de la India ha cambiado significativamente a partir de su independencia de Gran Bretaña en el año 1947. Después de más de tres décadas de crecimiento económico mediocre, los 80 marcó el comienzo de una nueva etapa de altas tasas de crecimiento económico a partir de nuevas políticas económicas más orientadas a una más competitiva economía de mercado. A pesar de la mejora en tasas de crecimiento, dicho modelo de crecimiento se basaba en gran medida en un gran protagonismo por parte del gasto público, lo que precipitó la crisis financiera de 1991. Como resultado de dicha crisis, y la asistencia proporcionada por el FMI se introdujeron reformas desreguladoras y liberalizadoras. La década de los 90 fue acompañada de tasas de crecimiento aún más altas que la década anterior. En la década más reciente, los 2000, la apertura estable de la economía India ha permitido tasas de crecimiento más altas que en las décadas anteriores. Desafortunadamente, este gran crecimiento económico ha ido acompañado con un aumento importante de los niveles de desigualdad de ingreso durante este mismo periodo, tanto a nivel nacional como entre los estados que forman parte de la India. Esta tesis se concentra en el estudio de la relación entre crecimiento económico y desigualdad del ingreso, tanto a nivel nacional como entre los estados. Dicho proyecto de investigación también incluye cobertura exhaustiva con respecto a la evolución de otras variables macroeconómicas a los dos niveles: nacional e inter-estatal.
India’s economic climate has experienced significant change since its independence from Great Britain in 1947. After more than three decades of mediocre economic growth, the 1980s ushered in a new era of accelerated growth rates by way of promoting a more efficient pro-business model. Despite the improvement in growth rates, the 1980s were fueled by over zealous public spending, precipitating the well-known financial crisis in 1991. As a result of the crisis, and the IMF supplied aid contingent on the introduction of gradual deregulatory reforms of the Indian economy, the 1990s brought about even greater economic growth rates than the previous decade. Into the 2000s, India’s continued and steady opening has afforded even further acceleration in growth rates. Despite these positive developments in the Indian economy, the unfortunate truth is that income inequality has likewise been increasing over this same period, most notably across the states. This dissertation endeavors to apply the established macroeconomic field dedicated to the study of income inequality’s effect on economic growth to the case of India, both at the national level and even more critically at the state level. Our research also includes exhaustive coverage regarding the evolution of other relevant macroeconomic variables across states, as well as nationally.
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Sarkar, Jayanta. "Essays on endogenous lifetime, economic growth and income inequality." Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3213460.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Economics)--S.M.U.Title from PDF title page (viewed July 13, 2007). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-03, Section: A, page: 1029. Adviser: Thomas Osang. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kim, Woo-Jin. "Economic growth, low income and housing in S. Korea." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1620/.
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When S.Korea was liberated from Japan and soon partitioned between the South and the North in 1945, she was one of the world's poorest countries. The Korean War (1950-1953) had a profound impact on S.Korean society. Hunger became even more routine and famine very common. After the military revolution in 1960 onwards the S.Korean government consistently continued a "growth-first approach" to promote rapid economic development which could then generate resources to raise the living standards of those on low incomes, rather than a selective and targeted approach which involved extensive public action to improve the circumstances of destitute people. Since this time S.Korea began to be counted as a rapidly industrialising country. In 1960, about 65.9 per cent of the labour force in S.Korea was engaged in agriculture and a mere 9.2 per cent in the mining, manufacturing and construction sectors. In 1990, only 19.5 per cent of the labour force was engaged in agriculture and 34.7 per cent in the mining, manufacturing and construction sectors. Even in industry, the structure of the industry has changed from labour-intensive industry, such as textiles and shoes, to capital and skill-intensive industry, such as shipbuilding, automobiles and electronics. In 1960, the urban share of total population was 28.0 per cent. This figure grew to 74.4 per cent in 1990. All these were accompanied by changes in occupation, social class, even the way of life. Even within the house itself, the change in the use of fuel from timber to gas and electricity was accompanied by a dramatic change in the design and structure of housing.
