Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economic growth; Income; Wages

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Economic growth; Income; Wages'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Economic growth; Income; Wages"

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Troncoso, Baltar. "Wage distribution in the period of economic growth with income distribution: The case of Brazil." Panoeconomicus 67, no. 3 (2020): 361–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan2003361t.

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This paper analyses in detail the distribution of Brazilian wages in the period of economic growth with income distribution. Brazil presents a high structural heterogeneity that generates high wage inequality, and it is shown that wage differences within occupational categories are greater than wage differences between occupational categories. Higher GDP growth followed by an incomes policy that raised low wages reduced wage differences especially within occupational categories rather than wage differences between occupational categories.
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Humphries, Jane, and Jacob Weisdorf. "Unreal Wages? Real Income and Economic Growth in England, 1260–1850." Economic Journal 129, no. 623 (May 16, 2019): 2867–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/uez017.

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Abstract Estimates of historical workers’ annual incomes suffer from the fundamental problem that they are inferred from day wage rates without knowing how many days of work day-labourers undertook per year. We circumvent the problem by building an income series based on the payments made to workers employed by the year rather than by the day. Our data suggest that earlier annual income estimates based on day wages overestimate medieval labour incomes but underestimate labour incomes during the Industrial Revolution. Our revised estimates indicate that modern economic growth began more than two centuries earlier than commonly thought and was driven by an ‘Industrious Revolution’. They also suggest that the current global downturn in labour's share is not exceptional but fits within the range of historical fluctuations.
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Arestis, Philips, Jesús Ferreiro, and Carmen Gómez. "Labour market flexibilization and income distribution in Europe." Panoeconomicus 68, no. 2 (2021): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan2102167a.

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This paper analyses the role played by the flexibilization of labour markets on functional income distribution. Specifically, we analyse whether employment protection legislation affects the evolution of labour income share, measured by the size of compensation of employees as a percentage of GDP, the sum of wages and salaries as a percentage of GDP and the size of the adjusted wage share, in twenty European economies. Our study?s results show that the evolution of labour income share is explained by the economic growth, the growth of employment and unemployment rates, and the growth of real wages. Regarding the role played by the flexibility of the labour market, and specifically of the employment protection legislation, only employment protection for temporary workers has a significant impact on the evolution of labour shares. Our results show that stricter provisions on the use of fixed-term and temporary agency contracts have a positive impact on the growth of labour shares.
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Syahputra, Angga, Erfit Erfit, and Nurhayani Nurhayani. "Analisis pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi, pengeluaran pemerintah, upah minimum dan tingkat pendidikan terhadap tingkat pengangguran terbuka Provinsi-Provinsi di Sumatera." e-Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Daerah 8, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pdpd.v8i2.8323.

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This study aims to: 1) To analyze the development of the open unemployment rate, economic growth, government spending, minimum wages, and the level of education of the provinces in Sumatra. 2) To find out and analyze what factors influence the income of street vendors on Jalan Basuki Rahmat to General H. Agus Salim by using panel data regression analysis tools. The development of the level of open unemployment, economic growth, and government spending in the provinces on the island of Sumatra during 2015-2017 fluctuated, however, the minimum wage and education level tended to increase. The regression results show that part, the variables of economic growth and the level of education have a significant effect on the level of open unemployment, while the variables of government spending and the minimum wage have no significant effect on the level of open unemployment in the provinces of Sumatra Island. Keywords: Open unemployment rate, Economic growth, Government expenditures, Minimum wages, Education level
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Balakireva, O. M., and S. M. Chernenko. "Income inequality of Ukraine’s population as a socially-economic problem." Ukrainian Society 30, no. 3 (October 9, 2009): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2009.03.049.

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The article concerns the problems of income inequality of Ukraine’s population. The analysis of their differentiation was made, particularly on wages. The factors that modify official estimation of asperity were formed, as well as the proposals concerning measures of public policy for the purpose of prevention of their inequality growth.
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Zaitsev, S. V., A. E. Visalova, V. M. Lyamasova, and A. E. Izmailov. "Analyzing the level of wages in the Astrakhan Oblast." Finance and Credit 26, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.26.3.565.

