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1
Bieszk-Stolorz, Beata, and Krzysztof Dmytrów. "Marketplace Trade in Large Cities in Poland." Land 10, no. 9 (September 5, 2021): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090933.
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Traditional marketplace trade brings many socio-economic benefits: it affects the local labour market, entrepreneurship, and tourism. In many countries, activities are undertaken to support the operation of marketplaces. In recent years, new threats to the development of marketplaces have emerged, such as cheap discount shops, supermarkets, and online shops. The inhabitants of many cities still enjoy shopping at traditional marketplaces. The aim of the research is to assess the development of marketplace trade in large cities in Poland. Eurostat does not provide detailed data on marketplaces in Poland. We decided to fill this gap. Additionally, we assessed the attractiveness of large cities in Poland in terms of the development of marketplace trade in the years 2008–2019 by means of linear ordering of objects (Hellwig’s composite measure of development). In the years 1995–2019, the number of marketplaces in Poland remained at a constant level, but since 2003 their area has decreased. However, the total number of marketplaces has increased compared to 1995. In the whole research period, Kraków and Katowice were the most attractive cities with respect to the development of the marketplace trade, while Gdańsk and Sosnowiec were the least attractive. The high position of Kraków results from the nature of the city and its tourist attractions, while the low position of Sosnowiec is caused by the existence of a large bazaar in nearby city of Będzin.
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Pomianek, Iwona, and Mariola Chrzanowska. "A spatial comparison of semi-urban and rural gminas in Poland in terms of their level of socio-economic development using Hellwig’s method." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 33, no. 33 (September 1, 2016): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2016-0028.
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Abstract The concept of local development remains a crucial one, especially in the context of European Union membership and its support funds. The multidimensional character of local development makes it a subject of interest not only to economists, but also geographers, sociologists and statisticians. The aim of the paper is to present differences in the level of socio-economic development of semi-urban and rural gminas in Poland and to find clusters of gminas with a similar level of development. Hellwig’s method was used to compare 2,174 gminas, which showed large development disparities. There is a clear boundary between Eastern Poland with Mazowieckie Voivodship, where the country’s capital, Warsaw, is located, and Western Poland. gminas with a high level of development were observed usually on Poland’s Baltic coast and suburban areas of Warsaw, Szczecin, Poznań, Wrocław and Kraków. Low level gminas were mostly situated in the peripheries of the eastern voivodships.
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Dzikuć, Maciej, Arkadiusz Piwowar, and Maria Dzikuć. "The economic conditions for the development of photovoltaic micro-installations in the context of power grids limitations: a case study for Poland." 13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 13, no. 1 (June 16, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(101).
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The last three years in Poland have been a dynamic development of micro-photovoltaic installations. A serious barrier impeding the further development of this renewable energy source are obsolete power networks. The aim of the article is to analyze the conditions related to the development of photovoltaics in Poland and to evaluate the limitations of outdated power grids. This study was conducted and financed in the framework of the research projects: “Economic aspects of low carbon development in the countries of the Visegrad Group”, grant No. 2018/31/B/HS4/00485, “Socio-economic, environmental and technical determinants of the energy poverty in rural areas in Poland”, grant No. 2018/31/B/HS4/00048, granted by the National Science Centre, Poland, program OPUS, and “Economic conditions of energy storage in the context of the development of photovoltaic micro-installations in Poland”, grant No. 2021/05/X/HS4/01377, granted by the National Science Centre, Poland, program MINIATURA. Keywords: photovoltaics, low-carbon development, economy, power grids, Poland
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Wieprow, Joanna. "THE SOURCES OF FINANCING INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN POLAND." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 18, no. 4 (December 28, 2017): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.8278.
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In the modern economy, innovation is a key factor in socio-economic development. Success is likely to reach those companies that build their competitive advantage by implementing innovative projects. Access to financing innovative activities is one of the most important problems of Polish entrepreneurs. There are many programs, both at national level and financed by European Union funds, thanks to the development of innovativeness in Poland is possible. This actions can be taken as part of the implementation of the projects from the Operational Program Intelligent Development, the Operational Program Eastern Poland and Regional Operational Programs. In addition, businesses can use the resources available under the EU Framework Programs, such as Horizon 2020 and COSME. At national level, financial instruments within the innovation support programs are provided by the National Research and Development Center and the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development.
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Runge, Anna. "Urban agglomerations and transformations of medium-sized towns in Poland." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2016-0017.
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Abstract This analysis investigates medium-sized towns in Poland, i.e. those with a population between 20–100 thousand, located up to 100 km away from the main city of the agglomeration. The aim of this article is to compare the level of socio-economic development of Polish towns depending on their location in relation to the main city in the largest agglomerations in 1998 and 2013. Three zones of distance from the main city of each agglomeration have been taken into consideration: a. the inner zone, reaching up to 25 km from the main city; b. the outer zone located at a distance of 25 to 50 km from the main city, and c. the peripheral zone, located at a distance of 50 to 100 km from the main city and including the medium-size towns located outside the agglomeration system. This analysis of the distribution of medium-sized towns and their level of socio-economic development has shown various levels of changes which depend on the distance from the main city of the agglomeration. In 1998, the highest level of development of the medium-sized towns was recorded in towns outside of these agglomeration systems, i.e. those located most remotely from the main city (peripheral zone). Most of the medium-sized towns are situated at a distance of 50–100 km from Warszawa, Kraków, Łódź, Lublin, Gdańsk and have developed their own local, or even regional labour markets and some of them have even provided administrative functions in the past as voivodeship capitals. Only in the Poznań agglomeration, the level of development of medium-sized towns was higher in the immediate surroundings of the main city (25 km). The medium-sized towns in all zones of the distance from the main city in the Wrocław agglomeration represented a similar level of development. By 2013, the level of development of the medium-sized towns in the peripheral zone in all investigated settlement systems had decreased, with a significant improvement in the level of development of the towns in the immediate surroundings of the main city. Such situation occurs especially in the conurbation of Gdańsk and the agglomerations of Warszawa, Kraków and Poznań. This shows that the largest cities of Poland are the main engines of economic development by stimulating their surroundings and their impact on the surrounding areas. Unfortunately, the towns located in the marginal zones of several agglomerations (the zone 25–50 km away from the main city) experience certain disadvantages, such as the process of “the backwash effect”. Furthermore, the lack of developmental impulses is observed in many medium-sized towns at the distance of 50-100 km from the main city of the agglomeration.
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Makhovka, Viktoriia, and Olha Nesterenko. "Characteristics of international business development between ukraine and poland." ЕКОНОМІКА І РЕГІОН Науковий вісник, no. 2(73) (September 23, 2019): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/eir.2019.2(73).1623.
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The essence of international business, its active development and expansion, that influence the integration of economic systems and intensification of business relations between countries, are considered. The attention is paid to the international market of the European Union, first of all to Polish-Ukrainian cooperation due to the modern development of international business. The importance of the development of trade and business between Ukraine and Poland is determined, taking into account close relations in the field of economy, politics, culture and historical connections. The legal framework between Ukraine and Poland is substantiated, which ensures the proper development of bilateral cooperation at the level of strategic partnership and emphasizes the presence of an active dialogue between countries. The main agreements between Ukraine and the European Union, which influence the economic cooperation between Ukraine and Poland, are considered, taking into account Polish membership in the EU. The implementation of special projects by the European Union to support the development of Polish-Ukrainian cooperation is determined. The increase of the intensity of economic exchange between Ukraine and Poland, the active development of trade and investment in various spheres of business and the growth of economic indicators are determined. The peculiarities of the development of the small business sector and its influence on the stabilization of socio-economic processes between European countries are substantiated, emphasizing Poland's experience in development of the small business as a driving force on the way to economic integration. The main aspects and characteristics of international business between Poland and Ukraine are determined and the main differences in doing business in these countries are revealed, emphasizing the perspectives of development.
