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1
Wagman, Ira. "From spiritual matters to economic facts : recounting problems of knowledge in the history of Canadian audiovisual policy, 1928-61." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102229.
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Using a theoretical model incorporating recent work in the field of historical epistemology and Michel Foucault's concept of governmentality this dissertation reconsiders key moments in the history of Canadian audiovisual policy as sites for examining the production of knowledge about national cultural activity. Drawing upon archival records, interdisciplinary research and a discursive analysis of policy documents, I argue that the resolution of questions regarding the nature of cultural expertise and the evidentiary value of different forms of knowledge accompanied changing state rationale towards film and broadcasting and foreshadowed the refashioning of Canada's audiovisual sector.To illustrate, I focus on a period between the establishment of the first Royal Commission on Radio Broadcasting in 1928 and the institution of Canadian content regulations for television in 1960. During this period there are important shifts in the ways the federal government conceived of and administered the audiovisual sector. In the 1920s and 30s, broadcasting and film production were nationalized and placed within publicly funded institutions such as the CBC and NFB. However, less than twenty-five years later, policy rationale towards the audiovisual sector had shifted, with measures put in place to support the development of the cultural industries. The CBC's dominance over broadcasting and regulation had been replaced by a new structural arrangement involving both public and private broadcasters regulated by independent agencies using content quotas to ensure Canadian programming on the airwaves. In Canada's film sector, the NFB's expansion into feature film and television production was halted through policy shifts encouraging the development of the independent film production sector.
Using case studies that explore the historical context behind the emergence of key administrative techniques I document the declining influence of cultural nationalists and humanistic approaches to cultural issues and the rising influence of accountants, statisticians, and scholars from the nascent field of communication studies in the policy process. These developments run concurrently to shifting government rationale towards the audiovisual sector away from developing "national consciousness" towards the creation of a "national economy" for broadcasting and film drawing on previous industrial development models borrowed from the automotive sector and 19th century National Policy.
Although scholarly attention in the field of cultural policy studies has generally focused upon understanding why these shifts occurred, this thesis is devoted primarily towards understanding how such shifts took place. Attention to these questions moves the field of study away from the pragmatic issues of policymaking and towards larger questions surrounding the triangulation between knowledge, state, and cultural production.
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Pohunek, Jiří. "Specifika politických a ekonomických vztahů Estonska a Ruské federace." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114048.
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The first chapter of the thesis offers a short theoretical view on relations among small and big states. The second chapter deals with political relations of Estonia and Russia. The chapter also describes beginnings of independent Estonian political scene as well as Russian reactions on the newly given situation. The third chapter looks at security dimension of the Estonian-Russian relations. In the fourth chapter the readers can find information about ethnic minorities in Estonia with emphasis on the Russian minority. The whole mninority issue is put into political, economic, diplomatic and security context. The fifth chapter describes mutual conflicts between Estonia and Russia which appeared in recent past and their consequences on both internal and international political scenes. Economic relations between Estonia and Russian Federation are described in the sixth chapter where one can also find comparison of the basic macroeconomic aggregates and quantification of mutual trade. A part of this chapter is also an analysis of competitiveness of Estonia and Russia. The seventh chapter deals with the reality of mutual crossborder cooperation between Estonia and Russia.
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Aiginger, Karl. "The Great Recession versus the Great Depression: Stylized Facts on Siblings That Were Given Different Foster Parents." Kiel Institute for the World Economy, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2010-18.
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This paper compares the depth of the recent crisis and the Great Depression. We use a new data set to compare the drop in activity in the industrialized countries for seven activity indicators. This is done under the assumption that the recent crisis leveled off in mid-2009 for production and will do so for unemployment in 2010. Our data indicate that the recent crisis indeed had the potential to be another Great Depression, as shown by the speed and simultaneity of the decline in the first nine months. However, if we assume that a large second dip can be avoided, the drop in all indicators will have been smaller than during the Great Depression. This holds true specifically for GDP, employment and prices, and least for manufacturing output. The difference in the depth in the crises concurs with differences in policy reaction. This time monetary policy and fiscal policy were applied courageously, speedily and partly internationally coordinated. During the Great Depression for several years fiscal policy tried to stabilize budgets instead of aggregate demand, and either monetary policy was not applied or was rather ineffective insofar as deflation turned lower nominal interest rates into higher real rates. Only future research will be able to prove the exact impact of economic policy, but the current tentative conclusion is that economic policy prevented the recent crisis from developing into a second Great Depression. This is also a partial vindication for economists. The majority of them might not have been able to predict the crisis, but the science did learn its lesson from the Great Depression and was able to give decent policy advice to at least limit the depth of the recent crisis. (author's abstract)
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Riedl, Arno. "Facts and fiction in public economics how behavioral and experimental economics can inform public policy /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2006. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=12787.
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Chekly, Edward. "Étude juridique de la théorie des circonstances exceptionnelles en matière financière en droit français." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILD019.
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Une gestion financière publique exceptionnelle, dérogeant aux principes ou aux règles du droit budgétaire, comptable et financier, est possible en droit public français. Elle est probable compte tenu des exceptions admises par le droit public économique en matière d’intervention de l’État dans l’économie nationale et de la vulnérabilité financière accrue des personnes privées et des personnes publiques non étatiques dans des circonstances exceptionnelles. Le risque politique de mesures ou d’opérations financières extraordinaires, portant atteinte au droit de propriété, le cas échéant par un événement « d’insolvabilité » de l’État, est réel dans des circonstances exceptionnelles, tandis que le risque de la banalisation des mesures et opérations financières exceptionnelles, y compris extraordinaires, est limité dès lors qu’elle porte atteinte au droit de propriété ou aux droits sociaux. Si le phénomène du crédit a été avancé au premier rang des finances publiques depuis les circonstances des deux « guerres totales » de 1914 et de 1939 et de l’occupation étrangère du territoire national de 1940, les besoins publics dans les circonstances respectives et successives de la crise financière des « subprimes » de 2009, de la crise sociale des « gilets jaunes » de 2018, de la crise sanitaire de la « Covid-19 » de 2020 et de de la crise de l’énergie de 2021 ont avancé conjointement celui des engagements hors bilan de l’ÉtatExceptional public financial management, deviating from the principals or rules of budgetary, accounting and financial law, is possible under French public law. It is probable given the exceptions allowed by public economic law in matters of State intervention in the national economy and the increased financial vulnerability of private individuals and entities and non-State public persons in exceptional circumstances. The political risk of extraordinary financial measures or operations, infringing on the right to property, where applicable by an event of “insolvency” of the State, is real in exceptional circumstances, while the risk of the banalization of exceptional financial measures and operations, including extraordinary ones, is limited when they infringe on the right to property or social rights. If the phenomenon of credit has been put forward to the forefront of public finances in the circumstances of the two “total wars” of 1914 and 1939 and the foreign occupation of the national territory of 1940, public needs in the respective and successive circumstances of the “subprime” financial crisis of 2009, the social crisis of the “yellow vests” of 2018, the “Covid-19” health crisis of 2020 and the energy crisis of 2021 have jointly put forward that of the State’s off-balance sheet commitments
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França, Fernanda Pessoa de. "Economia de Mercado e Economia Solidária: Duas faces de uma mesma moeda." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7222.
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This study aimed to examine the assumptions that supported the formation of the market economy by comparing them to those aspects that nowadays, has fueled the debate on the proposed establishment of a solidarity economy. The aim is also to understand the relationship between the proposed economic solidarity, expressed through solidarity-called economic ventures, and implications contained in the dynamics of the capitalist system of production. For that, we used documentary research and bibliographic as well as statistical data for the purpose of making an analysis of the object of research, guided by critical-dialectical method. It was observed from this study that the project implementation of the solidarity economy is a rather controversial as their theoretical and practical strategies are linked historically socialist-utopian and, contemporaneously , guided by practical reformers within the capitalist system that reproduce the most dynamic and current configuration classes that change. Furthermore, it was observed that the economic solidarity projects have contributed to the expansion of the capitalist economy, particularly the financial capital and increasing precariousness of work, to the extent that their strategies differ little from those used by capitalist enterprises.
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar os pressupostos que subsidiaram a formação da economia de mercado comparando-os aos aspectos que, contemporaneamente, vem fomentando os debates sobre a proposta de constituição de uma economia solidária. Objetivou-se, ainda, compreender a relação existente entre a proposta de economia solidária, expressa por meio dos chamados empreendimentos econômico-solidários, e as implicações contidas na própria dinâmica do sistema capitalista de produção. Para tanto, utilizou-se de pesquisas documentais e bibliográficas, assim como de dados estatísticos com a finalidade de se fazer uma análise sobre o objeto de pesquisa, pautada pelo método crítico-dialético. Observou-se, a partir do referido estudo, que o projeto de implantação de uma economia solidária apresenta-se bastante controverso já que seus pressupostos teóricos e práticos vinculam-se a estratégias historicamente socialista-utópicas e, contemporaneamente, guiam-se por práticas dentro do sistema capitalista que mais reproduzem a dinâmica e a configuração de classes atual do que as modificam. Além disso, observou-se que os empreendimentos econômico-solidários têm contribuído para a expansão da economia capitalista, particularmente, do capital financeiro, e para o aumento da precarização do trabalho, na medida em que suas estratégias pouco se diferenciam daquelas utilizadas por empresas capitalistas.
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Noori, Nyaz Najmuldeen. "Faces of economic inequality in the Iraqi Kurdistan (2004-2010)." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3757.
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This thesis sheds light on the main aspects of economic inequality in the Iraqi Kurdistan. The main objective of this journey is to determine the reasons for the growing inequality in the period under study (2004-2010) in Iraqi Kurdistan, hoping to reach some conclusions which pave the way to researching it. Within this long journey, it has been argued that inequality is firstly inherited. Families have left different stores of abilities and skills to their children. However, this is not the only type of inheritance inequality. Part of the inheritance inequality has been caused by the nature of the economy and the political system, which have dominated in Iraq and Kurdistan during the last three decades. In the past, government intervention and massive regulation have been responsible for corruption and expanding inequality as a consequence, left another period of chaos. After removing Saddam, the political system has shifted to a free market, but without bringing the promised fruits for people. Corruption has a hand in expanding distances between individuals, social groups, and geographical areas. Though elements of corruption can be seen through distributing national incomes, an evaluation for the public policies tells us that even in the absence of corruption, inequality can be expanding. The culture of the labour market does not let the individuals perform well. It does not offer equal opportunities for two agents of the same age who hold the same certification. The traditional division of labour, between the market and the home, can still be observing. This division has made two types of market: the labour market and the marriage market. Women are socially encouraged to spend their energy and time on collecting the abilities that are necessary to make a good choice in the marriage market. The skills of the marriage market are clear: to be an honoured wife, who has had no previous relations with men and able to prepare food and take care of their children. Nevertheless, when they enter the labour market, they see another division: some jobs are for men, others for women. The official surveys, done by international organizations in accordance with the Ministry of Planning of both Iraq and Kurdistan, in addition to the two surveys conducted by the researcher, show that there has been a huge gap between urban and rural areas as well.
