Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Economic development – Portugal – 20th century'
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Friman, Eva. "No limits : the 20th century discourse of economic growth." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Historiska studier, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61315.
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The breakthrough of the concept of economic growth in economics marks a paradigm shift in thinking about the economy and its place in 'reality.' This thesis analyzes the 20th century discourse of economic growth, focusing its unlimited connotations. The thesis consists of four case studies, two introductory parts and a concluding discussion. Part II first gives an etymological outline of how the concept 'growth' transformed: from signifying natural processes, to become crucial within economics. The main focus is on the historiography around Adam Smith and the classical economists as 'fathers of growth.' It is argued that though Smith introduced new ideas on economic prosperity, it is anachronistic to view him as 'father of growth' in terms of modern economic discourse. The difference between conception of economic progress in classical economics - with a 'stationary state' - and the post-war concept of economic growth - without absolute limits - is interpreted by sketching four periods in economics regarding the issue of limits. Finally the label 'dismal,' often used for classical economics, is reinterpreted. The neoclassical 'Self and classical 'Other' is seen as a useful construction for legitimizing the growth discourse. Part III deals with economic thought at the turn of the century 1900. There were different ideas on what relative priority to address to individuals and communities as the basis of economy, as well as disagreements over how to organize economic policy to solve the 'social issue.' However, these differences did not result in different views on economic expansion per se. Neither to left- nor right-wing advocates was economic expansion an objective. Rather, economic expansion was a means to construct and manage a welfare state, and thus solve the social issue. If welfare could be distributed by expanding the total, there would be no sacrifices. The way economic growth was perceived in the early development discourse is studied in Part IV. The idea of unlimited growth is framed within a Western understanding of development and progress, and it is shown that hegemony on economic growth formed. Development economics made use of new and fashionable growth models, and thereby gained influence in policy. Development was reduced to economic development, which was reduced to economic growth. With a few modifications, this version of development and progress was to be implemented globally - 'no limits' became a master narrative. Part V analyzes the debate on economic growth in the 1960s and 70s. The environmental issue gave rise to thoughts on ecological limits, and thus had a key role in designating economic growth and growth ideology as a scapegoat within a longer tradition of civilization critique. As a response, professional economists put up a united defense for growth, and a polarized debate followed. Different basic assumptions underlying the polarized positions are analyzed, and the concept modernist economic ethos is introduced to explain the polarization at a fundamental level. In the dominant discourse, critics were called pessimists, and advocates were optimists. It is argued that these value-laden labels reveal the power of language and point at a trap of discourse. Economic growth and ecological sustainable development is analyzed in Part VI, and the focus is on crisis responsive economists. Two different conceptions of the economic system are found among these. The first is the economy as free-floating, which by technical inventions is minimally restricted by ecological boundaries. The second is the economy as a dependent subsystem restricted by fundamental ecological limits. Conception of the system is conclusive for understanding economic growth and its environmental effects. The free-floating approach allows the concept of 'sustainable growth,' while the subsystem approach makes it contradictory. Part VI includes a continued discussion on the power of language, and the dichotomy of pessimism and optimism. 'Optimism' is a eulogy, and works normatively. The pessimist label has functioned, at best, as a 'discourse trap;' at worst, as a means of exclusion. In Part VII results from the case studies are summarized, and general results with implications are presented. The post-war discourse on economic growth is connected to 'ecomodernism.' Three explanations for the introduction and strong appeal of the discourse of unlimited economic growth are introduced: the internal cause (economic theory), the external cause (context), and the professionalization cause (connecting the internal and external). The thesis ends in a discussion on growth, language and power in the context of modernism and progress.digitalisering@umu
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Beltrán, Tapia Francisco J. "Common lands and economic development in 19th and early 20th century Spain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4215d6d1-e979-4ac5-b023-b49a4a01d9a0.