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Silva, Janaina Cabral da. "Essays on Poverty, Income inequality and Economic Growth in Brazil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14162.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorEsta dissertaÃÃo à composta de trÃs artigos, sendo que cada um se torna um capÃtulo. No primeiro capÃtulo intitulado âRelaÃÃo entre Desigualdade de Renda e Crescimento EconÃmico no Brasilâ analisa-se esta relaÃÃo a partir da hipÃtese do U-invertido de Kuznets no perÃodo de 1995 a 2012. A suposiÃÃo do U-invertido â hipÃtese de Kuznets (1955) â alude, no curto prazo, que hà uma conexÃo positiva entre a desigualdade de renda e o nÃvel de renda per capita. Jà no longo prazo, percebe-se uma relaÃÃo de U-invertido, pois hà uma inversÃo desta relaÃÃo. Para tanto, utiliza-se um modelo de estimaÃÃo para dados em painel dinÃmico e o mÃtodo de estimaÃÃo empregado à o dos Momentos Generalizado-sistema (MMG-sistema), desenvolvido por Arellano-Bond (1991), Arellano-Bover (1995) e Blundell e Bond (1998). Dentre outros resultados, conclui-se que a hipÃtese de Kuznets à confirmada nos Estados brasileiros. Fundamentando-se nas teorias que procuram relacionar pobreza, desigualdade, crescimento econÃmico e bem estar, o capÃtulo dois tem por objetivo decompor a variaÃÃo da pobreza, baseando-se nos seguintes fatores: efeito tendÃncia, efeito crescimento, efeito desigualdade e efeito residual, para os estados brasileiros entre 2001 e 2012. Para isso, partiu-se da estimaÃÃo de um modelo estatÃstico com dados em painel, utilizando as variÃveis pobreza, renda familiar per capita e o coeficiente de Gini, extraÃdas da PNAD. Os resultados estimados do modelo permitem inferir que na maior parte dos estados, o efeito crescimento se sobressaiu em relaÃÃo aos demais em se tratando da explicaÃÃo da reduÃÃo da pobreza no perÃodo analisado. NÃo obstante, o efeito distribuiÃÃo tambÃm teve sua importÃncia nesse processo, seguido do efeito tendÃncia. PorÃm, o efeito residual foi de pouca relevÃncia. Assim, finalizando este trabalho, no capÃtulo trÃs realiza-se uma anÃlise da pobreza de tempo para o Brasil, tendo por parÃmetro o uso da alocaÃÃo do tempo como um indicador de bem estar, em que a pobreza de tempo à mensurada adaptando as medidas de pobreza de renda da classe Foster, Greer e Thorbecke (1984) â FGT, especificamente para a pobreza de tempo, utilizando como indicadores a proporÃÃo de pobres de tempo ( ), o hiato de pobreza de tempo que mede a sua intensidade ( ) e o hiato de pobreza de tempo ao quadrado que mensura sua severidade ( ). Com isso, parte-se da estimaÃÃo de um modelo estatÃstico com dados em painel, utilizando as variÃveis ârendimentos de todos os trabalhosâ, âidadeâ, âanos mÃdios de estudoâ para explicar a pobreza de tempo nos estados brasileiros. Os resultados encontrados indicam que havendo uma elevaÃÃo nos rendimentos, diminui-se a pobreza de tempo; quanto mais elevada for a idade do indivÃduo, maior a chance de ser pobre de tempo; e quanto maior o nÃvel de escolaridade das pessoas, maior serà sua privaÃÃo de tempo em detrimento aos de menor escolaridade.
This dissertation is composed by 3 papers which, where each paper is a dissertation chapter. This first chapter entitled âRelationship between wealth inequality and economic growth in Brazilâ analyses the relationship from Kuznets inverted U hypothesis from 1995 to 2012. The inverted U supposition â Kuznets hypothesis (1955) â deals, in short term, exists a positive connection among wealth inequality and the per capita income level. In the long term, we observe a inverted U relationship, because there is a inversion of this relation. Thus, we use dynamic panel model and the Generalized method of moments system estimation method, developed by Arellano-Bond (1991), Arellano-Bover(1995) and Blundell e Bond (1998). The results show that the Kuznets hypothesis was confirmed. Based in the theories which seek relates poverty, inequality, economic growth and welfare, the chapter two aims to decompose the poverty variation, basing in the following factors: trend effect, growth effect, inequality effect and residual effect, for Brazilian states between 2001 and 2012. To reach this objective, we estimated a statistic model with panel data, using poverty variables, per capita familiar income and gini coefficient, extracted from PNAD. The results estimated allow to infer which in the most of Brazilian states, the growth effect stood out in relation to another effects regarding the explanation of poverty reduction in the period analyzed. Nonetheless, the distribution effect too had its importance in this process, followed by trend effect. However, the residual effect had low explanation power. Thus, finishing this dissertation, the chapter three analyses the poverty time for Brazil, using indicators as ratio of poor in time ( ), the time poverty gap, which measures its intensity ( ) and the squared poverty time, who measures its severity ( ). Then, from estimation of statistical model with panel data, using the variables âall labor incomeâ, âageâ, average years of study to explain the poverty time in the Brazilian states. The results indicate the a increase in the income have been occurring, reducing the poverty in time; how much higher is the individual age, higher the chance of they being poverty in time; and, higher education level of people, greater their privation of time in comparison to people with lower education level.