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Subject. The article considers theoretical aspects of nominal, accrued, real, and disposable wages and savings in the Astrakhan Oblast in various areas of economic activity. Objectives. The study aims to review movements in wages and their level, develop methods for assessing wages, calculate and analyze real wages and savings in the Astrakhan Oblast. Methods. The study draws on the analysis of data on the number of employees and their wages and salaries in the Astrakhan Oblast, which are provided by the Office for National Statistics, and the calculation of indicators based on these data. Results. We analyzed trends in wage increase and the number of employed population in the Astrakhan Oblast. The paper systematizes theoretical aspects of wage assessment, presents calculated indicators of real wages and savings of the employed population. The indicators of savings are divided into groups reflecting the level of household wealth. We provide diagrams illustrating the demand for labor in the Astrakhan Oblast. The findings may be useful for the analysis of living standard in the said area, its socio-economic level. They are also helpful for formulating directions for the region's development. Conclusions. Despite the growth of nominal wages in most spheres of economic activity, more than half of the population of the Astrakhan Oblast do not have incomes to satisfy all their social and spiritual needs, since a large portion of income goes to the minimum needs of subsistence, payment for utilities, cellular communication services and internet, and transport.
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Prvonožec, Stela. "Utjecaj plaća na tržište rada u Republici Hrvatskoj." Oeconomica Jadertina 10, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/oec.3169.

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Labour market, value of wages and standard of living are inextricably linked determinants of economic development. Croatian GDP, living standards and purchasing power of the population are among the lowest in Europe. Wage growth in Croatia is present, but, as in most Central and Eastern European countries, it is not accompanied by an increase in labour productivity. The majority of the income of the Croatian population is spent on food, which is associated with low productivity of the economy. There is a significant dependence on social transfers in the structure of the household income, which, for a significant share of the population, represent the difference between poverty and relatively normal life. Croatia has failed to create economic models that enable economic growth through technological progress and strengthening of labour productivity. In order to improve the standard of living in the Republic of Croatia, it is necessary to solve the structural problems present in the labour market and create economic policies that encourage economic growth. This paper analyses the relationship between the value of wages, labour market and standard of living in the Republic of Croatia. The hypothesis is that structural problems in the Croatian labour market affect the value of wages, and consequently the standard of living of Croatian citizens. The aim of this paper is to analyse the structural problems on the labour market in Croatia and their impact on the value of wages. The purpose of this paper is to point out the importance of an efficient labour market in the national economy of the Republic of Croatia.
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Tleuberdinova, Aizhan, Zhanat Shayekina, Dinara Salauatova, and Stephen Pratt. "Macro-economic Factors Influencing Tourism Entrepreneurship: The Case of Kazakhstan." Journal of Entrepreneurship 30, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 179–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971355720981431.

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Tourism development contributes to economic development. In emerging economies like Kazakhstan, tourism development needs active entrepreneurship. As the country emerges from the post-Soviet era, there has been an increase in economic development and prosperity. Entrepreneurship in the tourism sector can drive economies forward through the creation of new tourism and hospitality businesses. The macroeconomic environment can influence entrepreneurial activity. We use an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to examine the impact of macroeconomic factors on tourism entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. Using data from 1996 to 2018, we find that there is a positive short-run relationship between wages in the tourism sector and entrepreneurship, suggesting that wage growth in the sector attracts entrepreneurs. In the long run, however, tourism sector wages have a negative relationship with entrepreneurship, suggesting that these higher wages represent a higher cost to entrepreneurship. There is also a strong positive relationship between national income and tourism entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. Implications of macroeconomic policy changes for Kazakhstan and other emerging economies are discussed.
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Bengtsson, Erik, and Engelbert Stockhammer. "Wages, Income Distribution and Economic Growth: Long-Run Perspectives in Scandinavia, 1900–2010." Review of Political Economy 33, no. 4 (January 13, 2021): 725–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2020.1860307.

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Xiaoshuang, Ma. "Research on the Influencing Factors and Safeguard Mechanism of Farmers’ Income Growth in the New Era." Research in Economics and Management 3, no. 4 (September 5, 2019): p363. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rem.v3n4p363.

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As an important indicator to measure the degree of general social affluence and economic development in a country or region, peasant income has become an important focus of rural development under the new era rural revitalization strategy. The issue of farmers’ income is the core and key to the issue of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers”. Under the rural revitalization strategy, the traditional rural areas have undergone tremendous changes, and the wages of farmers’ wages, operating income, and transfer income are insufficient. Farmers’ continued income growth is facing enormous challenges. In the face of difficulties, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that “the second round of land contracting will be extended for another 30 years”. It can be seen that the party and the state have profoundly recognized the importance of peasant income for increasing farmers’ income.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic growth; Income; Wages"

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García-Peñalosa, Cecilia. "Distribution and growth : essays on human capital, R&D and skill differentials." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294213.