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This dissertation contributes to the long-standing debate between those who argue that the enclosure of the commons was as a precondition to foster economic growth and those who defend common property regimes can be efficient and sustainable. Exploiting historical evidence from 19th century and early 20th century Spain, this research shows that the persistence of the commons in some Spanish regions was not detrimental to economic development, at least relative to the institutional arrangements they were replaced with. On the contrary, during the early stages of modern economic growth, the communal regime not only did not limit agricultural productivity growth, but indeed constituted a crucial part of the functioning of the rural economics in a number of ways. On the one hand, these collective resources complemented rural incomes and, subsequently, sustained households' consumption capacity. The reduction in life expectancy and heights in the provinces where privatisation was more intense, as well as the negative effect on literacy levels, strongly supports that the privatisation of the commons deteriorated the living standards of a relatively large part of the population. On the other hand, the communal regime also significantly contributed to financing the municipal budget. Deprived from this important source of revenue, local councils became unable to adequately fund local public goods and ended up increasing local taxes. Lastly, the social networks developed around the use and management of these collective resources facilitated the diffusion of information and the building of mutual knowledge and trust, thus constituting a vital ingredient of the social glue that hold these rural communities together. All things considered, the persistence of the commons in some regions provided peasants with cooperation mechanisms different from the market and made the transition to modern economic growth more socially sustainable.
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Semrad, Alexandra [Verfasser], and Davide [Akademischer Betreuer] Cantoni. "Education, immmigration, and economic development : evidence from 19th and 20th century Bavaria / Alexandra Semrad. Betreuer: Davide Cantoni." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080122230/34.
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Watkins, Kevin. "India : colonialism, nationalism and perceptions of development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670394.
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Papadia, Andrea. "Government action under constraints : fiscal development, fiscal policy and public goods provision during the Great Depression and in 19th and early 20th century Brazil." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3683/.
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This dissertation is composed by three papers whose unifying themes are the origin and impact of fiscal institutions. The main contribution of this paper is twofold. First, it highlights the usefulness of the concept of fiscal capacity for the macroeconomics and international finance literatures by demonstrating its impact on sovereign default and fiscal dynamics during the Great Depression. Limits to the ability to tax have clear implications for macro-financial research, but are neglected by much of the literature. Second, my work contributes to the fiscal and state capacity literature by focusing on municipal level fiscal institutions in Brazil. Although research in this field is burgeoning, our understanding of the origin and impact of fiscal institutions in many parts of the world, including Latin America, is still very limited, particularly at the sub-national level. In terms of structure, the dissertation is a backwards journey from the impact of fiscal institutions to their origin. The first paper studies one of the ultimate outcomes of fiscal dynamics – sovereign default – by analyzing the debt crisis of the 1930s. The second paper takes the collapse in public revenues during the Great Depression as a starting point and demonstrates that fiscal institutions were a fundamental factor in the dynamics of fiscal aggregates. By shifting the focus to a single country and a different time period – the second half of the 19th and the early 20th centuries – the third paper demonstrates that slavery was deeply detrimental to the development of local governments’ ability to tax and provide fundamental growth and welfare-enhancing public goods in Brazil.
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Thompson, Christine Audra. ""Constructive critic" or "donor agency": does the World Bank have a role to play in sub-Saharan Africa's development beyond that of providing economic aid?" Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003045.
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This thesis attempts to evaluate the role of the World Bank in Sub-Saharan Africa's development. It argues that the World Bank has stepped beyond the boundaries of a typical lending institution by linking its aid to political reform. The study argues that in this capacity the Bank has contributed to the halting democratization process currently underway in Africa. The economic effects of the World Bank's Structural Adjustment Programmes have been less successful. As yet, the programmes have not produced the expected results and there is no evidence of long-term, sustainable economic recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa. These programmes are, however, long-term strategies and it may therefore be too premature to reach a final conclusion. They may also have been affected negatively by unfavourable political environments. This study, noting the negative effects of the international terms of trade and prices for African exports, concludes that although economic recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa will be facilitated by domestic political and economic policy reform, there is also a need for reform of the international economic order. The World Bank has correctly identified the need for domestic improvement, but it has a tendency to disregard the negative consequences of the existing structure of the international economy.
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Fernandes, Tânia Alexandra Anica. "The ways behind the railways: Algarve's railway line. Technique transfers and transport development in Southern Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18711.
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Esta dissertação pretende contribuir para um melhor conhecimento da complexidade das
redes de transferência de conhecimentos e técnicas, no domínio da engenharia civil e
mais concretamente através dos caminhos-de-ferro, nos séculos XIX e XX.
Em Portugal, os caminhos-de-ferro estiveram no cerne de um vasto debate, sobretudo
político, concomitante com uma instabilidade crescente no cenário político e uma
fase de fragilidade económica.
É neste contexto que a Linha do Sul e Sueste vai ser construída (seguida pela sua
extensão até Vila Real de Santo António e pela construção do ramal de Portimão, que
chegará a Lagos).
