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1
Lee, Yoon, Taeyeon Yoon, and Yongsuk Hong. "Is Sustainable Watershed Management Feasible under Climate Change? An Economic Appraisal of the Nile River." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010162.
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Historically, the Nile, a well-known transboundary river, has been a major contributor to Egyptian economic growth in many ways but has suffered from sediment accumulation. Since anthropocentric activities on the Nile delta heavily rely on nutrient-rich sediment from the Ethiopian highland, sediment control schemes in the Aswan High Dam not only prolong the life of the dam but also increase the economic value of the watershed. The purpose of our study is to use an economic optimization approach to evaluate the feasibility of sustainable management of the Nile concerning climate change. The model considers significant anthropocentric effects on the reservoir as well as the impacts of climate change on the entire watershed. Moreover, the social planner’s model is developed to unravel somewhat numerous externalities. The results indicate that among the various technically feasible sediment removal schemes, the hydro-suction sediment removal system (HSRS) is the only desirable solution under severe climate change. In order to control the negative externalities in the watershed, the in-stream flow control should be applied. By implementing appropriate management schemes simultaneously, the life of the AHD can be extended, and the total economic benefits of the entire watershed can be maximized to approximately $272 billion USD.
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Ramadan, Elsayed M., Heba F. Abdelwahab, Zuzana Vranayova, Martina Zelenakova, and Abdelazim M. Negm. "Optimization-Based Proposed Solution for Water Shortage Problems: A Case Study in the Ismailia Canal, East Nile Delta, Egypt." Water 13, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182481.
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Water conflicts in transboundary watersheds are significantly exacerbated by insufficient freshwater sources and high water demands. Due to its increasing population and various development projects, as well as current and potential water shortages, Egypt is one of the most populated and impacted countries in Africa and the Middle East in terms of water scarcity. With good future planning, modeling will help to solve water scarcity problems in the Ismailia canal, which is one of the most significant branches of the Nile River. Many previous studies of the Nile river basin depended on quality modeling and hydro-economic models which had policy or system control constraints. To overcome this deficit position and number, the East Nile Delta area was investigated using LINDO (linear interactive, and discrete optimizer) software; a mathematical model with physical constraints (mass balances); and ArcGIS software for canals and water demands from the agriculture sector, which is expected to face a water shortage. Using the total capital (Ismailia canal, groundwater, and water reuse) and total demand for water from different industries, the software measures the shortage area and redistributes the water according to demand node preferences (irrigation, domestic, and industrial water demands). At the irrigation network’s end, a water deficit of 789.81 MCM/year was estimated at Al-Salhiya, Ismailia, El Qantara West, Fayed, and Port Said. The model was then run through three scenarios: (1) the Ismailia Canal Lining’s effect, (2) surface water’s impact, and (3) groundwater’s impact. Water scarcity was proportional to lining four sections at a length of 61.0 km, which is considered to be optimal—based on the simulation which predicts that the Ismailia canal head flow will rise by 15%, according to scenarios—and the most effective way to reduce water scarcity in the face of climate change and limited resources as a result of the increasing population and built-in industrial projects in Egypt.
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Herrer Fernández, Sara. "Water conflict analysis: The Nile River dispute." Análisis Jurídico - Político 4, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 83–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/26655489.5877.
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The Nile River Basin is the source of life of Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, and Upstream countries, principally as water for agriculture and hydropower. The resource is the focus of much contested development between downstream and upstream countries. In recent years, largely due to climate change and rapid population growth, there has been an increasing level of conflict related to water scarcity and the consequent aggravation of food insecurity. Additionally, transboundary masses of water have an even more complex water management, becoming one of the main geopolitical issues of today. This conflict is the result of the ambition of the main riparian countries, notably Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia and other upstream nations, to claim a greater share of the water supplies available in the watershed. That is precisely why a cooperative Game theory provides valuable insights into strategic disputes over water resources. In this paper, non-cooperative strategies are assessed to determine the possible outcomes of the dispute.
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Li, Wenzhao, Hesham El-Askary, Venkat Lakshmi, Thomas Piechota, and Daniele Struppa. "Earth Observation and Cloud Computing in Support of Two Sustainable Development Goals for the River Nile Watershed Countries." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (April 28, 2020): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091391.
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In September 2015, the members of United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with universal applicability of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets. The SDGs are consequential for the development of the countries in the Nile watershed, which are affected by water scarcity and experiencing rapid urbanization associated with population growth. Earth Observation (EO) has become an important tool to monitor the progress and implementation of specific SDG targets through its wide accessibility and global coverage. In addition, the advancement of algorithms and tools deployed in cloud computing platforms provide an equal opportunity to use EO for developing countries with limited technological capacity. This study applies EO and cloud computing in support of the SDG 6 “clean water and sanitation” and SDG 11 “sustainable cities and communities” in the seven Nile watershed countries through investigations of EO data related to indicators of water stress (Indicator 6.4.2) and urbanization and living conditions (Indicators 11.3.1 and 11.1.1), respectively. Multiple approaches including harmonic, time series and correlational analysis are used to assess and evaluate these indicators. In addition, a contemporary deep-learning classifier, fully convolution neural networks (FCNN), was trained to classify the percentage of impervious surface areas. The results show the spatial and temporal water recharge pattern among different regions in the Nile watershed, as well as the urbanization in selected cities of the region. It is noted that the classifier trained from the developed countries (i.e., the United States) is effective in identifying modern communities yet limited in monitoring rural and slum regions.
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Paraguassú-Chaves, Carlos Alberto, Fabio Robson Casara Cavalcante, Gilmara Ferreira de Lima, Ana Maria Morais da Fonseca Cavalcante, Carla Dolezel Trindade, Simão Aznar Filho, Ruy Drummont Smith, Simão Dolezel Aznar, and Fabrício Moraes de Almeida. "Watershed Level Sustainable Development Index in Rondônia, Western Amazon." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 283–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol10.iss9.3908.
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Objective: to build a sustainable development index for the river basins of Rondônia, using factor analysis as an analytical model. Method: factor analysis was used as a tool for building environmental, economic, social and institutional performance indices. The adapted FECAM classification scale was adopted to express the results achieved by each river basin. Results: The set of current sustainable performance indices for the Mamoré River watersheds (0.444) was considered a low index, although the best compared to other basins; the Madeira River (0.419, low index); the Guaporé River (0.378, low index); the Machado River (0.289, low index); the Jamari River (0.307, low index) and the Roosevelt River (0.227, low index). There has been a really insignificant improvement in the rates from 10 years ago. Conclusions: the factor analysis showed efficiency as a multivariate statistical method in the construction of sustainable development indices for the river basins of Rondônia. The management of watersheds is still very ineffective, despite being regulated by state law. It is highly recommended to institutionalize regional public policies in the form of a Master Plan for the Rondônia Watershed.
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E.H., Osman, Gumaa Y.S.A., and Elhag A.M.H. "Land Cover/Land Use Trends along the Blue Nile River Blue Nile State – Sudan." IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) 13, no. 1 (February 6, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jas.v13.n1.p1.