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Pereira-Mendes, Vivaldo M. "Knowledge and increasing returns in recent economic growth." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262718.
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Cerra, Valerie. "Essays on growth, human capital, and income distribution /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7431.
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Shao, Liang Frank. "Two Essays on the Correlation between Economic Growth and Income Inequality." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/555.
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“Skills, Occupation Inequality and Development” is a theoretical study. There is no general agreement about how income inequality will affect development in the long run. Classic growth models show that income inequality is beneficial to development due to agent’s heterogeneity and marginal propensity to save increasing with wealth. Neoclassical growth models present that income distribution plays no significant role on development assuming representative agents and decreasing marginal returns in investment. New classical growth theory demonstrates that income inequality impedes growth due to credit constraints and indivisibility of investment in human capital. This paper studies income inequality through the channel of complementary skills and occupations in aggregate production. In a new classical model economy with two complementary occupations, CES production technology, skills in utility, and uncertainty of completing high-skilled occupations, we find a continuum of equilibria denoted by a correspondence between aggregate capital stock and the low-skilled population share regardless of the distribution in initial endowments. Aggregate capital stock and aggregate income per capita are non-monotonically related to the low-skilled population share. Aggregate income per capita will be maximized at a certain distribution of occupations on the continuum of equilibria. Therefore, the correlation between development and inequality of occupation distribution can be both positive and negative which depends on the position of occupation division on the continuum of equilibria. The correlation between low skills and occupation inequality is monotonic within a country, but the correlation is opposite between developed and developing economies. The low skills will move up on the continuum of equilibria if the occupation inequality is smaller (larger) in developed (developing) economies. The study also shows that inequality of the occupation distribution plays different effects in developed economies from those in developing economies due to the assumption that skills affect the completion of occupations. Developing economies also present two patterns of equilibria, in which one has higher optimum inequality of occupations, another one has lower optimum inequality of occupations. The cause of two patterns of equilibria for developing economies comes from the assumption of Cobb-Douglas production function. Shifts of equilibrium lead to new levels of development due to a change of inequality in other characteristics of the economy. “Fair Division of Income Distribution, Development and Growth: Evidence from a Panel of Countries” is an empirical exercise. I use an unbalanced panel data to explore the correlation between aggregate income per capita and income inequality. A lot of studies document controversial results using the Gini index or other summary measurements of income inequality. I measure income inequality by the two dimensions of a point on the Lorenz Curve, where the Lorenz curve has unit slope. It is called fair division point, which involves the fair population share and the fair income share. The difference between the fair population share and the fair income share approximates the Gini index of an income distribution. My analysis shows that a country’s low income population relatively decreases (the fair population share drops slightly) as the economy grows; and at the same time, those low income households are relatively worse off (the fair income share falls even though the GDP per capita increases). Inversely, as an economy becomes rich, there are more low income households (the fair population share increases), but those low income households are better off (the fair income share goes up and GDP per capita increases as well). Overall, both the Gini index and the difference between the fair population share and the fair income share have been increasing during the last half century in the panel of countries. Therefore, income inequality increases as an economy is getting richer. The analysis presents strong evidence for optimum income inequality regarding both the aggregate productivity and the growth rate of GDP, where income inequality is measured by either the Gini index or the fair division shares. But no evidence has been found for the Kuznets’ hypothesis. Both high and low inequality of income distribution could harm an economy as we compare with its potential optimum inequality. Also developed economies show different optimum inequality from that in developing economies, and there is the growth-worst fair population share that results in the lowest growth in developed economies. Measurement of income inequality matters on its economic effects for the subsamples of the panel data.
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Chen, Wencong. "The effects of income inequality on economic growth : evidence from China." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.761043.