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Boccaletto, Alessio <1993>. "Facts, evidences and values: discordance in CSR actions and intents." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11849.
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Through my thesis work, I will conduct a research about CSR focusing on a particular industry which is really into this topic. I will start with a content analysis which considers at what extent declared values are followed by coherent actions in the corporate sustainability field. Another important question I would like to answer is about how it is possible that a firm, just declaring to promote certain values, without actually following them, could obtain a positive performance. Or similarly, I would consider in which ways one firm, by promoting certain values, could obtain positive results, though different from the expected ones.
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Yannias, Alexandra Clare. "'Do the data in fact deceive'? : an analysis of the roles of evaluation and the production of aid effectiveness at the World Bank." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3749af82-43d9-425d-8e08-6e53fcbf4dff.
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This is a dissertation about the organisational structure of the World Bank, the professional practice of evaluation, and the meaning of the concept of aid effectiveness in practice. In international development, evaluation is a professional activity that determines and then reports on the impacts of aid projects and programmes to the clients of such efforts and to the public. 'Aid effectiveness' is a concept that refers to a standard of how aid projects and organisations should operate and the results, such as economic growth and poverty alleviation, which these efforts should deliver in order to work. The concept of 'aid effectiveness' has also been used in the debate about international development as a system and its reform. Given that aid policymakers and academic researchers often use the data contained in development organisations evaluations to determine the extent to which aid projects and programmes are 'effective', it is critical to analyse what these evaluations measure and what influences their ratings and judgments. Based on a case study of the World Bank, the analysis is primarily qualitative and draws on both interviews with evaluation professionals in the World Bank and content analyses of the logical framework, indicators, and language in the World Bank's evaluations at the project- and country-level. Building on the previous theoretical work in post-structuralism that considers how international development organisations 'produce' their work through certain terms and processes (Escobar, 1995; Crush, 1995), I assess how the professional practice of evaluation in the Bank 'produces' the results of aid at the project- and country-level, specifically in the evaluation reports that it makes publically available. The World Banks data and evaluation reports are a window through which to understand the impact of aid, and several factors that influence this 'window' are assessed, including the institutional role of evaluation, the professional practice of evaluation, and the required evaluation processes within the World Bank. The study has important implications for practitioners of international development, academic researchers, and evaluation professionals who endeavour to improve the aid system and often rely on the results of the World Bank's evaluations to inform their understanding of the impact of particular development efforts. By reshaping the discussion from one which considers if aid 'works' to one about the data and the process of making a judgment about the success of aid projects and programmes, I articulate what the role of evaluation is in practice and what the World Bank's resulting evaluative data do and do not reflect about the World Bank's work. The relationship between the 'scales' of aid is also analysed by comparing and contrasting the evaluation processes at the project-level and the country-level. I challenge the notion of a 'micro-macro paradox' (Mosley, 1986) between the successful results of the World Banks projects and the economic development in its client countries by articulating the actual meaning of this data in context, the unseen institutional forces that shape this data, and the difficulty of asserting a linear relationship between the results of projects and programmes on different scales of aid.
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Molin, Lena. "Nyttiga bakterier och sjuka djur : En technoscience-resa från nätverksbildning till riskkonstruktion." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-716.
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The aim of the dissertation is to examine the mechanisms at work when networks are formed and risk constructions made as bodies encounter frontline technology within the food sector. The concept of technoscience TS, is the link uniting the escalating technology of risk society, rebellious nature and the insidious threats of substances absorbed straight into the metabolism of our bodies through the food that we eat. The TS viewpoint is complemented by a short overview of Beck’s theory about the risk society, in order to explain how research creates risks rather than removing them. The four case studies are all concrete manifestations of technoscience. They are: 1) a study of the alliance between a research company and a bacteria culture, 2) the section about the Gaio controversy and the creation of scientific facts, 3) the case of the scientist and high-ranking official who was sued for defamation of the Danish pig, 4) and finally the scandal of the meat-eating cows. We can observe, aided by Bruno Latour, how particularly in the first two stories, the importance of networks becomes apparent. How network analysis can be a tool for understanding the high-tech development of the food industry in the late 20th century as stories of how scientific claims – or “truths” – are reconstituted and transformed. We are also able to observe how truth is dependent on our own viewpoint, in Donna Haraway’s word it is “situated” or context dependent. The case studies are also examples of the links between body, technology and risk. Because they deal with the food product trade, the link to the body becomes obvious as dangerous food products are absorbed into the body through the food and is spread through the metabolism. The thing that sets risk construction in the use of high-tech production methods in the food trade apart from other areas is the meeting or confrontation between the man-made advanced technology and the limits determined by “nature” through the body. The linking of technology and the human body becomes particularly exciting as we notice that no matter how advanced the technology that has been used to produce a food product, it is still there to be eaten and absorbed by the metabolism of our bodies. In this area of uncertainty the dividing line between the possible and the impossible is fuzzy and changing.
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Lovisetto, Francesca <1994>. "Success and Failure: Two faces of innovation Case: Xerox Corporation." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13419.
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vorrei incentrare la mia tesi sul caso dell'azienda Xerox, prendendo in considerazione la sua storia fin dagli inizi e analizzando così gli elementi positivi, che l'hanno portata al successo, e negativi, che successivamente si sono presentati. L'azienda Xerox è un esempio molto chiaro di come l'innovazione non sia sempre facile da gestire, di come spesso sia necessaria una modifica totale o parziale del business model e dell'approccio che l'azienda ha con il mondo del mercato. Analizzando questa azienda, noi ci possiamo rendere conto di come gli elementi di forza di questa azienda siano in realtà stati successivamente il motivo della sua decadenza. Xerox ha mancato il vero successo, non è stata in grado di combattere per raggiungere gli obbiettivi prefissati e mantenerli.
Nella mia tesi ho deciso di partire dall'analisi e dalla definizione di cosa significhi innovazione prendendo in considerazione la teroia di vari studiosi, soffermandomi successivamente sul business model e poi analizzare la storia della Xerox Corporation. In modo da comprendere ciò che ha funziato e ciò che invece non l'ha fatto e successivamente supportare questo caso con la teoria necessaria. Questa azienda è un chiaro caso di come un "diamante" possa non venire sfruttato/lavorato al meglio e alla fine valere come una qualsiasi pietra.
Concluderò alla fine con una mia personale idea sul caso e su come le cose si sarebbero potute evolvere in maniera differente se solo le azioni dell'azienda fossero state diverse.
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Ho, Choong Sin. "The critical importance of the Soviet role in Vietnam's economic reforms - fact or fallacy?" Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/118455.
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At its Sixth National Party Congress in December 1986, a
drastic leadership change occurred in the Communist Party of
Vietnam (CPV). Truong Chinh, Pham Van Dong and Le Due Tho
all stepped down from top Party positions, accepting most of
the blame for the country's appalling socio-economic condition.
The new leadership that replaced them, led by Nguyen Van
Linh, is now faced with the task of reforming the country's
ailing economy.
To do this, it has embarked on a wide-ranging series of
economic reforms. As these reforms gain momentum in the
second half of the 1980s, it has seen the concomitant rise of a
new class of leaders in the Politburo labelled as "reformers",
the most prominent of whom are the country's new leader,
Nguyen Van Linh, and the State Planning Commission
Chairman. Vo Van Kiet.
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Kamleitner, Bernadette, and Stephan Dickert. "The two faces of ownership: Introduction to the special section on ownership and economic decisions." Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2015.04.011.
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Kim, Sam-Ryang. "Consumer Health Information and Changing Preferences for Fats and Oils in Japan: Cointegration and a Complete Demand System Approach." Connect to resource, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1217880687.
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Kim, Dong-Kyoon. "Consumer information and changing preference for fats and oils : application of a dynamic demand system /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487843688958234.
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Smit, Johannes Petrus. "The truth about value and the value of truth." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53692.
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Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this thesis an attempt is made to sketch the outlines of a cognitive theory of ethics, i.e. a theory in which ethical statements are a subset of descriptive statements. It is argued that the good is a quale, and that this quale roughly corresponds to what is often referred to as "pleasure". If this conceptualisation of the good is correct, then the resulting ethical theory is a cognitive, egoist version of ethical hedonism. The thesis proceeds by relating this conceptualisation of the good to economic phenomena. An investigation is then made of the conditions under which the following of a boundedly rational rule is preferable to calculating which one of the possible options available to the actor to follow. It is argued that one such rule is that "truth" should serve as a norm of inquiry. Next the issue of "altruism" is considered. It is argued that our intuitions regarding what egoist action should be are radically untrustworthy. Considerations from evolutionary biology and game theory make it clear that an egoist actor might well be best advised to perform a number of actions that would normally be termed altruistic. The next topic concerns the relation between fact and value. Arguments that claim to undermine the distinction between fact and value are argued to be fallacious. It is also argued that the correct view of the relation between fact and value can help to clarify some of the problems surrounding the conceptualisation of "objectivity". The thesis ends by considering the gains that arise from adopting the position argued for.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word 'n poging aangewend om 'n kognitiwe teorie van etiek, m.a.w 'n teorie waarbinne etiese stellings 'n subspesie van deskriptiewe stellings is, daar te stel. Daar word geargumenteer dar "die goeie" 'n quale is, en dat hierdie quale rofweg dieselfde objek is as wat dikwels na verwys word as plesier. Indien hierdie siening van "die goeie" korrek is, dan impliseer dit die moontlikheid van 'n kognitiewe, egoïstiese weergawe van etiese hedonisme. Die tesis poog eerstens om die verhouding tussen hierdie siening van "die goeie" en ekonomise fenomene te verduidelik. Daarna word ondersoek ingestel na die kondisies waaronder die volg van 'n begrensde rasionele reël 'n beter opsie vir 'n akteur is as om an al die moontlike opsies te kyk en die beste te kies. Daar word geargumenteer dat die idee dat die "waarheid" die doel van ondersoek moet wees een so 'n reël is. Volgende word daar gekyk na die kwessie van altruïsme. Daar word geargumenteer dat ons intuïsies insake die aard van egoïstiese optrede radikaalonbetroubaar is. Sekere kwessies in evolusionêre biologie en spelteorie laat dit blyk dat 'n egoïstiese akteur waarskynlik verskeie oënskynlik "altruïstiese" aksies behoort uit te voer. Die volgende kwessie wat bespreek word is die verhouding tussen feite en waardes. Daar word geargumenteer dat pogings om hierdie onderskeid te ondermyn nie suksesvol is nie. Daar word verder geargumenteer dat die korrekte siening insake hierdie verhouding sekere probleme insake die verstaan van "obkjektiwiteit" kan ophelder. Die tesis eindig deur die voordele wat uit spruit uit die aanvaarding van die posisie wat hier voor geargumenteer word.