Este empreendimento é uma clara ilustração da realidade portuguesa de então, no que
concerne ao desenvolvimento desta rede de transportes, que nos permite, igualmente,
conhecer e compreender quem interveio no processo de construção da linha (os
engenheiros, as empresas, entre outros aspectos) e assim determinar quais as
influências e transferências técnicas que tiveram lugar; RESUMEE: Cette mémoire attire à la contribution pour une meilleure connaissance de la complexité
des réseaux de transfert de techniques et connaissances qui ont eu lieu dans le
domaine de l’ingénierie civile, surtout dans les chemins de fer, au XIXème et
XXème siècles.
Au Portugal, les chemins de fer sont été le cerne d’un très vaste débat, coïncidant avec
une croissante instabilité dans le scenario politique et aussi une phase économique
fragile. C’est dans ce contexte que la Ligne du Sud et Sud-est va être bâti (suivi par
l’extension jusqu’à Vila Real de Santo António et la construction de
l’embranchement ferroviaire Portimão).
Cette entreprise c’est une illustration claire de la réalité portugaise, en concernant
l’implémentation de cette réseau de transport, que nous permettre de comprendre et
également bien connaitre qui a intervenu dans le processus de construction de la
ligne (les ingénieurs, entreprises, etcetera), ainsi que déterminer les influences et les
transferts techniques qui ont eu lieu; ABSTRACT: With this master’s thesis, the aim is to be able to contribute to a better understanding of
the complex network of technique’s and knowledge transfers, that took place within
the field of civil engineering, in the 19th and 20th centuries, namely on the railways.
In Portugal, railways take-up was a wide and ample debate, coinciding with an uprising
turmoil on the Portuguese political outskirt and a phase of economic frailty. It’s in
this context that the construction of the South and Southeast Line took place
(followed, later on, by its extension until Vila Real de Santo António and by the
construction of the Portimão’s branch).
This enterprise is, as we pretend to prove in this master’s thesis, a clear example of the
Portuguese reality, enabling us to understand and to get to know those who
intervened in the construction’s process (the engineers and the companies) as well as
determining influences and technique transfers that have taken place.
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Marktanner, Marcus. "A Comparison of Economic Development in Latin America, Middle Eastern Europe and Asia in the 1990s." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2181/.
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The 1990s were characterized by severe turbulence in the global economy. Economic and financial crises occurred in Latin America, Middle and Eastern Europe and Asia. This analysis distinguishes between the two socioeconomic criteria "transitional" and "emerging" region. Transitional countries are former centrally planned socialist economies and emerging countries former agricultural-oriented classical developing economies with mostly a history of military or some other kind of autocratic dictatorship. The resources for the analysis are data sets regarding investment, exchange rate behavior, government finance, international liabilities of monetary authorities and inflation. The study reveals macroeconomic patterns associated with economic development in each socioeconomic region. It is shown that similar patterns are responsible for successful and non-successful performance in each region. A comparison of different regions shows many parallels between emerging economies, but only little similarity between transitional economies.
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Benkenstein, Alex. "The Global Political Economy of Mining in Selected African States." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1934.
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Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies)()--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.Many African countries present the observer with a paradox: though richly endowed with mineral wealth, these countries are among the least-developed in the world. Mineral resources have historically been an important source of revenue for the state and one finds great diversity in the strategies that states have employed to access this wealth. These strategies range from direct participation in mining activity by means of state-owned companies to more indirect methods such as taxes levied on mining activity, with approaches varying not only among states, but also over time as historically certain strategies with regard to state involvement in mining have come to predominate. This study develops a typology of public/private sector configurations in the mining sector. The typology consists of three models, a direct participation, market-led and sustainability model. This typology serves as an analytical tool to investigate the impact of mining codes on sustainable development. The study concludes that in many cases the investment-oriented mining code reform undertaken by African states in the 1980s and 1990s has had a negative impact through the social and environmental costs associated with mining. Increasing recognition of these costs has resulted in the emergence of a sustainability model.
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Khomo, Melvin Muzi. "The yield curve as a forecasting tool : does the yield spread predict recessions in South Africa?" Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004722.
