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1
Pomfret, Richard. "The European Union and Central Asia: Economic development and trade." Australian and New Zealand Journal of European Studies 14, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30722/anzjes.vol14.iss2.15833.
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This paper analyses EU-Central Asia trade and EU economic assistance to Central Asia. Some EU companies have had a high profile in individual countries or in energy projects (reflected in trade relations between parent and host country), but overall EU companies have lagged the higher profile of Russian companies and the increasing Chinese economic presence. Central Asia had low priority in EU external economic policies towards Soviet successor states. After 2007 the EU became more active in designing a Central Asia strategy, but funding has been limited and the impact small. A significant development for EU-Central Asian economic relations has been the expansion of Eurasian rail services. This has a firm economic foundation and, if currently important routes are disrupted by events in Russia, alternatives will be found. The paper concludes with discussion of prospects for EU-Central Asian relations with new presidents in Uzbekistan since 2016 and Kazakhstan since 2019.
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Makhovka, Viktoriia, and Olha Nesterenko. "Characteristics of international business development between ukraine and poland." ЕКОНОМІКА І РЕГІОН Науковий вісник, no. 2(73) (September 23, 2019): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/eir.2019.2(73).1623.
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The essence of international business, its active development and expansion, that influence the integration of economic systems and intensification of business relations between countries, are considered. The attention is paid to the international market of the European Union, first of all to Polish-Ukrainian cooperation due to the modern development of international business. The importance of the development of trade and business between Ukraine and Poland is determined, taking into account close relations in the field of economy, politics, culture and historical connections. The legal framework between Ukraine and Poland is substantiated, which ensures the proper development of bilateral cooperation at the level of strategic partnership and emphasizes the presence of an active dialogue between countries. The main agreements between Ukraine and the European Union, which influence the economic cooperation between Ukraine and Poland, are considered, taking into account Polish membership in the EU. The implementation of special projects by the European Union to support the development of Polish-Ukrainian cooperation is determined. The increase of the intensity of economic exchange between Ukraine and Poland, the active development of trade and investment in various spheres of business and the growth of economic indicators are determined. The peculiarities of the development of the small business sector and its influence on the stabilization of socio-economic processes between European countries are substantiated, emphasizing Poland's experience in development of the small business as a driving force on the way to economic integration. The main aspects and characteristics of international business between Poland and Ukraine are determined and the main differences in doing business in these countries are revealed, emphasizing the perspectives of development.
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Kvashnin, Y. "European Union and Post-Soviet Countries: New Trends in Development Assistance." Russia and New States of Eurasia, no. 4 (2022): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2073-4786-2022-4-78-88.
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The article analyzes the policy in the field of international development assistance implemented by the EU in the post-Soviet space. It is shown that in the second half of the 2010s – early 2020s the largest European donor countries perceived this region as peripheral. The main part of the funds was allocated by the supranational authorities of the EU. Geographically, most official development assistance (ODA) was provided to Eastern European countries and the South Caucasus, while development assistance to Central Asia was financed on a residual basis. After the crisis in Ukraine escalated in 2022, the EU’s collective ODA increased sharply, and the country itself became the main recipient of European assistance. However, the bulk of aid is expenditure on refugees in donor countries, which is statistically recorded as ODA. Financing of projects on the territory of Ukraine itself is not so significant. In the context of the degradation of relations between Russia and the West, the EU countries are interested not so much in the reconstruction of the Ukrainian economy, but in using the anti-Russian potential of Ukraine. In this regard, not economic, but military assistance is of paramount importance.
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Basov, F. "Vishegrad Four and Development of European Integration." World Economy and International Relations 64, no. 12 (2020): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2020-64-12-87-95.
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This article is devoted to the study of the position of the Visegrad countries (Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia) on the further development of European integration. Particular attention is paid to such important EU projects as the Defense Union, the Energy Union and the European Green Deal. The article also analyzes the stand of the Visegrad states on migration issues, institutional problems of European integration, energy security. Prestige and status remain important factors for the foreign and European policy of the Visegrad countries. For this reason, the latter are supporters of an intergovernmental and confederal approach to European integration, preservation of national competencies. In the vision of the further development of European integration, the positions of the mainstream and V4 have come closer. The Visegrad states do not want to leave the EU and are not ready to go to a tough confrontation with Brussels. The V4 countries that are not part of the Eurozone are planning to join it. They also support the main and most ambitious projects of European integration mentioned above, although they have their own special priorities in these projects. Visegrad is a sub-region with its own characteristics in the perception of European integration. These characteristics consist in conservatism, pragmatism, agrarianism, an anti-migrant mood. In this, some neighboring countries are similar to the Visegrad Four – Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Lithuania, Latvia. This circumstance suggests that in the future it will be possible to speak about the informal group “V4+”.
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Hudec, Martin. "The Development of International Economic and Monetary Cooperation in Europe." Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia 11, no. 39 (June 1, 2018): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stcb-2018-0003.
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Abstract Since the end of the World War II, Europe has gone a long way on the path of a new era of socio-economic integration, continually battling and overcoming the political and economic fragmentation of earlier eras and less developed economies. The various difficulties and interruptions of the process involved, the European integration, since the 1952 European Coal and Steel Community, ranged from an initial small group to a large community comprising most European countries, the gradual removal of market barriers leading to the introduction of a customs union to the single market. Furthermore, the creation of Economic and Monetary Union and the adoption of the common currency have become the culmination of the whole process of economic integration, since the euro is used daily by 338.6 million Europeans in 19 EU member states. The aim of our research article is to closely analyze the development of the economic and monetary integration of Europe, since we believe that the single currency project represents a great success for the European Union as the result of long-term efforts on currency and economy stability, progress and economic growth.
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Jovančević, Radmila, Tomislav Globan, and Vedran Recher. "Does the Cohesion Policy Decrease Economic Inequalities in the European Union?" Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 18, no. 2 (November 1, 2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zireb-2015-0006.
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Abstract This paper examines the impact of the EU Cohesion Policy on the relative development of EU countries as well as on the development of NUTS-2 regions within member states. The main hypothesis is that the Cohesion Fund payments are reducing inequalities between member states, while failing to decrease the regional inequalities within member states in the European Union. The basic conclusion is that Cohesion funds should not be viewed as the only solution for the problem of regional inequalities in the EU, but rather as a complementary policy instrument to national regional policies. However, the problem of creating institutional capacity for the withdrawal of the Cohesion resources remains emphasized, especially in new member states with lower real GDP growth, in order to compete for projects of highest multiplicative effects on the economy.
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Podberezkina, O. A. "Transport Corridors in the Russian Integration Projects, the Case of the Eurasian Economic Union." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(40) (February 28, 2015): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-1-40-161-169.
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The article discusses the political importance of transport corridors in terms of the development of integration projects in the post-Soviet space. The world is witnessing the formation of a single market and transport and communication infrastructure, which intensifies competition among regional and world leaders, both states and non-state actors, such as businesses, markets over the routes of transporting goods. In the medium and long term the value of the control over the transport routes will increase due to the dynamics of economic development in the Asia-Pacific region. Competition for the development of projects of international transport corridors (ITC) between the leading countries in the region will increase, because the ITC entail the formation of a common political space, the reduction of tariff and customs barriers, which provides easy access to the markets of countries linked by ITCs and creates the preconditions for economic integration. The growing political importance of ITC is reflected in the fact that global leaders such as China, the US, the EU, are trying to create their own versions of international land transport corridors connecting Europe and Asia. China is trying to promote their transport project "Economic Belt Silk Road" European countries develop cooperation on ITC TRACECA with other countries of Eurasia. US also embody their interests through the implementation of the project by the ITC in Afghanistan. Transport corridors in Russia are seen as a way to integrate it into the global transportation system and logistics space. To do this, Russia needs to develop Eurasian transport corridors through its territory. As a result of the implementation of transport projects Russia will be able to ensure the transit of goods from China to Europe, which has a positive impact on the economic development of the regions through which they pass. Development of international transportation through Russia will unite many of the players on the world stage: integration associations, state, transnational corporations, business entities, regional authorities.