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Pająk, Anna, and Artur Orzeł. "The startegy of sustainable public transport in the city of Kielce for the years 2014 to 2020." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 10 (October 31, 2018): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.331.
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In the frame of Action 2.1. “Sustainable urban transport” of the II Priority Axis of the Eastern Poland 2014-2020 Operational Programme, the community of Kielce submitted two applications of investment projects of the total value of 295 mln PLN, 220 mln out Submissions of the total amount are going to be covered by programme funds. The main aim of submitted projects is to support complex investments in ecological and integrated public transportation system. Eastern Poland Operational Programme includes five voivodeships in the area of Eastern Poland macroregion : lubelskie, podkarpackie, podlaskie, świętokrzyskie i warmińsko-mazurskie. As an additional territorial instrument of financial support, programme is oriented on complementing implementation of regional and national operational programmes. Programme is also based on the main aims and priorities of “The Strategy of Social and Economic Development of Eastern Poland to 2020” approved by the Council of Ministers in Poland on 11th of July 2013 and is one of the instruments of strategy implementation..
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Koval, Iryna, Olha Turchenko, and Ella Derkach. "RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION BETWEEN POLAND AND UKRAINE IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SCOPE." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3109.
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This paper presents an overview of the recent development in cross-border cooperation between Ukraine and Poland in the socio-economic scope and policy issues relating to cross-border regions. The authors focus on the evolution of the framework concerning the formation of Euroregions with particular reference to the issues connected to cross-border projects in such regions. In addition, the recommendations are proposed in order to identify some directions for future actions to be taken to promote the innovative development of such cooperation between Ukraine and Poland, taking into account the economic and political peculiarities of both countries.
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WORNALKIEWICZ, Władysław, Alla KAPLUNOVSKA, and Olena PADCHENKO. "TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE AS A FACTOR OF THE EU COUNTRIES' ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2021-2-18.
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Introduction. The driving force behind the economic development of the regions and the countries-members of the European Union is modern transport infrastructure. For this reason, to draw up the level with the countries of Western Europe, there is funding for the countries of the former socialist bloc in the construction and modernization of road routes. The purpose of the article is studying the condition of road infrastructure in the EU and, in particular, Poland as a factor in the economic development of countries and regions. Results. The article analyzes the current development of road infrastructure in Europe and, in particular, Poland and the implementing investments for this purpose. The Regulations of the General Director for National Roads and Motorways as well as legal acts concerning this issue were analyzed. The prospects for the development of Polish road engineering till 2030 were indicated. The types of roundabouts on motorways built in the EU countries are presented. Scientific articles on the situation of EU countries in the field of road infrastructure have proven to be important sources of information. However, the most important source when it comes to road infrastructure in Poland turned out to be materials of General Directorate for National Roads and Highways, in which all national road programs are described. Conclusions. The authors justify that each year Poland is getting closer to the Western countries of EU on the level of road infrastructure development. The main reason for the increase in the level of road infrastructure in Poland is the projects of the General Directorate for National Roads and Highways, as well as the National Road Construction Program for the years 2014-2023 (with a perspective till 2030) and the National Road Traffic Management System for TEN-T networks, which will have a significant impact on economic growth and the comfort of movement of the society. Keywords: road infrastructure, economic development, Trans-European Transport Network, sustainable transport development strategy.
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Kozak, Sylwester. "The Use of Municipal Bonds in Financing Regional Economic Development in Poland." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2019-0023.
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SummarySubject and purpose of work: The article presents an analysis of the use of municipal bonds in financing the development activities of local governments in Poland.Materials and methods: The study uses data from the Ministry of Finance, the European Central Bank, the Central Statistical Office and the CATALYST platform.Results: The results of the research show that the level of using bonds by local governments in Poland is lower than the EU average. Poland’s accession to the EU and the inflow of structural funds significantly increased local governments’ interest in the implementation of bonds to fund investments, especially in 2008-2010.Conclusions: A significant part of funds from the issues of municipal bonds was allocated to regional development projects, mainly infrastructure. In 2008-2012 the value of newly issued municipal bonds increased, however, after that the number and value of new issues significantly decreased.
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Wielewska, Izabela, Karol Tucki, Anna Bączyk, and Magda Trzaska. "Impact of key factors on expected development of onshore wind energy sector in Poland and development scenarios." E3S Web of Conferences 70 (2018): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187001017.
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The aim of the paper was to analyse the wind power market in Poland by reviewing the factors that shape and influence its current state and the possible development prospects. The paper was focused on legislative, environmental, manufacturing, sociocultural and economic factors. Barriers to the development of onshore wind power market and the expected development of wind energy in Poland in the years 2017-2020 were identified and measured based on a survey. The review of individual factors and the study performed present that legislative barriers and the introduction of the ‘distance act’ are factors with the biggest influence on the current stagnation of onshore wind energy sector. A review of the recommendations concerning the distance (from protected areas and housing) required to build wind farms set forth in literature shows that Poland is the only country with such harsh restrictions. With its good environmental conditions and technical capacities, Poland can become a European leader in the production of energy from wind. The only barrier is the legislative environment and political instability on the national level. Without improvements in this sector, there is no chance for new wind projects, as these factors are crucial for development of this type of energy.
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Sobolewska-Mikulska, Katarzyna, and Małgorzata Stańczuk-Gałwiaczek. "THE ASSESSMENT OF THE SCOPE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IDEA OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN LAND CONSOLIDATION PROJECTS IN POLAND." Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development 47, no. 1 (August 21, 2018): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17306/j.jard.2018.00375.
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Land consolidation is considered as a tool for accomplishingthe goals of multifunctional rural development.However, the mechanisms of execution of the idea do not offera clear explanation. The aim of this paper is to assess thescope of implementation of the idea of multifunctional ruraldevelopment in land consolidation projects in Poland. Thispaper attempts to assess whether all elements of the conceptincluded in land consolidation procedures are dealt with ina sufficient manner. The analyses were based on the exampleof 15 selected land consolidation projects carried out indisparate regions of Poland. This paper presents the analysesof design solutions concerning three major aspects: the improvementof efficiency of farming, the preservation of theenvironment and the landscape, the social influence of landconsolidation. According to the results of the studies, for allanalyzed objects, satisfactory economic results were obtainedwhich indirectly influence the social effects. However, environmentaland landscape solutions were only partially considered.The studies have shown, that in Poland it seems necessaryto create appropriate organizational and administrativestructures in order to generate a tool for implementation of themultifunctional rural development idea within the process ofland consolidation.
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Kryst, Łukasz, and Inez Bilińska. "SECULAR CHANGES IN BIRTH WEIGHTS AND WOMEN’S BODY SIZE IN KRAKÓW AND POZNAŃ (POLAND) DURING THE LAST CENTURY." Journal of Biosocial Science 49, no. 3 (June 22, 2016): 380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932016000316.
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SummaryChanging socioeconomic conditions over the last century have left their mark on neonatal size and final body size of individuals born in those days. The main aim of this study was to investigate how the historical, political and economic changes occurring from the late 19th century to the 2000s have affected the birth weight of newborns. Additionally, changes in weight and body height in the case of young women (potential mothers) were analysed. Data were from two cities in Poland (Kraków and Poznań) covering 15,884 newborns and 3612 women aged 18 years, derived from 1900 to 2010. Despite short-term fluctuations, the results showed significant increasing trends in all studied features. Changes in birth weight were similar in both cities: in Kraków it increased by 184 g (males) and 206 g (females), and in Poznań by 216 g (males) and 120 g (females). Changes in women’s body size were also significant, but the level was different depending on place of residence. In the last century, women’s body height increased by 8.2 cm in Kraków and by 10.2 cm in Poznań, and their body weight increased by 1 kg and 5 kg respectively. The considered period covered the years of socioeconomic change that occurred as a result of the political system transformation. Crises, periods of prosperity and other factors that determine standard of living and health care have influenced the development of the Polish population’s physical features.