National research Foundation (NRF)
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Skelton, Ross Alexander. "The impact of home loan key facts sheets on borrowers' comparisons of loan costs." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/91053/4/Ross_Skelton_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of the prescribed design and distribution requirements of the Australian Government's home loan key facts sheets (KFS) aimed at helping borrowers compare loan costs. The findings show that despite effectively improving borrower decision-making, few borrowers were aware of their existence and function. It was also demonstrated that KFS have had limited market impact over the four year window since introduction, likely due to the requirement that KFS provision is not required unless formally requested by a borrower. Recommendations include transferring the burden of disclosure to lenders in the first instance to address this information gap.
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Andrade, Caio César Vioto de [UNESP]. "Faces da intervenção: crise e ação estatal na economia cafeeira na República Velha (1895-1906)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138937.
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A proposta deste trabalho é traçar o caminho de consolidação da intervenção do Estado na economia cafeeira a partir da segunda metade da década de 1890 até o Convênio de Taubaté, em 1906. Procuraremos analisar quais foram os fatores não estritamente econômicos que levaram às propostas intervencionistas, os conflitos em torno da questão e como a defesa da ação estatal no setor cafeeiro se tornou predominante. Será observado como uma estrutura social com características patrimonialistas possibilitou o domínio intervencionista. Serão analisados como fontes os discursos parlamentares da época, do qual sobrevieram legislação e ação pública e privada, relatórios ministeriais, algumas leis do período e documentos relativos às instituições bancárias, em especial o Banco da República, tendo como objetivo perceber como se justificavam as pressões para a ação do Estado na economia e como isto representava as características daquela sociedade, numa relação horizontal entre as esferas política, econômica e social, de forma a se afastar do determinismo, em especial, do econômico.
The purpose of this work is to trace the path of consolidation of state intervention in the coffee economy from the second half of the 1890s to the Convênio de Taubaté in 1906. We will seek to analyze which were not strictly economic factors that led to the interventionist proposals, conflicts around the issue and how the defense of state action in the coffee sector became predominant. It will be observed as a social structure with patrimonial characteristics allowed the interventional field. Will be analyzed as sources the parliamentary speeches of the time, which befell legislation and public and private action, ministerial reports, some laws of the period and documents relating to banking institutions, especially the Banco da República, aiming to realize how justified pressures for action in the economy and how it represented the characteristics of that society, in a horizontal relationship between the political, economic and social spheres in order to move away from determinism, especially economic.
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Andrade, Caio César Vioto de. "Faces da intervenção : crise e ação estatal na economia cafeeira na República Velha (1895-1906) /." Franca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138937.
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Orientador: Pedro Geraldo Saadi TosiBnaca: Marcos Sorrilha Pinheiro
Banca: Ricardo Vélez Rodriguez
Resumo: A proposta deste trabalho é traçar o caminho de consolidação da intervenção do Estado na economia cafeeira a partir da segunda metade da década de 1890 até o Convênio de Taubaté, em 1906. Procuraremos analisar quais foram os fatores não estritamente econômicos que levaram às propostas intervencionistas, os conflitos em torno da questão e como a defesa da ação estatal no setor cafeeiro se tornou predominante. Será observado como uma estrutura social com características patrimonialistas possibilitou o domínio intervencionista. Serão analisados como fontes os discursos parlamentares da época, do qual sobrevieram legislação e ação pública e privada, relatórios ministeriais, algumas leis do período e documentos relativos às instituições bancárias, em especial o Banco da República, tendo como objetivo perceber como se justificavam as pressões para a ação do Estado na economia e como isto representava as características daquela sociedade, numa relação horizontal entre as esferas política, econômica e social, de forma a se afastar do determinismo, em especial, do econômico.
Abstract: The purpose of this work is to trace the path of consolidation of state intervention in the coffee economy from the second half of the 1890s to the Convênio de Taubaté in 1906. We will seek to analyze which were not strictly economic factors that led to the interventionist proposals, conflicts around the issue and how the defense of state action in the coffee sector became predominant. It will be observed as a social structure with patrimonial characteristics allowed the interventional field. Will be analyzed as sources the parliamentary speeches of the time, which befell legislation and public and private action, ministerial reports, some laws of the period and documents relating to banking institutions, especially the Banco da República, aiming to realize how justified pressures for action in the economy and how it represented the characteristics of that society, in a horizontal relationship between the political, economic and social spheres in order to move away from determinism, especially economic.
Mestre
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Coêlho, Fabiano Costa. "Duas faces da mesma moeda: alcance e limites das microfinanças na luta contra a pobreza." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-02072007-155130/.
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Com o objetivo de concluir quanto ao alcance e aos limites das microfinanças na luta contra a pobreza, este trabalho contém duas partes principais, sendo uma centrada na discussão sobre desenvolvimento e a outra enfocando a literatura empírica sobre impacto de programas de microfinanças e de microcrédito em seus beneficiários. Tendo por base a discussão realizada dos estudos empíricos mais rigorosos, em termos de isolamento do efeito da participação em programas financeiros voltados aos pobres ? isto é, basicamente, estudos que controlaram as variáveis observáveis e as não observáveis ?, pode-se concluir que as iniciativas microfinanceiras podem trazer benefícios diretamente aos componentes de famílias pobres. Tais benefícios estão ligados principalmente à esfera da estabilização do consumo. Por outro lado, deve-se reconhecer que, apesar de seus benefícios bastante apreciáveis, as microfinanças não podem ser consideradas uma espécie de panacéia. Em relação a essa questão, o mérito deste trabalho está em discutir essas limitações não tão-somente do ponto de vista dos resultados que não são encontrados pelos estudos, mas também sob o enfoque amplo da compreensão das bases de funcionamento da sociedade. De acordo com a linha de análise adotada, apoiada em textos de Celso Furtado e de Milton Santos, a sociedade subdesenvolvida se pautaria, por seu funcionamento, por criar uma massa de subaproveitados, e tal fator pode ser visto como uma peça-chave para compreender a economia dos pobres e seus princípios de organização que, por sua vez, constituem o contexto onde operam as microfinanças. Assim, essa visão do subdesenvolvimento, além de contribuir para o entendimento da vida econômica dos pobres, contribui de maneira decisiva para a delimitação das possibilidades das iniciativas microfinanceiras, não esperando delas solução para dificuldades criadas e realimentadas, fundamentalmente, pelo modo como a sociedade funciona. Entre as questões suscitadas a partir dos achados empíricos discutidos, o trabalho referese, ainda, ao aparato regulatório sobre o setor microfinanceiro no Brasil, considerando o seu eventual aprimoramento, no sentido de tornar as iniciativas potencialmente mais benéficas aos pobres.Aiming at debating the scope of microfinance in the fight against poverty, this paper is divided into two main parts, one of which centered in the discussion of development and the other, focused on the empirical literature about the impact of microfinance and microcredit programs on the beneficiary parts. Based on the discussion included in the most rigorous empirical studies, regarding the isolation of the effect of participation in financial programs aimed at the poor ? that is, basically, studies that controlled the observable and non-observable variables -, it is possible to conclude that the microfinance initiatives can directly benefit the components of poor families. Such benefits are mainly linked to the stabilization of consumption. On the other hand, despite the extremely pleasant benefits, the microfinance cannot be considered a kind of panacea. Regarding this issue, the merit of this paper is to debate these limitations not only from the point-of-view of the lack of results that are showed in the studies, but also under the broad scope of comprehending the society functioning bases. According to the line of analysis adopted, based on texts by Celso Furtado and Milton Santos, the underdeveloped society creates, due to its functioning, a great group of underused people, and this fact can be seen as a key to comprehend the economy of the poor and their principles of organization, which are part of the scenario that encompasses microfinance. Therefore, this view of the underdevelopment, in addition to contributing for the understanding of the economic life of the poor, highly contributes for the delimitation of the possibilities of microfinance programs, which should not be expected to solve the difficulties that are created and fed, basically, by the way society works. Among the questions raised as a result of the discussions of empirical studies, the paper still refers to the regulatory aspects underlying the microfinance sector in Brazil, considering its eventual improvement, aiming at turning the initiatives potentially more favorable to the poor.
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Noll, Laura. "Neural Responses to Unfamiliar Infant Faces in Mothers Raising Young Children Under Conditions of Economic Adversity: An Event-Related Potential Study." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24183.
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Infant faces represent highly salient visual stimuli that have been shown to elicit intuitive caregiving behaviors in healthy adults. However, the temporal dynamics of infant face processing in parents of young children remain poorly understood and the mechanism of action for the release of intuitive caregiving has not been elucidated. Although substantial advances have been made mapping the parental brain with fMRI, further work is needed to characterize the temporal dynamics of infant visual cue processing—particularly in populations at risk for disruptions in caregiving, such as families raising young children under conditions of economic adversity. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the temporal dynamics of caregivers’ neural responses to unfamiliar infant faces in a sample of mothers raising young children with limited financial resources.
To achieve this goal, this study utilized an event-related potential (ERP) paradigm—in combination with self-report and observational measures—to (1) examine the temporal dynamics of mothers’ infant face processing across different phases of perceptual processing; (2) test the relationship between mothers’ neural responses to unfamiliar infant faces and to other aspects of parental function; and (3) examine whether mothers’ neural responses to unfamiliar infant faces are sensitive to change with intervention. Three ERP components examined in prior work with caregivers (i.e., the P100, N170, and P300) were utilized to index the temporal dynamics of infant cue processing and two separate sets of analyses (Study 1 and Study 2) were conducted. Broadly speaking, the data collected in this investigation suggest that, for mothers raising young children under conditions of economic adversity, the parental brain begins differentiating between infant emotional expressions very early in the temporal course of stimulus perception and that mothers’ ERPs for unfamiliar infant faces are associated with other aspects of parental function, including self-reported experience and observable caregiving behavior. Preliminary analyses suggest that ERPs for unfamiliar infant faces are sensitive to change via a strength-based parenting program designed to reinforce caregivers’ attention to infant cues. These results are discussed with an emphasis on directions for future research and study limitations.
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Franco, Stefano. "Tourism and Corporate Sustainability: Fads or Facts? Institutions, Strategies, Activities and Performance in the Hospitality Industry." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/203959.
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Are You Good Enough? CSR, Quality Management and Corporate Financial Performance in the Hospitality Industry. The Transfer of CS Practices within MNEs in the Hotel Sector: Do Institutions Matter? Hotels’ sustainability commitment and materiality: a cluster analysis of hotels belonging to international chains.