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Alcobia, João André Ferreira. "Functional and interpersonal distribution of income and economic growth in Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16383.

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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e Financeira
O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é estudar a relação de longo prazo entre a distribuição funcional e interpessoal do rendimento e o crescimento do PIB em Portugal para o período entre 1985 e 2016. O modelo econométrico escolhido é ARDL-bounds test. Há evidências de que a transferência de rendimento do fator capital para o fator trabalho tem efeitos positivos no crescimento de longo prazo de Portugal. O aumento nos rendimentos de topo (TOP 0,01%) também tem efeitos positivos, mas menores no crescimento de longo prazo. As razões invocadas para o aumento do peso do profit share são essencialmente as mesmas que o aumento dos rendimentos de topo. Conclui-se que os governos devem concentrar-se em medidas para aumentar o wage share e, consequentemente, propiciarão a aceleração do crescimento económico de longo prazo.
The objective of this master's thesis is to study the long-term relationship between the interpersonal and functional distribution of income and GDP growth in Portugal for the period between 1985 and 2016.The econometric model chosen is the ARDL-bounds test.There is evidence that the transfer of income from the capital to the labor factor has positive effects on the long term growth of Portugal. The increase in top yields (TOP 0,01%) also have positive but smaller effects.As the reasons given for the increase in the weight of profit share are essentially the same as the increase in top income, it is concluded that governments should be focused on measures to increase wage share and consequently reduce income inequality, having positive long-term economic growth effects.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Edwards, Will. "Do Increases in Labor Productivity Still Drive Wage Growth?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2025.

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The rise of earnings inequality in the United States has garnered attention in both the political and academic spheres. Recently progressive politicians have pointed towards the divergence of wages and labor productivity as a source of this inequality. known as the productivity-pay gap as a source of the rise in inequality. This paper analyzes that divergence with a regression model that evaluates the change in compensation that is attributable to increases in productivity. Results were somewhat surprising with productivity accounting for a larger portion of the growth in wages for the period after 1972 when the divergence in the two growth rates began than in the time between 1948 and 1972 when they were said to grow together. Additionally, results showed more wage growth was attributable to increases in productivity in goods producing sectors like manufacturing, utilities, and construction than financial intermediation in the services sector. However standard errors across our model were relatively large making it difficult to say with certainty the size of effects observed. Future research should seek to better define productivity in the service sector to determine whether other factors like education, occupation or area of residence affect the level of wage growth attributable to compensation.
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Souen, Jacqueline Aslan 1965. "A política do salário mínimo no governo Lula." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286108.