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This paper examines the ability of the yield curve to predict recessions in South Africa, and compares its predictive power with other commonly used variables that include the growth rate in real money supply, changes in stock prices and the index of leading economic indicators. The study also makes an attempt to find out if monetary policy explains the yield spread's predictive power with regards to future economic activity. Regarding methodology, the standard probit model proposed by Estrella and Mishkin (1996) that directly estimates the probability of the economy going into recession is used. Results from this model are compared with a modified probit model suggested by Dueker (1997) that includes a lagged dependent variable. Results presented in the paper provide further evidence that the yield curve, as represented by the yield spread between 3-month and IO-year government paper, can be used to estimate the likelihood of recessions in South Africa. The yield spread can produce recession forecasts up to 18 months, although it's best predictive power is seen at two quarters. Results from the standard probit model and the modified pro bit model with a lagged dependent variable are somewhat similar, although the latter model improves forecasts at shorter horizons up to 3 months. Compared with other indicators, real M3 growth is a noisy indicator and does not provide much information about future recessions, whilst movements in the All-Share index can provide information for up to 12 months but does not do better than the yield curve. The index of leading economic indicators outperforms the yield spread in the short run up to 4 months but the spread performs better at longer horizons. Based on the results from the study, it appears that changes in monetary policy explain the yield spread's predictive power. This is because the yield spread loses its explanatory power when combined with a variable representing the monetary policy stance of the central bank.
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Silva, Fernanda Xavier da 1981. "A formação do Brasil moderno em dois tempos : uma análise comparada do pensamento de Oliveira Vianna e Hélio Jaguaribe." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281322.
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Orientador: Élide Rugai BastosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T03:16:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_FernandaXavierda_D.pdf: 1860966 bytes, checksum: b800e5ab4efe415702e7d1e17c3a7a18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo central analisar comparativamente as obras de Oliveira Vianna e Hélio Jaguaribe. Com base no conceito de que, mantidos os mesmos aspectos/problemas ao longo do tempo, as ideias admitem certa margem de tolerância e atualização (Brandão, 2007), procuramos demonstrar que, não obstante as diferenças de seus textos e contextos subsistem importantes afinidades entre esses autores, o que nos permite enquadrá-los como membros de uma mesma família intelectual. Como objetivo secundário, buscamos estabelecer um diálogo dessas obras com suas principais leituras, de modo a apreender o sentido dessas ideias. A partir do exame dos temas, caminhos de análise e programas políticos a que cada um desses autores aludia, em conjunto ao contexto histórico no qual falavam, observamos que ambas as obras comportam permanências e transformações, algumas mesmo contraditórias, o que possibilita diversas leituras. Transportando tal descoberta para o plano da comparação procuramos, naquilo que era constante, observar as aproximações e afastamentos desses dois raciocínios. Constatamos que, a despeito de seus diferentes desígnios (organização x desenvolvimento) e enfoques (político-social x econômico), Oliveira Vianna e Hélio Jaguaribe partilharam não apenas temas, mas linhas de raciocínio e, em certo sentido, projetos. Pautados na interpretação do Brasil em suas características, falhas e faltas, ambos apontaram para a impossibilidade de a sociedade, a partir de um movimento endógeno, vir a transformar sua realidade, e erigiram o Estado como ator e agente da mudança. Revelaram-se, assim, idealistas orgânicos, como na acepção de Brandão (2007) - os males vigentes estão presentes na sociedade, e podem ser superados apenas por meio da ação do Estado
Abstract: This study is mainly aimed to comparatively analyze the works of Oliveira Vianna and Hélio Jaguaribe. Based on the concept that maintained the same aspects / problems over time, the ideas admit some tolerance and upgrading (Brandão, 2007), we demonstrate that, despite the differences in their texts and contexts, there are important affinities between these authors, which allows us to frame them as members of the same intellectual family. As a secondary objective, we establish a dialogue between these works and their main interpretations in order to apprehend the meaning of these ideas. Through the examination of issues, paths of analysis and political agendas that each of these authors alluded, in conjunction with the historical context in which they spoke, we observe that both works involve continuities and transformations, some even contradictory, which allows several lectures. Taking to the comparative plan we observe, in what was constant, approximations and deviations of these two reasoning. We find that, despite their different agendas (organization versus development) and approaches (social-political versus economic), Oliveira Vianna and Hélio Jaguaribe shared not only issues but also lines of thinking and, in some sense, projects. Guided by the interpretation of Brazil in its features, shortcomings and failures, both pointed to the impossibility of society, in an endogenous movement, to transform its reality, and erected the state as an actor and agent of change. They proved to be "organic idealists", as the concept of Brandão (2007) - the problems are in society, and can be overcome only through the state action
Doutorado
Sociologia
Doutora em Sociologia
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Andersson, Filip. "Swedish Income Distribution and Wealth Concentration 1900-1985 : The interconnection between data and contemporary news outlets." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325495.