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Cabrita, Sofia Alexandra Santos. "Os faits divers no jornalismo económico: do bom senso à realidade das notícias." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9056.
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Relatório de Estágio apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à
obtenção do grau de Mestre em JornalismoO jornalismo económico, como área de especialização que é, carece, à partida, de grande rigor e seriedade. No entanto, perguntemo-nos, e o entretenimento característico da maioria das publicações? Será que a economia tem espaço para os faits divers? E como devem ser esses “factos diversos”? Foi esta a questão a que tentámos responder ao longo do presente relatório, partindo de exemplos de notícias de entretenimento redigidas no decorrer do estágio de quatro meses realizado na Agência Financeira, TVI.
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Cipolato, Giorgia <1996>. ""De Facto Hybrid Organizations: A Research Analysis on a Sample of International Publicly Listed Companies"." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18867.
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This project is about a research analysis based on a sample of international publicly listed companies built through the online data collection. The main argument is the concept of hybrid organizations, companies that pursue at the same time financial and social objectives. These hybrid organizations can be studied and analysed as an innovative phenomenon able to combine multiple resources such as human resources, activities and financing, aimed at satisfying the needs of the community pursuing at the same time an economic activity.
The aim of this thesis is to investigate if in the international landscape there are companies that can be considered de facto hybrid organizations due to the fact that they are able to pursue at the same time a good economic-financial performance and a social objective.
In order to carry out such analysis it has been used the price-to-earnings ratio as indicator of a good financial performance, while for the social performance it has been used the sustainability rating assigned to these companies by the European agency Standard Ethics. The sample of companies is made up of Chinese, Japanese, American, European and Non-European organizations that are publicly listed, so, for which, data are available online.
Thus, the analysis is targeted at investigating the existence of any variables or factors that are relevant for the hybridity of these companies. Then, after having identified the presence of any statistically relevant variables, the importance and the meaning of these factors on the results obtained will be explored.
The thesis is organized in five chapters: in the first chapter a literature review of hybrid organizations has been made, and a brief excursus of the concepts of innovation and social innovation is presented, with a focus on the notion of Social Enterprise since it can be considered as a laboratory to understand the concept of hybrid organizations. Therefore, hybrid organizations, their organizational structure, their business model, their characteristics and distinctive elements, their type of governance and leadership, have been studied and explained in the first chapter.
In the second chapter the process by which the sample of companies has been made and the sources of data that have been used are presented. Thus, the types of variables that have been collected and their meaning for the analysis are explained. Moreover, the logistic regression analysis with all its characteristics, the statistical program that has been used, the commands and the considerations that have been made, are presented and illustrated in detail. Finally, from a statistical point of view, a brief explanation and elaboration of the empirical results is given.
The following three chapters are focused on the description and explanation of the empirical results. In particular, the third chapter presents the financial variable that from the analysis is resulted significative for the probability of companies to be de facto hybrid organizations. The fourth chapter is based on an overview of the sustainability policies and regulations in Europe and China given the fact that from the analysis emerges that these two countries are relevant for the probability of companies to be de facto hybrid organizations. In conclusion, in the fifth and last chapter the focus is on sustainability across sectors since the logistic regression analysis shows that high-tech industries are statistically relevant for the probability of companies to be de facto hybrid organizations.
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Hakobyan, Lilit. "Essays on growth and political transition." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-92600.
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Pashi, Katenda. "An economic analysis of the production and utilization of high-oil corn on mixed crop and beef cattle farms in north central Missouri /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025643.
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Garcia, Luiz Antonio Marques. "Analisando flutuações de um mercado financeiro artificial baseado na expectativa de riqueza dos agentes." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15532.
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Esta dissertação apresenta uma proposta de modelo de mercado financeiro artificial que reproduz séries de retornos com propriedades estatísticas universais semelhantes às observadas em séries reais. Dentre as propriedades, também chamadas de fatos estilizados na Economia, as séries artificiais de retornos exibiram ausência de autocorrelação para os retornos simples, leis de potência para autocorrelação para os retornos absolutos e quadráticos, excesso de curtose nas distribuições de retorno, gaussianidade agregacional e volatilidade clusterizada. Cabe salientar, que não há na literatura um outro mercado artificial que reproduziu tantos fatos estilizados conjuntamente. O modelo dinâmico e síncrono é baseado em agentes que transacionam ativos com risco como ações de empresa através de ordens de compra e venda enviadas ao mercado a cada período de tempo. O preço de mercado das ações é calculado da média ponderada pelo volume das ordens negociadas entre os agentes. O objetivo dos agentes é maximizar sua riqueza e, para isso, seguem ou a estratégia fundamentalista utilizando os dividendos para calcular os preços das ações ou a estratégia técnica baseada em análise de séries temporais. A principal contribuição da modelagem foi acrescentar às estratégias um fator de aprendizado em que o agente considera sua habilidade individual passada de previsão de riqueza esperada para calcular os retornos futuros. Este trabalho também mediu o coeficiente de Gini para descobrir como algumas variáveis de mercado afetavam a distribuição de riqueza dos agentes e, além disso, estudou quais valores de dividendo tornavam uma estratégia mais eficiente que outra. Por fim, incorporaram-se características evolutivas aos agentes possibilitandoos a trocar de estratégias no decorrer da simulação e, com isso, os resultados mostraram aumento da riqueza dos agentes.This work presents a new artificial stock market model for reproducing price time series of assets in such market model. For a suitable validation of the model, we verified several statistical and universal properties (called stylized facts in the Economics Literature) and similar results are obtained with data extracted from real stock markets. We investigate several properties including absence of autocorrelation for simple returns and the power behavior law of autocorrelation for absolute and quadratic returns, excess of kurtosis, aggregational gaussianity, and clustered volatility. It is important to mention that no other similar artificial model has investigated so many statistical universalities. Our synchronous model is based on agents negotiating risk assets through purchase and sale orders. These orders are stored in books for each simulation step. The weighted average volume of all orders negotiated by the agents determines the price of an asset. For the sake of simplicity, our model considers two kinds of strategies: 1. Fundamentalist - where one uses the dividends to calculate the expected return of an asset; 2. Trend predictor - where one obtains the expected returns directly from an analysis of the price time series. One of the main contributions of our model was to add a term that works as the expected wealth of an agent. This is considered an important psychological factor in the decision making process. In addition, we consider an income inequality index to analyze the wealth distribution of the agents: the Gini-coefficient, which predicts an inequality interval of [0 (society completely fair),1 (society completely unfair)]. We also study the influence of the dividends and risk free assets parameters on this coefficient. Finally, some evolutionary features of the model are analyzed. Our results show an increase in agent’s wealth when strategies are updated according to the following criteria: if expected wealth does not reach a given threshold, the agent changes his strategy from Fundamentalist to Trend Predictor or vice-versa. If the expected wealth reaches the specified threshold, the agent keeps his initial strategy. We tested different threshold values in this analysis and the conclusion was confirmed in all cases studied.
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Lopes, Edmar Aparecido de Barra e. "As novas faces da informalidade na Região Central de Goiania-GO : os trabalhadores ambulantes em um contexto de tranformação do mercado de trabalho." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280158.
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Orientador: Angela Maria Carneiro AraujoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: As transformações no mundo do trabalho nos anos 70 e, sobretudo, a partir dos 80 e 90, resultaram em uma crise do fordismo e na consolidação de novas tendências no mundo do trabalho, caracterizadas por processos de redução do número de operários (trabalhadores industriais tradicionais), aumento da terceirização, heterogeneização crescente com a ampliação de mulheres operárias e intensificação da proletarização, caracterizada pelas novas modalidades contratuais que implicam em empregos precários e em tempo parcial. De modo geral, a literatura especializada tem apontado para o fato de que um dos principais impactos da reestruturação produtiva na dinâmica do mercado de trabalho e no cotidiano de vida dos trabalhadores é a crise do ¿trabalho protegido¿ e suas interfaces com o crescimento das atividades ¿informais¿. Nesse sentido, a grande questão que conduziu esta pesquisa se expressa nas seguintes inquietações: estão ocorrendo mudanças na informalidade da região central de Goiânia em função desse quadro de transformações? Em caso positivo, o que há de novo nessa nova informalidade? O que muda no perfil dos ambulantes? Quais novos processos caracterizariam sua inserção na economia? Como as mudanças produtivas, associadas às novas tecnologias, as têm afetado? A crise do emprego, a reestruturação produtiva e a precarização do mercado de trabalho formal contribuem para a constituição de uma nova heterogeneidade? Ainda, o que há de novo na relação desse setor informal da região central de Goiânia-GO com o poder público a partir dos anos 80 e 90?
Abstract: The transformations in the world of the work in the 70s and, over all, from the 80s and 90s, had resulted in a crisis of the ¿Fordism¿ and in the consolidation of new trends in the world of the work, characterized by processes of reduction of the number of laborers (traditional industrial workers), increase of the outsourcing process, increasing heterogeneity with the magnifying of women in labor and intensifying of the proletariat process, characterized by the new contractual modalities that imply in precarious jobs and partial time. In a general way, the specialized literature has pointed to the fact that one of the main impacts of the productive reorganization in the dynamics of the work trade and in the daily life of the workers is the crisis of the "protecting work" and its interfaces with the growth of "the informal" activities. In this direction, the great question that leads this research expresses itself in the following fidgets: are changes in the informality of the central region of Goiânia occurring in function of this kind of transformations? In positive case, what is new in this new informality? What does it change in the profile of the ambulant ones? What would new processes characterize their insertion in the economy? How have the productive changes, associated to the new technologies, affected them? Do the crisis of the job, the productive reorganization and the precarious conditions of the formal work trade contribute for the constitution of a new heterogeneity? And, what is new in the relation of this informal sector of the central region of Goiânia-GO with the public power from the 80s and 90s?
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciências Sociais
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Firmin, Célia. "Financiarisation, répartition et croissance. Quelques faits stylisés à l'épreuve d'un modèle stock-flux." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289304.
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Cette thèse s'interroge sur les effets de la financiarisation sur la répartition des revenus et la croissance en France depuis le milieu des années 1980. Dans un premier temps, nous dressons un bilan des transformations institutionnelles et macroéconomiques françaises entre 1970 et 2006, qui nous permet de donner une définition empirique de la financiarisation. Trois principales évolutions macroéconomiques ressortent. La première est un recul de la part salariale, qui se stabilise dans les années 1990 à un niveau inférieur à celui des années 1960. Cependant, malgré ce redressement des taux de marge, le taux d'accumulation diminue de façon tendancielle. Enfin, les dividendes distribués par les sociétés non financières augmentent. Ces évolutions ont lieu dans un contexte où les transformations institutionnelles ont conduit à la propagation des principes de création de valeur pour l'actionnaire. Notre démarche théorique a ensuite consisté à construire un cadre modélisé permettant d'analyser les conséquences de l'influence croissante des actionnaires. Pour ce faire, nous avons mobilisé un modèle kaleckien dans un cadre stock-flux cohérent. On montre alors que les effets de la financiarisation sont ambivalents. L'accroissement des normes de rentabilité financière tend à déprimer à la fois la part salariale et l'investissement. Le recul de la croissance entraîne une aggravation du chômage qui entretient en retour la faible progression des salaires et de la demande globale. Cependant, la hausse des dividendes distribués limite ces effets en soutenant pour partie la consommation et la croissance, ce qui stabilise la part salariale.