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Risteska, Sandra. "THE МEANING OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2801351r.
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Each country strives for growing economic development, but no country is able to implement it. Various experiences and projects from the countries of the European Union and other neighboring countries are taken and considered. Towards the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, economic movements are increasingly relying on public-private partnerships, which can lead to a rapid development process through the financing of infrastructure projects. Economic globalization, as well as the emergence of new opportunities for economic activity in the world, are aimed at cooperation of the authorities and businesses in the realization of the socio-economic policies. The implementation and realization of development projects through public-private partnerships is impossible without participation by the relevant institutions of the public and private sector. Above all, direct participation implies expertise, experience and education. Every project that will be realized through various forms of public-private partnership must fulfill certain conditions. Among the conditions for proper implementation of the project are: dialogue, transparency and monitoring. The main feature of PPP is the transfer of the risk to the financing, efficiency and quality of public services, which are usually the burden of the private partner. This paper analyzes and explores the essence of public-private partnership. The conceptual framework for public-private partnership, as well as its strengths and weaknesses, is set. With the application of PPP, the economic development of the infrastructure as a whole, and in particular the development of local infrastructure, is analyzed. The origin of PPPs, its characteristics, as well as the need and importance for their continuous implementation are explained. The application of PPP is considered through the experiences in certain countries of the European Union and the Republic of Macedonia. Then, the responses to previously hypothesized hypotheses are collected: what is the successful implementation of PPP, what is needed for PPPs and why. In the end, the data from the conducted research are collected, analyzed and determined the profile of certain activities, as well as the possible decisions for further strategies for the implementation of the PPPs.
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Ágnes Barbara Berde. "Acquisition practice prior to commercial use in the European Union." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 50 (December 16, 2012): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/50/2581.
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The target of 3% of GDP spent on R&D by the Lisbon priorities seems to be still far away from the reality in some European countries and at EU level as well. The economic crisis determined the priorities and it makes more complicated to dedicate more budget on Research and Development. New methods, new measures are needed in the European Union. Measures that supporting the demand side of the innovation and generates market-pull affects. The Europe 2020 Innovation Union Flagship Initiative dedicates a special role to precommercial procurement for the upcoming 10 years. Nowadays, there are more and more European countries running pilot projects adapting the American SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research) programme.
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Holovnia, Olena M., and Vitalii P. Potapov. "The Cross-Border Cooperation of Rural Areas in the Context of Convergence-Integration Processes." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 2, no. 52 (2022): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2022-2-76-82.
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The article discloses the importance of cross-border cooperation of Ukrainian rural areas in the context of convergence-integration processes in Ukraine in the context of the European vector of development of foreign economic relations. The regulatory framework and peculiarities of such cooperation are analyzed on the example of Zakarpatska Oblast. The means of increasing the efficiency of cooperation in order to deepen and develop the cross-border economic ties are proposed. Modern European countries are in a state of constant integration changes due to globalization and great interdependence, especially in the economic sense. Thus, cross-border cooperation is an important component of convergence processes, which largely shapes the agenda of European integration of our country. Ukraine has significant potential in the agricultural sector, cooperation with European neighbors in rural areas and agricultural districts deserves attention and a detailed study. In addition, a qualitatively new cross-border zone with the Member States of the European Union is being formed. Therefore, it is considered expedient to research the processes of interpenetration and integration of Ukrainian rural areas next to the State border. Recently, Ukraine has been distributing and implementing initiatives and projects aimed at strengthening Ukraine’s relations with neighboring countries, in particular with the European Union. To promote such cooperation in the border areas, the formation of appropriate infrastructure has begun, which is an important element for the successful implementation of the planned projects. The Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union provides for a wide range of opportunities for the modernization of regional policy, the implementation of cross-border cooperation and the development of rural areas. At the same time, the integration and convergence of border rural areas is the key to strengthening trade, economic and other relations between the countries.
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Ivanova, Lyudmila V. "WASTE MANAGEMENT IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 10 (2021): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.10.02.009.
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Numerous specialized and unauthorized landfills and huge volumes of waste are a serious problem for the use of minerals. The country's system of solid waste management, based on burial, incinera-tion, partial processing, does not fully comply with the climatic and socio-economic characteristics of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Russia is one of eight members of the Arctic Council, international organizations promoting development of cooperation in the field of environmental protection and sustainable develop-ment of circumpolar areas. In 2001, the Arctic Council approved an Action Plan for the elimination of pollution in the Arctic. For the implementation of the Plan, a specially created expert group on waste supports and oversees pilot projects demonstrating environmentally friendly waste management in the Arctic. Waste dis-posal methods that do not meet environmental standards can contribute to soil, water and air pollution through toxic emissions. Improper waste management can also lead to transboundary emissions. While there is clear progress in this direction in Europe due to the implementation of effective public policies on waste and a focus on the transition to a circular economy, significant amounts of valuable resources remain untapped as a result of ineffective waste management in practice.
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Gylka, K. "Prospects for European Integration of the Republic of Moldova and the Constitutional Component." Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 10, no. 2 (August 6, 2021): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-627x-2021-10-2-84-89.
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The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 28 European countries. The population is 508 million people, 24 official and working languages and about 150 regional and minority languages. The origins of the European Union come from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), consisting of six states in 1951 - Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. These countries came together to put an end to the wars that devastated the European continent, and they agreed to share control over the natural resources needed for war (coal and steel). The founding members of ECSC have determined that this European project will not only be developed in order to share resources or to prevent various conflicts in the region. Thus, the Rome Treaty of 1957 created the European Economic Community (EEC), which strengthened the political and economic relations between the six founding states. The relevance of the topic stems from their desire of peoples and countries to live better. The purpose of the study is to identify the internal and external development mechanisms of European countries and, on this basis, to formulate a model of economic, legislative and social development for individual countries. The results of the study provide a practical guideline for determining the vector of the direction of efforts of political, economic, legislative, humanitarian, etc.
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Sukhinin, Sergey, Konstantin Petrov, and Irina Novoselova. "Features, problems and opportunities for the development of transport corridors in the Eurasian Economic Union." E3S Web of Conferences 371 (2023): 04014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337104014.
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International transport corridors are a manifestation of transport links between states with the goal to expand economic contacts and develop transit traffic between them. International transport corridors ensure the coordination of transport systems of the participating states for the implementation of prompt, safe, large-scale and cost-effective supply of goods on a regular long-term basis. International transport corridors within the EAEU countries unite various types of transport routes, transport infrastructure facilities, vehicles and transport authorities. The decisive factor in the development of international transport corridors within the EAEU is the spatial localization of this integration grouping in the center of Eurasia between the European Union and China as the two main economic poles. Such location of the EAEU countries determines their opportunities for the transit of goods through their territory. However, the transport complex of the EAEU faces a number of problems that can be minimized through the implementation of promising projects for the development of transport and logistics infrastructure based on attracting investments and coordinating management decisions in the field of regulation of mutual transportation. This study examines the features of international transport corridors passing through the territory of the EAEU countries, analyzes the potential and problems of their development, and identifies opportunities for the implementation of large transport and logistics projects.