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This paper holds a study of Swedish inequality from 1900-1985 with specific focus on the half-decades of 1900-1905 and 1980-1985. Subsequently constructed data and contemporary news outlets are presented to develop further understanding upon how inequality was depicted in comparison to data. Through a comparison of the time-periods, the developed understanding and changed stance of the public on the issue of inequality is examined. This method of examination gives new insight upon how the widening knowledge of inequality during the 1900s, through the development of micro-economic measurements, as well as more complete tax returns, has affected the depiction of the issue. The results of the study suggest that news articles of the latter period (1980-1985), tend to be more data-based than during the former time-period, where general assumptions were more frequent. It additionally suggests that the decreased inequality over the 20th century did not lessen the discussion of inequality, but rather the opposite. The news articles furthermore do not discuss inequality in relation to the presented data - the long-term changes are not clearly stated in the news outlets - but are in conclusion unconsciously considered, through the general knowledge of current inequality, through tax levels etc.
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Hrušková, Tereza. "Dlouhodobý vývoj příjmové nerovnosti ve vybraných evropských státech a v USA." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10419.
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In the present study, the long-run evolution of income inequality in several European countries and the US has been presented and the Kuznets' hypothesis empirically assessed. According to Kuznets (1955), the evolution of income inequality along the development process can be pictured as an inverted U-shaped curve. In other words, inequality firstly increases and subsequently decreases as the economy develops. What follows the empirical part is a brief summary of explanations for the reversal observed since the 1970s and 1980s, which have been presented in the literature. In addition, several European socio-economic models are described to demonstrate that there is no simple trade-off between inequality and unemployment as hypothesized by Krugman (1995).
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AMARAL, Luciano. "How a country catches up :explaining economic growth in Portugal in the post-war period (1950s to 1973)." Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5705.
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Defence date: 21 February 2003Examining board: Nicholas Craft, London School of Economics ; Maria Eugénia Mata, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa ; Alan S. Milward, European University Institute ; (Jaime Reis, Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa)
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LEITAO, Nicolau Andresen. "The unexpected guest : Portugal and European integration (1956-1963)." Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5879.
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Defence date: 22 March 2004Examining board: António Costa Pinto, Instituto de Ciências Sociais de Universidade de Lisboa ; Fernando Guirao, Universitat Pompeu Fabra ; Pascaline Winand, European University Institute ; (Alan S. Milward, European University Institute)
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VANNINI, Alessandra. "Fascist politics and autarkic economy in a compared perspective : the Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (I.R.I.) and the Instituto Nacional de Industria (I.N.I.), 1933-1959." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/45867.
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Defence date: 21 March 2017Examining Board: Professor Giovanni Federico, Università di Pisa (EUI Supervisor); Professor Youssef Cassis, European University Institute; Professor Elena San Román López, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Professor Franco Amatori, Università Bocconi
The research project is centred on Spanish economic policies from 1937 to 1959, which guided the creation and development of the Instituto Nacional de Industria (the Spanish State-owned company, I.N.I. hereafter). Particular attention will be paid to the similarities, or differences, between these policies and those of Fascist Italy during the 1930s until the 1950s, especially as referred to the Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (the Italian State-owned company, I.R.I. hereafter). I aim to capture the analogies between the two public entities, I.N.I. and I.R.I., through the analysis of their financial ratios, statutes, sector investment and production. If it is true that, in Italy, different economic policies were applied all along from the thirties to the fifties, some of them were autarkic. I.R.I can be seen as a reflection of the regime’s will, mirroring, mirroring the evolution of Italian economic policies. Since the different roles of the I.R.I. and its adaptation to the decisionmaking process of the Italian regime have not been considered by the literature that dealt with the I.N.I., especially with respect to the classification of the autarkic models that the I.R.I. was called to apply, my research attempts to identify which of the I.R.I. roles were copied by the I.N.I., and in particular whether it was the ‘war autarkic’ model, adopted by the I.R.I. between 1939 and 1943. Particular attention will also be dedicated to explaining why the creation of the I.N.I. was inspired by the Italian model of the I.R.I. The ultimate purpose of my project will be to provide a new insight on the economic policies of the First Francoism by discussing whether postwar policy in Spain was a continuity of the ‘war autarkic’ policy of the Civil War, and not just a ‘normal autarkic’ policy.
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Mun, Sang-sŏk. "Mechanism of mass mobilization and creating state citizens during the economic development period." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17885.