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Lima, Angela Maria de Sousa. "As faces da subcontratação do trabalho : um estudo com trabalhadoras e trabalhadores da confecção de roupas de Cianorte e região." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280160.
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Orientador: Angela Maria Carneiro AraujoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: O setor de confecções de roupas de Cianorte configura-se como uma rede de terceirização, caracterizada pelo redimensionamento do trabalho subcontratado (cooperativo, faccionista, domiciliar, formal, informal) e pela presença intensiva do trabalho precarizado das mulheres. Tal constatação nos impulsionou a investigar as razões que levaram esse setor a intensificar essa rede de subcontratação do trabalho e as características dos trabalhadores empregados nesse segmento a partir das mudanças provocadas pela reestruturação produtiva. O município em estudo contém um aglomerado produtivo recente (APL) que mantém um padrão de especialização regional de produção de jeans e de roupas femininas ("modinha"). A pesquisa procurou entender o redimensionamento entre os diversos tipos de contratos de trabalho, alguns tradicionalmente presentes nesse setor como a facção, ocorrido com o processo de rearranjo produtivo local, que sobrevive às rápidas mudanças ditadas pela moda em um contexto de significativa flexibilização, sustentada à custa da exploração crescente de muitas trabalhadoras e trabalhadores sem registro em carteira. Procurou-se com esta pesquisa compreender o processo histórico de industrialização de roupas no município, o perfil das trabalhadoras e trabalhadores formais, informais e que se encontram recentemente na condição de desempregadas(os); conhecer as conseqüências provocadas pelos processos de flexibilização, informalidade e terceirização nas condições e relações de trabalho que envolvem particularmente as mulheres, compreender as razões da persistência do trabalho das mulheres nas facções e no domicílio; entender que novos elementos caracterizam esse setor produtivo na região, dando especial atenção às questões de gênero e à divisão sexual do trabalho nas empresas formais, nas facções, no domicílio e nas cooperativas de modo a mostrar como se alteram as relações entre os elos da cadeia, bem como o uso do trabalho de homens e mulheres em cada um deles. entre os achados da pesquisa, destacamos a ocorrência de uma "nova informalidade", "não-transitória", que pode ser compreendida como relações de trabalho que conservam aspectos tradicionais, mas estão associadas a novos processos de subcontratação, nos quais vigoram a precariedade e a ilegalidade. Como exemplo dessas novas configurações cabe mencionar as chamadas "facções masculinas" de customização de calças jeans e as cooperativas de costura e de bordado formadas em distritos circunvizinhos, como recurso das empresas na busca pela redução de custos. Em síntese, se por um lado o processo de reestruturação do setor de confecções na região de Cianorte ampliou os mecanismos de flexibilização e modernização da produção de roupas, por outro, intensificou a precarização do trabalho, especialmente para as mulheres, combinando novas estratégias de organização da produção com a manutenção de formas antigas de trabalho
Abstract: The sector of clothes confection in Cianorte - Paraná configures itself as a net of decentralization characterized by the redimension of the subcontracted work (cooperative of faction, accomplished home, formal, informal) and by intensive presence of the women's exploiting work. His verification impelled us to investigate the reasons that took this sector to intensify this net of subcontracted work and the characteristics of the workers employed in this segment to start the charges provoked by the productive restructuring action. The municipal district in study comprehends a recent and productive agglomerate (APL) which maintains a standard of regional specialization of jeans production and of female clothes ("little fashion"). The search looked for understanding the redimension among the several kinds of contracts of work, some traditionally present in this sector as a faction, occurred with the process of productive and local charges which survives to the fast charges caused by the mode in a context of significative flexibility, supported tat the expense of the crescent exploration of many workers (men and women) without register in employment book. It looked for itself with this search to understand the historical process the clothes industrialization in the city, the formal and informal worker's profile and that find themselves in the condition of unemployeds (men and women), to know the consequences provoked by the process of flexibility, informality and decentralization, in the conditions and relations of work that involve in particular, the women, to understand the reasons of the persistence of the women's work in the factions and in home; to understand that new elements characterize this productive sector in the region, giving special attention to the questions of gender, and to the sexual division of work in the formal enterprises in the factions, home and in the cooperatives in way to show how the relations alter themselves among the links of the chain, and also the use of the men's and women's work in each of them. Among the discoveries of the search, we detach the occurrence of a "new informality", "no-transitory", that can be understood as relations of work that conserve traditional aspects, but they are associated to the new process of subcontracted work, in which invigorate the precariousness and the illegality, as example of these new configurations, to be proper mention the called "male factions" of personification of jeans trousers and the cooperatives of sewing and embroidery formed in neighboring districts as resources of the enterprises in search of the reduction of costs. In synthesis, if by a side, the process of restructuring of the confections in region of Cianorte enlarged the mechanisms of flexibility and modernization of clothes production, by other, intensified the precarious of work, especially for the women, combining new strategies of organization of the production with the maintenance of ancient forms of work
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciências Sociais
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Evertsson, Marie. "Facets of Gender : Analyses of the Family and the Labour Market." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : [Institutet för social forskning], Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-28.
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Silva, Filho Silvério Catureba da 1960. "Aproveitamento dos óleos de frituras do Município de Campinas para obtenção de biodiesel." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266819.
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Orientador: Elias Basile TambourgiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi mostrar como reduzir os impactos ambientais causados pelos óleos de frituras usados, através da produção de biodiesel. O estudo foi realizado na cidade de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, na qual foi realizada uma análise dos custos e da logística da produção do biodiesel. Para tanto, os óleos de fritura usados foram coletados em algumas residências da cidade, misturado com etanol nas algumas proporções de 1:9 até 1:5 e transesterificados a 60°C, por 30min ou 90 min, para obter o biodiesel, usando o NaOH como catalisador. Os resultados das análises físico-químicas mostraram que os biodieseis obtidos encontraram-se dentro dos padrões da legislação brasileira. Este combustível pode ser usado nas frotas de ônibus, caminhões e máquinas, ou pode ser vendido para a um distribuidor; o que irá reduzir os custos com a aquisição de combustível entre U$ 0,8 e 4,5 milhões. Assim, Campinas poderá ganhar créditos ambientais e tornar-se uma cidade sustentável. Como proposta para coleta dos óleos usados, sugere-se o uso do plano logístico da coleta de lixo, através da anexação de um reservatório para os óleos, nos caminhões de lixo. A planta de biodiesel deve ser instalada no Distrito de Barão Geraldo, por estar próximo à refinaria de petróleo de Paulínia, às auto-estradas de grande importância nacional e às indústrias farmacêuticas, pois facilitará à aquisição de insumos e a distribuição e venda dos produtos
Abstract: The objective of this work was to show to reduce the environmental impacts of used cooking oils through the production of biodiesel. This study was conducted in Campinas city, São Paulo state from Brazil, in which were make an analysis of cost and logistic of the biodiesel producing. Cooking oils collected from Campinas homes were mixed with ethanol in some proportions and transesterified at 60°C, for 30 min or 90 min, in order to obtain biodiesel, using NaOH as a catalyst. The results of the physical-chemical analyses demonstrated that the biodiesels obtained possessed characteristics close to those required by Brazilian standards. This fuel could be used in fleets of buses, trucks and machines, or even sold to fuel distributors; which will be able to give a solving between U$ 0.8 and 4.5 millions. Thus, Campinas would gain environmental credits and become a sustainable city. As a proposal to collect the used cooking oils must be used the logistical planning to collect of garbage from Campinas houses, thought of one reservoir attached in garbage trucks. The biodiesel industrial plant must be placed in Barão Geraldo district, due to be next of petroleum refinery from Paulínia, highways of national importance and pharmaceutical industries; because it facilitates the acquisition of inputs and the distribution and sale of products
Mestrado
Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Eriksson, Joakim, and Anastasiya Afanaseva. "Fake news : Kan korrekt information motverka lögner?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354708.
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Sveriges regering och SÄPO har identifierat fake news som ett hot mot demokratin. I denna studie undersöker vi om fake news påverkar individer, trots att de vid samma tillfälle erhåller korrekt information inom ämnet. Detta gjordes genom en enkätundersökning på studenter vid Uppsala universitet. Vi fann att erhållandet av korrekt information inte är tillräckligt för att motverka effekten av att exponeras för falsk information. De studenter som fick läsa en mening med falsk information var 15 procentenheter mer sannolika att svara att de anser att staten lägger för mycket resurser på invandringen jämfört med kontrollgruppen. Resultatet tyder på att politiker, organisationer och privatpersoner kan dra nytta av att sprida fake news, att de kan göra så anonymt, och att faktagranskning ensamt inte kan stävja problemet med fake news.The Swedish government and the Swedish Security Service have identified fake news as a threat to democracy. In this study, we investigate if fake news affect individuals, even though they receive correct information regarding the subject simultaneously. This was accomplished through handing out a survey to students at Uppsala University. We found that obtaining correct information is insufficient to counteract the effects of being exposed to fake news. The students who read a sentence with false information were 15 percentage points more likely to answer that they believe that the Swedish government allocates too much resources towards immigration compared to the control group. The result indicate that politicians, organizations and individuals can take advantage of spreading fake news, that they can do so anonymously, and that fact checking alone cannot solve the problem of fake news.
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Lou, Yaorong. "THREE ESSAYS ON EXCHANGE RATE AND CAPITAL CONTROLS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/economics_etds/39.