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Zwolińska, Klaudia, Sylwia Lorenc, and Radosław Pomykała. "Sustainable Development in Education from Students’ Perspective—Implementation of Sustainable Development in Curricula." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 14, 2022): 3398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063398.
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Education for sustainable development is a method of teaching aimed at developing awareness, competence, knowledge, skills, and attitudes in the field of environmental protection in such a way that each activity related to its operation supports the satisfaction of the needs of future generations. In the face of environmental and social challenges, these are key competencies that require significant changes in university curricula, supporting a sustainable and innovative economy. This article aims to present the results of a study on young people’s awareness of sustainable development and their opinion on the implementation of SDGs in curricula. The publication responds to the demand of technical students for educational content related to sustainable development and a greater integration of economic, social, and environmental issues. The analysis carried out as part of the EnAct-SDGs project at the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow (Poland) shows that students are increasingly aware of the importance of sustainable development in various aspects of their lives, both in their education, in their professional work and in their lives, as part of an awareness-raising society. The conducted analyses allowed us to define the directions of necessary changes in the didactic process as an essential set of skills and knowledge for future graduates of raw materials faculties.
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Wyrwa, Joanna. "The supraregional cooperation as the way for the development of Western Poland / Ponadregionalna współpraca drogą do rozwoju Polski zachodniej." Management 17, no. 1 (May 1, 2013): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2013-0014.
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Summary The purpose of this article is to present the main issues associated with the creation of the supraregional strategy on the example of Western Poland. It is in the first part of the study that there were presented external conditions for the cooperation arising from the regulations of the most important European and Polish program documents of the time horizon up to 2020. The next part presents synthetic social and economic characterization of the macro-region of Western Poland. Subsequently, the concept and the objectives for the creation of the supraregional strategy were presented. It is at present that the Development Strategy for Western Poland and the Development Strategy for Southern Poland for the Śląskie and Małopolskie Voivodeships are being created. These initiatives are bottom-up actions of the self-government bodies of the voivodeships that allows for implementing the model of the multilevel governance and the strategic partnership of the domestic and regional system. These are the first cooperation projects amongst macro-regions in Poland initiated from the bottom up and voluntarily by self-government authorities, in which the voivodeships acknowledge that their development should take place through joint actions taken in the entire macro-region and creating the synergy effect. These are very innovative actions against the background of the experience at programming the regional development in Poland.
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Malinoshevska, Kateryna I., Dеnys Martyshyn, Inga Perestyuk, Svitlana Panchenko, and Azad Omarov. "Management of Financial and Economic Development of Border Regions of Ukraine." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (March 26, 2021): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.59.
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The aims of the research are to study the management efficiency of financial and economic development of the border regions of Ukraine through the assessment of funding of the Cross-Border Cooperation Programme Poland-Belarus-Ukraine 2014-2020. The methodology is based on quantitative and qualitative research following the concept of “cross-border regional innovation system”. The basic research methods are statistical analysis of project financing indicators of the Cooperation Programme and content analysis of reports for 2016-2019 on project implementation. The results demonstrate the crucial role of the proximity of border regions in the level of development of the social-economic system, which accelerates cross-border cooperation and the effects of integration. Quantitative and qualitative assessments of the Programme prove the existence of insignificant short-term effects of cooperation between countries due to different levels of development of the border regions of Ukraine and Poland. The higher level of economic development of Poland’s regions has provided a comparative advantage in the implementation of projects in the framework of the Programme. The formation of a market model of Ukraine’s economy determines the implementation of projects in the social sphere, which in the long run will provide an influx of investment. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of using the results of the study in the development of cross-border cooperation programs within the concept of “cross-border regional innovation system”.
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Lizińska, Wiesława. "Use of Investment Areas in Special Economic Zones in Poland in the Context of Planned Legislation Changes." Real Estate Management and Valuation 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/remav-2019-0009.
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Abstract Boundaries of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Poland change constantly and preferential conditions, including attractive investment land sites, become important factors underlining a decision to choose the location of an enterprise. Not all land allocated to investment projects within special economic zones in Poland has been developed and, in the context of planned amendments to the law regulating SEZs, it is worth asking whether the extent to which the zones are developed will change once the new law becomes effective. This is an important question because much of the investment land offered by SEZs is composed of land plots ready to be developed. The aim of this paper has been to diagnose and assess the current level and changes in the development of investment areas within special economic zones in Poland. Attention was paid to potential consequences of the planned amendments in the Act on the Principles of Supporting New Investments to the management of areas enclosed in SEZs. The research data were obtained from the Ministry of Development, published in Reports on the Implementation of the Act on Special Economic Zones (covering the years 2009-2016), and from the Polish Investment and Trade Agency (PAIH).
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Tarnowska, Katarzyna, and Janusz Rosiek. "The JESSICA Initiative: An Instrument for Urban Sustainable Development. Examples of Urban Regeneration in Silesia (Poland) and Central Moravia (Czech Republic)." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 18, no. 2 (June 16, 2015): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2015-0015.
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This article presents the practical possibilities associated with implementation of the JESSICA initiative in selected regions of Poland and the Czech Republic. i.e. in Silesia (Poland) and Central Moravia (Czech Republic). The post-socialist nature of these regions was determinative of their backwardness in terms of socio-economic development, as well as available infrastructure. Nonetheless these regions are different to a large extent, because Silesia is a typical post-industrial area, where the mining industry has been in operation for many years. After significant limitation of the scale of its economic operations, many areas and objects remain unused. They can be revitalized and then used to contribute to more sustainable socio-economic development of the region. In turn, Central Moravia represents a geographical area which has been adversely affected by the effects of the ongoing economic crisis. To some extent, Silesia suffers from similar problems as Central Moravia, but it also encounters some specific difficulties arising from its post-industrial character. For this reason, there was a necessity to properly identify opportunities to support projects financed from the JESSICA initiative in the analyzed regions, as well as to adapt the scope of these projects to the specific socio-economic conditions in the regions under investigation.
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Białek, Jacek, and Adam Oleksiuk. "Impact of the EU funds in the field of transport infrastructure – national and regional dimension." Oeconomia Copernicana 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2011): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2011.003.
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The following study aims at presenting the scale and impact of the projects concerning the development of the transport infrastructure in Poland co-financed from the European Union’s funds. The authors present the hypothesis that to date the impact of the said projects (implemented within the framework of both National Development Plan 2004-2006 and the National Strategic Reference Framework 2007-2013) is – due to both prolonged period of negligence in this area and dynamic economic development – not significant enough to satisfy the existing needs in the analyzed area. It is emphasized, however, that the said projects have constituted an important part of the investment effort aimed at systematic improvement of the transportation system in Poland. The authors assert not only that in order to meet the existing needs in this field the investment process should continue under the framework of the financial perspective 2014-2020, but also that the continued development of the transport infrastructure should be based on the network-based paradigm and grounded in a solid institutional framework.
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Standar, Aldona, Agnieszka Kozera, and Dawid Jabkowski. "The Role of Large Cities in the Development of Low-Carbon Economy—The Example of Poland." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020595.