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Habro, Irina, and Mykhailo Solomko. "Development of environmental diplomacy of the European Union." European Historical Studies, no. 18 (2021): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.18.01.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of environmental diplomacy of the European Union. Today environmental diplomacy has become an important way for states to promote their course of environmental diplomacy, to protect their environmental rights and interests, to promote their own economic and environmental development. The most striking example of the application of green diplomacy on a regional and global scale is the environmental policy implemented by EU member states. Within the EU there is a huge number of environmental programs for the development of renewable energy sources, protection of flora and fauna, as well as combating pollution of water and land resources. To implement its own environmental diplomacy, the EU has adopted a number of important regulations, which are analyzed in the article. The most thorough legal act in the field of environmental diplomacy was Council Directive 85/337 / EEC of 1985 on the assessment of the effects of public and private projects on the environment. This directive reflects the EU’s desire to draw the attention of government agencies and the public to environmental issues and to encourage their collective solution. EU environmental diplomacy is carried out through diplomatic missions, missions, delegations, as well as at the individual level. It involves European politicians and officials who are able to influence international public opinion, employees of foreign ministries and diplomatic missions. The EU also involves third countries as partners to discuss the most pressing environmental issues and their future solutions: climate change, biodiversity conservation, soil depletion, forest and water resources, and renewable energy. Environmental protection is one of the priority areas for European integration. States wishing to join the EU must meet its environmental standards and implement key principles of environmental legislation. It is noted that the EU countries are trying to transfer the economy to clean technologies and diplomatically encourage others to take measures to improve the environmental situation.
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Chizhmodii, Y. I., and P. V. Tokar. "Economic relations of the EU with the countries of Central Asia." Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 134, no. 1 (2021): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2021-134-1-54-66.
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The international cooperation that takes place between the countries of the EU and Central Asia is important from both political and economic points of view. Central Asia is an important partner for the European Union due to its advantageous geographic location between Europe and Asia. Therefore, the EU, as well as the neighboring countries of Central Asia are striving to establishclose ties with this region. Based on the analysis of the data, the article argues that due to the presence of a powerful resource base, the subjects under consideration have all the opportunities for the development of the economy at a high level. Cooperation with foreign partners, well-chosen development priorities, projects to improve the transport infrastructure can make this macro-region one ofthe largest economic giants in the world.
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Ferran Vila, Susanna, Giorgia Miotto, and Josep Rom Rodríguez. "Cultural Sustainability and the SDGs: Strategies and Priorities in the European Union Countries." European Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n2p73.
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This research aims to analyze how the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are included in the EU cultural policies and which are the priorities of the European Union (EU) in the cultural sustainability’s agenda. We performed a content analysis of the EU Countries’ cultural policies, evaluating the grade of inclusion of the SDGs. The conclusions show that the EU cultural policies, although not explicitly, include the SDGs in the definition of their strategies, policies, projects and actions. Specifically, eight of the seventeen SDGs are included in relation to the following interdisciplinary topics: Cultural and Natural Heritage (SDG11), Cultural Education (SDG 4), Cultural Diversity (SDG 4), Social Inclusion (SDG 10), Information Access (SDG 16), Cooperation with other institutions (SDG 17), Environment (SDG 13), Economic Growth (SDG 8) and Gender Equality (SDG 5). Topics’ priorities are generally commonly defined in the different EU countries.
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Anghel, Mădălina-Gabriela, Constantin Anghelache, Cristian Marian Barbu, and Gabriel Ștefan Dumbravă. "Statistical model of investment evolution in European Union in the context of blockchain system." Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Statistics 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/icas-2019-0004.
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Abstract The economic growth of the national economy, within international bodies, as well as in the European Union, is a priority under the present conditions. Capital placement in geographic areas is based on effective opportunity studies. Such an analysis involves access to databases that satisfy the criteria for selecting the place of investment. At the same time, the media interested in attracting national or international investments can take such a decision on the basis of the data that will lead it to the optimal decision. Usually study of the market and the investment fields is insufficient and as such the effectiveness of the project is reduced. Under the very big data base, investors will have the chance to have information that needs to be used in a short time, and such opportunities need to be endowed with ultra-modern information systems. The issue of national and international investment is of utmost interest for any Member State of the European Union. In this respect, major projects will be developed involving as many member countries as possible, provided that everyone has the supremacy (to provide benefits) in a particular project sub-domain. Only specialization can provide the path to a viable and yet prolific economic and scientific cooperation. Through its directives, the European Union pursues both the individual development of each country and, above all, the complex development of the whole of the Union. In the big data era, investments, attracting them or entering into intra-Community economic cooperation provide a much faster course.
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Vassileva, Antoaneta, Mirjana Stevanović, and Milica Simić. "Economic relations between Bulgaria and Serbia: Current state and opportunities." Megatrend revija 17, no. 4 (2020): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/megrev2004141v.
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The main goal of this paper is to make a survey of the current state of the economic relations between Bulgaria and Serbia and to outline some recommendations for their future development. The analytical framework is based on a desk research of the economic cooperation between both countries and a study of several European projects in which they participate. Statistical data and information from official documents of the governments of Bulgaria and Serbia, as well as documents of the European Union have been used. The author does not aim to make just a comparative analysis but rather to look for the points of intersection of the mutual interests of both countries. The findings of the research enable the evaluation of the depth of economic cooperation between Bulgaria and Serbia and give grounds for conclusions about the prospects for expanding of their economic ties.
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Agapov, A. "“Union for the Mediterranean”: Problems and Contradictions." World Economy and International Relations, no. 9 (2010): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-9-66-71.
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The Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) suggested by Nicolas Sarcozy, the Ex-President of France, has been generating many questions from the very beginning. As experts note, this was due to the unsuccessful project kick-off. Since its first years, the Community model proposed to the Mediterranean countries appealed to solution of the most important problems by joint efforts. Common immigration policy, economic and trade development, common legal rules support, environmental protection and cooperative development were meant to be the "backbones" of the project. Investigating difficulties and perspectives of the European countries cooperation the author points that the UfM represents a promising tool for the energy problem solution. The Europe's energy market diversification program and, therefore, its security largely depends on how successfully the European partners will be able to make advantage of it.
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Korneliuk, Olha, Yuliia Zavadska, and Roman Chapko. "FORMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 3-4 (2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2021.3-4.2.
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Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the main modern forms of cross-border cooperation in the European Union, in particular, organizational forms of cross-border cooperation, historical background, and stages of cross-border cooperation, to analyse the functioning of Euro-regions at the present stage, including financial instruments, and especially the implementation of these processes in a pandemic COVID-19. Methodology of research. The study uses generally accepted methods in economics: a monographic, theoretical, and comparative analysis – to reveal the conceptual foundations of cross-border cooperation; analysis and synthesis, system-structural, abstract and logical, statistical groupings – to determine and analyse the forms of cross-border cooperation in the European Union. Findings. The main theoretical approaches to defining the essence of cross-border cooperation, its place, and its role in the process of economic development of the regions and participating countries are analysed. The main forms of implementation of cross-border cooperation are systematized, the results of cross-border cooperation are considered on the example of the functioning of separate Euro-regions and realization of cross-border projects. It is determined that in the conditions of globalization and strengthening of integration processes between the states the need to expand and deepen international relations between local self-government bodies grows. An analysis of the peculiarities of the development of cross-border cooperation in the face of the global pandemic COVID-19 was conducted. Originality. For the first time, it was established that the peculiarities of the implementation of forms of cross-border cooperation taking into account the new conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which will allow the development of an adaptive mechanism of organizational and economic support of this process. Practical value. The results of the conducted study can be used in the educational process, in particular, in the training of specialists in project management, management and administration, as well as in the implementation of practical activities of public authorities and local governments of urban settlements, cities, and regions that are cross-border regions. Key words: cross-border cooperation, forms of cross-border cooperation, Euro-region, cross-border project.