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This thesis examines the effects income inequality has on economic growth, drawing on data from China. It focuses on two related questions: whether income inequality is harmful to economic growth and, if so, why. The first empirical chapter uses a newly-developed panel dataset at the province level to examine the long-run impact of income inequality on economic growth, addressing the problem of spurious regression that affects much of the existing literature. The empirical results indicate that the long-run effect of income inequality on economic growth is non-linear: while income inequality exerts a positive impact on economic growth for rich provinces, it is harmful to economic growth for poor regions. The second empirical chapter provides mathematical and empirical evidence that demonstrates the deficiencies in existing studies that solely rely on macroeconomic data. It examines three mainstream transmission mechanisms by using data at both the household and village level. At the village level, the empirical results show that income inequality leads to lower economic growth. However, at the household level, income inequality is positively linked to income growth for households with low levels of initial income. Such seemingly contradictory results agree with the predictions of my mathematical example and suggest that the political economy channel is responsible for the inequality-growth relationship in rural China. The last empirical chapter examines whether inequality and growth are linked across generations by evaluating the impact of the One Child Policy on fertility and education in China. Using a difference-in-differences approach, the empirical results suggest that the One Child Policy successfully lowered the probability of having a child for Han women and increased the probability of attending school for Han children. This empirical evidence indicates that the endogenous fertility channel operates in China.
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Hult, Amanda. "Income inequality and economic growth : An investigation of the OECD countries." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47283.
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Income inequality is in a majority of earlier studies more or less affirmatively agreed to be negatively related to economic growth. The underlying complexity of the connection lacks well-tried backing in the modern time. The main purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between income inequality and economic growth, but also the effects of other factors, such as human capital and investment. This is conducted with a panel data approach on 34 OECD countries with data over the period 1990-2010. Aggregate income inequality, represented by the Gini coefficient is used in the empirical estimation, together with two other variables to control for the income inequality at the bottom and top end of the income distribution. The results indicate the aggregate inequality level to be significantly and positively related to growth, while bottom end and top end inequality is seen to have a significant and negative relationship with growth. The level of GDP per capita, education and population growth is also seen to have an impact on economic growth.
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Algbokhan, B. E. "Growth, employment and income distribution in Nigeria in the 1970s." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376043.
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Cai, Xiaohong Ram Rati. "The simultaneous relationship between economic growth and income inequality a cross country study /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9804929.
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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1997.Title from title page screen, viewed June 9, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Rati Ram (chair), Neil T. Skaggs, Michael A. Nelson, Nazul M. Hasan. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-62) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Xi, Xiaochuan. "A Study on China's Income Inequality and the Relationship with Economic Growth." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3749.
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The purpose of this paper is to study China’s income inequality under rapid economic growth.Does the relationship between economic growth and income inequality in China follow theKuznets hypothesis? What is the main cause and trend of China’s income inequality? We usedata which covers the period 1980-2005 to analyze the overall inequality, and data coveringthe period 1980-2002 to analyze the inequality inside rural and urban areas. The derivedresults doubt the validity of Kuznets hypothesis on explaining the relationship betweeneconomic growth and income inequality in China. Also we derive the trend of China’sincreased income inequality and find that the urban-rural income disparity is the main causeof China’s income inequality.
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Nassereddine, Abdallah. "The effects of democracy on budget balance, income inequality and economic growth." Thesis, University of Kent, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499755.
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Ngo, Ngoc Qui. "FDI and Economic Growth : An Empirical Study of Lower-middle Income Economies." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44025.
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Within a panel data context with fixed effects method, using data on a sample of 40 lower- middle income economies, this paper investigates whether and to what extent FDI stimulates economic growth over the period 2007-2017. The main finding of this paper highlights the complementary effects between FDI and education, suggesting that a certain level of education must be reached in order for FDI to contribute positively on economic growth. Further, the level of education in this sample set is below the level that is considered as adequate in order to spur economic growth and thus this affects the absorptive capacity. This paper can only confirm that there is a certain association between FDI and economic growth and cannot confirm the widespread belief that FDI stimulates economic growth due to that the estimated models more often than not provided insignificant results.
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Yusuf, Sulman. "Income Inequality and Economic Growth : The Effect of Gini Coefficient on GNI." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162577.
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Using panel data from 1960-2000 for 28 countries, this paper explores the relationship between inequality and economic growth.To mitigate the problem of endogeneity, dynamic panel data estimation technique such as difference GMM was used. Estimated results showed positive significant relationship in short to medium term between income inequality and economic growth. The results are robust to sensitivity analysis when the estimation was carried out by running the regression on sub samples to check if the sample selection influnces the results. The results obtained in this study oppose the common belief that growthwill increase by bringing down inequality.
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Taylor, Lance, Armon Rezai, and Duncan K. Foley. "An Integrated Approach to Climate Change, Income Distribution, Employment, and Economic Growth*." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4557/1/EcolEcon_WorkingPaper_2015_3.pdf.