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This research deals with the discordance between the national state and the nation state in the formation of the Republic of Korea (ROK). Charles Tilly (1992) distinguishes between the concept of the national state and that of the nation state, even though many scholars use the nation state. According to Charles Tilly (1975;1985;1992), a national state is simply state that rules demarcated territories, has a differentiated administration, and centralized autonomous structures, while the nation state is a state that comprises one single nation, in other words, a nation is the basis of the nation state. Tilly defines the nation as one community in which people share a strong linguistic, ethnic, religious1and symbolic, historical identity. Based on this national state theory, national subject and identity of the new Korean nation are keys to understand this research. The ROK has been a very strong state in terms of despotic power, which means physical violent means of the state. The ROK has reemerged as a strong state after the Korean War. The regime based on this characteristic tries to mobilize people and their resources. People should answer the state’s call and participate in national development projects. But even the strongest regime cannot rely on its superiority or monopolized means of physical violence to mobilize people and their resources. Therefore, as in fascist states, the regime created a variety of Administered Mass Organization (AMOs). There are two big purposes in mobilizing people of the ROK: one is de-politicization; the other is enforced cooperation in the name of nationalism, which means “state-formed nationalism.” The Saemaul Undong (New Village Movement), the Hankooknochong (Federation of Korea Trade Unions), and the Hakdohokookdan (Student National Defense Corps) were the main AMOs under Park’s rule. De-politicization played a role in making Koreans participants in the AMOs by avoiding being labeled as Uhyong, meaning collaborator with the dictator. Under surf of various ideologies to encourage South Koreans’ participation in development projects or AMOs, South Koreans began to identify themselves with a new ideology as state citizens of the ROK. A new Korean nation emerged through the experiences that Koreans had participated in. This thesis investigates the process of the creation of the new Korean nation during the economic development period. The salvation of a struggle between the nation state vs the national state in Korea emerged as an economic development and the creation a new Korean nation within the boundary of demilitarized zone the ROK. National subject discourse becomes a key factor of the process of emergence of a new Korean nation.text
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M, Fargani Mohamed. "An empirical analysis of economic growth in Libya." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:34991.
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This thesis investigates different aspects of the relationship between economic growth and mainstream macroeconomic variables, using time series data. The time series data is used to attempt to incorporate the major characteristics of the Libyan economy for the period 1962 to 2009 into a macroeconomic model, one objective of which is to estimate the relationship between the three mainstream macroeconomic variables: RGDP, inflation and unemployment, by using some extensions to Okun’s Law (1962), Phillips curve (1958), and the Cobb–Douglass (1928) and Solow (1956) growth models. Using a recent econometric approach of co-integration, Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM), Generalised Method of Moment (GMM), Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Impulse Response Function (IRF), we can estimate an extended production function to analyse the long-run growth effects of important macroeconomic factors such as inflation, oil revenue, foreign direct investment, trade openness and government expenditure. The Libyan economy, like that of other developing countries in North Africa and the Middle East, has been subject to a multitude of structural changes, as well as of the fluctuation in oil prices during the sample period. Thus, after applying conventional unit root test like ADF and Phillips–Perron (PP), we find structural break in the time series selected. The Chow test (1960) for the presence of one or two structural breaks in data is considered appropriate for this study. The analysis is divided into two time series to get the best results for the models by employing different techniques of econometrics such as co-integration, VECM, GMM, OLS and IRF. The results show that there is a relationship between RGDP, inflation and unemployment. Additionally, the determinants of total factor productivity (TFP) are found to vary from one phase to another, and both foreign direct investment and open trade have a positive effect on both long-run and short-run growth in the Libyan economy. The empirical findings of this thesis indicate that in order to achieve high and stable economic growth and protect the economy from the negative effects of oil price fluctuations, the Libyan government should continue its quest for more efficient and effective non-oil export promotion policies as well for diversification strategies aimed at weaning the economy from its dependence on the oil sector. Economic growth has become an important aim for almost all countries in the world; it is of particular concern for developing countries, which need more growth in their RGDP. This study uses time series data from 15 countries from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) from 1970 to 2010, adding to the growing literature on the issues of economic growth by throwing light on the Cobb-Douglas production function (1928). To find the stationarity of the variables selected, the Dickey-Fuller test is utilised with the Generalised Least Squares (Df-GLS) unit root test to deal with unknown structural breaks in data. Co-integration, VECM and IRF are employed to estimate the production function in the short and long run. The results show there is a relationship between the effects of capita and labour on growth in some MENA countries. In addition, the growth of capital in some oil-exporting MENA countries is growing faster than the labour supply in contrast to the situation in the non-oil exporting countries. Further analysis and research is necessary into these methodological issues, which is beyond the scope of a single contribution.