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The main objective of the article is to evaluate the investment activity of large cities in Poland in the area of developing a low-carbon economy in 2014–2020, co-financed by European Union funds. This article poses several research questions, namely: Do large cities with environmental problems actively obtain EU funding to develop a low-carbon economy? What are the main socio-economic and environmental determinants of the level of the EU funding absorption among large cities in the research area? The empirical research was conducted on the basis of the data from the Ministry of Investment and Economic Development in Poland, which is responsible for the implementation of cohesion policy funds and from the Local Data Bank of Statistics Poland. Under the 2014–2020 perspective, 223 such projects have been implemented for a total of PLN 21 billion (EUR 4.74 billion). The projects focused on: transportation, electricity, gaseous fuels, steam, hot water and air for air conditioning systems, and environmental and climate change activities. In terms of both the number and the value of EU funds spent, great variation has been observed. Analysis of the correlation relationships showed a highly positive correlation between selected indicators of investment activity in the field of low-carbon economy co-financed by EU funds (especially taking into account the value of investments per area) and socio-economic indicators of Polish metropolises. Metropolises with high demographic, economic, and financial potential have proven to be more effective beneficiaries. Interestingly, no correlation was found between investment activity in the low-carbon economy and the level of environment pollution in large cities. This means that, unfortunately, pro-environmental activities depend on the state of finances of the cities, and not necessarily on the actual needs, even taking into account the fact that the EU covers a large proportion of the costs.
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Kozera, Agnieszka, Małgorzata Dworakowska-Raj, and Aldona Standar. "Role of Local Investments in Creating Rural Development in Poland." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061748.
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Poland’s rural areas are characterised by a significant degree of development diversity, especially in the case of communes—the smallest territorial units. For development to take place, the entity responsible for its creation must incur the necessary investment expenditures. By implementing the public tasks assigned to them, communes are responsible for ensuring sustainable local development, which indirectly affects regional development and shapes the development of the entire country. Therefore, this article aims to assess the level and diversity of rural commune investment activities and their impact on the development of Poland’s rural areas. The empirical research conducted was aimed at verifying the following hypothesis: “The highest investment activity can be observed primarily in rural communes located in Eastern Poland”. The Regions of Eastern Poland are characterised by their peripheral location, both in the country and all of the EU. The research covered the 2007–2018 period due to a particular increase in local investment projects thanks to such factors as obtaining EU funding, as well as others. The research included one- and multidimensional analyses of the phenomenon examined with the use of the TOPSIS method to obtain the value of the synthetic measure of the rural commune investment activity level. The designated investment activity classes were the basis for the analysis of their links with their location within the macroregion, as well as their socio-economic status. The research has shown that the most pro-investment municipalities are located primarily in the Southern and Eastern Macroregions while those spending the least on investment projects are situated in the North-Western and Northern Macroregions. Thus, the research hypothesis put forth in the article has been confirmed. This delimitation is due to additional state resources being provided to the less developed eastern areas of Poland. Citizens living in these regions can not only take advantage of the funding provided as part of the Regional Operational Programmes, but also the Eastern Poland Programme dedicated to helping them.
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Sysoiev, Oleksii. "TRENDS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IN CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND." Continuing Professional Education: Theory and Practice, no. 3 (2022): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/1609-8595.2022.3.11.
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The article reveals the trends of professional training of circular economy specialists in the Republic of Poland. Such trends include: the creation of a legal framework for the development of the circular economy and the training of specialists in the circular economy, the implementation of financing projects that support the development of the circular economy, in particular the training of specialists for the implementation of circular economy models, the interdependence of the development of economic theory and the content of practical training of specialists in circular economy, education of children, youth and the entire population of the country regarding their role in environmental protection, the diversity of subjects involved in the training of circular economy specialists, the priority of postgraduate education in the training of circular economy specialists, the diversification of circular economy education forms and methods, deployment of professional training on the circular economy in higher education institutions, provision of practice-oriented training using both educational projects and projects on specific production (production projects), selection for forms development of the content component of the professional training of circular economy specialists in the priority sectors of circular economy implementation in the Republic of Poland, training specialists to apply circular economy business models. It was concluded that taking into account the trends of professional training of specialists in the circular economy in the Republic of Poland is of great importance for the recovery of the economy of Ukraine, as they indicate directions and ways of achieving goals based on the experience of European countries.
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Stoica, Gabriela Dalila, Maria Cristina Sterie, Andreea Daniela Giucă, and Carmen-Elena Dobrotă. ""Comparative analysis of the National Rural Development Programme 2014-2020 between Romania and Poland "." Journal of Financial Studies 7, no. 13 (2022): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55654/jfs.2022.7.13.12.
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The National Rural Development Programme (NRDP) is a programme of the European Union and the Romanian Government to provide free funds for the economic and social development of rural Romania. The purpose of this study is to highlight the situation of Romania compared to Poland, both Member States of the European Union, in terms of financial allocation of the national rural development program in the period 2014-2020. To achieve this goal, the financial statements on the allocation of NRDP for both states were analyzed, including the number of applications submitted and payments completed for the main sub-measures financed by NRDP. The NRDP has a strong impact on agricultural production in rural areas and, therefore, in addition to financing the development and modernisation of agricultural production and rural infrastructure, the European Fund has contributed to improving the quality of life of rural populations by creating new jobs. For measure 4.1, Poland implemented projects worth €2.23 billion, or 52.6% of the total allocation for the measure, and Romania implemented projects worth €0.677 billion, or 42.3% of the total allocation. In terms of the number of farms in 2016, Romania registered 3.4 million farms and a workforce of 6 million employees on farms, double the number of Poland (1.4 million farms and 3 million employees on farms).
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Środa-Murawska, Stefania, and Daniela Szymańska. "The concentration of the creative sector firms as a potential basis for the formation of creative clusters in Poland." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 20, no. 20 (June 1, 2013): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2013-0013.
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Abstract The study aims to present the structure and analyse the distribution of economic activities comprising the creative sector (covering 10 sections of PKD 2007 - the Polish Classification of Activities based on NACE rev. 2 - the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community) of the Polish economy in the context of the potential basis for the formation of creative clusters in Poland. The study concentrates on the numbers of creative firms based in all 3,076 Polish gminas (306 urban gminas, 1,576 rural gminas and 597 urban-rural gminas; in the latter, 597 urban areas and 597 rural areas are considered separately). As found, most of the firms are involved in architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis (M 71) and other professional, scientific and technical activities (M 74). It has also been established that some local incubators of the potential clusters of creative industries form eight distinct centres, the most prominent of which is the Warszawa centre. The identification of areas with higher concentrations of creative firms has demonstrated that in Poland, like in western countries, creative firms tend to locate in large cities (Warszawa, Kraków, Poznań, Wrocław and Tri-City) and in the regions around them.
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Ciesiółka, Przemysław. "Urban Regeneration as a New Trend in the Development Policy in Poland." Quaestiones Geographicae 37, no. 2 (April 26, 2018): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2018-0015.
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Abstract Regeneration of degraded areas takes an important position in the Polish development policy. It is included in the legal framework resulting from the Regeneration Act and the Physical Planning and Spatial Development Act. It constitutes a significant element in the programming of socio-economic and spatial development. This is largely thanks to the EU funds which are the basis for financing the projects and programmes for regeneration. In the country’s development policy a complex approach to regeneration is promoted, manifested by the concentration of activities in the most neglected areas, integrated activities carried out with a broad social participation which will be continuously monitored and evaluated on this basis. The Polish model of regeneration, formulated in such a way, gives hope for the elimination of critical situations in cities and communes.
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Khorishko, Liliia. "POLAND'S ENERGY SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF EU ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 7, no. 4 (September 27, 2021): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-4-226-230.