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A demand-driven growth model involving capital accumulation and the dynamics of
greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration is set up to examine macroeconomic issues raised by global
warming, e.g. effects on output and employment of rising levels of GHG; offsets by mitigation;
relationships among energy use and labor productivity, income distribution, and growth; the
economic significance of the Jevons and other paradoxes; sustainable consumption and possible
reductions in employment; and sources of instability and cyclicality implicit in the twodimensional
dynamical system. The emphasis is on the combination of biophysical limits and Post-
Keynesian growth theory and the qualitative patterns of system adjustment and the dynamics that
emerge.Series: Ecological Economic Papers
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Edlund, Karolina. "Does economic freedom affect the growth rate? : Evidence from middle-income countries." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138390.
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Despite half a century of aid programs, many countries have not shown a sufficient degree of economic development, leaving their population in poverty. The varying level of productivity has contributed to these dissimilarities and many economists argue that the degree of freedom experienced by citizens is the underlying source of differences in productivity, as it influences the freedom to perform economic activity. In this study, I examine the effect economic freedom has on the growth rate in middle-income countries. Liberal economists are arguing that higher degree of freedom surrounding economic activities is fundamental for economic growth. This point of view is largely adopted by a major lender to less developed countries; the IMF. Common conditions for loans provided by the IMF is to decrease the size of government, privatize public companies, and open up the nation to international trade. I my analysis, including 48 middle-income countries, I test whether these variables affect the economic growth though regression analysis during the years of 2000 to 2014. My results show that economic freedom is an important factor for economic growth, but that the components of economic freedom have different effects on the growth rate. Furthermore, the results differ greatly when comparing the richer and the poorer sections of middle-income countries. I find no evidence that the conditions of the IMF is a good model for development, rather that the countries have different characteristics and are affected differently. The legal system and respect for property rights is shown to have a positive effect on growth, as well as regulating the product, capital, and labor market, while high inflation is associated with low economic growth.
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Trivedi, Kamakshya. "Growth empirics within a low income country : evidence from states in India, 1960-1992." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289018.
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Keely, Louise Catherine. "Ideas and incentives in the innovation process : implications for economic growth." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325014.
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Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus, C. Samir K, and Petra Sauer. "Age-Specific Education Inequality, Education Mobility and Income Growth." European Commission, bmwfw, 2013. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4716/1/WWWforEurope_WPS_no006_MS15.pdf.
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We construct a new dataset of inequality in educational attainment by age and sex at the global level. The comparison of education inequality measures across age groups allows us to assess the effect of inter-generational education attainment trends on economic growth. Our results indicate that countries which are able to reduce the inequality of educational attainment of young cohorts over time tend to have higher growth rates of income per capita.
This effect is additional to that implied by the accumulation of human capital and implies that policies aiming at providing broad-based access to schooling
have returns in terms of economic growth that go beyond those achieved by increasing average educational attainment.Series: WWWforEurope
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Araujo, Jorge Antonio de Thompson Resende. "Four essays in the Cambridge theory of distribution and growth." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319354.
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Sun, Wujing. "A study of Chinas Income Inequality and Economic Growth : The Kuznets Curve Revisited." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61892.
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Babones, Salvatore James. "The international structure of income and its implications for economic growth, 1960-2000." Available to US Hopkins community, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3068113.
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Cheng, Xiangbin. "The dynamic relationships between public spending, economic growth and income inequality in China." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/16543.
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China's economic development has performed spectacularly during the period of China's economic transition as a result of radical economic reform in the all markets. The country has also gone through extensive fiscal reforms in the last three decades. However, a number of problems have been associated with such rapid economic growth. One of these has been raising inequality. In both Keynesian and neoclassical endogenous growth theories, public spending can play an important role for economic growth and inequality. The majority of previous studies have focused on the relationship between public spending and economic growth, or between public spending and inequality separately. There is no doubt that public spending has an effect on both economic growth and equity simultaneously. In this respect, this thesis attempts to address the problems that have emerged during the period of China's fiscal reforms, and seeks to examine the effects of public spending on economic growth and equality in the same model. This thesis investigates the dynamic relationships among these three variables in China. For aggregate national data, vector error correction model (VECM) has been used. Analysis at the provincial level is based on the panel vector auto-regression (PVAR) model. These methods help to solve the endogeneity in estimations. The national level analysis indicates that total public spending shows a long term Granger causality with GDP per capita, which supports the positive growth effect of public spending in the Keynesian and endogenous growth model. Social public spending has a negative effect on real output per capita in both the short term and long term, but it also has a negative impact on income inequality. Moreover, we find that a higher level of real GDP per capita will increase the level of inequality, but a higher level of inequality has a negative effect on real GDP per capita in the long term. Furthermore, total provincial public spending and provincial social spending have either a non-significant effect on economic growth. On the other hand, the SOEs' investment has a significant, positive growth effect at both the national and provincial level. As for the redistributive role of the public spending, the provincial total public spending and social spending have played an important role on income distribution. Furthermore, the Gini coefficient has a positive effect on the per capita growth rate at the provincial level, but the economic growth has no significant impact on the Gini coefficient.