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Ranf, Diana. "Project Management – Support for Attracting European Funds and Condition of the Development of the Romanian Society." Scientific Bulletin 24, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsaft-2019-0018.
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Abstract The article contains an analysis of the state of absorption of European funds in Romania with a focus on the Central Region. The article highlights the role of project management as a method of attracting European funds. The importance of good management of the European funds is of particular importance for the increase of the welfare at national level by implementing a series of changes really necessary and important for the progress of the community. The purpose of the analyzes performed regarding the access and absorption stage of the funds, regarding the problems encountered, is to serve as support in the planning of the following financing periods. The practice of efficient project management opens the door to new projects, whose immediate effect is the increase of the absorption of European funds, followed by a recovery of the Romanian economy and the increase of the prestige of our country among the member countries of the European Union. But, before discussing prestige, recognition, reputation, the emphasis must be placed on ensuring a viable economic growth, which is really reflected in the living conditions of the population.
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Pawera, René, Lívia Bott Domonkos, and Richard Hakszer. "Impact Analysis of Slovak- Hungarian Cross Border Cooperation Projects." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 3, no. 3 (2017): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.33.1001.
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Cooperation is the key to a better Europe. European Union supports territorial cooperation between border-regions, especially in the border settlements. Border regions, towns and districts promote cooperation as a tool for growth and change through policy development and strategic orientation within territorial cooperation and beyond regional development. Regional disparities in Slovakia are actually the highest among EU countries and the Cohesion policy tries to balance with European standards. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of projects on disparity and economic growth in border areas mainly in the context of Slovak indicators. The comparative study also hypothesis whether the cross-border region in Hungary and Slovakia behave differently in terms of absorption in the 2007-2013 programming period. Besides, as for methodology, it was used various types such as statistical data, convergence analysis by disparities, comparative studies, absorptions maps of CBC projects, cohesion analysis of the region. Finally, it is focusing on future prognosis and possible trend of the current 2014-2020 period.
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DONGYANG, Zhang. "DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS OF ECONOMIC AND TRADE COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND UKRAINE." Economy of Ukraine 2018, no. 6 (June 15, 2018): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.06.003.
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The status and prospects of development of trade and economic relations between Ukraine and China are considered. It is proved that bilateral cooperation in the trade and economic sphere has made significant progress. In 2012–2017, China was the second largest trading partner of Ukraine after Russia. However, the problem of imbalance in imports and exports between Ukraine and China has not yet been resolved. In addition, the scale and number of projects in which Ukraine attracts Chinese investment is much less than investments from European countries and the United States. It is justified that trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and China is at a new historical stage. On the one hand, Ukraine signed the Association Agreement with the European Union, and on January 1, 2016, the rules of the free trade zone between Ukraine and the EU entered into force. This helps to accelerate the integration of Ukrainian economy into European one. On the other hand, the global economic downturn requires the introduction of innovations in the model of cooperation. The Chinese initiative “One belt is one way” is one of the variants of the innovation model of cooperation. Its significance is to unite the Asia-Pacific region with the EU in order to join the Eurasian Economic Union, create a new space and opportunities for development and achieve prosperity with the Eurasian countries. All this forms unprecedented opportunities for development of bilateral economic and trade relations. It seems that to fully open the potential of Ukrainian economy and expand bilateral trade and economic cooperation, it is necessary to take into account such proposals as the establishment of the Sino-Ukrainian industrial park, the promotion of cooperation in the field of electronic commerce, the formation of the Sino-Ukrainian free trade zone and enhanced interaction within multilateral mechanisms (for example, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the interaction of China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the 16 + 1 format).
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Lehmann, Kai. "Crisis?: What (Type) of Crisis? The overlapping problems of the European Union." Revista de Sociologia e Política 22, no. 50 (June 2014): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-987314225004.
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It is common today, even in the European media, to treat the current crisis of the European Union almost exclusively as an economic crisis. The present article pretends to show that such a focus is not only wrong but is indeed dangerous for the future development of the European Union as a whole. The article will argue that the present economic crisis simply aggravated – and a lot – a crisis of legitimacy through which the European Union has been passing for some time. Showing that the anti-European tendencies which are spreading throughout the countries of the continent threaten the very future of the European project, the article will make suggestion on reforms for the future development of the EU, alerting to the necessity to finally elaborate once again a coherent argument for the continuation of the European integration process which puts the European population at the heart of the political process instead of just austerity.
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Shiolashvili, Giorgi. "Foreign trade of Georgia in the context of the development of integration processes." RUDN Journal of Economics 28, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 367–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2020-28-2-367-384.
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The article researches the development of foreign trade in goods of Georgia in the context of the country's participation in international integration processes from the mid-1990s to the present. The evolution and features of Georgias participation in such integration organizations and projects as the Commonwealth of Independent States, GUAM, the Eastern Partnership of European Union, as well as interaction with the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union are examined. Based on a detailed analysis of the dynamics, commodity and geographical structure of Georgias foreign trade in goods in the long term period, the article substantiates the conclusion that the participation of Georgia in the Free Trade Agreements, as well as trade liberalization carried out in integration blocks, have practically no effect to change the exportimport flows of the country, and do not lead to an increase in foreign trade with the member countries of the integrations. The most significant factors that determine Georgias foreign trade and its trends are the country's geographical location and the level of the transport infrastructure development, the implementation of large-scale transport and logistics projects in the region, external financing provided to the country by international and regional organizations, foreign countries, on a credit and grant basis.
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Aubakir, Assima. "NEW EU STRATEGY FOR CENTRAL ASIA: HISTORY, VISION, PROSPECTS." Central Asia and The Caucasus 21, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37178/ca-c.20.4.01.
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Today, the Central Asian region is once again becoming a point of attraction for the interests of the international community—in geopolitical, as well as in trade and economic terms. The interests of major world powers intersect here, and each has its own approach to establishing relations with the regional countries. The European Union, which never considered this region a geopolitical priority, has been implementing its own Central Asia Strategy since 2007. In July 2017, the Council of the European Union decided to completely revise the Strategy based on new realities, as well as the ambitions and priorities of the regional states in their relations with the EU. A new strategy for relations between the European Union and Central Asia was adopted in June 2019. The revision of the strategy is slated to allow the EU to strengthen its cooperation with the Central Asian countries, highlight the most effective projects, and revise those aspects of interaction that did not bring the desired results. Currently, there is an intensification of intra-regional cooperation in Central Asia; there are positive trends in the development of dialog on important issues of the regional agenda. For this reason, the approaches and tools of European diplomacy in the implementation of its policy in Central Asia are expected to undergo significant adjustments as the Strategy is updated. The subject of this article is precisely this transit period in the relations between the European Union and Central Asia.
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Stepanovas, Artūras, and Karolina Ostašenkovaitė. "MULTICRITERIA EVALUATION OF THE INNOVATIVE PROJECT EFFECTIVENESS / INOVATYVIŲ PROJEKTŲ VERTINIMO PROBLEMA." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 5, no. 1 (April 5, 2013): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2013.02.