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Orientador: Anselmo Luís dos Santos
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T15:59:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souen_JacquelineAslan_M.pdf: 2801808 bytes, checksum: b9606b4cd4ea03f94e37f3e24376768b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A partir de uma retrospectiva histórica da trajetória do salário mínimo no Brasil, observamos que, com exceção do período compreendido entre 1951 e início da década de 1960 - pré-golpe de 64 -, ocorreram recorrentes perdas do seu poder aquisitivo. Na fase recente, ainda que o movimento favorável do piso mínimo tenha dado o primeiro sinal já em 1993 e efetivamente iniciado em 1995, com a consolidação do Plano Real e a estabilização da moeda, foi no pós 2003 que se inaugurou uma fase particularmente distinta. A subida ao poder de um governo com estreita ligação junto ao movimento sindical e mais aberto ao diálogo e às reivindicações das centrais sindicais, a inflação relativamente controlada e a reativação da economia, em 2004, foram condições essenciais para a mudança na forma de conduzir a questão. No início do novo governo ainda era forte o discurso contrário aos mecanismos de regulação e proteção do trabalho, em especial do salário mínimo. Apontavam-se os impactos indesejados sobre as contas públicas, além de possíveis efeitos inflacionários, e crescimento do desemprego e informalidade. Contudo, havia um crescente debate de oposição a esse discurso, o qual indicava o fraco desempenho econômico como um dos principais obstáculos a uma efetiva política de recuperação do poder de compra do mínimo. Argumentava-se a necessidade de criar condições para a retomada do crescimento da economia, emprego e renda, modificando a estratégia de condução da política macroeconômica, abrindo caminho para uma maior formalização do mercado de trabalho, aumento da massa salarial, e elevação da arrecadação previdenciária e das contribuições sociais, reduzindo, assim, os possíveis constrangimentos de uma política consistente de recuperação do salário mínimo. Tal interpretação foi reforçada pelas principais Centrais Sindicais, as quais se organizaram num movimento unitário em 2004, reivindicando a urgência de um critério permanente de valorização do piso nacional. O objetivo do presente trabalho é fazer uma análise da evolução da política de valorização do salário mínimo neste contexto da retomada da atividade econômica, no governo Lula, bem como avaliar seus impactos para uma grande maioria de trabalhadores, sobretudo aqueles da base da pirâmide social, com rendimentos muito próximos do piso mínimo
Abstract: From a historical trajectory of the minimum wage in Brazil, it is observed that, except for the period between 1951 and the early 1960s - before the 64 coup d'état - recurring losses of the purchasing power occurred. Recently, although the movement in favor of the minimum wage gave its first sign back in 1993 - and actually started in 1995, with the consolidation of the Real Plan and the stabilization of the currency - it was after 2003 that a particularly distinct period was inaugurated. The rise to power of a government closely linked to the union movement, and more open to dialogue and the demands of the unions, the relatively controlled inflation and the reactivation of the economy, in 2004, were essential conditions for the change on the way of leading the issue. At the beginning of the new government the speech contrary to the mechanisms of regulation and protection of labor was still strong, particularly concerning the minimum wage. The undesired impacts on public accounts were pointed out, as well as possible inflationary effects and increasing unemployment and informality. However, there was a growing debate in opposition to this discourse, which indicated the poor economic performance as one of the main obstacles to an effective recovery policy of the minimum wage purchasing power. They argued the need of creating conditions for the resumption of economic, employment and income growth, by changing the strategy of macroeconomic policy, clearing the way for a greater formalization of the labor market, increased wages, and raising funds for the pension system and social contributions, thus reducing the possible constraints of a consistent minimum wage recovery policy. Such interpretation was reinforced by the major Central Trade Unions, which organized a unitary movement in 2004, claiming the urgency of a permanent recovery criterion of the national wage floor. The aim of this study is to analyze the evolution of the policy of valuing the minimum wage in this context of renewed economic activity, under Lula government, and assess its impacts on a large majority of workers, especially those from the base of the social pyramid, with incomes very close to the minimum wage
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Oliveira, Ana Isabel Moura Frias de. "O aumento da quota salarial em Portugal : que efeitos?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6350.

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Mestrado em Economia
Desde o final dos anos 80, a quota salarial tem vindo a diminuir na maioria dos países desenvolvidos. Ao contrário das expectativas neoclássicas e os seus fundamentos teóricos, esta tendência não se tem traduzido em forte crescimento económico nem no aumento do emprego. Estando sob um programa de consolidação orçamental, Portugal enfrenta, há mais de dois anos, uma profunda recessão económica e um empobrecimento generalizado da população. A conjuntura económica, o baixo nível salarial e a elevada desigualdade na distribuição do rendimento exigem, no curto prazo, políticas que aumentem os rendimentos do trabalho e dinamizem o consumo e o mercado interno. Embora o aumento do consumo não seja sustentável no longo-prazo sem o reforço da produção e do investimento produtivo, deverá ser o ponto de partida para uma rápida recuperação económica. Utilizando a metodologia proposta por autores pós-keynesianos, a presente dissertação pretende provar que o aumento marginal da quota salarial tem efeitos positivos do PIB Português.
The wage share has been decreasing in most of developed countries since the late 80’s. Against the neoclassical beliefs and its theoretical background, this trend has not been translated into strong economic growth nor higher employment. Under a fiscal consolidation programme, Portugal has faced economic recession and generalized impoverishment for more than two years. The economic developments in the country, along with low wage level and high inequality in income distribution, demand short-run policies which increase workers’ income and foster consumption and the internal market. Although an increase in consumption cannot be sustainable in long-run without an enhancement of production and productive investment, it should be the root for economic recovery in the short-run. Using the methodology proposed by post-keynesian authors, this dissertation aims to prove that a marginal increase in wage share has positive effects on Portuguese GDP.
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Schneider, Eric B. "Studies in historical living standards and health : integrating the household and children into historical measures of living standards and health." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f2e55a37-c605-4aba-8a2e-3d699c6b82b7.