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<p>The study focused on quantifying the extent and sources of the deterioration of the vegetation cover of the study area at the Sudanese Blue Nile watershed in relation to agriculture extension policy, inefficient management and Lack of governmental policy. </p><p>The Research was based on forest and vegetation inventory and soil analysis to determine the current situation using ground survey, forest inventory and remote sensing data as well as secondary information from other sources to cover historical records from 1990 to 2015.</p><p>The results showed a significant change in natural ecosystems during the study period due to the change in the land use patterns. The Closed forests, open forests, and rural settlement areas were found to decrease by -90%, -43% and -32% respectively during the period (1990-2000). This negative trend was reflected in a positive trend showed by expansion in agriculture (+267%), horticulture (+73%), bare land (144%), and urban areas (12%). During the period (2010-2015), which was the civil war period, the area of closed forests, open forests and urban areas were increased, in comparison to that of 1990-2000) by 201,10, and 247% respectively, while that of agriculture, Rural areas, and bare lands is negative (-51, -54 and -68% respectively).</p><p>The major factor for the change is mainly attributed to the migration of rural people towards urban areas due to civil war and economic crises. In addition, it is expected that there are other factors such as the absence of clear plans and coordination between concerned government authorities, at local and national levels, which may need further investigations and studies to clear the whole picture.</p>
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Aldhila, Adang, Hardi Warsono, Sri Suwitri, and Retno Sunu Astuti. "Management of Slum Settlements based on Sustainable Development in the Deli Watershed of Medan City." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (May 27, 2021): 2791–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1988.
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The population in urban areas continues to increase while the land owned is limited which results in slum settlements in urban areas. Slum settlements in Medan City often appear in areas where buildings should not be allowed, such as in watersheds. Deli River as a large river that divides Medan City, there are still many slum settlements in the watershed. Management of slum settlements based on sustainable development is needed to provide a long-term impact, especially for the preservation and restoration of the function of the Deli River. This study aims to analyze the management of slum settlements based on sustainable development indicators in achieving sustainable development, namely ecological sustainability, economic sustainability, socio-cultural sustainability, political sustainability, and defense and security sustainability. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Sources of research data by collecting primary data through interviews and secondary data through documentation and observation studies. The management of slum settlements based on sustainable development in the Deli watershed is still not optimal in terms of ecological sustainability, economic sustainability, and defense and security sustainability. Meanwhile, socio-cultural sustainability and political sustainability are quite optimal. The government must manage slum settlements based on sustainable development through an approach with the community and provide viable housing alternatives so that people do not live in watershed areas.
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Liu, Wen, Long Ma, and Jilili Abuduwaili. "Potentially Toxic Elements in Oasis Agricultural Soils Caused by High-Intensity Exploitation in the Piedmont Zone of the Tianshan Mountains, China." Agriculture 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2021): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11121234.
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Considering the pollution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the soils of China, the present study analyzed the current state and influencing factors of PTEs in oasis soils using the model of absolute principal component score–multiple linear regression in the piedmont zone of the Tianshan Mountains. The possible non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of PTEs at current concentrations were also explored using a human-health risk-assessment model. The results suggested that the extent to which potentially toxic elements in the soils of different geographical units in the study area is affected by human activities varies considerably. The PTEs Cd and As in the soils of the Yili River Watershed were the most strongly influenced by human activities, reaching levels of 40% and 59%, respectively. However, in the Bortala River Watershed, Cu, Cd, and As were the most strongly influenced by human activities, reaching levels of 33%, 64%, and 76%, respectively. Geographical units with a high degree of economic development (e.g., the Yili River Watershed) had, in contrast, low levels of PTE pollution caused by human activities, which may be related to the regional economic development structure. The human health risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of PTEs are currently below the threshold. However, increasing the arsenic content to 1.78 times the current level in the Bortala River Watershed would lead to carcinogenic risk. For the Yili River Watershed, a 3.33-fold increase in the arsenic content above its current level would lead to a carcinogenic risk. This risk should be addressed, and targeted environmental-protection measures should be formulated. The present research results will provide important decision support for regional environmental protection.
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Sène, A. M., S. Bonin, and O. Soubeyran. "Watershed regulation and local action: analysis of the Senegal River watershed management by a regional organisation and public participation." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 4, no. 3 (June 28, 2007): 1917–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-4-1917-2007.
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Abstract. Several social scientists have dealt with the usefulness of a participative approach in development plans. The call for sustainable development has increased the focus on this type of approach in a very classical way, which is the case for the creation of new water tanks. Most of these scientists have also pinpointed the major difficulties and failures faced during the execution of this new approach in developing countries. This study is a concrete example which underlines the lack of this type of approach as far as water management in the Senegal River is concerned, mainly in relation to watershed. We base our study on the analysis and criticism of the regional organization OMVS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River) which is in charge of water management in the Senegal River. The results of the study can, therefore, be summed up as follows: (i) An on-site direct observation, individual interviews, group discussion and information analysis point out the lack of participation of local people in water management in the Senegal River and, in general, the harmful socio-economic impacts resulting from it. (ii) The reasons for this lack of participative approach are mainly due to the model set up by the OMVS in terms of water management in the Senegal River, a model that has excluded or tackled in a very light way the issue of public participation in decision-making through out its juridical and regulation instruments. (iii) Elements of consideration on some measures, which could possibly improve the level of participation of local people in river water management.
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Ayele, Gebiaw, Engidasew Teshale, Bofu Yu, Ian Rutherfurd, and Jaehak Jeong. "Streamflow and Sediment Yield Prediction for Watershed Prioritization in the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia." Water 9, no. 10 (October 12, 2017): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w9100782.
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Inappropriate use of land and poor ecosystem management have accelerated land degradation and reduced the storage capacity of reservoirs. To mitigate the effect of the increased sediment yield, it is important to identify erosion-prone areas in a 287 km2 catchment in Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to: (1) assess the spatial variability of sediment yield; (2) quantify the amount of sediment delivered into the reservoir; and (3) prioritize sub-catchments for watershed management using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using SUFI-2, GLUE, ParaSol, and PSO SWAT-CUP optimization algorithms. For most of the SWAT-CUP simulations, the observed and simulated river discharge were not significantly different at the 95% level of confidence (95PPU), and sources of uncertainties were captured by bracketing more than 70% of the observed data. This catchment prioritization study indicated that more than 85% of the sediment was sourced from lowland areas (slope range: 0–8%) and the variation in sediment yield was more sensitive to the land use and soil type prevailing in the area regardless of the terrain slope. Contrary to the perception of the upland as an important source of sediment, the lowland in fact was the most important source of sediment and should be the focus area for improved land management practice to reduce sediment delivery into storage reservoirs. The research also showed that lowland erosion-prone areas are typified by extensive agriculture, which causes significant modification of the landscape. Tillage practice changes the infiltration and runoff characteristics of the land surface and interaction of shallow groundwater table and saturation excess runoff, which in turn affects the delivery of water and sediment to the reservoir and catchment evapotranspiration.
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Susetyo, Cahyono, Lukman Yusuf, and Rulli Pratiwi Setiawan. "Spatial planning concept for flood prevention in the Kedurus River watershed." Open Geosciences 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1238–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0421.
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Abstract The phenomenon of urbanization has led to an increase in residential land and other economic activities that resulted in the conversion of undeveloped land into developed and settled lands. Thus, it has an impact on limited water absorption, and eventually, a flood occurs when extreme rainfall happens. The Kedurus watershed is a flood-prone area where floods consistently occur with a depth of up to 1 m. However, the Kedurus watershed is an area that has a vital function in the economic development of the city of Surabaya. From the previous research, three instruments were declared effective in reducing flooding. By using the positivistic approach, the purpose of this study is a spatial planning concept for flood reduction in the Kedurus River Basin. The results will be presented as spatial modeling of the flood with the existing conditions resulting in a flood inundation area of 228.88 ha. The stages of the formulation of the spatial planning concept for flood reduction resulted in several proposals, namely, the allocation of green open space for all the land assets of the Surabaya City government and the provision of a maximum requirement of 60% development for space allocation on existing nondeveloped land.