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For a long time in most developed Western countries, innovation has been the key driver of economic growth, enabling a high level of added value and ensuring economic development. According to 2011 Innovation Union Scoreboard indicators for assessment, Lithuania still lags far behind the European Union countries in innovation. In order to improve this indicator, it is important to encourage the development of innovative projects in the country. For this purpose, it is important to properly prepare innovative projects in multi-criteria evaluation model in case this reasonable use might reduce the risk of projects and help to find the least risky and most beneficial innovative projects. Article in Lithuanian. Santrauka Daugelyje išsivysčiusių Vakarų valstybių inovacijos jau seniai tapo svarbiausiu ekonomikos augimo varikliu, leidžiančiu pasiekti aukštą pridėtinę vertę ir užtikrinančiu ekonomikos plėtrą. Remiantis 2011 m. Inovacijų sąjungos švieslentės rodiklių vertinimu, Lietuva vis dar itin atsilieka nuo Europos Sąjungos šalių vidurkio inovacijų srityje. Lietuvai siekiant pagerinti šį rodiklį ir iki 2015 m. tapti Šiaurės Baltijos regiono paslaugų centru, o iki 2020 m. – Šiaurės Europos inovacijų centru, vienas iš uždavinių – kuo įmanoma labiau pakelti šalies modernizacijos bei inovacijų lygį. Tai įmanoma skatinant inovatyvių projektų plėtrą šalyje. Šiuo tikslu svarbu tinkamai parengti inovatyvių projektų daugiakriterio vertinimo modelį, kurio priimtinas taikymas išskirtų mažiausiai rizikingus ir daugiausia naudos teikiančius inovatyvius projektus.
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Beltrame, Aline, Naiara Posenato, and Walter Arévalo-Ramírez. "Editorial." Latin American Journal of European Studies 2, no. 2 (2022): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51799/2763-8685v2n2000.
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The Latin American Journal of European Studies (ISSN 2763-8685) is a publication of the Latin American Center of European Studies, created from the BRIDGE Project of Jean Monnet Network with funding from the Erasmus + Program of the European Commission. With a focus on the editorial lines on European Union Law and Policies and International Relations of the European Union with third countries and Latin America, the fourth edition of the Journal also has a thematic dossier on Dialogues on economic and sustainable development between the EU and third countries, organized alongside Walter Arévalo-Ramirez from Universidad del Rosario (Colombia). The fourth edition of the Journal is open for submissions until November 1st, 2022.
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WORNALKIEWICZ, Władysław, Alla KAPLUNOVSKA, and Olena PADCHENKO. "TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE AS A FACTOR OF THE EU COUNTRIES' ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2021-2-18.
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Introduction. The driving force behind the economic development of the regions and the countries-members of the European Union is modern transport infrastructure. For this reason, to draw up the level with the countries of Western Europe, there is funding for the countries of the former socialist bloc in the construction and modernization of road routes. The purpose of the article is studying the condition of road infrastructure in the EU and, in particular, Poland as a factor in the economic development of countries and regions. Results. The article analyzes the current development of road infrastructure in Europe and, in particular, Poland and the implementing investments for this purpose. The Regulations of the General Director for National Roads and Motorways as well as legal acts concerning this issue were analyzed. The prospects for the development of Polish road engineering till 2030 were indicated. The types of roundabouts on motorways built in the EU countries are presented. Scientific articles on the situation of EU countries in the field of road infrastructure have proven to be important sources of information. However, the most important source when it comes to road infrastructure in Poland turned out to be materials of General Directorate for National Roads and Highways, in which all national road programs are described. Conclusions. The authors justify that each year Poland is getting closer to the Western countries of EU on the level of road infrastructure development. The main reason for the increase in the level of road infrastructure in Poland is the projects of the General Directorate for National Roads and Highways, as well as the National Road Construction Program for the years 2014-2023 (with a perspective till 2030) and the National Road Traffic Management System for TEN-T networks, which will have a significant impact on economic growth and the comfort of movement of the society. Keywords: road infrastructure, economic development, Trans-European Transport Network, sustainable transport development strategy.
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Pishchik, V. Ya. "Institutional Mechanisms for Regulating External Imbalances in the European Economic and Monetary Union." Economics, taxes & law 11, no. 6 (December 26, 2018): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2018-11-6-131-142.
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The relevance of the research is driven by the need to reveal modern factors and specifics of structural financial imbalances typical for regional integrated associations by an example of the European Union and to assess new mechanisms for regulation of disparities and investment cooperation development in a region. The subject of the research is the factors, trends and consequences of the division of EU countries into creditors and debtors by parameters of external debt financing; structure and directions of cross-border financial flows; and net international investment position based on the analysis of statistics related to types, structure and scale of external imbalances in the euro area as well as to methods and institutional mechanisms for their regulation. The purposes of the research were to reveal the acuteness of external imbalances in the countries of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in the financial sphere as a factor of macroeconomic destabilization in the region and systematize measures for strengthening and development of various institutional mechanisms to level off the remaining structural imbalances and expand the channels of investment in the real economy as part of the project to create a sustainable renovated EMU in the period until 2025 It is concluded that new more developed forms of regional financial integration, including the creation of the Banking Union and the Union of Capital Markets, the European Monetary Fund and the European Fund for Strategic Investment, are strategically important as effective institutions for regulation of external financing imbalances and support of investment in the economic development.
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Alexoaei, Alina Petronela, and Raluca Georgiana Robu. "A theoretical review on the structural convergence issue and the relation to economic development in integration areas." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2018-0005.
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Abstract The aim of the paper is to provide a consistent literature review on the importance of structural convergence for the countries within the same economic area focusing on two main topics: the structural similarity problem of countries within an integration area and the evolution and development of the union itself (in line with Chenery and Singer’s approach). We aim to synthesize the most referential findings of the literature and project them on the most recent events in the European Union pointing out the relevance of structural convergence and of the continuation of the process under a reassessed form. The relevance of studying the structural convergence process lies in the medium and long term implications related to the synchronization of business cycles, long-run development patterns and of the dynamics of specialization. Moreover, the topic is of high interest both in the context of the future evolution of the European Union and in the decision making process of adopting the Euro in Romania’s case. On the side of theoretical papers, there is a rich literature on structural change that generally recommends that economic structures and the differences between them should be the starting point for analysis and development of theories of economic development. We believe that the preoccupations for this topic should be recalled in the context of the European events and new facets should be explored. Along with the views expressed in the European Commission White Paper, that the form will follow the function, we emphasize the importance of designing the proper institutions at European Union and Eurozone level, but also at national level with taking into consideration the goal of advancing towards structural convergence.
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Khalova, Gul'nar O., and Nikita I. Illeritskii. "EURASIA IN POST-CRISIS ECONOMY AND ENERGY." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Economics. Management. Law, no. 2 (2021): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6304-2021-2-126-134.
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The article considers some of the macroeconomic results of 2020 for the global economy and individual regions and countries of the world. The authors identify a number of distinctive features of the global economic crisis of 2020 and its impact on the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators in individual regions and countries of the world (the Eurasian Economic Union, the European Union, and China). It is noted that during the crisis, negative trends in the world economy and politics became more acute and fundamental contradictions between the main participants in the world economy became tougher. At the same time, a high level of mutual dependence of the economies of the EU, EAEU, China and other Eurasian states was noted. Despite the crisis conditions and unfavorable political rhetoric, economic interests and the implementation of all – Eurasian projects can become a unifying factor for overcoming the crisis and forming new development models based on rational policies and the common benefit of the states of the Eurasian space.
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Slušná, Ľubica Kotorová, Miroslav Balog, Vladimír Baláž, Edita Nemcová, Richard Filčák, Tomáš Jeck, and Martina Antošová. "Rise of Biobanking in the EU: Evidence from the Framework Programmes." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (November 1, 2021): 1304–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.121.