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This dissertation attempts to integrate the household and children more fluidly into measures of well-being in the past. In part one, I develop a Monte Carlo simulation to test some of the assumptions of Allen’s welfare ratio methodology. These included his assumptions that family size was constant over time, that there were no female-headed households and that women and children did not participate in the labour force. After all of the adjustments, it appears that Allen’s welfare ratios underestimate the welfare ratios of a demographically representative group of families, especially if women and children’s labour force participation is included. However, the predicted distributions also highlight the struggles of agricultural labourers, who are given separate consideration. Even the average agricultural labourers’ family with women and children working would have had to rely of self- provisioning, gleaning, poor relief or the extension of the working year to make ends meet at the poorest point in their family life cycle. Part two adjusts Floud et al.’s estimates of calorie availability in the English economy from 1700 to 1909 for the costs of digestion, pregnancy and lactation. Taken together, these three additional costs reduced the amount calories available by around 15 per cent in 1700 but only by 5 per cent in 1909 because of the changing composition of the English diet. Part three presents a new adaptive framework for studying changes in children’s growth patterns over time and a new methodology, longitudinal growth studies, for measuring gender disparities in health in the past. An adaptive framework for understanding growth provides a more parsimonious explanation for the vast catch-up growth achieved by slave children in the antebellum American South. The slave children were only able to achieve this catch-up growth because they were programmed for a tall height trajectory by relatively good conditions in utero. Finally, impoverished girls experienced greater catch-up growth than boys in two schools in late-nineteenth century Boston, USA and early-twentieth century London, suggesting that girls were deprived relative to boys before entering these institutions.
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Boula-Luap, Chantal. "Salaire minimum, inégalités salariales et croissance économique : le cas des Départements Français d’Amérique." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0145/document.

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Ce travail constitué de trois chapitres cherche à analyser l’impact du salaire minimum sur l’économie des départements français d’Amérique en se limitant aux effets sur la distribution des revenus et la croissance économique.Dans le premier chapitre, l’accent est mis sur les inégalités salariales telles qu’elles existent aux Antilles-Guyane, en comparaison avec la situation en France métropolitaine. Les inégalités de revenus restent fortes entre les catégories socioprofessionnelles dans les DFA. Le salaire moyen de l’ensemble des salariés de France métropolitaine est supérieur à celui des DFA.Le second chapitre présente tout d’abord les aspects historiques et réglementaires qui caractérisent le salaire minimum français et celui d’autres pays d’Europe. Le SMIC se classe en quatrième position parmi les salaires minimum les plus élevés d’Europe, et la France, le pays développé comptant la plus forte proportion de salariés au SMIC. Dans les Départements Français d’Amérique, les salariés payés au SMIC, bien plus nombreux en proportion qu’au niveau national, sont le plus souvent des femmes, des jeunes, des personnes peu qualifiées occupant un emploi à temps partiel dans les secteurs des services et du commerce. Il met également en évidence les effets du salaire minimum et de ses revalorisations sur la formation des salaires et le coût du travail. Les effets de diffusion du SMIC sont faibles et temporaires, variant de 0,1 à 0,2% tant en approche macroéconomique que microéconomique. Les hausses du SMIC entraînent une augmentation du coût du travail pour partie compensée par les allègements de charges octroyés aux entreprises.Le troisième chapitre contribue à la mise en lumière des interactions entre le salaire minimum, la croissance économique et la pauvreté dans la société Antillo-guyanaise. Il s’avère que le dynamisme de l’économie insulaire est loin d’avoir gommé tous les écarts de niveau de vie entre les DFA et la France métropolitaine, malgré l’alignement du salaire minimum et des prestations diverses. La simulation sur les données de l’enquête Budget de famille 2006 montre que la proportion de salariés au SMIC est faible dans le bas de l’échelle des revenus. Ces salariés sont répartis sur l’ensemble de l’échelle des niveaux de vie. Le SMIC occupe une place relativement importante dans le revenu disponible des ménages, y compris dans le haut de l’échelle des revenus.En conclusion, le niveau élevé du salaire minimum dans les départements français d’Amérique conduit au maintien d’un grand nombre de salariés payés au voisinage du SMIC. En dépit des allègements de cotisations sociales abaissant le coût du SMIC, les départements d’outre-mer demeurent des régions fortement touchées par le chômage et la pauvreté. De plus, les inégalités salariales se sont accrues entre les individus les plus modestes et les plus aisés de ces régions. La montée du chômage est un facteur aggravant de cet accroissement des inégalités. Si en effet, les résultats de notre étude permettent d’affirmer que le SMIC n’est pas le meilleur instrument pour lutter contre les inégalités salariales et la pauvreté, ils soulèvent en même temps la question d’un SMIC DOM en lien avec les conditions et capacités réelles des économies ultramarines
This work consists of three parts seeking to analyze the impact of minimum wages on the French departments of America's economy by limiting the effects on the distribution of incomes and economic growth.In the first chapter, the focus is an overview of income inequality as they exist in the Antilles and Guiana, in comparison with the situation in France. Income inequalities remain high between occupational groups in the DFA. The average salary of all employees in mainland France is higher than the DFAThe second chapter first presents the historical and regulatory aspects that characterize the French minimum wage and that of other European countries. SMIC is the fourth highest minimum wage in Europe, and France developed country with the highest proportion of employees the minimum wage. In the French Departments of America, employees paid the minimum wage, many more in proportion than at national level, are most often women, youth, low-skilled people employed part-time in the service sectors and trade. It also highlights the impact of the minimum wage and its revaluation on the formation of wages and labor costs. SMIC diffusion effects are small and temporary, varying from 0.1 to 0.2% in both macroeconomic and microeconomic approach. The increases in the minimum wage lead to higher labor costs partly offset by expense reductions granted to companies. The third chapter contributes to highlighting the interaction between the minimum wage, economic growth and poverty in the Antillean-Guyanese society. It turns out that the dynamism of the island economy has all but erased all living differentials between overseas departments and metropolitan France, despite the alignment of the minimum wage and various benefits. The simulation on data from the 2006 survey of “Budget of families” shows that the proportion of employees with the minimum wage is low in the bottom of the income scale. These employees are spread over the entire scale of living. SMIC has an important place in household disposable income, including the top of the income scale.In conclusion, the high level of the minimum wage in the French departments of America led to the maintenance of a large number of employees paid near the minimum wage. Despite cuts in social security contributions lowering the cost of SMIC, departments remain areas with high unemployment and poverty. Moreover, wage inequality increased between the poorest and the wealthiest individuals in these areas. Rising unemployment is an aggravating factor of the increase in inequality. Since the results of our study make it possible to affirm SMIC is not the best tool to fight again wage inequalities and poverty, they also raise the question of a SMIC DOM linked with the real conditions and capacities of the overseas economies
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Sanzenbacher, Geoffrey Todd. "Essays in Labor Economics." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1838.