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Schmidt, Emily, and Fanaye Tadesse. "Sustainable agriculture in the Blue Nile Basin: land and watershed management practices in Ethiopia." Environment and Development Economics 19, no. 5 (December 16, 2013): 648–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x13000570.
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AbstractThe trade-off between short-term welfare and long-term agricultural development in the highlands of Ethiopia represents a challenge to successful economic development in a predominantly agriculture-based economy. We employ nearest neighbor and kernel-based matching techniques to measure the impact of sustainable land and watershed management (SLWM) on the value of production at the plot level. Analysis suggests that plots that received SLWM investments (terraces, bunds, check dams) within the first study period (1992–2002) had a 24 per cent higher value of production in 2010. In addition, continuous treatment effects analysis provides a robustness check and suggests that plots with existing SLWM infrastructure have a positive and increasing value of production seven years after construction. Although value of production increases over time, net benefits may not outweigh costs, and mechanisms to incentivize maintenance may be needed.
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Surya, Batara, Syafri Syafri, Hernita Sahban, and Harry Hardian Sakti. "Natural Resource Conservation Based on Community Economic Empowerment: Perspectives on Watershed Management and Slum Settlements in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia." Land 9, no. 4 (March 30, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9040104.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of slum development, community poverty, and community behavior on environmental degradation in the Tallo river basin in Makassar City and to analyze the effects of natural resource conservation, economic empowerment, community capacity building on the productivity of economic enterprises and ecosystem-based sustainability. This study uses a qualitative-quantitative approach in sequence. Data were obtained through observation, surveys, and documentation. The research findings show that slums, poverty, and community behavior have a significant effect on the decline in the environmental quality of the Tallo river basin in Makassar City, with a coefficient of determination of 32.2%. The results showed that the conservation of natural resources, economic empowerment, and community capacity building were positively correlated to increasing the productivity of community economic enterprises and the sustainability of watershed ecosystems. The assertion is that watershed conservation, integrated with economic empowerment, contributes positively to economic, social, and environmental sustainability. This study offers the concept of conservation of natural resources based on community economic empowerment as a solution to the handling of slums for the case of metropolitan cities in Indonesia, to support metropolitan city development programs nationally.
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Pei, Ying, Baohong Lu, Yang Song, Yan Yang, Xinyue Feng, and Wenlong Shen. "Collaborative Ecological Flow Decision Making under the Bengbu Sluice Based on Ecological-Economic Objectives." Water 14, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 4133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244133.
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The construction of dams destroys the integrity of a watershed system and the continuity of natural water flow, creating a watershed with segmented and fragmented rivers. This, in turn, affects and even destroys the health and stability of the watershed ecosystem. This study selected the downstream area of Bengbu Sluice in the Huai River Basin of China as the study area. To address the increasingly prominent ecosystem degradation in the Huai River Basin, ecological flow thresholds were determined using habitat simulation and hydrological approaches for mutual validation. A multi-objective synergistic decision model incorporating ecological and socioeconomic objectives was developed to coordinate the economic and ecological water use conflicts in the study area. The optimal coordinated solution for the ecological flow of important biological habitats in the basin was determined with the multi-objective synergistic method. The results demonstrated that a coordinated solution could guarantee the ecological and economic water demands of the basin. The findings of this study can be used as a reference for scientific guidelines on future ecological operations in dam-controlled rivers.
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Yu, Bing, and Linan Chen. "Interventional Impacts of Watershed Ecological Compensation on Regional Economic Differences: Evidence from Xin’an River, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (September 2, 2020): 6389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176389.
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Watershed ecological compensation (WEC) is a popular and effective policy instrument for promoting the coordinated development of environment protection and the regional economy in river basin areas. WEC affects the regional economic differences between upstream and downstream regions, as well as between protected areas and areas surrounding upstream regions. Thus, it is necessary to quantify these changes to ensure the balanced development of regions after the implementation of ecological compensation. In the present study, we established two types of Theil indexes for between-group inequalities (THH and THS) and an intervention analysis model in order to evaluate and predict the effects on regional economic differences caused by WEC in the Xin’an River basin. The results showed that the intervention comprising WEC affected regional economic differences, where the economic gap widened between Huangshan City in the upstream region and Hangzhou City in the downstream region, as well as between Huangshan and its surrounding cities. However, the impacts of the intervention gradually decreased in the later pilot period. Considering the fairness of regional social development, we recommend increasing the compensation for protected areas in order to improve the self-development capacity of upstream regions.
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Parihar, D. S., Mahendra Singh, and Surendra Singh. "Water Resources and Management in Gori Ganga Watershed, Kumaun Himalaya by Using Remote Sensing and GIS." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20211235.
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Uttarakhand Himalaya has been famous for its water resources (source for many rivers), forest diversity, unique wildlife, rich traditional culture, tribal culture and sacred Hindu’s shrine (i.e. Gangotri, Yamnotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath). The present study aims to assess the status of water resources in the Gori Ganga watershed. Water resources and their management were collected through field visit, use of Global Position System (GPS) and various methods (include questionnaire, personal interviews, direct interaction and group discussion with the villagers). Study explores the ability of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in delineating watershed and drainage network of the Gori Ganga River basin. Gori Ganga watershed is laying in Eastern Kumaon Himalaya with great utility of water resources in socio-economic development for livelihood where the settlements are situated in valleys to high altitude. Gori Ganga drainage network i.e. Ralam, Mandakani and Bona gad is glacial fed river and these entire Rivers’s water received annually from glaciers which are very useful for development of villages, towns and hydro power stations in the watershed region. Study explores some traditional water resources (Glacier, streams, springs/Dhare/Naule, lakes/Kund/Taals and drainage network) and uses of water resources for traditional uses i.e. Gharat (watermill), drinking water, hydro power production, agriculture irrigation, fisheries and animal husbandry etc. in the study area. Keywords: Water Resource, Management, Socio and Economic Development, Remote Sensing and GIS.
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Fitri, Rini, Surya Darma Tarigan, Santun R. P. Sitorus, and Latief M. Rachman. "PERENCANAAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN AGROFORESTRI DI DAS CILIWUNG HULU PROVINSI JAWA BARAT." TATALOKA 20, no. 2 (May 31, 2018): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.20.2.148-159.
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Land use has become one of the causes of watershed damage, resulting in complex physical, economic and social problems in both upstream and downstream. This study aims to determine the direction of land use planning for the development of agroforestry in the Upstream of Ciliwung River Watershed of West Java Province. The orientation of the land use planning for agroforestry development was conducted by determining the type of agroforestry to be developed, the land capability class, as well as soil and water conservation agroforestry techniques to be applied. The results of this study showed that the determination of the agroforestry land use planning in the Upstream of Ciliwung River Watershed of West Java Province is directed to the development of agroforestry. Plant recommended to be developed on agroforestry land use include the annual crops combined with seasonal crops, and the application of conservation techniques; including terrestrial, gulud terrace, mulching, and terrace strengthening-plant.
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Pueppke, Steven G., Wangshou Zhang, Hengpeng Li, Dongqiang Chen, and Weixin Ou. "An Integrative Framework to Control Nutrient Loss: Insights from Two Hilly Basins in China’s Yangtze River Delta." Water 11, no. 10 (September 29, 2019): 2036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102036.