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he topic of biobanking has been anchoring in the world and Europe as well. The biobanking field today is characterised by heterogeneous entities that could be classified according to many different categories. This article aims to outline the process of the gradual embedding of the field of biobanking in the European Union (EU) from the point of view of the number of high-quality international research projects related to biobanking or biobanks as such. To identify these research projects, data from the European Commission's (EC's) database on research and innovation projects financed from Framework Programmes (FPs) of the European Union and the Horizon programme were used. It was found that the number of research and innovation projects in which biobanks played an important role more than doubled between 1994 and 2021. The highest increase in the number of biobank-related research and innovation projects occurred between 2002 – 2006 and 2007 – 2013. Several leading countries, in terms of the number of biobank related research projects, emerged during the whole period. The main actors were all countries of western Europe, characterised mostly by above-average performance in indicators such as GDP per capita, Human Development Index (HDI) or Euro Health Consumer Index (EHCI).
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Chetverikova, A. "Central Europe in the Pandemic Era: First Economic Results." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 3 (2021): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-3-92-101.
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The article analyzes the response of the Visegrad Group countries to the 2020 pandemic. Measures are outlined that were taken by Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to support their economies, including efforts to stabilize labour markets and measures for several most affected sectors. The author assesses the main economic indicators of the Visegrad countries during the first half of 2020 in the light of the consequences of imposed restrictive measures. The reaction of the Visegrad economies to the pandemic correlates with the pan-European reaction. Special attention is paid to the condition of the foreign trade sector of the “four” members, which plays an important role in their economies. The dynamic of foreign trade relations of Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic with the European Union and Russia during the pandemic is analyzed. Mutual trade flows within the Visegrad Group are evaluated in the light of opportunities to compensate downturns in other markets. Possible prospects for the development of the Visegrad Group after the pandemic are considered. The existing forecasts of the Group’s countries development are analyzed. The factors influencing the recovery process in the Visegrad countries are given. The consequences of COVID 19 will affect many sectors of Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, which will not be able to cope with them without the EU support. Realization of opportunities including the emergence of more innovative elements in their economies that meet the challenges of the 21st century, will also depend on the members of the Visegrad Group themselves. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared within the project “Post-crisis world order: challenges and technologies, competition and cooperation” supported by the grant from Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation program for research projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (Agreement № 075-15-2020-783).
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Tarpani, Elena, Cristina Piselli, Claudia Fabiani, Ilaria Pigliautile, Eelke J. Kingma, Benedetta Pioppi, and Anna Laura Pisello. "Energy Communities Implementation in the European Union: Case Studies from Pioneer and Laggard Countries." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 1, 2022): 12528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912528.
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Energy communities are a promising strategy for a global energy transition. European Union (EU) regulatory frameworks are already established and clearly explained, aiming to develop as many projects as possible in the different European countries. Accordingly, it is necessary to present two different types of countries: the laggards and the pioneers, two categories that highlight the discrepancies in policy, bureaucracy, culture, and usage of alternative sources and technologies, such as renewable energy, towards the implementation of energy communities. This work compares two representative case studies to qualitatively understand the differences between laggard and pioneer countries: Italy and the Netherlands, respectively. The regulatory framework and the solid points/shortcomings of each country are explained first. Thereafter, an accurate description of the two selected case study communities and their different peculiarities is provided. Finally, the main similarities and differences are stressed to discuss the lessons to be learned in laggard and pioneer countries. Five pillars for the development and uptake of energy communities are identified related to regulations, economic benefits, technical limitations, sustainability, and social awareness. These outcomes suggest the importance of policy management, and stress the limitations of governance in helping policymakers and experts to support the energy transition.
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Hamzaoui, Djaouida. "European Neighborhood Policy." Contemporary Arab Affairs 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2020.13.1.105.
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In 2004, the European Union proposed a project entitled the European Neighborhood Policy as a new strategic option. The project had been adopted by the European Council one year earlier in a proposal to the concerned states. The European Neighborhood Policy proposes the development of the scope of cooperation between the European Union and the southwestern Mediterranean countries through several political, economic, social, and cultural fields. Yet, the sphere of security is set at the top of its priorities. It is based on the principles of human rights, democracy, and the rule of law, as well as on establishing security and stability between the countries on the two shores of the Mediterranean neighboring Europe. This would be based on a common framework and a larger volume of mutual cooperation that is embodied in a genuine partnership that would confront common challenges. The study explores and provides an answer to the following question: To what extent can the European Neighborhood Policy be considered a representation of regionalism and the embodiment of a genuine European desire through which it would be able to build a “security group” in the Mediterranean basin?
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Lemko, Yu. "European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation as the instrument of cross border cooperation." National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, no. 1(49) (June 8, 2021): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2021.1(49).232981.
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The article considers one of the most common and most effective forms of cross-border cooperation between the countries of the European Union, namely the European groupings of territorial cooperation. The role of territorial cooperation in the European Union is constantly growing as it is the basis of political, economic and social cohesion, which is an integral part of Ukrainian society. The development of territorial cooperation is due to the change and development of national, regional or local participants in this process. The Schengen Agreement, the common internal market and the common currency, as well as the emergence of numerous new cross-border projects and the development of cross-border territories, are integral parts of this process. The article examines the EGTC Tisza, which was established in October 2015 in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine together with the Hungarian region of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg and the municipality of Kisvárd. It is noted that the union has received broad social and political support from both sides at the regional and local levels. This event was decisive for both Ukraine and the EU, as for the first time such an association was created with the participation of a non-EU country. This was a long-awaited step, as the participating regions have long been cooperating together in various fields, including the implementation of grant projects. Many issues need to be addressed together, including flood protection, the rehabilitation of wastewater treatment plants, transport and the development of economic ties. We can say that today Euroregions are the most developed form of cross-border cooperation in Ukraine, but their activities also show a range of problems that hinder their effective functioning. This includes a large number of participants with different cultural and economic characteristics, disparities in the legislation and administration of the country, the low level of business structures and non-governmental organizations. Issues such as the lack of a systematic approach to the organization of Euroregional cooperation, the low level of regional government and the lack of financial support are also worth mentioning.
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Kraushaar, Maren. "The European Union a stepping stone to further integration or rather a Eurocentric fortress?" Politikon: The IAPSS Journal of Political Science 12 (June 30, 2006): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22151/politikon.12.5.
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The European Union a stepping stone to further integration or rather a Eurocentric fortress? Still with the memory of the destructive national power of the Second World War, the main initiators of the European integration stirred this project with the objective of preventing further conflicts through economic integration. Closer economic ties, spilling over to more countries and more policy areas lead to the development of an ever closer union which has become a powerful actor in international affairs. This essay will explore the question to what extent the European Union can be characterized as Eurocentric regionalism, rather focused on internal integration and enforcing outside borders than on global understanding. In order to shed light on this question several policy areas will be analysed, such as the European aid and trade policy, as well as the agricultural policy as these are areas where the European Union is directly confronted with external politics and international interests.
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Tantau, Adrian, and Ana-Maria Iulia Şanta. "New Energy Policy Directions in the European Union Developing the Concept of Smart Cities." Smart Cities 4, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010015.