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The current conditions of global development actualize the need for political actors to form a high level of energy security. It expands the state's ability to ensure the sustainability of economic development and the ability to withstand likely threats. The issue of energy security and sovereignty are key on the agenda of the EU, which seeks to implement a strategy of global leadership. The environmental modernization of the EU energy sector and each member state must comply with the main goal of «The European Green Deal», which is to reduce carbon emissions by 55% before 2030. The subject of the study is the substance and peculiarities of the formation of energy security in Poland. The aim of the study is to analyze the mechanisms of energy security of Poland in the context of EU environmental initiatives. Research methodology: systematic approach, method of analysis and comparison. The issue of energy security is recognized as key in achieving sustainable economic development in Poland. The content and basic principles of state energy security are presented in the National Security Strategy and detailed in the Energy Policy. Among the main directions of ecological modernization of the energy sector the following have been identified: efficient consumption of national energy resources; modernization of the energy sector and infrastructure; diversification of natural gas, oil, liquid fuel supplies; optimization of energy market functioning; construction of nuclear power plants; expansion of alternative energy sources; modernization of heating and co-generation energy systems; increasing energy efficiency. Polish officials have emphasized the need for a three-phase energy transition, involving a reduction in the production and use of coal, a gradual increase in the share of natural gas and the expansion of opportunities to use energy from alternative sources. The modernization of Poland's energy sector correlates with the implementation of «The European Green Deal» and other EU environmental initiatives. Energy sovereignty is secured through domestic and foreign financial assistance. The National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management of Poland attracts investments in environmental projects related to the development of geothermal energy and improvement of infrastructure energy efficiency. EU special funds (European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund, Cohesion Fund, Just Transition Fund and Modernization Fund) provide funding for national or regional projects aimed at the comprehensive modernization of the Polish energy sector and the implementation of commitments to achieve climate neutrality. Poland pursues an active policy of cooperation in the energy sphere with other states – Denmark, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Projects such as "Baltic Pipe" and "The Baltic Synchronisation Project" are in the active implementation phase. The results of the study: energy security is a key factor in the sustainability of economic development of Poland, the implementation of the modernization of the national energy complex correlates with the EU environmental initiatives, which contributes to the attraction of domestic and foreign investment, as well as the resources of public diplomacy.
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Lewandowska, Agata, and Justyna Chodkowska-Miszczuk. "The role of participation in the development of the smart city idea: frameworks, opportunities, mechanisms." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, no. 57 (July 22, 2022): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2022-0025.
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The progressing urbanisation process and its visible effects are prompting local authorities to seek new solutions to contemporary development challenges, especially those identified in post-socialist cities, including in Poland. Nowadays, the smart city concept is becoming widely popular. This idea is grounded in the principles of sustainable development in all spheres of socio-economic life. However, in a comprehensive approach, it moves away from its strictly technological definition towards the social context and local conditions. Nowadays, there are more and more instruments supporting social and civic activity of the inhabitants of Polish cities. One extremely popular mechanism is the participatory budget. In order to trace its importance in the implementation of the smart city concept, an empirical analysis was undertaken in Bydgoszcz (a medium-sized city in Poland). According to the research, the participatory budget is asymmetrical, with infrastructure investments dominating. Support is needed for pro-social activities and those activating residents. Therefore, the diversification of projects in the budget, including setting aside a pool of funds for pro-social and cross-district projects, should be viewed in a positive light.
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Gajdzik, Bożena, Krystian Janiszewski, and Jan Szymszal. "Strategic Investments of Restructured Metallurgical Companies in Sustainability Business." Solid State Phenomena 226 (January 2015): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.226.205.
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The article presents the strategic investments implemented in metallurgical enterprises in Poland in time of economical changes. After 1989 Polish steelwork plants started restructuring process connected with technological investments. Polish steelwork plants became a part of foreign capital groups or domestic capital groups. Privatised metallurgical enterprises after economic transformation gradually implemented new technology to their business activities. In the publication an overview of the definitions of strategic and development investments was conducted together with the presentation of the key investments which influence the sustainability of the business in the metallurgical enterprise on Polish market. As a case study was used ArcelorMittal Poland company. In 2004 international concern LNM (ArcelorMittal Poland today) bought the biggest Polish steelwork plants. Since that time the capital group invested 3 billion zlotys in new technology and modernization of the plants. Key strategic investment projects in the company were characterized in the paper.
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Murzyn, Dorota. "Urban development under EU cohesion policy – an example of major cities in Poland." Urban Development Issues 53, no. 1 (January 20, 2018): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/udi-2017-0003.
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Abstract One of the objectives of Poland’s accession to the European Union was to accelerate modernisation and development processes both nationally and locally. Cohesion policy measures provide a way to support these modernisation processes, and cities, especially large ones, play a particular role in this regard. The study aims to assess the role of EU cohesion policy funds in urban development in Poland (with the example of major cities – cities with poviat status). The expenditure on the implementation of projects financed with EU funds accounts for more than half of the investment expenditure of cities with poviat status. Placing it in the context of the full spectrum of public intervention, as well as investments by businesses and other actors on the territories of cities, those cities are the largest beneficiaries of EU cohesion funds in Poland. In the light of the results of quantitative research it can be said that the implementation of cohesion policy is important for large cities and has had an impact on the improvement of their economic situation. By analysing the thematic structure of the projects that have been carried out and co-financed with EU funds we can see that they have contributed to smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, but the scale of this impact should be the subject of further research.
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Szul, Roman. "Geopolitics of Natural Gas Supply in Europe – Poland between the EU and Russia." European Spatial Research and Policy 18, no. 2 (November 30, 2011): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10105-011-0012-1.
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The article analyses possible interests, attitudes and activities of the major actors in the ‘natural gas supply game’ in Europe after 1990: Russia/Gazprom, alternative suppliers like countries in the Caspian Sea area, the main consumers of gas and transit countries. It stresses that behaviour of the actors depends on the changing international political and economic situation and conditions in individual countries. Special attention is paid to pipeline projects: Nord Stream, South Stream and Nabucco, and reactions to them, such as building a LGN terminal at Świnoujście (Poland), North-South (Baltic-Adriatic) energy corridor and the Polish-Russian gas contract of 2010.
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Szuszkiewicz, Ewa, and Najbar Bartlomiej. "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE PROJECT „BALANCED DEVELOPMENT IN THE SPREE-NEISSE-BOBER EUROREGION”." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 1999): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr1999vol1.1875.
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The Spree-Neisse-Bober Euroregion was established on the Polish and German borderland on September 21, 1993. The statutes, principles of co-operation, aims and tasks were elaborated. In the last seven years a number of investment projects have been carried out: the construction of a sewage treatment plant Gubin - Guben, a number of cross? border projects (founding the Landscape Park Krzesin -Neuzelle, sanctuaries of Nature, ecological grounds). One of the goals of the Spree-Neisse-Bober Euroregion " is to level the existing economic differences between Poland and Germany and to co-operate in the fields of culture, tourism, sports, education and mass media.
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Graczyk, Tadeusz. "Underwater Vehicles in the Research Work of Szczecin Universities — Projects." Polish Hyperbaric Research 76, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/phr-2021-0014.
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Abstract The article presents the development and scope of research work in the early period of interest in deep-sea technology in Poland in the 1980s. The research was carried out at the then Szczecin University of Technology and initially concerned studies of the level of world technology, followed by the construction of experimental unmanned underwater vehicles. The work culminated in the development of designs for manned deep-sea vehicles, the construction of which depended on commissions from the countries of the Eastern Bloc. Political and economic changes resulted in the abandonment of the continuation of work.
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Porębska, Anna, Krzysztof Barnaś, Bartosz Dendura, Olga Kania, Marta Łukasik, Aleksandra Rogulska, Ernestyna Szpakowska-Loranc, and Miłosz Zieliński. "Lockdown in a disneyfied city: Kraków Old Town and the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic." URBAN DESIGN International 26, no. 4 (October 4, 2021): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41289-021-00175-5.