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Rapid economic development and population growth in China’s Yangtze River Delta (YRD) are exerting significant environmental pressure on the region’s land and water, especially in hilly areas where many drinking water reservoirs have been constructed. These areas, which are characterized by steep slopes and thin soils, provide critical services, including flood control, water resource supply, food production, and recreational opportunities for nearby highly developed and heavily populated areas of the delta. We contrast two of these areas—the well-studied Tianmu Lake watershed and the much larger Qiandao Lake watershed. Both face similar challenges from nitrogen and phosphorus pollution due to rapid socio-economic development, but differences in watershed size and distinctions related to political boundaries influence the range of approaches available to maintain water quality. We review experiences of controlling nutrient pollution in these watersheds as case studies, and based on that information, propose an integrated framework to minimize nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in similarly challenged watersheds. The framework, which is designed to be generalizable rather than prescriptive, emphasizes source control, delivery interception, and fate management of nutrients.
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Spilki, FR, and JG Tundisi. "Priority targets for environmental research in the Sinos River basin." Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, no. 4 suppl (December 2010): 1245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000600014.
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The Sinos River Basin is often mentioned as a highly degraded watershed. A series of impacts on water quality, soil and air has been reported in this environment on a recurring basis over the years. This situation of environmental degradation has its origins in a process of huge economic development uncoupled from environmental conservation concerns. The intense consequent urbanization observed for the municipalities within the watershed was not preceded by urban planning proper zoning. The time has arrived for initiatives in scientific research in the Sinos River basin that are applicable to a more efficient and integrated management and recovery of the basin. In this article, a set of targets for research is suggested which the authors consider as the main priorities for the next few years, aiming for better knowledge and better management of the watershed. Some are still in course, while others have to be initiated as soon as possible.
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Lu, Shibao, Yizi Shang, Wei Li, Xiaohe Wu, and Hongbo Zhang. "Basic theories and methods of watershed ecological regulation and control system." Journal of Water and Climate Change 9, no. 2 (April 17, 2018): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.051.
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Abstract Watershed is an important existing form of water, with various functions such as water supply, irrigation, fishery, tourism, and flood prevention, playing a major role in the daily production and lives of residents and regional social and economic development. As a brand new management objective, watershed development is a significant means for supporting and ensuring the sustainability of social, economic and environmental development. This paper elaborates the importance of preserving the ecological and hydrological connections of river systems to sustain their healthy life cycle, as a harmonious relationship is essential for the current and future watershed management. By emphasizing the importance of the watershed ecological and environmental management and restoration, on the basis of the existing research results, this paper sums up the basic concepts and connotation of the ecological operation of reservoirs, analyzing the research achievements and existing problems of ecological operation study, and resulting in a fundamental framework of ecological operation model based on the multiscale coupling mechanism, objective coordination mechanism, generative mechanism of characteristic flows and operation scheme of the rolling correction mechanism.
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Silva, Viviane Farias, Dihego Souza Pessoa, Thalis Leandro Bezerra Lima, Ana Maria Ferreira Cosme, and Vera Lucia Antunes Lima. "Analysis of water quality in the watershed Brazilian semiarid." Ciência e Natura 40 (December 7, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x32055.
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Water is a renewable natural resource, important for maintenance of life on the entire planet. Even with this significance is a feature that has been degraded and reduced the quality to use. In the Brazilian semi-arid region water scarcity by influencing the quality of life of the population, directly affecting the socio-economic and development means. In this context, the present research was conducted aiming to evaluate the water quality in the watershed Brazilian semiarid. The survey was conducted in three watersheds (Capibaribe river, Ipojuca river and Igarassu river) in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Water Quality Index (WQI) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) annual averages of the year 2006 to 2015. In Capibaribe river watershed the largest concentrations of BOD occurred in 213, 2014 and 2015, with average was 4.95 mg/L. By increasing the BOD value there is a reduction of WQI. The Igarassu river, it was verified that from 2006 to 2014 the hydrographic basin has water quality classified as good. The BOD in the waters of the Ipojuca river has little influence on the water quality index.There is a degradation on the quality of water of basins due mainly to anthropic pollution.
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Goor, Q., C. Halleux, Y. Mohamed, and A. Tilmant. "Optimal operation of a multipurpose multireservoir system in the Eastern Nile River Basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 4 (July 6, 2010): 4331–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-4331-2010.
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Abstract. The upper Blue Nile River Basin in Ethiopia is a largely untapped resource despite its huge potential for hydropower generation and irrigated agriculture. Controversies exist as to whether the numerous infrastructural development projects that are on the drawing board in Ethiopia will generate positive or negative externalities downstream in Sudan and Egypt. This study attempts at 1) examining the (re-)operation of infrastructures, in particular the proposed reservoirs in Ethiopia and the High Aswan Dam and 2) assessing the economic benefits and costs associated with the storage infrastructures in Ethiopia and their spatial and temporal distribution. To achieve this, a basin-wide integrated hydro-economic model has been developed. The model integrates essential hydrologic, economic and institutional components of the river basin in order to explore both the hydrologic and economic consequences of various policy options and planned infrastructural projects. Unlike most of the deterministic economic-hydrologic models reported in the literature, a stochastic programming formulation has been adopted in order to: i) understand the effect of the hydrologic uncertainty on management decisions, ii) determine allocation policies that naturally hedge against the hydrological risk, and iii) assess the relevant risk indicators. The study reveals that the development of four mega dams in the upper part of the Blue Nile Basin would change the drawdown refill cycle of the High Aswan Dam. Should the operation of the reservoirs be coordinated, they would enable an average annual saving of at least 2.5 billion m3 through reduced evaporation losses from the Lake Nasser. Moreover, the new reservoirs (Karadobi, Beko-Abo, Mandaya and Border) in Ethiopia would have significant positive impacts on hydropower generation and irrigation in Ethiopia and Sudan: at the basin scale, the annual energy generation is boosted by 38.5 TWh amongst which 14.2 TWh due to storage. Moreover, the regulation capacity of the above mentioned reservoirs would enable an increase of the Sudanese irrigated area by 5.5%.
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Goor, Q., C. Halleux, Y. Mohamed, and A. Tilmant. "Optimal operation of a multipurpose multireservoir system in the Eastern Nile River Basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 10 (October 12, 2010): 1895–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1895-2010.
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Abstract. The upper Blue Nile River Basin in Ethiopia is a largely untapped resource despite its huge potential for hydropower generation and irrigated agriculture. Controversies exist as to whether the numerous infrastructural development projects that are on the drawing board in Ethiopia will generate positive or negative externalities downstream in Sudan and Egypt. This study attempts at (1) examining the (re-)operation of infrastructures, in particular the proposed reservoirs in Ethiopia and the High Aswan Dam and (2) assessing the economic benefits and costs associated with the storage infrastructures in Ethiopia and their spatial and temporal distribution. To achieve this, a basin-wide integrated hydro-economic model has been developed. The model integrates essential hydrologic, economic and institutional components of the river basin in order to explore both the hydrologic and economic consequences of various policy options and planned infrastructural projects. Unlike most of the deterministic economic-hydrologic models reported in the literature, a stochastic programming formulation has been adopted in order to: (i) understand the effect of the hydrologic uncertainty on management decisions, (ii) determine allocation policies that naturally hedge against the hydrological risk, and (iii) assess the relevant risk indicators. The study reveals that the development of four mega dams in the upper part of the Blue Nile Basin would change the drawdown refill cycle of the High Aswan Dam. Should the operation of the reservoirs be coordinated, they would enable an average annual saving of at least 2.5 billion m3 through reduced evaporation losses from the Lake Nasser. Moreover, the new reservoirs (Karadobi, Beko-Abo, Mandaya and Border) in Ethiopia would have significant positive impacts on hydropower generation and irrigation in Ethiopia and Sudan: at the basin scale, the annual energy generation is boosted by 38.5 TWh amongst which 14.2 TWh due to storage. Moreover, the regulation capacity of the above mentioned reservoirs would enable an increase of the Sudanese irrigated area by 5.5%.