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MacWilliam, Scott. "Development and agriculture in late colonial Papua New Guinea." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151517.
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CAPPELLI, Gabriele. "The uneven development of Italy’s regions, 1861-1936 : a new analysis based on human capital, institutional and social indicators." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/33868.
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Defence date: 21 November 2014Examining Board: Professor Youssef Cassis, EUI and RSCAS (Supervisor); Professor Michelangelo Vasta, University of Siena (External Supervisor); Professor Giovanni Federico, University of Pisa; Professor Joan Roses, London Schools of Economics and Political Science.
This thesis sheds new light on the process of economic divergence that characterized Italy’s regions in the second half of the nineteenth century and the Interwar period. It shows that social capital had a limited impact on the regions’ economic fortune prior to the Great War. Further, only specific dimensions of social capital affected regional economic growth. Instead, the country’s regional inequalities grew large as a result of different endowments of human capital. In turn, human capital differences inherited from pre-unification states remained large as a result of public policy, which established a decentralized education system in 1859. This choice delayed convergence in primary schooling across regions, because of the tight connection between municipal fiscal capacity and the supply of schools and teachers. Centralized education, introduced with the Daneo-Credaro Reform in 1911, loosened this link and favoured regional convergence in human capital. Contrary to expectations, local institutional mechanisms did not play a large role in the growth of mass education: a detailed analysis of the determinants of primary schooling across Italy’s provinces in the years 1871 – 1911 confirms that local economic conditions influenced the development of human capital far more than political participation and access to local decision-making. These results cast doubt on recent interpretations of the socioeconomic divergence experienced by Italy’s regions. While further research is needed on the link between local institutions and the development of basic education, this work calls for a renewed focus on the way that central policy affected regional divergence and Italy’s overall economic development before the Second World War.
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Marcus, Benny Charles. "Growth without equity: inequality, social citizenship, and the neoliberal model of development in Chile." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2238.
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Amaghlobeli, David. "Financial development and technical efficiency : Georgian banking in transition, 1991-2000." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29327.
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In this study overall financial development and the performance of commercial
banks in Georgia during 1991-2000 is analyzed. Georgian banking system emerged
from a scratch after the country gained its independence in 1991. Initial reform path
turned out to be very arduous, full of failures and disappointments. After complete
chaos of 1991-1994 the banking sector recovered quickly owing to extreme
measures taken by the authorities. We discuss in detail the policies pursued by the
National Bank of Georgia, the outcomes of these policies and contrast general
performance of Georgian banks with banks in other transitional economies and
developed countries.
To measure performance of individual commercial banks in 2000, Data
Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was employed. DEA has been extensively used to
study commercial bank efficiency over the last two decades. Major advantages of
DEA are its applicability to small samples, employment of less information than
required by alternative parametric approaches (e.g. information on prices and the
knowledge of functional form for the production relationship is not necessary) and
the ability to perform analysis with multiple inputs and outputs.
We found that inefficiency in the Georgian banking sector was equally due to pure
technical and scale inefficiencies; large banks were oversized because of excessive
branching contributing to their scale inefficiency; and there was a significant
positive relationship between efficiency and profitability.Graduation date: 2002
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Thompson, Paul Anthony. "An analysis of Dubai's socio-economic development strategies and performance between 1998-2008." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13261.
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This study explores the socio-economic development path of the former Trucial State of Dubai, now an economic powerhouse within the Federal State of the United Arab Emirates. This thesis emanated out of the researcher’s need to understand the development trajectory of Dubai from the perspective of a development discourse, as literature and debates on the city’s developmental trajectory have generally focused on micro-and macro-economic variables and a sectoral emphasis without considering the total and complex development matrix. The author proposes a rentier, developmental and competition (RDC) Model as a basis for understanding the state-led social and economic development of the Emirate of Dubai. Empirically, the study examines a whole raft of home-grown social and economic development policies that fall exclusively within the domain of the Dubai Strategic Plans (DSPs). Conceptually, the thesis argues that although the Dubai Inc model has successfully changed the socio-economic landscape of the Emirate, nevertheless, a soft underbelly of the model displays the exploitative nature of unbridled free market capitalism.