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This dissertation consists of essays that study exchange rate pass-through, China’s de facto exchange rate regime, and China’s capital controls. The first essay studies exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) by using a set of data from ten countries including four advanced economies and six Asian emerging markets. The price indices used in this essay include consumer price, producer price, import price and export price indices. While most literature only include the import price index, this essay also puts emphasis on the export price index. It investigates the asymmetry in the ERPT between depreciation and appreciation of domestic currency by using a non-linear OLS model; meanwhile, the short-run and long-run effects of ERPT are also compared with each other. It also detects possible structural change in the ERPT and finds most structural change points are around the Great Recession and Asia financial crisis. Finally, a VAR model is developed to detect the impulse responses of prices to exchange rate shock. The second essay is about China’s exchange rate regime. It has changed a lot since the 2005 reform. It is interesting and important to investigate China’s de facto exchange rate regime with the most recent data. This essay follows Frankel and Wei’s (2008) method, by applying both the basic model and new model with the exchange market pressure (EMP) variable to currency basket for the Chinese yuan exchange rate. I select the US dollar, the Euro, the British pound, the Japanese yen, the Canadian dollar, the Australian dollar and the Russian ruble as component currencies of the basket, based on free floaters, GDP and trade volume. I also add results from a VAR model, considering the endogeneity issue, and the results are consistent with those of OLS. I find the weight of the US dollar declines dramatically and the variation of the Chinese yuan becomes much larger after 2015. This implies that China has been transferring its exchange rate regime from dollar pegged to free floating. The third essay investigates the effectiveness of China’s capital controls. In recent years, after 2014, China’s foreign reserves declined dramatically, from 4 trillion US dollars to 3 trillion US dollars. There was a huge amount of capital outflows from China during 2015 to 2016. This phenomenon lets us reconsider the question: Are China’s capital controls still effective? I will use five methods to measure the effectiveness of China’s capital controls, including de jure indicators, saving-investment correlation test, covered interest rate parity, real interest rate differentials and Edwards-Kahn model. The de jure indicators I use are from Fernández et al. (2016) and Chinn and Ito (2008). I compare China with the US, the UK and Japan in the saving-investment correlation test, and with the Eurozone and Japan in covered interest rate parity, real interest rate differentials and Edwards-Kahn model. Various results indicate that China’s capital controls are still effective.
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Benest, Serge. "Recomposition de l’ordre disciplinaire et analyse des faits économiques : le cas de la VIe Section et de l’Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN010/document.
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Ce travail explique les transformations de la division du travail intellectuel dans les sciences sociales à travers l’étude des faits économiques au sein de l’EHESS et de son ancêtre la VIe Section.Créée grâce au soutien de la fondation Rockefeller en 1947, la VIe Section entend répondre aux importants besoins d’expertise économique issus de la reconstruction d’après-guerre. Les « économistes réalistes » y revendiquent alors une approche pluraliste des faits économiques selon laquelle l’étude des structures de l’économie s’appuie sur des méthodologies issues d’autres sciences sociales.Rapidement, cependant, cette approche est considérée par les mécènes de la section comme trop académique et les tentatives de rapprochement avec les pouvoirs politique et économique échouent au milieu des années 1950. En outre, la refonte de l’agenda scientifique de la VIe Section autour du programme d’étude des aires culturelles, grâce au soutien de la fondation Rockefeller dans le contexte de guerre froide culturelle, favorise d’autres approches des faits économiques, en particulier celles de l’histoire économique et de l’anthropologie économique. Dès lors, la discipline économique marque le pas dans la section : seuls 6 économistes sont élus parmi les plus de 150 directeurs d’études qui le sont entre 1958 et 1972.Au milieu des années 1970, la nouvelle direction de l’institution assure le renouveau de la discipline économique autour de la modélisation. Cette approche, tournée vers des critères de validation scientifique internationaux, éloigne de facto les économistes des autres chercheurs en sciences socialesThis work analyzes the transformations in the division of intellectual labor in social science by considering the study of economic facts within the Sixth Section and the EHESS in the postwar era. Created with the support of the Rockefeller Foundation in 1947, the Sixth Section was meant to meet the need for economic expertise during reconstruction. First, “realistic economists”, then dominant within the institution, advocated a pluralistic approach to economic facts and used the methodology of other social sciences. Very quickly, however, this approach was considered too removed from the patrons’ concerns and the attempts to bring economists closer to political and economic powers failed in the mid-1950s. In addition, the reorganization of the scientific agenda of the Sixth Section around the so-called “areas study program” promoted other approaches to economic facts, in particular economic history and economic anthropology, accentuating the decline of economics at EHESS. In the mid-1970s, however, the institution's new leadership helped the revival of economics around theoretical modeling. Based on international scientific standards, this approach estranged economists from other social science disciplines
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ROSSIGNOLI, DOMENICO. "DEMOCRACY, INSTITUTIONS AND GROWTH: EXPLORING THE BLACK BOX." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1870.
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La letteratura economica e politologica evidenzia un ampio consenso sull’esistenza di un effetto positivo sulla crescita di lungo periodo da parte di diritti di proprietà, stato di diritto e, in generale, istituzioni economiche. Contestualmente, il rapporto tra democrazia e crescita rimane teoricamente poco chiaro mentre l'evidenza empirica è in gran parte inconcludente. Questo studio cerca di riconciliare i fatti stilizzati su crescita e democrazia qui evidenziati, che dimostrano l'esistenza di un "successo sinergico" negli ultimi trent'anni, con la teoria esistente e l’evidenza empirica. Dopo aver dettagliatamente scandagliato la letteratura esistente, questo studio suggerisce che l’effetto della democrazia sulla crescita di lungo periodo sia indiretto, mediato dalle istituzioni. Per testare questa ipotesi si propone un modello di analisi originale, applicato ad un panel di 194 paesi osservati nel periodo 1961-2010, utilizzando lo stimatore System-GMM e una vasta gamma di controlli. I risultati dell’analisi suggeriscono che la democrazia è positivamente correlata a istituzioni “più favorevoli” alla crescita economica, in particolare diritti di proprietà e stato di diritto. Inoltre, l’evidenza empirica supporta la tesi di un effetto indiretto complessivamente positivo della democrazia sulla crescita. Infine, si propone uno sviluppo ulteriore dell’analisi, concentrato sulle determinanti della democrazia, ricercando possibili concause nell’interazione con i processi economici.Economic and political science literature show a wide consensus about the positive effect of property rights, contract enforcing arrangements and, more generally, economic institutions to long-run growth. Conversely, the linkage between democracy and growth remains unclear and not conclusively supported by empirical research. This work is an attempt to reconcile the stylized facts about democracy and growth –evidencing a long-run “synergic success” between the two terms – with theoretical and empirical literature. After thoroughly surveying the relevant literature on the topic, this study claims that the effect of democracy on long-run growth is indirect, channeled by the means of institutions. To test this hypothesis, the thesis provides an original analytical framework which is applied to a panel of 194 countries over the period 1961-2010, adopting a System-GMM estimation technique and a wide range of robustness controls. The results suggest that democracy is positively related to “better” (namely more growth-enhancing) institutions, especially with respect to economic institutions and rule of law. Hence, the findings suggest that the overall effect on growth is positive, indirect and channeled by institutions. However, since the results are not completely conclusive, a further investigation is suggested, on further determinants of democracy, potentially affecting its pro-growth effect.
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ROSSIGNOLI, DOMENICO. "DEMOCRACY, INSTITUTIONS AND GROWTH: EXPLORING THE BLACK BOX." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1870.
Full textAbstract:
La letteratura economica e politologica evidenzia un ampio consenso sull’esistenza di un effetto positivo sulla crescita di lungo periodo da parte di diritti di proprietà, stato di diritto e, in generale, istituzioni economiche. Contestualmente, il rapporto tra democrazia e crescita rimane teoricamente poco chiaro mentre l'evidenza empirica è in gran parte inconcludente. Questo studio cerca di riconciliare i fatti stilizzati su crescita e democrazia qui evidenziati, che dimostrano l'esistenza di un "successo sinergico" negli ultimi trent'anni, con la teoria esistente e l’evidenza empirica. Dopo aver dettagliatamente scandagliato la letteratura esistente, questo studio suggerisce che l’effetto della democrazia sulla crescita di lungo periodo sia indiretto, mediato dalle istituzioni. Per testare questa ipotesi si propone un modello di analisi originale, applicato ad un panel di 194 paesi osservati nel periodo 1961-2010, utilizzando lo stimatore System-GMM e una vasta gamma di controlli. I risultati dell’analisi suggeriscono che la democrazia è positivamente correlata a istituzioni “più favorevoli” alla crescita economica, in particolare diritti di proprietà e stato di diritto. Inoltre, l’evidenza empirica supporta la tesi di un effetto indiretto complessivamente positivo della democrazia sulla crescita. Infine, si propone uno sviluppo ulteriore dell’analisi, concentrato sulle determinanti della democrazia, ricercando possibili concause nell’interazione con i processi economici.Economic and political science literature show a wide consensus about the positive effect of property rights, contract enforcing arrangements and, more generally, economic institutions to long-run growth. Conversely, the linkage between democracy and growth remains unclear and not conclusively supported by empirical research. This work is an attempt to reconcile the stylized facts about democracy and growth –evidencing a long-run “synergic success” between the two terms – with theoretical and empirical literature. After thoroughly surveying the relevant literature on the topic, this study claims that the effect of democracy on long-run growth is indirect, channeled by the means of institutions. To test this hypothesis, the thesis provides an original analytical framework which is applied to a panel of 194 countries over the period 1961-2010, adopting a System-GMM estimation technique and a wide range of robustness controls. The results suggest that democracy is positively related to “better” (namely more growth-enhancing) institutions, especially with respect to economic institutions and rule of law. Hence, the findings suggest that the overall effect on growth is positive, indirect and channeled by institutions. However, since the results are not completely conclusive, a further investigation is suggested, on further determinants of democracy, potentially affecting its pro-growth effect.
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Pillatti, Claudia Teresa. "Regimes cambiais e intervenções no Mercado de câmbio: uma abordagem a partir da experiência brasileira." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2007. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13488.
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This research analyzes the Brazilian exchange rate system and the exchange rate interventions
after flexible exchange rate system implementation in 1999, and have like base the "fear of
floating" approach, the exchange rate interventions theory and of the fact exchange rate
classification. The evidences found for Brazil suggest that the exchange rate interventions
illustrate objectives of the exchange rate debt reduction and do not follow the "fear of
floating objectives". In the others empirical tests find a weak short run relation between
exchange rate and domestic interest rate, exchange rate backups, domestic inflation and public
debt in proportion to the GDP, and a strong short run relation between exchange rate and
country risk, indicating that the movements of the exchange rate do not affect heavy the
variables of the "fear of floating" and that do not believe that the country suffer from that
problem. Confirming that idea, finds that of the fact exchange rate system is compatible with
the jure exchange rate system, despite it find low exchange rate flexibility.Esta pesquisa analisa o sistema cambial brasileiro e as intervenções cambiais após a implementação do sistema cambial flexível em 1999 e tem como base a abordagem do medo de flutuar , a teoria de intervenções cambiais e a classificação de sistemas cambiais de facto. As evidências encontradas para o Brasil sugerem que as intervenções cambiais ilustram objetivos de redução da dívida cambial e não seguem os objetivos da abordagem do medo de flutuar . Em outros testes empíricos encontra-se uma fraca relação de curto prazo entre taxa de câmbio e taxa de juros domésticos, reservas cambiais, inflação doméstica e dívida pública em proporção ao PIB, e uma forte relação de curto prazo entre taxa de câmbio e risco país, indicando que os movimentos da taxa de câmbio não afetam pesadamente as variáveis da abordagem do medo de flutuar e que, portanto, não há razões para crer que o país sofra desse problema. Confirmando essa idéia, encontra-se que o sistema cambial de facto é compatível com o sistema cambial de jure, apesar de encontrar-se uma baixa flexibilidade cambial.