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Huang, Ying, and Hui Min Li. "Rational Distribution and Adjusting Strategies of the Industrial Structure in the Ili River Basin Based on Sustainable Development." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 3615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.3615.
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The industrial structure of the Ili River basin represents obviously the dual economic structure. It has been clearly demonstrated as follows: low degree, virtual ophistication and isomorph co-exist in industrial structures. To change the isomorphic industrial structure and realize the rationalization of watershed industrial structure, we should do as follows: selecting and training the leading industries in Ili River basin; giving more attention to market mechanism and the basic function of it in resource allocation during the dynamic adjustment of industrial structure.
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Tang, Xiaolan, and John Adekunle Adesina. "Integrated Watershed Management Framework and Groundwater Resources in Africa—A Review of West Africa Sub-Region." Water 14, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030288.
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Human activities mostly impact the trend and direction of rainwater, groundwater, and other river basin resources in the watershed in Africa. These activities alter river flows and the quality of usable water supplies at both highlands and lowlands. A watershed is indeed a conserved area of land that collects rain, sleet and snow, and empties or penetrates groundwater sources. The act of managing the activities around the watershed is integrated watershed management, which considers the social, economic, and environmental issues in tandem with the human, institutional, natural, and sustainability systems, which are the key drivers as identified in this study, as well as community interests and participation, to manage groundwater resources sustainably. These watersheds, river basins, and groundwater resources provide important services for communities and biodiversity. This paper reveals that the best way to protect groundwater resources is on a watershed basis using sustainable management measures. This technique enables us to handle a variety of concerns and objectives while also allowing us to plan in a complicated and uncertain environment. Sustaining a regional and sub-regional watershed involves cooperation and participation from a wide range of community interests and water users, including municipalities, companies, people, agencies, and landowners, for stakeholders’ input to be successful. All of the strategies and plans are produced with regard to one another, as well as the overall conditions of the watershed, local land uses, and specific regional transboundary issues.
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Et al., Julio Cesar Quispe-Mamani. "Incidence of Contamination of Water Resources in the Development of Livestock Activities in the Lower Area of the Coata River Watershed, Peru." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i1.176.
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The objective of the research was to determine the main environmental pollutants affecting the water resource of the lower Coata watershed, for which the descriptive, correlal and explanatory methodology was applied, using The Multinomial Logit regression with survey information applied to 380 heads of families. It was determined that the existence of water pollution has an impact on the volume of production of livestock activity in the lower part of the watershed in a negative manner, this is supported by the dumping of pathogens into the river, which affects 4 units of sheep and cattle heads. The practice of livestock activity directly influences the economic income of families in the lower part of the watershed and explains in 4.12 soles and the main environmental pollutants affecting the water resource in the lower part of the watershed are fecal coliforms and arsenic at a high level.
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Lu, Yu, Fanbin Kong, Luchen Huang, Kai Xiong, Caiyao Xu, and Ben Wang. "Evaluation of the Implementation Effect of the Ecological Compensation Policy in the Poyang Lake River Basin Based on Difference-in-Difference Method." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 8667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158667.
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Watershed environments play an important supporting role in sustainable high-quality economic development in China, but they have been deteriorating. In order to solve environmental problems in the Poyang Lake River Basin brought about by economic development, the Jiangxi Provincial Government promulgated relevant river basin protection policies in 2015. However, after several years of this policy, the specific effects of its implementation are a matter of general concern to the government and academic circles. After years of policy implementation, the implementation effect of the watershed ecological compensation policy needs to be evaluated. Based on 4248 observations from the Jiangxi and Hunan Provinces, we adopt the difference-in-difference method to analyze the impact of the ecological compensation policy on the Poyang Lake River Basin. The empirical results show that the ecological compensation policy has a significant effect on water-quality improvement. Water quality in the upstream area is better than that in the downstream area; areas with small administrative areas have a smaller population, which in turn leads to better water quality in the river basin; and the higher the per capita GDP, the worse the water quality. Our results highlight the need for the following policy improvements: ecological priority, customizing measures to local conditions, tracing the main body, and strengthening supervision.
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Zelelew, Demlie, and Assefa Melesse. "Applicability of a Spatially Semi-Distributed Hydrological Model for Watershed Scale Runoff Estimation in Northwest Ethiopia." Water 10, no. 7 (July 12, 2018): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10070923.
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Estimation of runoff is vital forplanning activities in relation to integrated watershed management and flood protection measures. This research was conducted at one of the catchments in Abbay River (upper Blue Nile River) basin to assess the applicabilityof the Hydrologic Engineering Centre Hydrological Modelling Software (HEC-HMS) modelfor simulation of runoff. It was aimed at selecting the best loss and transform methods in the model, as well as testing the applicability of the calibrated model to ungauged watersheds. Two loss methods such as soil conservation service (SCS) and initial and constant methods with two transform methods including SCS and Clark unit hydrographs were considered in the study for selecting the best combinations applicable in the area. While comparing the simulation results of each combination, better results were obtained in the model set containing the initial and constant loss method and SCS unit hydrograph with a Nash-Sutcliff Efficiency (NSE) of 82.8%, R2 of 0.83, and 10.71% of relative bias errors, followed by initial and constant with Clarks unit hydrograph, and it can be used for similar ungauged watersheds.
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Li, Peng, Zhen He, Jianwu Cai, Jing Zhang, Marye Belete, Jinsong Deng, and Shizong Wang. "Identify the Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Watershed Sediment and Water Yields Dynamics." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 7590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137590.
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The construction of large-scale water reservoir facilities in transboundary river basins always arouses intense concern and controversy. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) under construction in Ethiopia is perceived to affect water security in Egypt and Sudan. Therefore, this study investigated the water and sediment balance of the Blue Nile River (BNR) basin and identified the spatio-temporal variation in sediment and water yields along with the construction of GERD using Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) sediment and water yield models. The BNR basin experienced increasing water and sediment yields between 1992 and 2020 and has shown a growth trend since 2020. The lion’s share of water and sediment yields come from upstream of the GERD. Taken together, these results imply that the construction of the GERD will serve as a water storage and silt trap for Sudan and Egypt.
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CAPRARIO, J., A. S. RECH, G. N. CAPRARIO, and A. R. FINOTTI. "Hydrossedimentological Simulation of the Quatorze River Watershed, Francisco Beltrão (Paraná, Brazil)." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ 40, no. 1 (November 30, 2017): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2017_01_102_114.
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CAPRARIO, J., A. S. RECH, G. N. CAPRARIO, and A. R. FINOTTI. "Hydrossedimentological Simulation of the Quatorze River Watershed, Francisco Beltrão (Paraná, Brazil)." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ 40, no. 1 (November 30, 2017): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2017_1_102_114.
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Ma, Yi, and Wei Jiang Zhang. "A Study on Joint Dispatching of Water Resource of the Dam System in Haoshuichuan Watershed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2077–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2077.
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On account of increasing contradiction between water for life, environment, agriculture and water supply in Haoshuichuan watershed, it constructs new projects for water diversion, pumping, transpiration and distribution on the base of current project layout. A unified deployment of water supply source is formed through 1 reservoir, 11 key dams and 15 medium-sized check dams which have been built in river basins. It establishes watershed water resources joint scheduling mode through application of optimization theory, and adopts MATLAB optimization toolbox for the solution of the model. The research result may provide decision-making basis for river basin agricultural layout, ecological restoration and sustainable economic development, also provide reference for joint scheduling of water sources in similar regions.