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Cambulo, Ifilay Ernesto Luís. "Public spending and economic growth in Angola." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13086.
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Mestrado em EconomiaEsta dissertação investiga a relação causal entre a despesa publica per capita e o rendimento nacional per capita em Angola. Utilizamos dados de séries temporais anuais de 1985 à 2015. Os resultados indicam que as variáveis são não estacionárias e não existe relação de longo-prazo entre as mesmas. Existe apenas relação de curto-prazo, os testes de causalidade a Granger invalidam a lei de Wagner e validam a teoria de Keynes.
This dissertation investigates the causal link between public spending per capita and national income per capita in Angola using data from annual time series from 1985 to 2015. Results indicate that variables are non-stationary and that there is no long term relationship between them. There is only a short term relationship and Granger's causality test invalidates Wagner's law and validates Keynes' theory.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Manteli, Aikaterini. "Does Trade Openness cause Growth? : An Empirical Investigation." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29258.
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This dissertation investigates the casual relationship between trade openness and economic growth in a sample of 87 countries (developing & developed) during the period 1970-2013. According to the previous literature, the openness-growth relationship seems to be relatively unclear and inconclusive, although the general tendency is that openness has a positive impact on economic growth. Our empirical results confirm this ambiguous relationship and provide evidence which vary across model specification. Regarding of the per capita income regression for all countries, trade openness has a positive but not a robust impact on income, as the coefficient of openness is positive but at the same time insignificant. As far as growth regression is concerned, it seems that there is a positive relationship between openness and growth for all countries. More specific, for developing countries trade openness has a negative effect on income per capita and a positive one on income growth. On the other hand, a negative relationship between openness and income per capita and income growth presented in our results for developed countries.
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Tan, Philip Whatt-Chye. "Economic development and social growth in Singapore a case study, 1968-1986 /." access full-text online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 1988. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?ML50390.
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Wang, Zheng. "Provincial economic growth, inter provincial and coastal inland income inequality in China from 1991 to 1999." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274570.
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Lee, Hyuntak. "The relationship between income inequality and economic growth in OECD countries, including South Korea." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/442931112/viewonline.
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Cras, Patrik, and Christer Rosén. "Can income security enhance growth in developing countries? : A study of the effects on economic growth of income support programs for the unemployed and elderly in developing countries." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7013.
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This paper addresses the question if income security can enhance economic growth in developing countries? It takes its starting point in the income security problems of a developing country and summarizes evidence from published empirical research on formal income security mechanisms. We conclude that the findings on incomes security efficiency effects are ambiguous. A limited econometric study based on data from Chile is carried out with a regression showing that social securities total effect on economic growth is negative but more econometric research on total effect on growth are needed to give a definite answer.
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Canadas, Alejandro. "Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Argentina's provinces using Spatial Econometrics." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211944935.
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Al-Khalidi, T. M. S. "The effect of expenditure policy in Iraq on economic growth, price stability and income distribution." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372640.
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Liljevern, Jennie, and Emil Karlsson. "ICT Investment and the Effect on Economic Growth : A Comparative Study across Four Income Groups." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36156.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate if growth in ICT investments affects output growth differently across four income groups. Our panel data analysis is based on a sample of 101 countries in the period 1995-2015, where we conduct an augmented Cobb-Douglas production function with GDP growth as dependent variable. We divide the regression sample into high-, upper middle-, lower middle- and low-income countries to account for income disparities across countries. The outcomes are measured by estimating both ordinary least square and a fixed effects model. The impact of capital investments is measured by using two variables; growth of ICT capital services and non-ICT capital services. In addition, we control for exports and the growth in labor quality. Our major findings show that there are only significant contributions to growth in the top-three richest countries, with exception for the middle-income countries when controlling for fixed effects.