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In the context of the European Union promoting clean energy, sustainability and better living conditions for its citizens, the development of smarts cities is an initiative supported at the European Union level, in line with the new energy policies of the European Union promoted by the package “Clean Energy for All Europeans”. The concept of smart cities gains increasing importance in the European Union, a fact that is reflected in the project “European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities” of the European Commission. Smart cities are a practical example of how the new energy policies shape the lives of the European Union citizens, trying to improve it. As a consequence, new business models arise in big cities, involving the use of technology for better living conditions. These new, technology-based business models are important, as they improve the life quality of the inhabitants, they reduce the climate change impact, and they contribute as well to job creation in the IT-industry, promoting innovation. They have as well a social impact, as they bring experts from energy policies, business, economics, legal and IT together in order to project a new type of city—the smart city. The research hypothesis of the present article is that there is a high acceptance towards the concept of smart cities at the European Union level and that this concept could be implemented with the help of information technology and of artificial intelligence. This way, legal provisions, economic measures and IT-tools work together in order to create synergy effects for better life quality of the citizens of the European Union. The research hypothesis is analyzed by means of the questionnaire as a qualitative research method and is as well assessed by using case studies (e.g., Austria, Finland, Romania). The novelty of the case studies is that the development of smart cities is analyzed due to the new trend towards sustainability in two countries with different living conditions in the European Union.
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Farsakh, Leila. "Undermining Democracy in Palestine: The Politics of International Aid since Oslo." Journal of Palestine Studies 45, no. 4 (2016): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2016.45.4.48.
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After the Oslo peace process got underway in the early 1990s, international donors allocated billions of dollars in aid to the occupied Palestinian territories to kick-start the process of economic development deemed necessary to state building. This article argues that although much of the money was directed at democracy enhancement and civic engagement projects, contrary to stated intentions, it actually undermined rather than promoted those outcomes. Donor countries, led by the United States and the European Union, designed and implemented programs with complete disregard for the reality underlying the Palestinian predicament—the almost 50 years of military occupation and the broader context of Israel's settler-colonial project. Besides their entrenchment of a neoliberal agenda, such projects have contributed to the ongoing fracturing of Palestinian politics and the growing authoritarianism of the Ramallah government, leaving the Palestinian economy less viable and more dependent on Israel than ever.
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Popova, Nataliia. "Contemporary Crisis Trends in European Union’s Development and Their Influence on Ukraine – EU Relations." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 33-34 (August 25, 2017): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2016.33-34.151-160.
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The European Union is currently facing multiple crises and challenges, the future shape and character of the Union are being increasingly questioned. The processes occurring in the EU have direct impact on its external relations with other countries. The aim of the article is to analyse the contemporary peculiarities and problems of European Union's development and its impact on further relations between Ukraine and the EU. It argues that the crises management has become a new daily reality for Europe since 2009. Further, the article briefly examines the most significant crisis trends in the EU: economic problems, migration crisis, Euroscepticism, security challenges, Brexit. The latter is considered from two perspectives: as the first step to EU's disintegration and as the chance to rethink the European project. Economic problems as Euro crisis, debt crisis, unemployment are discussed and the main measures for their solving are outlined. The origins, scale and consequences of migration crisis for the EU are determined in the article. The next analyzed problem is the rise of Euroscepticism in the EU, the most influential eurosceptic parties in different EU-countries are named. Key security challenges for the EU with the emphasis on the Russian aggression in eastern Ukraine are examined at the end of the article. As the result of analysis it is concluded that the contemporary problems of the EU have mainly negative impact on the development of the Ukraine-EU relations and its future strongly depends on that, how and when the European Union will overcome all effects of recent crises.
Keywords: European Union (EU), Ukraine, migration crisis, Euroscepticism, Brexit, Russian-Ukrainian conflict
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Lopez Trigal, Lorenzo. "Le Portugal en Espagne : migration et société." Sud-Ouest européen 18, no. 1 (2004): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rgpso.2004.2867.
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Portugal in Spain : migration and society. This paper is about the presence of Portugal and Portuguese in Spain, through the process of union and disunion that marked the history of Spain and Portugal. It then moves on to the process of European integration giving a new vision of Iberia, and challenging the old resentments and the difficulties to communicate which traditionally represent the relations between the two countries. The Portuguese community in Spain is the oldest and the first economic immigration and shows a state of advanced integration into the Spanish society. At the same time, the Portuguese economic and social presence tends to assert itself at the level of institutions, education, culture, economics, tourism, business and finance... The developing cross-border cooperation and common projects help to the re-composition of the Iberian space.
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Rodionova, Elena, Zhanna Kuzminykh, and Ekaterina Gamova. "Assessing the Role of the Framework Programmes for Research and Innovation ‘Horizon 2020’ and ‘Horizon Europe’ in Sustainable Development of the European Union." E3S Web of Conferences 208 (2020): 08025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020808025.
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The authors present the results of their research into the European Union’s innovation policy and the framework programmes for research and innovation as a key tool for ensuring sustainable development in Europe. The study has found that the EU innovation policy has a strong focus on achieving the goals of the economic, social and environmentaldimensions of the sustainable development agenda. Besides, attaining certain innovation indicators itself is a target of sustainable development. The current Horizon 2020Programme and the future Horizon Europe Programme are clearly aligned with the EU’s sustainable development strategic documents. As one of the leaders in the practical implementation of this concept, the European Union is setting standards and directions for further action for other countries and regions while remaining open to cooperative research and projects.
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Nazarko, Łukasz, Eigirdas Žemaitis, Łukasz Krzysztof Wróblewski, Karel Šuhajda, and Magdalena Zajączkowska. "The Impact of Energy Development of the European Union Euro Area Countries on CO2 Emissions Level." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041425.
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In the last years, the fact of anthropogenic impact on climate change taking place in the world has become indisputable. Both countries and international organizations have taken steps to reduce GHG emissions, move to a low-carbon economy and implement solutions that reduce human impact on the environment. The EU, by intensifying its activities, has also prepared a strategy known as the European Green Deal. In implementing the EGD, it is important to analyze the impact of energy development in energy-intensive sectors of the economy (industry, transport, agriculture, services and other cores) on atmospheric pollution. Energy development is understood as the energy consumption percentage from all its consumption. In the article, complex correlation–regression analysis was implemented, which included not only energy development impact on the CO2 emissions level (i.e., production-based CO2 efficiency), but also its impact on economic growth. The research was conducted for the EU euro area countries. It was determined that the strongest positive correlation is to be found in the transport sector, which implies that with an increase in energy consumption in that sector, production-based CO2 efficiency is increasing. On the other hand, this increment in efficiency was relatively small and was achieved with the rapid growth of the energy consumption. The implemented research confirmed that the transportation sector is the one which is polluting the atmosphere the most with CO2 emissions in the Eurozone. The results of the implemented research could be used for the formation of targeted measures for the green growth strategy implementation, and also for ECB and EIB to support “green” projects.
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Chugunov, D. K., and R. A. Kasyanov. "The latest trends of the European regulation of hydrogen energy in the context of ensuring Russian interests." Law Enforcement Review 6, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2022.6(1).150-161.