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Leta, Megersa Kebede, Tamene Adugna Demissie, and Jens Tränckner. "Hydrological Responses of Watershed to Historical and Future Land Use Land Cover Change Dynamics of Nashe Watershed, Ethiopia." Water 13, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 2372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172372.
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Land use land cover (LULC) change is the crucial driving force that affects the hydrological processes of a watershed. The changes of LULC have an important influence and are the main factor for monitoring the water balances. The assessment of LULC change is indispensable for sustainable development of land and water resources. Understanding the watershed responses to environmental changes and impacts of LULC classes on hydrological components is vigorous for planning water resources, land resource utilization, and hydrological balance sustaining. In this study, LULC effects on hydrological parameters of the Nashe watershed, Blue Nile River Basin are investigated. For this, historical and future LULC change scenarios in the Nashe watershed are implemented into a calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Five LULC scenarios have been developed that represent baseline, current, and future periods corresponding to the map of 1990, 2005, 2019, 2035, and 2050. The predicted increase of agricultural and urban land by decreasing mainly forest land will lead till 2035 to an increase of 2.33% in surface runoff and a decline in ground water flow, lateral flow, and evapotranspiration. Between 2035 and 2050, a gradual increase of grass land and range land could mitigate the undesired tendency. The applied combination of LULC prognosis with process-based hydrologic modeling provide valuable data about the current and future understanding of variation in hydrological parameters and assist concerned bodies to improve land and water management in formulating approaches to minimize the conceivable increment of surface runoff.
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Prawira, Mega Fitriani Adiwarna, Beta Budisetyorini, Deddy Adisudharma, Dicky Arsyul Salam, Wisi Wulandari, and Eko Susanto. "Development of Asahan River Tourism Activities in Support of National Tourism Strategic Area of Lake Toba." Journal of Tourism Sustainability 1, no. 2 (December 26, 2021): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/jtos.v1i2.15.
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Following up on the Development of The National Tourism Strategic Area of Lake Toba, which was directed in the study "Integrated Tourism Masterplan for Lake Toba" (ITMP Danau Toba) in 2018, one of which was the development of river-based natural tourism attractions allocated in the Asahan Watershed including Asahan Regency, Tanjung Balai Municipality, Toba Samosir Regency, and Simalungun Regency. Regarding the policy of river-based tourism attractions, this research is focused on developing river tourism activities that will have implications for the development of the natural attraction of the Asahan River. This study has produced a mixed method of sustainable tourism development strategies by prioritizing the benefits of the ecological, socio-economic and cultural environment. Development is directed towards packaging special interest tourism products following the characteristics of available resources.
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Zhang, Kaize, Juqin Shen, Han Han, and Jinglai Zhang. "Study of the Allocation of Regional Flood Drainage Rights in Watershed Based on Entropy Weight TOPSIS Model: A Case Study of the Jiangsu Section of the Huaihe River, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 13, 2020): 5020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145020.
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During the flood season, various regions in a watershed often have flood drainage conflicts, when the regions compete for flood drainage rights (FDR). In order to solve this problem, it is very necessary to study the allocation of FDR among various regions in the watershed. Firstly, this paper takes fairness, efficiency and sustainable development as the allocation principles, and comprehensively considers the differences of natural factors, social development factors, economic development factors and ecological environment factors in various regions. Then, an indicator system for allocation of FDR among regions in the watershed is established. Secondly, an entropy weight Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model is used to construct the FDR allocation model among regions in the watershed. Based on a harmony evaluation model, a harmony evaluation and comparison are carried out on the FDR allocation schemes under three different allocation principles. Finally, taking the Jiangsu section of the Huaihe River watershed as an example, the FDR of eight cities in the watershed are allocated and evaluated to see if the allocation scheme is harmonious. The results show that the allocation scheme of FDR based on the principles of fairness, efficiency and sustainable development has the highest degree of harmony, which can meet the FDR demands in various regions in the watershed, avoid the occurrence of flood drainage conflicts among regions, form an orderly flood drainage situation and promote the harmonious development of the watershed.
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Jiang, Xin, Yuyu Liu, and Ranhang Zhao. "A Framework for Ecological Compensation Assessment: A Case Study in the Upper Hun River Basin, Northeast China." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041205.
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With the rapid socio-economic development, human disturbances are believed to have resulted in the degradation of the watershed ecosystem. The ecological damage to and environmental pollution of river basins have caused great losses. It is widely agreed upon that the protection and restoration of river ecosystems should be on the agenda. Ecological compensation, an important tool to prevent the deterioration of water environments and achieve sustainable watershed development, has attracted increasing interest as a research subject. In this study, the upper reach of Hun River basin was selected as a typical study area. The primary purpose was to determine the allocation costs of ecological compensation in different regions for the river basin. The amount of willingness-to-pay (WTP) for the eco-compensation was estimated at 3.2 million dollars by the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Based on linear programming techniques, a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) created a primary value of the allocation costs. Considering the different weights of each region, a modified coefficient was introduced to correct the primary result on the basis of a questionnaire survey of river ecological protection and construction.
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El Gohary, Rasha, and Sameh Armanious. "Environmental Impact Assessment for Projects in the Nile Basin Countries." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2017): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n5p134.
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a key aspect of many large-scale planning applications. It is a technique which is meant to help in understanding the potential environmental impacts of major development proposals. Unfortunately, the process and the outcome of EIA can be complex and confusing, leaving local communities unsure as to how a development might affect them. The objective of this research is to provide a strategic environmental framework for the environmentally sustainable development of the Nile River Basin, to improve the understanding of the relationship between water resources development and environmental conservation in the Basin, and to provide a forum to discuss development paths for the Nile with a wide range of stakeholders. Focusing on transboundary issues provides the riparian countries with a major opportunity to make significant progress towards their economic and environmental goals in ways that have proved difficult to achieve independently. In addition, the paper analyzes some EIAs carried into Egypt, which share the Nile as a common environmental resource with the other Nile basin countries, and discusses how improvements of guidelines and unification of legislation can improve cooperation among these countries. Finally, the paper recommends an EIA process revision to be implemented for effective EIA practice in the Nile Basin Countries.
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Ritabulan, Ritabulan, Rosmaeni Rosmaeni, and Nurmaranti Alim. "Status Keberlanjutan Pengelolaan Das Mandar Di Sulawesi Barat, Indonesia." Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan 19, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jakk.2022.19.2.101-116.
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Mandar River is an important cultural entity for the Mandar community in West Sulawesi, in fact, faces threats such as floods and landslides. To support the government's efforts in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the management of Mandar Watershed needs to integrate the ecological, economic, social, institutional, and technological dimensions. This study aims to: (1) measure the status of the sustainability of the Mandar Watershed; and (2) identify the factors that influence the sustainability of the Mandar watershed management. This research used the method of observation, interviews, documentation study, and literature review. Data analysis used a descriptive analysis approach and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis with analysis tools suc as rapfish / rapDASMandar. The results showed that the sustainability status of watershed management in the ecological dimension was quite sustainable; on the social and institutional dimensions, it is categorized as less sustainable; and in the economic and technological dimensions, the upstream and middle Mandar sub-watersheds are categorized as less sustainable. The multidimensional sustainability status of Mandar watershed management is categorized as less sustainable. There are 13 factors that need attention to improve the sustainability status of Mandar watershed management, especially in the technological, institutional, and social dimensions.
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Zhang, Jian, Yi-Cheng Fu, Wan-Li Shi, and Wen-Xian Guo. "A method for estimating watershed restoration feasibility under different treatment levels." Water Supply 17, no. 5 (February 27, 2017): 1232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.017.