Mestre em Economia
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Saito, Milton Yukio Godoy. "Uma abordagem multiagente para simulação da dinâmica de preços de um mercado de leilão duplo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11110.
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Essa dissertação tem como objetivo a modelagem, implementação e a simulação de um mercado de leilão duplo artificial utilizando a abordagem multiagente. Mercado de leilão duplo permite que ofertas de compra e de venda possam ser feitas a qualquer momento e de forma contínua. As bolsas de Nova Iorque (NYSE) e de Chicago (CME) são exemplos deste tipo de leilão. Mercados artificiais são modelos que têm o objetivo de capturar as propriedades dos mercados reais para reproduzir e analisar a dinâmica do mercado através de experimentos computacionais. Assim como no mercado real, o modelo propõe que os agentes interagem entre si assincronamente em sessões de negociações contínuos. Estas últimas características do modelo são viabilizadas através do uso de técnicas e arcabouços tecnológicos que são atualmente utilizados nos mercados reais. Neste trabalho, são investigados os comportamentos do mercado artificial para diferentes grupos de agentes e parâmetros. Ao longo dos experimentos foram constatados que o volume de negociação e a volatilidade dos preços, por exemplo, são diretamente proporcionais ao orçamento dos agentes. Também foram identificados alguns fatos estilizados nas séries de preços geradas a partir do mercado artificial.
The purpose of this work is to model, implement and simulate a double auction artificial market using a multi-agent approach. Double auction markets allow offers to buy and sell to be made at any time and in a continuous fashion. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) are examples of exchanges that adopt this type of auction. Artificial markets are models that aim to capture the properties of real markets to reproduce and analyze the market dynamics through computational experiments. As in real markets, the model proposes that agents interact asynchronously in continuous trading sessions. These features are made possible by using modern techniques and technological frameworks currently used in real markets. In this work, we investigated the behavior of a artificial market using different groups of agents and parameters. Throughout the experiments it was identified that, for example, trading volume and price volatility are directly proportional to the agents' budget. Also, some stylized facts were identified on the price series generated by the artificial market
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Parra, Andrelisa Vendrami. "Impacto de fatores sócio-econômicos na sobrevida de pacientes na fila de espera e após transplante cardíaco." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2007. http://bdtd.famerp.br/handle/tede/25.
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Previous issue date: 2007-05-16Cardiac transplantation aims at the improvement of survival as well as quality of life of patients with end-stage Chronic Cardiac Failure. Socioeconomic status is believed to have an important role in the success of the surgical procedure. This study, therefore, aimed at identifying the impact of socioeconomic status on survival of patients listed for heart transplantation as well as in cardiac transplant recipients. A retrospective longitudinal cohort study was carried out using data obtained from the medical charts 70 patients treated in the Hospital de Base da Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto. The socioeconomic evaluation was made through the following indicators: monthly income, education, conditions of housing, profession, profession of the family members, presence of caregiver and distance to the hospital. These data are used in the classification for defined stratus: Low Inferior (BI), Low Superior (BS), Inferior Medium (MI), Medium (M), Superior Medium (MS), High (H). Seventy-six per cent of patients on the waiting list for heart transplantation were classified in the low socioeconomic class; 77% of such patients had low educational level, 77% adequate housing, 94% a caregiver, 59% no social insurance after retirement, and 60% received financial support from other nongovernmental entities. Forty-four per cent of patients had a positive serology for Chagas disease. Probability of survival at 100 days of follow up in the waiting list was 68% for Chagas disease and 79% for non-Chagas disease patients (p>0,05). With regard to cardiac transplant recipients, 84% of them were classified in the low socioeconomic class, 73% had low educational level, 75% adequate housing, 93% caregiver, 57% no social insurance after retirement, and 32% had financial support from other nongovernmental entities. Thirty-two cardiac transplant recipients had a positive serology for Chagas disease. Survival probability at 100 days of follow up for cardiac transplant recipients was 62% for Chagas disease and 81% for non-Chagas disease patients (p>0,05). The data obtained in this work demonstrate that socioeconomic status not only has no impact on patients on the waiting list for heart transplantation, but also on outcome of cardiac transplant recipients because patients in the low socioeconomic status had a similar prognosis than patients in the median socioeconomic class. Thus, socioeconomic status has no unfavorable prognosis for both patients on the waiting list as well as for cardiac transplant recipients.
O transplante cardíaco é uma técnica cirúrgica que visa a melhora da qualidade de vida e a sobrevida de pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca Crônica terminal. As variáveis sócio-econômicas têm importante papel no sucesso do procedimento cirúrgico, portanto, objetivou-se identificar através deste estudo o impacto dos fatores sócio-econômicos na sobrevida de pacientes em fila de espera de transplante cardíaco e pós transplante cardíaco. Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo, do tipo coorte longitudinal, utilizando-se os dados obtidos dos prontuários de setenta pacientes tratados no Hospital de Base da Faculdade de Medicina de São Jose do Rio Preto. A avaliação sócioeconômica foi feita através dos indicadores: renda mensal, escolaridade, condições de moradia, profissão, ocupação dos membros da família, presença de cuidador e distância ao hospital. Esses dados são utilizados na classificação: Baixa Inferior (BI), Baixa Superior (BS), Médio Inferior (MI), Médio (M), Médio Superior (MS), Alto (A). Observou-se que 86% dos pacientes em fila de transplante cardíaco pertenciam a classe social baixa, 76% desses pacientes tinham apenas o ensino fundamental, 77% apresentavam moradia adequada, 94% possuíam uma pessoa responsável pelos seus cuidados, 59% não possuíam aposentadoria, 69% recebiam auxílio financeiro. Quarenta e quatro por cento dos pacientes em fila de transplante cardíaco tinham sorologia positiva para a doença de Chagas. A probabilidade de sobrevida aproximadamente 100 dias após a inclusão na fila de transplante cardíaco era de 68% para chagásicos e 79% para não chagásicos (p>0.05). Em relação aos pacientes em pós transplante cardíaco observou-se que 84% dos pacientes pertenciam a classe social baixa, 73% desses pacientes tinham apenas o ensino fundamental, 75% apresentavam moradia adequada, 93% possuíam uma pessoa responsável pelos seus cuidados, 57% não possuíam aposentadoria, 32% recebiam auxílio financeiro. Trinta e seis por cento dos pacientes Nota de Resumo que realizaram o transplante cardíaco tinham sorologia positiva para a doença de Chagas. A probabilidade de sobrevida em aproximadamente 100 dias após o transplante cardíaco era de 62% para chagásicos e 81% para não chagásicos (p>0.05). Os dados obtidos neste trabalham revelam que os fatores sócio-econômicos e culturais não influenciaram na sobrevida dos pacientes em fila de transplante cardíaco, pois os pacientes com status socioeconômico baixo tiveram o prognóstico similar àquele visto nos pacientes no status socioeconômico mediano. Assim, o status socioeconômico baixo não tem impacto desfavorável nem nos doentes na fila de espera como nos receptores de transplante cardíaco.
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Beau, Francis. "Le renseignement au prisme des sciences de l'information." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019VALE0006/document.
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Afin de légitimer une approche des systèmes d’information plus documentaire que technologique bien peu en accord avec l’air du temps, le besoin impérieux s’est fait ressentir de faire appel aux fondements théoriques de la fonction renseignement et de son exploitation étroitement dépendante de la maîtrise d’une information devenue surabondante. Ce regard, plus analogique que numérique, s’est intéressé à la construction de sens dans une mémoire partagée, organisée autour d’un besoin collectif de savoir qui la conditionne entièrement. Il s’agit d’assurer la cohésion des actions individuelles en s’appuyant sur la synergie des intentions qui orientent l’action collective et lui donnent ainsi tout son sens. Cette recherche s’est fondée sur une expérience professionnelle ponctuellement réussie, bien que peu suivie par une administration trompée par le mirage d’une technologie omnipotente. Ses résultats sont décrits pour tenter de les pérenniser, dans l’idée d’en élargir la portée et d’en promouvoir l’usage chez d’autres professionnels aux besoins analogues, dans des domaines différents comme, par exemple, celui de la recherche scientifiqueDespite the current trend, the pressing need arose to legitimize a documentary approach to information system rather than a technological one, based on the theoretical foundations of intelligence and its exploitation, which is directly connected to the control of an information that has become overabundant. This vision, rather analogical than numerical, focuses on creating sense within a shared memory that is organized around a collective need of knowledge, which directly impacts this memory. The aim is to ensure the cohesion of individual actions by relying on the synergy of intentions, which orient the collective action and give it its meaning. This research was built on a professional experience successful, although little followed by an administration mistaken by the mirage of an omnipotent technology. Its results are described in an attempt to perpetuate them, with the idea of extending their scope and promoting their use to other professionals with similar needs, in different fields such as, for example, scientific research
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Deungoue, Megogoue Sandra. "Alice au pays des monnaies : ou la course sans fin vers de nouveaux moyens de paiement." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22002.
Full textAbstract:
L’objet de cette thèse est d’analyser l’évolution du marché des paiements de détail avec en toile de fond la constitution d’un espace unique pour les paiements en Europe. Notre analyse révèle notamment que ce marché évolue selon la théorie de la Reine Rouge ; en effet, sous le poids de la concurrence, les prestataires de service ne cessent de créer des moyens de paiement de plus en plus innovants afin de maintenir leur part de marché. Paradoxalement, la demande, elle, évolue plus lentement, essentiellement à cause des habitudes difficiles à changer. Pour la dynamiser, régulateur et industrie bancaire ont mis en œuvre de nombreux moyens. Notre étude révèle ainsi que bien que les facteurs sociodémographiques, technologiques et économiques déterminant les comportements de paiement varient et n’ont pas le même impact d’un pays à un autre, certains Etats présentent néanmoins suffisamment d’homogénéité pour appartenir à une même zone de paiement optimale. En outre, nous démontrons que l’harmonisation des pratiques bancaires et des réglementations mise en place pour la réalisation du marché unique a conduit à une convergence des comportements de paiement en Europe. Par ailleurs, en analysant le cas particulier des paiements par carte, nous développons un modèle multi-agents permettant de mettre en évidence l’importance des pratiques tarifaires telles que la commission d’interchange ou la règle de non-discrimination sur la concurrence entre instruments, intermédiaires et systèmes de paiement. L’expérimentation artificielle de ce modèle dévoile les conditions nécessaires à l’efficacité de la réglementation de ces pratiques par l’EtatThe purpose of present thesis is to study the evolution of the retail payment market. This work is set against a backdrop of the creation of a single payment area in Europe. Our analysis reveals that this market is subject to the Red Queen dilemma; indeed, because of intense competition, payment service providers are forced to a constant evolution of technology in order to maintain their market share. Paradoxically, the demand for payment instruments tends to move slowly, basically because habits are difficult to change. To improve the dynamism of the demand response to innovation, regulator and banking industry have implemented new policies and procedures that encourage the development of trans-border payments. Thereby, although the sociodemographic, technological and economic factors which influence payment behaviours vary and don't have the same impact from one country to another, we find some remarkable homogeneity across countries that are eligible to form an optimal payment area. Besides, we show that the harmonization of the banking laws and products led to a convergence of the payment behaviours in Europe. In addition, by analyzing the case of the payment card industry, we develop an agent-based model which highlights the effects of the tariff practices such as the interchange fee or the no-surcharge rule, on competition within and between payment systems. The computational simulation of this model reveals necessary conditions to achieve the desired result of the regulation of these practices
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Leite, Pedro Miranda. "Crowdfunding: critical factos to finance a project successfully." Master's thesis, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/76103.