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Thesis advisor: Shannon Seitz
Issues pertaining to low income workers are of the upmost interest to policy makers. In the mid 1990s, the issue of welfare recipients and work was at the forefront of public policy, as the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 was passed. One of the many goals of the policy was to "end the dependence of needy families on government benefits" by encouraging work and ultimately higher wages. The first paper of my dissertation explores the processes by which work leads to wage growth for welfare recipients. I find that welfare recipients have similar returns to tenure and experience as non-recipients and that tenure has higher returns than experience for these women. Because of this, policies that discourage leaving work, like a work requirement, are more effective encouraging wage growth than policies discouraging welfare use, like a time-limit. A decade later, the low savings rates of low income workers has led policy makers within the Obama administration to consider making Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) available to all workers. The second paper of this dissertation examines how likely low individual workers are to participate in these plans. We find that low-income workers not currently offered voluntary retirement savings plans are less likely to participate than those currently offered those plans. The paper indicates policy makers should be wary of basing estimates of participation in the offered IRAs on current participation, as this may overestimate the participation rate by up to 25 percent
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
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Khan, Salman H. "Poverty in Pakistan : a nutritional, health, and social income perspective." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391072.

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Ortega, Díaz Araceli. "Income inequality and economic growth in Mexico." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398617.

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Books on the topic "Economic growth; Income; Wages"

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Papanek, Gustav Fritz. Lectures on development strategy, growth, equity, and the political process in Southern Asia. Islamabad: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, 1986.

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Grose, Andrew P. The West on a slippery slope: High growth, low pay. San Francisco, Calif: WESTRENDS, 1995.

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Grose, Andrew P. The West on a slippery slope: High growth, low pay. San Francisco, Calif: WESTRENDS, Council of State Governments, 1996.

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Rowthorn, Bob. Unemployment, capital-labor substitution, and economic growth. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Research Department, 1999.

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Felipe, Jesus. Competitiveness, income distribution, and growth in the Philippines: What does the long-run evidence show? Manila: Asian Development Bank, 2004.

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Knowledge, inequality, and growth in the new economy. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2003.

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Osberg, Lars. The information economy: The implication of unbalanced growth. Toronto, Ont: Institute for Research on Public Policy, 1989.

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Osberg, Lars. The information economy: The implications of unbalanced growth. Halifax, N.S: Institute for Research on Public Policy, 1989.