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The restoration of watershed health can be influenced by ecological, technical and socio-economic factors. The paper presents a conceptual framework and typology to assess watershed ecological restoration based on the properties and processes of sustainable watershed development. According to multiple life stages, habitat properties and existing legal frameworks and applicable valuation approaches, the bio-indicator that integrates natural, political and socio-economic dimensions is proposed. With existing assessment results and official web-pages as references, evaluation systems concerning human impacts on aquatic systems are set forth. Suitable aquatic bio-indicators can standardize the monitoring methodology with respect to water quality, organic pollutants and pesticides, generation time, migration ability, saprobic status, taxonomic composition and diversity. A large number of fish-based indexes have been developed to monitor and manage river ecosystems. Biophysical and statistical models are being used to identify influential stream variables that correlate with macroinvertebrate indices. A probabilistic fuzzy hybrid model to assess river water quality is proposed. The method and process of ecological risk assessment are provided based on adaptive management principles. The environmental sustainability index (ESI) is used to estimate the degree of environmental restoration sustainability with the emergy triangle as a reference.
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Bao, Haijun, Chengcheng Wang, Lu Han, Shaohua Wu, Liming Lou, Baogen Xu, and Yanfang Liu. "Resources and Environmental Pressure, Carrying Capacity, And Governance: A Case Study of Yangtze River Economic Belt." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041576.
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The analysis of the relationship between regional resources and environment and human activities plays an important role in sustainable regional development. This study proposes the pressure–capacity–governance (PCG) model, an analytic framework for the assessment of the resources and environmental pressure (REP), carrying capacity (RECC) and governance (REG) levels over a large watershed scale, with the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) as the study area. A limiting factor analysis is used to recognize the limiting factors of the regional RECC. The coupling analysis of resources and environmental pressure–capacity–governance identifies the regional potential and utilization direction. The research results are as follows. (1) The REP, RECC and REG levels of the YREB exhibit spatial differences. The REPs of the upper reaches are lower than those of the lower reaches, which does not match the RECC but matches the REG levels. (2) The proportions of unused land, water resources, and atmospheric environmental quality are the main limiting factors of the regional RECC. (3) The PCG analysis framework is used as the basis to divide the YREB into several subareas to analyse the resources and environmental potential carrying capacity and utilization direction of different types of region. This research may provide decision-making references for regional sustainable development at the large watershed scale.
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Duan, Yucong, Jie Tang, Zhaoyang Li, Yao Yang, Ce Dai, Yunke Qu, and Hang Lv. "Optimal Planning and Management of Land Use in River Source Region: A Case Study of Songhua River Basin, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (May 28, 2022): 6610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116610.
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Adjusting land use is a practical way to protect the ecosystem, but protecting water resources by optimizing land use is indirect and complex. The vegetation, soil, and rock affected by land use are important components of forming the water cycle and obtaining clean water sources. The focus of this study is to discuss how to optimize the demands and spatial patterns of different land use types to strengthen ecological and water resources protection more effectively. This study can also provide feasible watershed planning and policy suggestions for managers, which is conducive to the integrity of the river ecosystem and the sustainability of water resources. A watershed-scale land use planning framework integrating a hydrological model and a land use model is established. After quantifying the water retention value of land use types through a hydrological model, a multi-objective land use demands optimization model under various development scenarios is constructed. Moreover, a regional study was completed in the source area of the Songhua River in Northeast China to verify the feasibility of the framework. The results show that the method can be used to optimize land use requirements and obtain future land use maps. The water retention capacity of forestland is strong, about 2500–3000 m3/ha, and there are differences among different forest types. Planning with a single objective of economic development will expand the area of cities and cultivated land, and occupy forests, while multi-objective planning considering ecological and water source protection tends to occupy cultivated land. In the management of river headwaters, it is necessary to establish important forest reserves and strengthen the maintenance of restoration forests. Blindly expanding forest area is not an effective way to protect river headwaters. In conclusion, multi-objective land use planning can effectively balance economic development and water resources protection, and find the limits of urban expansion and key areas of ecological barriers.
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Shekar, Padala Raja. "Rainfall-Runoff Modelling of a River Basin Using HEC HMS: A Review Study." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 506–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38004.
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Abstract: A hydrological model helps in understanding of the hydrological processes and useful to measure water resources for effective water resources management. Hydrological cycle describes evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection of earth water and on again. Hydrological models have been used in different watersheds across the world. The runoff estimation process is the most complex in nature that depends on the meteorological data and also on the various watershed physical parameters. To generate runoff data for a particular watershed it is needed to find out various parameters related to precipitation models. The HEC HMS (a Centre for Hydrological Engineering and Hydrological Modelling Systems introduced by the US Army Corps of Engineers) is a popularly used watershed model to simulate rainfall runoff process. The input variables used by hydrological models are rainfall data, runoff data, wind speed, relative humidity, soil type, catchment properties, hydrogeology and other properties. The Hydrological Modeling can also be an event based or may be continuous. This model is used to predict future impacts of the climate changes on the runoff of River basin and it is used to simulate runoff in ungauged watershed. This literature review represents that application of rainfall runoff modelling using HEC HMS is helpful in prediction of flood, water management and socio-economic development as well as food security. Keywords: HEC-HMS, hydrological modeling, rainfall-runoff simulation, soil type.
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Tolera, Mesfin Benti, and Il-Moon Chung. "Integrated Hydrological Analysis of Little Akaki Watershed Using SWAT-MODFLOW, Ethiopia." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 28, 2021): 6011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136011.
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In Ethiopia, groundwater is the main source of freshwater to support human consumption and socio-economic development. Little Akaki watershed is located in Upper Awash basin, known for its high annual rainfall and considered as the potential groundwater recharge zone. On the contrary, urbanization and industrial expansion are increasing at an alarming rate in the area. This became a concern threatening the groundwater resources’ sustainability. To address these challenges, integrated analysis of groundwater recharge and groundwater numerical simulations were made. For groundwater recharge estimation, SWAT model was used. The result indicated that recharge in the watershed mostly occurs from July to October with maximum values in August. On average, the estimated annual catchment recharge was 179 mm. For the numerical simulation and prediction of the groundwater flow system, MODFLOW 2005 was used. The model simulations indicated that the groundwater head converges towards the main river and, finally, to the outlet of the watershed. The study indicated areas of interactions between the river and groundwater. The scenario examination result reveals increasing the present pumping rate by over fifty percent (by 50%, 100%, and 200%) will surely cause visible groundwater head decline near the outlet of the watershed, and substantial river baseflow reduction. The recharge reduction scenario also indicates the huge risk of groundwater sustainability in the area.
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Zhong, Xue, Xiaohui Jiang, Leilei Li, Jing Xu, and Huanyu Xu. "The Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sediment Load: A Case Study of the Yanhe River Watershed." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 2457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062457.
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Under the influence of climate change and human activities, sediment load in rivers has changed significantly, which has a profound impact on the stability of ecosystems and the sustainable development of human beings. Taking the Yanhe River watershed as a case, this paper expounds the dynamic relationship among the Grain for Green Project, social and economic development, population migration, and sediment transport. The variability of sediment load was detected by Pettitt test, the double cumulative curve method, and the regression analysis method, and the effects of climate and human activities on sediment load were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that 1) from 1956 to 2016, the precipitation of Yanhe River watershed rose slightly in the past 10 years, but the sediment load decreased significantly; 1996 was identified as the catastrophic year of the study period, when the contribution of climate change and human activity to reduced sediment load was 14.1% and 85.9%, respectively. 2) The Grain for Green Project increased the vegetation coverage of the study area from 40.6% to 78.5%. 3) The proportion of agricultural GDP in total GDP decreased from 52.26% to 7.3%, and the proportion of agricultural GDP was positively correlated with sediment transport and cultivated land area (p < 0.01). 4) Population migration resulted in the urbanization rate reaching 40.23%, and the urbanization rate is negatively correlated with sediment load and cultivated land area (p < 0.01), while the cultivated land area is positively correlated with sediment load (p < 0.01). The decrease of cultivated land area makes the sediment load gradually decrease. Therefore, socio-economic factors promote the sustainable development of the river basin.