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Leite, Pedro Miranda. "Crowdfunding: critical factos to finance a project successfully." Dissertação, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/76103.
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Costa, Mónica Marlene Teixeira. "De Gestor a Professor: As faces da Liderança de Belmiro de Azevedo." Master's thesis, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/73783.
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Costa, Mónica Marlene Teixeira. "De Gestor a Professor: As faces da Liderança de Belmiro de Azevedo." Dissertação, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/73783.
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van, Heerden Jan Horn. "Personal wealth in South Africa: Facts about its distribution and the forces behind its redistribution." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/19226.
Full textAbstract:
The Apartheid system in South Africa came to a close recently and a new majority government is ruling. This government represents a poor majority of the population, and there is great pressure on them to redistribute wealth in favor of their supporters, the poor.
This thesis consists of three essays. The first estimates the distribution of personal wealth in South Africa according to the estate multiplier method. It is found that the distribution is skewed, but not more so than in countries for which similar studies have been done. The distribution of wealth is, however, distributed along racial lines, which makes the distribution politically unacceptable. The white minority which constitutes 16 percent of the total population, owns more than 90 percent of all personal wealth.
The second part studies the major political role players in South Africa and their behavior in the Constitution making process that is still underway. A model of optimal behavior by political groups is constructed, and it is found that the majority government in South Africa will act rationally if they opt for majority rule in a unitary state. That is exactly what the ANC-government has been doing since the beginning of the negotiation process. The behavior of the other groups is also found to be rational and predictable within the context of the model.
The third part of the thesis consists of a computable general equilibrium model with overlapping generations. Three groups are modeled--a rich group, a middle class, and a poor group. A government implements three possible redistributive policy measures. First, the tax on the capital income which accrues to the two more affluent groups, is increased; second, an estate tax is implemented, and third, the sales tax is increased. The first policy measure improves upon the wealth distribution, but is inefficient. The second policy, which is implemented according to the lifetime endowment view of tax equity, generally improves upon the wealth distribution, and is relatively efficient under certain assumptions. The third policy may be very harmful to the poor.
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Chan, Chi-Yung (Mickey). "Iterative rationality in the dirty faces game." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/36785.
Full textAbstract:
The Dirty Faces game requires players to perform iterative reasoning in order to arrive at equilibrium play. The game is dominance solvable with a unique equilibrium when it is correctly specified. The particular payoff structure has significant implication on whether the reasoning process leads to equilibrium play. This paper illustrates that the traditional specification - as used by Weber (2001) - leads to multiple equilibria and the game loses its dominance solvability. We modify the payoff structure and restore uniqueness. The resulting game, which is dominance solvable, is implemented in an experiment to test the depth of iterative reasoning in humans. Our data analysis suggests that some deviation from equilibrium play is due to limited depth of iteration. Additionally, we find evidence that the lack of confidence in other players’ iterative abilities also induces deviations from equilibrium play.Thesis (M.Ec.) -- School of Economics, 2007
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Magro, Nuno Duarte da Silva. "A comparabilidade das demonstrações financeiras na Europa." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/8695.
Full textAbstract:
A convergência para um referencial contabilístico comum através da adoção generalizada das
IFRS, quer voluntariamente quer compulsivamente, e os efeitos que são induzidos nas
práticas contabilísticas e no relato financeiro é um assunto de grande importância, uma vez
que se traduz numa influência das qualidades da informação financeira, em especial da
comparabilidade, e com repercussões na sua utilidade e no seu valor.
Este trabalho focaliza-se na harmonia (estado) e na harmonização (processo) de facto (das
práticas contabilísticas) e visou obter uma imagem da harmonia das práticas contabilísticas
nas grandes empresas europeias e captar o efeito da harmonização ocorrida com a
implementação das IFRS, atendendo à sua adoção obrigatória na União Europeia a partir de
2005.
Embora a harmonização das práticas contabilísticas seja fortemente influenciada pela
componente normativa, aquele processo é também determinado por diversos fatores culturais,
políticos, económicos, sociais e profissionais próprios de cada país.
Procedeu-se à recolha e leitura dos relatórios e contas das 150 maiores empresas europeias,
não financeiras nem seguradoras, para identificação das políticas contabilísticas e opções
tomadas, nos exercícios de 2008 e 2012, e à determinação do índice T de Taplin para a
mensuração da harmonia. Esta ferramenta foi complementada com a realização de testes do
Qui-quadrado e determinação do V de Cramer.
Conclui-se pela existência efetiva de um processo de harmonização de facto, que evolui no
sentido de uma maior harmonia nas práticas contabilística, indutor de uma maior
comparabilidade nas demonstrações financeiras, mas que tem como um dos seus
condicionantes a nacionalidade das empresas.The convergence to a common accounting framework through widespread adoption of IFRS, either voluntarily or compulsorily, and the effects that are induced in accounting practices and financial reporting is a matter of great importance, since it influences the qualities of financial information, in particular comparability, and therefore is echoed in its utility and value. This work focuses on harmony (state) and harmonization (process) in fact (the accounting practices) and aimed at obtaining an image of harmony of accounting practices in large European companies and to capture the effect of harmonization that occurred with the implementation of IFRS, given its mandatory adoption in the European Union since 2005. While harmonization of accounting practices are strongly influenced by the normative component, that process is also determined by various cultural, political, economic, social and professional factors specific to each country. In this work, the financial reports of the 150 largest non-financial and non-insurance European companies were collected and read, to identify the accounting policies adopted in the years 2008 and 2012, and the Taplin T index for measuring harmony was calculated. This tool has been complemented by the results of the chi-square and Cramer's V determination. This study finds evidences of an effective process of de facto harmonization, evolves towards greater harmony in accounting practices, inducing greater comparability in the financial statements, but one of the constraints is the nationality of the companies.
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Moodley, Shomenthree. "Ecological and economic aspects of treating vegetable oil industrial effluent at Darvill Wastewater Works in Pietermaritzburg." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5605.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation analyses the economic and ecological aspects of Darvill Waste Water Works
(WWW) through key indicators from Sustainable Development Records (SDR). The SDR study
identifies disturbances caused by large concentrations of soap, oil and grease (SaG), therefore a
framework of proposed solutions to dealing with these problems has also been investigated.
The first component of the study highlights the importance of adequate indicators. Key indicators
provide important information that is useful to management and policy makers. The SDR used to
analyse the DarvillWWW in Pietermaritzburg provides relevant information for the management
of Darvill WWW and Umgeni Water (UW), the City Council and the Department of Water Affairs
and Forestry (DWAF). According to the SDR model the Works is identified as a service providing
social institution. The operation of this institution affects the community of Pietermaritzburg as
well as the surrounding natural environment. SDR uses the key indicators of effectiveness, Thrift
and Margin to analyse the economic and ecological impacts of the service provided.The study
incorporates relevant data for Darvill WWW during 1993- 1996.
Effectiveness measures the degree of compliance with national water quality standards as set out
by the DWAF. Compliance of the following variables, E.coli, Chlorine, Soluble Reactive
Phosphate (SRP), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Conductivity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
and Ammonia were investigated. These variables produce varying trends. Increasing compliance
is linked to improved plant efficiency while decreasing compliance is linked to the poor quality of
industrial effluent. Industrial effluent containing large concentrations of SOG is a particular
problem.
Thrift measures the costs of operating the Works in terms of energy, chemicals, labour and capital.
Overall financial, energy and labour thrift declined while chemical thrift increased. Increasing
chemical thrift is due to the reduced consumption of chemicals as a result of a greater reliance on
the process of biological phosphate removal. Decreasing thrift is related to increased costs of
capital, energy and labour due to the deteriorating quality of vegetable oil effluent.
Margin measures the deviation of non-complying samples from water quality standards. Analysis
of the data produced varying trends. The following variables were analysed, E.coli, Chlorine, SRP,
TSS, Conductivity, COD and Ammonia. Marginal difference is studied in an attempt to analyse
those samples which do not comply with national standards. Deteriorating quality of industrial
effiuent seems to be the reason for deviation from the standards. Chemical margin was also studied
for the period between 1993-1996. Chemical margin is a comparison between the value of sludge
produced and the cost of chemicals used to produce the sludge. The SDR study highlights
deteriorating quality of industrial effluent as a cause for concern to Darvill WWW. Proposed
management options are investigated to provide a workable solution.
The second part of the study investigates alternate options for handling wet industrial effluent from
the vegetable oil industries. These industries were identified as the source of large concentrations
of SOG that were entering the Works which impacts negatively on the operational capacity,
thereby increasing operating costs and decreasing the quality of the service provided.
Vegetable oil industries were found guilty of discharging industrial effluent that did not meet the
City standards into the sewers, they were also charged with illegal dumping into rivers. The study
identified the interested and affected parties and alternate solutions were proposed to the problems.
Interested and affected parties include UW, Pietermaritzburg City Council, DWAF.
Some of the aspects that were investigated include the local industrial tariff, the drainage By-laws,
national legislation, the "polluter pays" principle and the principle of pollution prevention.
Economic incentives using economic instruments were reviewed. These include ecotaxes such as
marketable/tradable permits and pollution charges. These instruments may allow for more
equitable charges thereby promoting the "polluter pays" principle. The use of these instruments
may be able to achieve a workable solution but further investigations are necessary.
SDR analysis indicates that Darvill WWW seems to be effectively treating wastewater but
operating costs are increasing in order to achieve compliance. These costs are being unfairly borne
by the City ratepayers and UW and a more equitable situation is necessary.Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1997.