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O'Rourke, Kevin H. From Malthus to Ohlin: Trade, growth and distribution since 1500. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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Kurth, Helmut. Economic growth & income distribution. [Quezon City, Philippines]: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economic growth; Income; Wages"

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Angeles-Castro, Gerardo. "The Effects of Economic Liberalization on Income Distribution: A Panel-Data Analysis." In Wages, Employment, Distribution and Growth, 151–80. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371781_8.

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Razin, Assaf, and Efraim Sadka. "Resisting Migration: Wage Rigidity and Income Distribution." In Trade, Growth, and Economic Policy in Open Economies, 167–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00423-4_13.

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Rashid, Salim. "Wages, Dual Economies and Migration." In Economic Policy for Growth, 181–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4537-8_10.

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Palley, Thomas I. "Class Conflict and the Cambridge Theory of Income Distribution." In Wages, Employment, Distribution and Growth, 223–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371781_11.

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Bernardelli, Michał, Mariusz Próchniak, and Bartosz Witkowski. "Real income-level convergence." In Economic Growth and Convergence, 1–28. Title: Economic growth and convergence : global analysis through econometric and hidden Markov models / Michał Bernardelli, Mariusz Próchniak, Bartosz Witkowski. Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003171645-1.

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Sundrum, R. M. "Income Distribution and Growth." In Economic Growth in Theory and Practice, 257–70. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376816_12.

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Bhaduri, Amit. "Labour-Market Flexibility and Economic Expansion." In Wages, Employment, Distribution and Growth, 9–19. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371781_2.

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Kufenko, Vadim. "Economic Growth and Income Distribution." In Economic Growth and Inequality, 62–86. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-08083-9_3.

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Rongxing, Guo. "Economic Growth and Income Distribution." In How the Chinese Economy Works, 136–62. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230245686_6.

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Dutt, Amitava Krishna, and Charles K. Wilber. "Production, Income, and Economic Growth." In Economics and Ethics, 158–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230277236_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Economic growth; Income; Wages"

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Kudins, Janis. "Determinants of the Elderly Employment in Latvia." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.032.

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In Latvia, from 2011 to 2020 the number of people 65+ increased by 2.7 %, but the number of the employed people 65+ increased by 94.4 %. The aim of this research is to identify the determinants of the elderly employment in the context of active ageing. The author analysed secondary data collected by the international and Latvia’s institutions as well as by Latvia’s researchers who have studied the elderly. The results of these studies and the data of Latvia’s statistics show that the rapid growth of the elderly employment in Latvia is more likely not an indicator of active ageing, but the elderly’s attempt to overcome poverty. 60.3 % of the elderly in Latvia continue to work in order to increase their current income, and only 10.2 % – for non-financial reasons, which is one of the lowest values in the EU. The gap between the average income of Latvia’s population and the income of people 65+ is increasing over the past 10 years. The elderly in Latvia work mainly in education and health care. These sectors have relatively lower average wages and are therefore less attractive to young people, so the elderly employment in them shows not only the importance of knowledge and experience, but also the difficulties in attracting new employees. The author concludes that Latvia is still far from real active ageing, which is typical for the most competitive EU countries. In order to move in this direction, it would be useful to use the experience of the EU’s active ageing initiatives.
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Tan, Sibel, Şermin Atak, Ümran Şengül, and Sabri Sami Tan. "The Evaluation of the Changes in the Agricultural Sector with Common Economic Indicators in Turkey in the Last Decade." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01005.

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Agriculture is an important sector in the Turkish economy in terms of population and employment, nutrition, agricultural production, domestic consumption, its contribution to industry, national income and balance of payments. By current economic indicators in Turkey, while its share in national income is 9.0%, its share in employment is 23.6%. Although the share of agriculture in GDP decreased in Turkey in the last decade, the rate of growth of agricultural sector increased. Whereas cultivated fields and the number of livestock declined, vegetative production and animal production increased significantly. Moreover, the rate of total employment increased, but the rate of agricultural employment decreased. In addition, the use of machine in agriculture increased and the wage of employees in agriculture increased considerably, as well. On the other hand, agricultural support policies in the last decade witnessed with major reforms and important support policies were implemented in many areas. In 2013, the share of agricultural subsidies in gross domestic product increased compared to the previous year and an increase in the 2014 budget was targeted. In this study, agriculture-related indicators in Turkey in the last ten years will be evaluated and the last ten-year change and the reasons of this change will be examined. In the light of these changes, agricultural recommendations in terms of future oriented agricultural plans and programs will be presented.
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Kaitala, Veijo, and Matti Pohjola. "Economic growth and income redistribution." In 26th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1987.272777.