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Meng, Chong, Siyang Zhou, and Wei Li. "An Optimization Model for Water Management under the Dual Constraints of Water Pollution and Water Scarcity in the Fenhe River Basin, North China." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 10835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910835.
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Sustainable watershed development suffers from severe challenges, such as water pollution and water scarcity. Based on an analysis of water quality and water utilization in the Fenhe River Basin, an inexact two-stage stochastic programming model with downside-risk aversion was built for optimal water resource allocations for the four primary water use sectors (industry, domestic use, agriculture, and the environment) in the Fenhe River Basin. The model aims to maximize the comprehensive watershed benefits, including water benefits, water costs, water treatment costs, and downside risks. The constraints are water quality, available water resources, and sectoral demands in different hydrological scenarios. The results show that pollutant emissions decrease as risk-aversion levels increase and show the opposite trend in the midstream and downstream areas. The increase in water resource allocation for agriculture and reduction in ecological water indicate that agriculture suffered the greatest water shortage and risk. Improving water recycling and coordinating the transferred water resources increases the comprehensive benefits and reduces sectoral risks. The model effectively manages rational water allocations under dual constraints and provides support for coordinating socio-economic development and environmental protection in the river basin.
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Mumbi, Anne Wambui, and Li Fengting. "Exploring changes in water use patterns, demand and stress along the Nile River Basin through the lens of Kenya and Egypt." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 11 (2020): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19396.
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Noting the geopolitical implications of water demand and stress issues on water resources worldwide, this study investigated water demand, changes in water use patterns and water stress developments in the Nile Basin transboundary water resource by comparing Egypt and Kenya. Using an integrative literature review, the study summarises past research, drawing overall conclusions and highlighting unresolved issues. The findings demonstrate increased water withdrawals and a growing unmet demand in both countries. In addition to changing water use patterns towards municipal and industrial use, hydropower development in Kenya and navigation in Egypt are being driven by factors such as heightened upstream use, population growth and settlement patterns, economic development and climate change. In addition, spatial distribution of water stress was demonstrated, whereby downstream countries such as Egypt remain critically vulnerable, although upper riparian countries such as Kenya are gradually also facing emerging water stress problems. This water stress and its spatial distribution are being driven by supply–demand imbalances related to population growth and economic development, escalating upstream water use, deteriorating water quality, inefficient and ineffective water use and climate change. The findings inform a discussion of the crucial socioeconomic, geopolitical and policy implications for riparian countries in the Nile Basin and other transboundary water resources worldwide.
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Bayissa, Yared, Semu Moges, Assefa Melesse, Tsegaye Tadesse, Anteneh Z. Abiy, and Abeyou Worqlul. "Multi-Dimensional Drought Assessment in Abbay/Upper Blue Nile Basin: The Importance of Shared Management and Regional Coordination Efforts for Mitigation." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (May 8, 2021): 1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091835.
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Drought is one of the least understood and complex natural hazards often characterized by a significant decrease in water availability for a prolonged period. It can be manifested in one or more forms as meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and/or socio-economic drought. The overarching objective of this study is to demonstrate and characterize the different forms of droughts and to assess the multidimensional nature of drought in the Abbay/ Upper Blue Nile River (UBN) basin and its national and regional scale implications. In this study, multiple drought indices derived from in situ and earth observation-based hydro-climatic variables were used. The meteorological drought was characterized using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) computed from the earth observation-based gridded CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station) rainfall data. Agricultural and hydrological droughts were characterized by using the Soil Moisture Deficit Index (SMDI) and Standardized Runoff-discharge Index (SRI), respectively. The monthly time series of SMDI was derived from model-based gridded soil moisture and SRI from observed streamflow data from 1982 to 2019. The preliminary result illustrates the good performance of the drought indices in capturing the historic severe drought events (e.g., 1984 and 2002) and the spatial extents across the basin. The results further indicated that all forms of droughts (i.e., meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological) occurred concurrently in Abbay/Upper Blue Nile basin with a Pearson correlation coefficient ranges from 0.5 to 0.85 both Kiremt and annual aggregate periods. The concurrent nature of drought is leading to a multi-dimensional socio-economic crisis as indicated by rainfall, and soil moisture deficits, and drying of small streams. Multi-dimensional drought mitigation necessitates regional cooperation and watershed management to protect both the common water sources of the Abbay/Upper Blue Nile basin and the socio-economic activities of the society in the basin. This study also underlines the need for multi-scale drought monitoring and management practices in the basin.
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Sulaksono, Hery Budi, Gusfan Halik, and Retno Utami Agung Wiyono. "Performance Assessment of Bondoyudo Watershed Management." UKaRsT 5, no. 1 (April 3, 2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v5i1.1429.
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Continues decrease of vegetation will result in a high erosion and sedimentation rate in the Bondoyudo watershed. This will result in reduced water retention capacity and accelerate land degradation. This study aims to monitor and evaluate the performance conditions of the Bondoyudo watershed according to the assessment parameters of the weighting criteria, which include land criteria, water management criteria, socio-economic criteria, water construction investment criteria, and space utilization criteria. Information about the upper part, middle part, and lower part of Bondoyudo River is collected from primary data, secondary data, and analysis results. The score of the watershed evaluation's carrying capacity is obtained from the results of the analysis from each weighting and scoring value of each criterion and sub-criteria. Watershed performance classifications are obtained by adding up the scores of each criterion. The watershed classification's total score is 103.25, which is classified as a medium recovery level category. It necessary to manage and restore the carrying capacity of the Bondoyudo watershed in supporting the development of water resources so that there is no decline in the performance of the Bondoyudowathersed. Recommended activity plans are water resources conservation, and utilization integrated control and involving stakeholders in watershed management
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Liu, Guangsheng. "An empirical research on the relationship between water quality, climate change and economic development in Jiulong River Watershed." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 356 (October 28, 2019): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/356/1/012015.
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Purwitaningsih, Santika, Adjie Pamungkas, Prima Tama Setyasa, Rahel Putri Pamungkas, Ahmad Rizky Alfian, and Shafira Aulia Rosyida Irawan. "Flood-reduction scenario based on land use in Kedurus river basin using SWAT hydrology model." Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 7, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.7.2.87-94.
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The rapid growth population phenomenon has causes excessive land demand for residential and economic activity. Moreover, the rapid urbanization also increases the contribution of land constrains. Land conversion from conservation to cultivation uses affects the surface runoff volume that leads to flooding. According to these problems, it is necessary to take steps to control flood in Kedurus Watershed. One of the proper urban development concept is the Water Sensitive City (WSC). The protection against flood in WSC can be accomplished with the land use arrangement that can reduces the surface runoff. The aim of this research is to determine the proper land use scenario to reduce floods in Kedurus Watershed. In order to reach this aim, the writer uses sensitivity analysis to identify the proper land use scenario to be applied in the watershed and SWAT to select the best scenario. The efforts to reduce flood through the land use scenario (scenario 2) could reduce the flood volume by 44,320.32 m3 or 8.11% of the total volume of flood in the area. The average reduction of flood volume in each sub basins is 12,92% and the highest number of reduction is 65,67% (sub basin 22).