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AbstractThis paper presents the geography of the historic central district of Kraków, Poland before, during and after the first wave of the 2020 pandemic. It describes how the disneyfied main part of the UNESCO heritage site of universal values turned into a ghost town as functional changes were turning into physical ones amid restrictions. From the results of pre-pandemic processes (that, as we argue, turned the city into its disneyfied version), to the lockdown (that later revealed itself to be but the first one in a row), to the post-lockdown recovery, these changes are presented in modified figure-ground diagrams with accessibility being defined by both tangible and intangible properties. The results are set against the background of the city’s current policies regarding economic recovery, mobility and accessibility to urban green areas. As an attempt to address the present vulnerability of the once resilient historic city centres—of which Kraków Old Town is a luminous example—this paper tends to be a voice in the debate on the post-2020 planning and the strategies we will need to face the subsequent waves of this, or other, pandemics as well as consequences of climate change.
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Chetverikova, A. "Central Europe in the Pandemic Era: First Economic Results." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 3 (2021): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-3-92-101.
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The article analyzes the response of the Visegrad Group countries to the 2020 pandemic. Measures are outlined that were taken by Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to support their economies, including efforts to stabilize labour markets and measures for several most affected sectors. The author assesses the main economic indicators of the Visegrad countries during the first half of 2020 in the light of the consequences of imposed restrictive measures. The reaction of the Visegrad economies to the pandemic correlates with the pan-European reaction. Special attention is paid to the condition of the foreign trade sector of the “four” members, which plays an important role in their economies. The dynamic of foreign trade relations of Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic with the European Union and Russia during the pandemic is analyzed. Mutual trade flows within the Visegrad Group are evaluated in the light of opportunities to compensate downturns in other markets. Possible prospects for the development of the Visegrad Group after the pandemic are considered. The existing forecasts of the Group’s countries development are analyzed. The factors influencing the recovery process in the Visegrad countries are given. The consequences of COVID 19 will affect many sectors of Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, which will not be able to cope with them without the EU support. Realization of opportunities including the emergence of more innovative elements in their economies that meet the challenges of the 21st century, will also depend on the members of the Visegrad Group themselves. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared within the project “Post-crisis world order: challenges and technologies, competition and cooperation” supported by the grant from Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation program for research projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (Agreement № 075-15-2020-783).
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Potrzuski, Kamil. "Socio-political, Economic and Image-related Aspects of Representational Sports Investments in the Second Republic of Poland with Particular Emphasis on Warsaw." Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe 4, no. 2 (2021): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/sit.2021.04.11.
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After Poland regained its independence, Polish sports achieved beneficial conditions for development. It resulted in the creation of the first community and government sports management solutions. The opportunity of the State’s financial support helped to overcome one of the significant obstacles to the development of sports at that time – the lack of an adequate number of sports facilities. This process was incredibly intensive during the years 1926–1929 due to the economic and political circumstances. Several representative facilities of international importance were erected during the interwar period. The main or the only investor in this type of projects was the State, which was aware of the beneficial consequences of sports for promoting its image on the international forum. Local and regional investors in sports facilities often included the self-government or community organisations and sports clubs. Even then, they usually completed their projects with the support of state funds. It was the State – independently or as a principal partner in the public-private partnerships - that was the main sponsor of sports in the Second Republic of Poland, especially in terms of the symbolic facilities of international significance.
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Marszał, Tadeusz, and Agnieszka Ogrodowczyk. "Research Directions and Achievements of Polish Geography of Construction." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 32, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.324.8.
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Although the second half of the 20th century is the period of development of economic geography in Poland, in the first post-war decades geography of construction did not function as a separate geographical subdivision. More significant development of spatial research in this field was brought about a quarter of a century ago. In the article devoted to the problems of geography of construction in Poland, the subject scope, main directions of research and the achievements of this sub-discipline are discussed. Geography of construction is a branch of economic geography, which examines spatial aspects of construction and assembly ‘production’, with special attention to spatial organisation of investment processes, as well as conditions and effects of location and spatial structure of construction investments. The literature review allows for isolating the main directions, among which the following can be listed: conditions for the development of construction of different functions, also in the context of the accompanying phenomena (e.g. in the social sphere), location factors and effects of construction investments, as well as research devoted to the spatial structure of construction projects and their links with geographical environment. Research topics of geography of construction are part of the spatial processes within the interests of other geographic sub-disciplines, as well as of related social, economic and even technical disciplines. The achievements of Polish geography of construction of the last quarter of a century are important from the point of view of a better recognition of the conditions and course of the socio-economic transformation in Poland in different contexts and different spatial scales.
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Viktorov, Bohdan. "Comparative analysis of the development of innovative network companies in Ukraine and Poland." Regional Economy, no. 3(97) (2020): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2020-3-11.
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The level of development of the network companies functioning at national and international markets shows their capacity to create highly efficient products (services) from the viewpoint of technologies, consumer properties, and market requirements that would secure their competitive positions and financial and economic condition, and improve the innovativeness of the country. The integration with international markets and innovative development for the network structures depends on the development level of organizational, communicational, scientific-technological, and economic characteristics of the activity. Currently, Ukrainian innovative network structures do not lag behind the foreign ones by certain aspects and development directions. Therefore, finding the comparative characteristics of the development of Ukrainian and foreign innovative network companies will contribute to estimating the capacity by the nature of the strengths and weaknesses of these entities. The article systematizes the strengths and weaknesses (problems) of innovative development in the network interaction of participants of Ukrainian and Polish innovative network companies. The article proves that in comparison with the Polish ones, the Ukrainian network structures have a lower level of communication exchange of knowledge, development of interaction between the personnel of the participants, the management of the participants at all levels; less access to scientific laboratories for all network participants due to imperfect guidelines in the use of equipment; insufficient level of joint financing of costs for staffing and training of staff and coordination between members of the networks on cooperation with contractors, which affects the growth of technical and economic indicators. The article reveals that in comparison with Ukrainian innovation networks, Polish companies do not carry out projects for independent creation of intangible assets (technologies, programs), they just adapt the acquired ones. This aspect is a significant advantage of Ukrainian network structures that indicates a higher intellectualization and further prospects.
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Buglay, Natalia. "Collaboration of Poland and Ukraine within the framework of transfrontal projects in the period of 1995-2005 years." Scientific Visnyk V. O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Historical Sciences 48, no. 2 (2019): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33310/2519-2809-2019-48-2-7-11.
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In the article the Polish transfrontal policy is analysed at the end of ХХ – at the beginning of ХХІ ages, that is characterized the wide palette of connections in political, economic, ecological, infrastructural, educational, cultural and humanitarian spheres. Development of transfrontal collaboration of Poland for period 1995–2005 was very much an important factor not only from point of development actually of boundary regions but also in the context of acceleration of the European integration process of country on the whole. Among Central Europe countries Poland was one of more active participants of transfrontal collaboration. It is found out, that RP is the transfrontal leader of region of Central Europe. Indisputably, that every boundary region has the specific descriptions, both positive and negative. However, will mark that a level of development of transfrontal collaboration of regions of Poland is excellent, in fact every level has both the features and depends on a nearby partner for other side of border. To our opinion, political will of sides, activity of territorial organs of power is the base condition of transfrontal collaboration. Coordination of efforts of sides is sent, foremost, on implantation of the European legal field in a national legislation, overcoming of asymmetry of development. An Ukrainian-Polish transfrontal collaboration is characterized prevailing of barrier function of border, high level of centralization of power, low bringing in, to the collaboration of local societies. After east expansion of European Union in 2004 – for the Ukrainian side new instruments and mechanisms, new instituty forms, were opened, consequently, new possibilities of transfrontal collaboration.
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Roszko-Wójtowicz, Elżbieta, and Maria M. Grzelak. "Multi-dimensional analysis of regional investment attractiveness in Poland." Equilibrium 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 103–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2021.004.