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The subject of research is the dynamic change in the regulatory and legal framework of the EU and its Member States in the field of energy, in particular, concerning the regulation of hydrogen projects.The purpose of the study is to propose a response from the Russian side to the measures taken by Europe.Methodology. The research methods include both theoretical (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy) and special legal methods of cognition (formal legal and comparative legal).The main results and the scope of the study. The European Union initiated a comprehensive development of the energy sector within the framework of the European Green Deal: the emphasis on certain sectors is no longer placed. At the same time, there is a growing interest in hydrogen projects, which are facing the problem of absence of large-scale regulation and the difficulty of resolving financing issues. In contrast to neighboring countries, the German experience in hydrogen regulation has proved to be successful and closest to Russian interests. New energy (primarily hydrogen) markets in the EU are awaiting supranational regulation. Germany’s technical readiness has allowed it to quickly form the rules of the game in the emerging hydrogen network market, which should suit the Russian side in terms of tariffs and access. The EU is effectively adopting new documents and acts aimed at greater integration of various energy sectors within the Union and “discarding” traditional energy and its actors. The rapid development of the law reduces the chances of successful implementation of projects with the participation of non-EU member states.Conclusions. In the near future, in particular, on the eve of the emergence of hydrogen regulation at the EU level, Russia should reconsider the approaches to organizing the national energy policy and pay more attention to integration development. The opposite will entail economic losses and deprive the Russian side of competitive advantages and leverage. The study of the material can affect the improvement of energy legislation and business processes with the participation of third countries (for example, Russia), as well as their companies, interacting with the EU: for example, “Gazprom” Group is already considering various options for realizing hydrogen projects in Europe. Moreover, the EU experience can be useful for unlocking the energy potential of the Eurasian Economic Union. Separately, countries should consider the quantitative criterion and the phenomenon of 27 EU “heads” (by the number of member states), comprehensively improving energy orders at various levels, despite sometimes arising internal contradictions.
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Żurawski vel Grajewski, Przemysław. "Twelve EU Countries on the Eastern Flank of NATO: What about Ukraine?" East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 8, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 49–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/ewjus514.
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The Trimarium Initiative (TI) is a platform for co-operation of twelve central and eastern European (CEE) countries of the eastern flank of the European Union (EU), introduced by Poland and Croatia in 2015. The TI is based on member co-operation in the development of transport and communication, energy, raw materials (gas and oil) transfer infrastructure, and digitization. The region is an important and rapidly growing market, and the TI goal is to boost economic co-operation among these twelve countries. Ukraine is not an EU member state, so it cannot be a full member of the TI; however, several TI infrastructural projects are open to Ukrainian companies. As Russia’s aggressive energy policy impacts Poland, Ukraine, the Baltic states, Scandinavia, and Slovakia, the TI has a potential to meet this challenge. Transport and communication and energy transit infrastructure are promising areas of co-operation among TI countries and Ukraine. U.S. support has added optimism and prestige to the initiative.
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Popovici, Angela. "Cross-border cooperation - a tool for capitalizing and promoting culture and historical heritage." Administrarea Publica, no. 1(113) (March 2022): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52327/1813-8489.2022.1(113).01.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze cross-border cooperation as one of the important multifunctional tools aimed at developing good neighborly relations with states on the borders of the European Union, as well as supporting economic and social development and promoting European values in partner countries in the context of EU enlargement. The long-term objectives of cross-border cooperation projects aim at: creating more bilateral benefits; improving the physical and economic infrastructure; human resources development of the region; deepening cultural and educational ties; preparing for EU membership; environmental protection etc. Cross-border cooperation is favored by cultural heritage, ethno-linguistic heritage, historical heritage or the presence of national minorities. The Romanian community in Ukraine or the Ukrainian community in Romania, the common ethno-linguistic heritage of the population of Romania and the Republic of Moldova are favorable elements in the process of cross-border cooperation.
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Chetverikov, A. O. "From the European Health Community to the European Health Union: The Project of the Supranational Health and Research Organization of the European Countries and its Historical Destiny." Lex Russica, no. 6 (July 5, 2021): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.175.6.138-153.
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The paper examines the little-known pages of the legal regulation of international integration in Europe: the project of the creation in the middle of the 20th century of the European Health Community (EHC) and its relationship to the current project for the establishment of the European Health Union. The introduction examines the reasons for the ineffective response of the modern European Union (EU) to the global coronavirus pandemic, mainly due to the lack of European institutions, in contrast to the economy and a number of other spheres of public life, supranational powers in the field of health.The first section analyzes the main provisions of the draft EHC presented by the French Government in 1952 and became the subject of an international "preparatory conference" with the participation of 16 European countries at the end of the same year. The author gives special attention to the legal consolidation in the EHC draft founding treaty of "sanitary activities" (prevention and counteraction of various types of diseases); "cultural provisions" dedicated to the collection of information, the development of scientific research and education in the field of health; provisions on the creation of a common therapeutic and research infrastructure of the EHC; the political and legal nature of the EHC as a supranational organization with restrictions in its favor of the sovereign rights of the participating states.The second section describes and evaluates the domestic, foreign, and economic factors that prevented the creation of the EHC.The final section examines the impact of the EHC on the law-making and law-enforcement activities of the modern EU, and compares the legal model of the EHC with the model of the European Health Union, which was established in the end of 2020. There are also proposals for using the experience of European integration in the field of healthcare for the development of integration processes in a similar field between Russia and other former Soviet republics, including the creation of common medical and research centers under the auspices of the Union State of Russia and Belarus and (or) the Eurasian Economic Union, equipped with mega-science facilities (synchrotrons, etc.), other advanced infrastructure of scientific theoretical and scientific applied nature.
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Novikov, V. G., N. V. Novichkov, and E. A. Gridasova. "World and domestic practice of integrated development of rural areas: perspectives of the territorial approach." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 1 (January 25, 2023): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2301-04.
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Relevance and novelty of the work. The article discusses approaches to supporting rural areas in the countries of the European Union, provides examples of areas for supporting rural areas in different periods. An overview of the objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy in the European Union from the 1950s to the present is presented. Researchers note unsatisfactory living conditions in rural areas of Russia, a large territorial differentiation of the quality of life. The authors reveal the main mechanisms of the integrated development of rural areas in the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of the modern socioeconomic situation of rural areas in Russia and foreign practice, they consider the potential opportunities for rural development in the future and the feasibility of diversifying the rural economy for the sustainable development of rural areas in Russia; give proposals for urgent actions that contribute to the formation of an active position of the population in rural development and the massive involvement of the rural community in activities aimed at the integrated development of rural areas. Objective. Based on the analysis of the agricultural policy of the European Union and the current socio-economic situation of rural areas in Russia, develop proposals for involving the rural community in the development of initiative projects within the framework of the Departmental target program "Modern appearance of rural areas" and for their implementation. Propose topical directions for diversification of the rural economy as a mechanism for an integrated approach to the development of rural areas. Materials and research methods. The materials of our own research, regulatory documents, scientifi c publications, the Internet were used. In the course of the study, general scientific methods were used: monographic, analysis, comparison. Research results. Proposed and substantiated activities aimed at attracting the rural community to the implementation of initiative projects within the framework of the Departmental target program "Modern appearance of rural areas", on the development of new types of economic activities for the socio-economic development of rural areas, preserving the rural population, improving their quality of life and intensifi cation of the process of counter-urbanization.
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Chernyavskiy, S. "Eurasian Economic Union – Realities of the Current Situation." Journal of International Analytics, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2017-0-1-7-13.
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Eurasian integration is Russia’s most important foreign policy project. In the face of economic sanctions, it faces additional difficulties. A very painful problem is overcoming the tendency to reduce mutual trade, since the reserves for the growth of mutual trade associated with the removal of administrative barriers have been exhausted, and the range of goods remains virtually unchanged. The development of trade within the EEU is hampered by a drop in world prices on commodity markets, which has led to a decrease in solvency within the Union. To overcome this negative trend can only be through a significant diversification of commodity exchange. Despite the abolition of customs borders between the members of the union, it was not possible to eliminate all exemptions and restrictions at the previous stages of the development of the EEU.The sanctions regime introduced by the European Union and Russia’s response measures created additional problems in the development of the internal market of the EEU. One of the obstacles to Eurasian integration is the lack of activity of mutual investment activities. The goals set by the Eurasian integration should be clear, concrete, and, most importantly, achievable, and the results - tangible not only for governments and business circles, but also for the population of the countries concerned.