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Kang, Chengwen, and Xuezhen Kang. "Poverty Alleviation’s Effects on Income Inequality and Income Growth." In Fifth International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201211.017.

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Yang, Xiaoli. "Research on Income Distribution and Economic Growth." In 2016 International Conference on Economy, Management and Education Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemet-16.2016.179.

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Sundari, M. S., and M. Ariani. "Measuring Economic Growth Through National Income Elasticity." In Proceedings of the 17 th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200127.038.

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DAVID, BEN, and BENZION U. "Heterogeneous Population Economic Growth and Income Distribution." In International Conference on Advances in Economics, Social Science and Human Behaviour Study - ESSHBS 2015. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-66.

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Saleepon, Ravipan. "Analysis of the relationship between income inequality and economic growth." In MISNC2020&IEMT2020: The 7th Multidisciplinary in International Social Networks Conference and The 3rd International Conference on Economics, Management and Technology. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3429395.3429418.

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İncekara, Ahmet, and Betül Mutlugün. "Analysis of Income Distribution and Economic Growth Relation in Process of Neoliberal Economic Policies in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01499.

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Income inequality has long been the economic, social, political and moral concern for many countries. Attaining more fair income distribution along with economic growth and development has started to gain importance. But in spite of the vast literature on income distribution and economic growth, there remains disagreement on the effect of income inequality on economic growth. With the transformation process as a result of neoliberal policies implemented since the late 1970’s, unequal distribution of income became more apparent in terms of economic and social issues. In this study, the effect of neoliberal economic policies on income inequality and economic growth has been analyzed in the context of social classes.
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Jian-yu, Han, Ding Jie-chao, and Wang Jun. "Income Gap of Residents, Peasant Income and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study of Rural China Data." In 2010 International Symposium on Information Science and Engineering (ISISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isise.2010.92.

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Reports on the topic "Economic growth; Income; Wages"

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Sacerdote, Bruce. Fifty Years Of Growth In American Consumption, Income, And Wages. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23292.

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Sacks, Daniel, Betsey Stevenson, and Justin Wolfers. Subjective Well-Being, Income, Economic Development and Growth. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16441.

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Töngür, Ünal, and Adem Yavuz Elveren. The Nexus of Economic Growth, Military Expenditures, and Income Inequality. EconWorld Workıng Papers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22440/econworld.wp.2016.003.

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Chamon, Marcos, and Michael Kremer. Economic Transformation, Population Growth and the Long-Run World Income Distribution. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12038.

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Attaran, Mohsen. The relation of economic diversity to levels, growth rates, and stability of unemployment and income. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.542.

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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.

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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
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Grant, Ian. Climate & environment assessment: Women’s Economic Empowerment and Growth in Low Income Countries: a global research Programme (2013-2018). Evidence on Demand, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12774/eod_hd041.feb2013.grant.

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Hulten, Charles, and Anders Isaksson. Why Development Levels Differ: The Sources of Differential Economic Growth in a Panel of High and Low Income Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13469.

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Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household businesses) sectors into higher productivity sectors in manufacturing and services. In theory the literature shows that lower dependency ratios (share of the non-working age population) should increase output per capita if labour force participation rates among the working age population remain unchanged. If output per worker stays constant, then a decline in dependency ratio would lead to a rise in income per capita. Macro simulation models for sub-Saharan Africa estimate that capital per worker will remain low due to consistently low savings for at least the next decades, even in the low fertility scenario. Sub-Saharan African countries seem too poor for a quick rise in savings. As such, it is unlikely that a lower dependency ratio will initiate a dramatic increase in labour productivity. The literature notes the gender implications on labour markets. Most women combine unpaid care for children with informal and low productive work in agriculture or family enterprises. Large family sizes reduce their productive labour years significantly, estimated at a reduction of 1.9 years of productive participation per woman for each child, that complicates their move into more productive work (if available). If the transition from high fertility to low fertility is permanent and can be established in a relatively short-term period, there are long-run effects on female labour participation, and the gains in income per capita will be permanent. As such from the literature it is clear that the effect of higher female wages on female labour participation works to a large extent through reductions in fertility.
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Aizenman, Joshua, Yothin Jinjarak, Gemma Estrada, and Shu Tian. Flexibility of Adjustment to Shocks: Economic Growth and Volatility of Middle-Income Countries Before and After the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23467.

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