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Research background: A given region's investment attractiveness is a set of conditions that depend primarily on the policy of the country that is the recipient of direct foreign investment, encouraging or discouraging foreign investors from making decisions about locating investments in a given area. These conditions include the economic conditions, the infrastructure, the political and legal system, the business environment, and the sociocultural environment. a foreign investor, the motive for exporting capital abroad is the search for benefits that can be derived from the business activity conducted there, including easier entry into new markets. Purpose of the article: The main aim of the paper is to distinguish groups of voivodeships (NUTS 2 level) that are relatively homogeneous in terms of investment attractiveness, which is conducive to the inflow of foreign capital and the implementation of investment projects involving foreign capital. Methods: Distinguishing groups of voivodeships similar to each other in terms of the level of investment attractiveness is made by applying hierarchical cluster analysis. The dendrogram illustrates the hierarchical structure of clusters of similar objects according to the analysed set of variables. The quality of the clustering result is also assessed by determining the silhouette index. Comparative and descriptive analysis of CSO statistics are additional methods used that have contributed to the achievement of the aim of the paper. The research period covers the years 2000?2018. Findings & value added: The investment attractiveness of a voivodeship is closely related to the level of its economic development. Therefore, the following voivodeships are listed at the top of the investment attractiveness rankings: Mazowieckie, Dolnośląskie, Śląskie, Małopolskie, and Pomorskie. The conducted study has confirmed that the creation of special economic zones and the development of regional smart specialisations contribute to the inflow of foreign capital. It is worth noting that the assessment of investment attractiveness is relative. The comparison of the innovative attractiveness of voivodeships is based on the use of the average value, overestimated by cities, i.e. central hubs, attracting investors. The regional perspective on investment attractiveness using multi-dimensional statistical analysis methods is the added value of the article.
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Dzida, Ismena, and Marek Szajt. "Impact of Production of Electric Appliances on the High-Tech Development in Poland." Applied Mechanics and Materials 795 (October 2015): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.795.53.
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The article refers to the issues related to the development of high-tech industry. The text describes the history of the beginning of its development that as well as the main factors that determine its origins that development and location. Scientific description highlights the importance of high-tech industry. It is the cooperation of scientific knowledge with technological capabilities of the twenty-first century and a reasonable use of the opportunities offered by financial institutions while using the modern infrastructure. aim of this work is to identify the role of high-tech industry in the economy of European countries, especially Polish. The description illustrating the situation of the world technology helps decide the place of Poland in technological reality. Large differences in the political burden of the past significantly delayed the Polish industry. The positives of the current situation of Polish industry are constantly increasing expenditures on research and development and the use of the possibilities offered by EU funds for the financing of innovative projects. The existence of technology parks and special economic zones in Poland described in the article also brings with it the opportunities for the development of high-tech in the future.
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Kempa, Jarosław, and Artur Roland Kozłowski. "Participatory Budget as a Tool Supporting the Development of Civil Society in Poland." NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2020-0003.
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AbstractAlthough three decades have passed since the fall of communism in Poland, the observed level of social activity in the country is relatively low. Participatory budget emerged as an idea to increase the involvement of citizens in decision-making processes concerning their immediate surroundings. In addition to their inclusion in the activity of local government, this form of citizen participation is expected to have a positive impact on residents’ involvement in activities for the benefit of the local community. The aim of this article is to indicate the conditions that influenced the implementation of the idea of the first participatory budget in Poland and emphasizing the importance of the civic budget in managing public administration through partial decentralization involving local communities in social dialogue for local investment initiatives, especially in large provincial cities in Poland. The following research question was adopted in the paper: has the introduction of a participatory budget in Poland increased social activity and has it been conducive to the development of civil society. In Poland, the initiative to create a civic budget met good political conditions in the relatively small city of Sopot, which had the resources to implement the project. After successful implementation, this initiative was relatively quickly adopted by other Polish local governments, which then on their own introduced social consultations called the civic budget. Not all poviats introduced the civic budget of their own volition. The government, seeing the possibility of political discounting of this new solution, decided to introduce a mandatory participatory budget in town counties and ordered the allocation of funds from their budgets, no less than 1 % of budget expenditure. The article relies on the case-study method, comparative analysis and trend analysis, qualitative and quantitative methods of description, document analysis and statistical data. The analysis focuses on the town of Sopot and provincial capitals. Local conditions are important for understanding the processes of shaping active civic attitudes in Poland, because cities are the poles of development of civil society and give impetus to innovative changes in the entire socio-economic system. The materials used in the article include reports, documents and legal acts regarding the functioning of the town of Sopot.The study showed that the participatory budget indeed activates the local community around various projects. At the same time, the question of directly translating this activity into an increase in the number of organizations, associations and foundations remains debatable. The introduction of the participatory budget to administrative management practice in local-government units in Poland should be considered in terms of the soft power impact of administration on the shaping and development of civil society, which is still in the development stage in Poland.
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Beata Zagozdzon. "Conditions for the Development of Public-Private Partnership PPP - Analysis Based on an Example of Transport Infrastructure in Poland." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 22, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2020.1.35-41.
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Transport infrastructure is not currently the domain of activity of solely the public sector. Governments entrust the provision of services or realization of investment tasks to private entities and the form of involvement of private investors may be the public-private partnership PPP. Successful implementation of the PPP projects requires appropriate economic, legal, institutional and social conditions.
The article identifies these determinants based on the literature on the subject and then their analysis in relation to conditions of operation and market development of the PPP projects in the area of transport infrastructure in Poland. The analysis covered the years 2009-2018 and was conducted against the background of development of the PPP market in selected EU countries.
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Dalibozhko, Anastasiia, and Inna Krakovetskaya. "Youth entrepreneurial projects for the sustainable development of global community: evidence from Enactus program." SHS Web of Conferences 57 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185701009.
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Achievement of sustainable development that meets the needs of the present day without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, increasingly becoming a global agenda in addressing economic, environmental and social problems. This study raises the question of the possibility to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goals on the basis of involving young people into entrepreneurial projects. The object of the study is an international Enactus program, which originated in the US and now brings together students and business leaders in 36 countries (including Poland and Russia). The research methodology is based on the Triple Bottom Line Conception (a way of accounting factors in economic, environmental, and social impacts) and includes analysis of literature, comparison, generalization, content analysis, and the processing of empirical data obtained during interviewing Enactus students. The main findings of the study include the analysis of Enactus projects in terms of their relevance to the concept of sustainable development and the UN goals. The contribution of projects to the sustainable development of the world community has been assessed. On the basis of successful Tomsk State University experience substantiates the need to form joint international economic, ecological and social projects to solve current global problems more effectively.
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Rakowska, Joanna, and Irena Ozimek. "Renewable Energy Attitudes and Behaviour of Local Governments in Poland." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 2765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102765.
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The deployment of renewable energy at the local level can contribute significantly to mitigating climate change, improving energy security and increasing social, economic and environmental benefits. In many countries local authorities play an important role in the local development, but renewable energy deployment is not an obligatory task for them. Hence there are two research questions: (1) Do local governments think investments in renewable energy (RE) are urgent and affordable within the local budgets? (2) How do they react to the public aid co-financing investments in renewable energy? To provide the answer we performed qualitative analysis and non-parametric tests of data from a survey of 252 local authorities, analysis of 292 strategies of local development and datasets of 1170 renewable energy projects co-financed by EU funds under operational programs 2007–2013 and 2014–2020 in Poland. Findings showed that local authorities’ attitudes were rather careful, caused by financial constraints of local budgets and the scope of obligatory tasks, which made renewable energy investments not the most urgent. Public aid was a factor significantly affecting local authorities’ behavior. It triggered local authorities’ renewable energy initiatives, increasing the number and scope of renewable energy investments as well cooperation with other municipalities and local communities. Despite this general trend, there were also considerable regional differences in local authorities’ renewable energy behavior.