Methodologically, triangulation backed up the qualitative research methodology by utilising a mixed-methods approach to enhance the richness of the research. Specific data collection methods used included in-depth semi-structured interviews and non-participative observation, supported by documentation analyses of relevant documents. The research findings unambiguously demonstrated that the socio-economic transformation of Dubai, between 1998 and 2008, was a result of the aforementioned hybrid model, which this thesis uses as its theoretical framework. The conclusion drawn from the study is that there is no one path to development; the Government of Dubai is cognisant of that and has thus used the capacity of the state to transform the once impoverished and marginalised sheikhdom into a ‘commodified’ city-corporate entity.Development Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Developmental Studies)
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Toatu, Teuea. "Analyzing the growth performance of the Pacific island countries : the institutional approach." Phd thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150311.
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Blair, Lyndsey Denise. "Indianapolis Arts and Culture in the Late Twentieth Century: The Origins, Activities, and Legacy of the Pan American Arts Festival." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/8482.
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Indiana University--Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)The purpose of this thesis is to discuss and explain the commitment to arts and culture in Indianapolis from the mid-1960s to the end of the 1980s by focusing on the origins, activities, and legacy of an extraordinary event in the history of Indianapolis’ arts community: the 1986-1987 Pan American Arts Festival. Early efforts by the City Committee, a local growth coalition comprised of several civic leaders, focused on the physical revitalization of downtown Indianapolis’ cultural landscape. The group’s work in this area, which was part of a larger downtown revitalization project, played an important role in the creation of the Pan American Arts Festival. Ultimately, the planning and administration of this festival had a significant impact on the city’s arts community as it shifted the arts and culture commitment from Indianapolis’ physical structures to the actual livelihood of the organizations housed within them.
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ACKER, Antoine. "The Amazon's last pioneers : the rise and fall of Volkswagen's development project in the Brazilian rain forest (1973-1986)." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/33075.
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Defence date: 9 October 2014Examining Board: Professor Kiran Klaus Patel, Maastricht University (EUI Supervisor); Professor Claudia Damasceno Fonseca, EHESS; Professor Christof Mauch, LMU/RCC; Professor Dirk Moses, EUI
This thesis explores the rise and decline of the farming project Vale do Rio Cristalino, run by Volkswagen in the Amazon from 1973 to 1986. This large-scale development project was built within the framework of a colonization program launched by the Brazilian military regime to promote the territorial occupation of the region. Celebrated as a technological revolution in tropical farming, the ‘VW ranch’ was supposed to be a model of civilization in the jungle, to pave the way for the conversion of the Amazon into a modern export economy and to elaborate solutions to overcome hunger in the ‘Third World’. However, this consensual image was tarnished after Cristalino became the subject of various socio-environmental scandals, leading to the mobilization of transnational networks against the project. This thesis analyzes the transformation of Cristalino from a scientifically and politically legitimized project to a space of conflict. It is a multi-layered case study of how a development project was negotiated between different groups of actors and in dialogue with environmental factors. It argues that there were three main reasons for the demise of Cristalino: the conflicting interests behind an apparent consensus of development, a growing awareness of the scarcity of resources, and disappointing results in the area of labor conditions. This historical example leads one to question the loss of authority of the politics of development in Brazil and at the international level from the second half of the 1970s. By showing how a deterministic view of development—which fixed the intensive exploitation of nature as the Amazon’s unique historical outcome—was progressively unravelled, this thesis reveals the process of politicization of a place. With the dismantling of the ‘developmentalist’ consensus, the future of the rain forest became an open issue, negotiated through the prism of multiple projections, viewpoints and scales of intervention.
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Strub, Juliane. "Opportunities for co-operation between informal youth groups and international non-governmental organisations : a case study of Amman and Zarqa in Jordan." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25453.
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Text in EnglishThe study focuses on the interaction between two structures in development cooperation: the bottom-up approach of Informal Youth Groups (IYGs) and the topdown approach of International Non-Governmental Organisations (INGOs). These are considered in the theoretical context of the capability approach. In the empirical study, conducted in the cities of Amman and Zarqa in Jordan, the researcher interviewed eleven key members of IYGs to analyse their work mechanisms and criteria for co-operation. A Focus Group Discussion with members of INGOs about challenges and opportunities in co-operations with IYGs was conducted, to complement the literature review of INGO perspectives. The study provides insights into the work mechanism and co-operation criteria of IYGs. The interviewees mentioned trust between the parties and sharing vision and motivation as key requirements. Recommendations for INGOs in their work with local partners and practical steps for supporting IYGs are given.
Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)