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Widz, Monika, Renata Krukowska, Bartłomiej Walas, and Zygmunt Kruczek. "Course of Values of Key Performance Indicators in City Hotels during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Poland Case Study." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 12454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912454.
Full textAbstract:
The main goal of this article is to assess the functioning of hotels during the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis was carried out on the basis of selected Key Performance Indicators (KPI) in hotels in Polish cities (Kraków; Poznań; Tri-City: Gdańsk, Gdynia, Sopot; Warsaw; Wrocław). The time range of the analysis covers the whole period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland (March 2020–February 2022) with data for 2019—before the outbreak of the pandemic. The analysis of the collected results of OCC, ADR, and RevPAR generally indicates instability of the basic economic indicators dependent not only on the demand limited by the pandemic restrictions but also on the type of tourism prevailing in individual cities. There is a difference between the hotel industry in cities, based mainly on foreign guests and business tourism, and the hotel industry in tourist/coastal regions, which are dominated by leisure tourism. During the greatest restrictions, hotels in Poland recorded huge drops in KPIs: a 95% drop in OCC and RevPAR. It was also found that the instability of demand during the pandemic and rapid changes in the values of the indicators prove the need for greater use of KPI benchmarks.
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Ziemba, Paweł. "Multi-Criteria Fuzzy Evaluation of the Planned Offshore Wind Farm Investments in Poland." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040978.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, the dynamic development of renewable energy has been visible all over the world, including Poland. Wind energy is one of the most used renewable energy sources. In Poland, by 2030, it is planned to commission at least six offshore wind farms with a total capacity of 3.8 GW. It is estimated that these investments will increase Poland’s GDP by approximately PLN 60 billion and increase tax revenues by PLN 15 billion. Therefore, they could be a strong stimulus for the development of the Polish economy and may be of great importance in recovering from the crisis caused by the economic constraints related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the article is a multi-criteria evaluation of the investments planned in Poland in offshore wind farms and identification of potentially the most economically effective investments. To account for the uncertainty in this decision problem, a modified fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method was used and a comprehensive sensitivity analysis was performed. As a result of the research, a ranking of the considered projects was constructed and the most preferred investments were identified. Moreover, it has been shown that all the investments considered are justified and recommended.
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Senetra, Adam, Agnieszka Szczepańska, and Monika Wasilewicz-Pszczółkowska. "Analysis of changes in the land use structure of developed and urban areas in Eastern Poland." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 24, no. 24 (June 1, 2014): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2014-0024.
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Abstract The development of housing, services and industry as well as the accompanying infrastructure leads to the intensification of urbanisation processes and changes in land use structure. The area of land characterised by urban use is increasing. The above trend is also observed in Eastern Poland despite its predominantly rural character and the absence of metropolitan areas exerting great pressure on the local landscape, contributing to regional development and enhancing the region’s competitiveness. The paper discusses changes in land use structure in developed and urban areas in Eastern Poland. The analysis includes five Polish voivodeships (Lubelskie, Podkarpackie, Podlaskie, Świętokrzyskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie) characterised by the lowest GDP per capita in the EU-25. For this reason, Eastern Poland will receive aid as part of the ‘Development of Eastern Poland’ Operational Program 2007-2013. This is the only supra-regional program in the European Union which promotes social and economic growth in underdeveloped regions by co-financing projects in urban development, road construction and tourism promotion. The analysis of changes in the share of developed and urban areas in total land area as well as changes in local land use structure (subgroups) covers the period of 2007-2013. The data relating to land use structure was supplied by the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography. It was used to determine the scale and rate of urbanisation in the analysed voivodeships (regions) and their constituent poviats (counties) with special emphasis on suburban areas. The results were presented in the form of cartograms and thematic maps with the use of GIS tools. The GIS tools support the visualisation of the spatial distribution of the analysed phenomena.
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Shuplat, Olena, Valentyna Shevchenko, Nataliia Lutsiv, Serhii Nekrasov, and Halina Hovda. "FINANCING THE FIXED ASSETS REPRODUCTION OF WOODWORKING ENTERPRISES: INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT ASPECT." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 4, no. 45 (September 5, 2022): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.4.45.2022.3801.
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The current market economy implies that the search for effective sources of financing the fixed assets reproduction is one of the key tasks in managing the fixed capital of the economic entity. In the changing external environment, modernized equipment of enterprises provides an opportunity to carry out innovative activities, as well as to implement investment projects. The aim of the research was to outline a modern approach to financing the reproduction of fixed assets based on the identification of the relationship between investments and innovations in this process. The research involved the following methods: analysis and synthesis to determine trends in the dynamics of capital investment in Ukraine and the Republic of Poland; regression analysis to forecast the capital investment volume in Ukraine and the Republic of Poland; the internal rate of return to evaluate the effectiveness of the innovation and investment project of a woodworking enterprise. Capital investment volumes in Ukraine and Poland are determined. The 2025 capital investment volume is projected at $8.02 billion in Ukraine (provided a stable rate of further economic decline), and at $110.2 billion in the Republic of Poland. The strategic priorities for the development of woodworking enterprises are outlined: the production of innovative products; implementation of effective solutions for products and markets provided full implementation of innovation and investment strategy; focus on current market needs; ensuring a minimum degree of risk with maximum control of the innovation and investment project; achieving a short-term return on investment with maximum liquidity of the project and the implementation of innovation and investment strategy. An innovation and investment project was developed for the production re-equipment to create an innovative model of interior doors, and its economic justification was carried out.
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Renigier-Biłozor, Małgorzata, and Andrzej Biłozor. "Territorial Marketing as an Element Boosting the Development of a Commune." Real Estate Management and Valuation 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/remav-2015-0014.
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Abstract Recently, it has become popular to streamline the way of managing territorial units by adapting the marketing approach to a territorial dimension. The majority of cities and communes in Poland have realized that, in order to achieve their set goals under conditions of fierce competition for limited resources, it is necessary to introduce territorial marketing as one of the key and significant own tasks to be implemented. The objective of the article is to develop principles of the effective use and management of the area of a commune by carrying out suitable marketing projects, based on an analysis of the social, economic and geopolitical situation of the commune, with particular emphasis placed on location factors.
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Niekurzak, Mariusz. "The Potential of Using Renewable Energy Sources in Poland Taking into Account the Economic and Ecological Conditions." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 11, 2021): 7525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227525.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the manuscript was to present the collective results of research on the profitability of using various renewable sources in Poland with the greatest development potential. In the paper, the economic parameters of various investment projects were determined and calculated, i.e., Net Capital Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and the Period of Return on Invested Capital (PBT). The economic assessment of the use of RES technologies was supplemented with the assessment of environmental benefits. The ecological criterion adopted in the study was the assessment of the potential and costs of reducing greenhouse gas emissions as a result of replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy technologies. On the basis of the constructed economic model to assess the profitability of investments, it has been shown that the analyzed projects will start to bring, depending on their type and technical specification, measurable economic benefits in the form of a reduction in the amount of energy purchased on an annual basis and environmental benefits in the form of reduction of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. Moreover, the calculations show a high potential for the use of certain renewable sources in Poland, which contributes to the fulfillment of energy and emission obligations towards the EU. The analyzes and research of the Polish energy market with the use of the presented models have shown that the project is fully economically justified and will allow investors to make a rational decision on the appropriate selection of a specific renewable energy source for their investment. The presented economic models to assess the profitability of investments in renewable energy sources can be successfully used in other countries and can also be a starting point for a discussion about the direction of energy development. Due to the lack of collective, original and up-to-date research on the domestic market, the manuscript provides the reader with the necessary knowledge regarding the legitimacy of using renewable energy sources, investment and environmental profitability.