Academic literature on the topic 'Economic development – Nile River Watershed'
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Journal articles on the topic "Economic development – Nile River Watershed"
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Lee, Yoon, Taeyeon Yoon, and Yongsuk Hong. "Is Sustainable Watershed Management Feasible under Climate Change? An Economic Appraisal of the Nile River." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010162.
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Historically, the Nile, a well-known transboundary river, has been a major contributor to Egyptian economic growth in many ways but has suffered from sediment accumulation. Since anthropocentric activities on the Nile delta heavily rely on nutrient-rich sediment from the Ethiopian highland, sediment control schemes in the Aswan High Dam not only prolong the life of the dam but also increase the economic value of the watershed. The purpose of our study is to use an economic optimization approach to evaluate the feasibility of sustainable management of the Nile concerning climate change. The model considers significant anthropocentric effects on the reservoir as well as the impacts of climate change on the entire watershed. Moreover, the social planner’s model is developed to unravel somewhat numerous externalities. The results indicate that among the various technically feasible sediment removal schemes, the hydro-suction sediment removal system (HSRS) is the only desirable solution under severe climate change. In order to control the negative externalities in the watershed, the in-stream flow control should be applied. By implementing appropriate management schemes simultaneously, the life of the AHD can be extended, and the total economic benefits of the entire watershed can be maximized to approximately $272 billion USD.
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Ramadan, Elsayed M., Heba F. Abdelwahab, Zuzana Vranayova, Martina Zelenakova, and Abdelazim M. Negm. "Optimization-Based Proposed Solution for Water Shortage Problems: A Case Study in the Ismailia Canal, East Nile Delta, Egypt." Water 13, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182481.
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Water conflicts in transboundary watersheds are significantly exacerbated by insufficient freshwater sources and high water demands. Due to its increasing population and various development projects, as well as current and potential water shortages, Egypt is one of the most populated and impacted countries in Africa and the Middle East in terms of water scarcity. With good future planning, modeling will help to solve water scarcity problems in the Ismailia canal, which is one of the most significant branches of the Nile River. Many previous studies of the Nile river basin depended on quality modeling and hydro-economic models which had policy or system control constraints. To overcome this deficit position and number, the East Nile Delta area was investigated using LINDO (linear interactive, and discrete optimizer) software; a mathematical model with physical constraints (mass balances); and ArcGIS software for canals and water demands from the agriculture sector, which is expected to face a water shortage. Using the total capital (Ismailia canal, groundwater, and water reuse) and total demand for water from different industries, the software measures the shortage area and redistributes the water according to demand node preferences (irrigation, domestic, and industrial water demands). At the irrigation network’s end, a water deficit of 789.81 MCM/year was estimated at Al-Salhiya, Ismailia, El Qantara West, Fayed, and Port Said. The model was then run through three scenarios: (1) the Ismailia Canal Lining’s effect, (2) surface water’s impact, and (3) groundwater’s impact. Water scarcity was proportional to lining four sections at a length of 61.0 km, which is considered to be optimal—based on the simulation which predicts that the Ismailia canal head flow will rise by 15%, according to scenarios—and the most effective way to reduce water scarcity in the face of climate change and limited resources as a result of the increasing population and built-in industrial projects in Egypt.
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Herrer Fernández, Sara. "Water conflict analysis: The Nile River dispute." Análisis Jurídico - Político 4, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 83–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/26655489.5877.
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The Nile River Basin is the source of life of Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, and Upstream countries, principally as water for agriculture and hydropower. The resource is the focus of much contested development between downstream and upstream countries. In recent years, largely due to climate change and rapid population growth, there has been an increasing level of conflict related to water scarcity and the consequent aggravation of food insecurity. Additionally, transboundary masses of water have an even more complex water management, becoming one of the main geopolitical issues of today. This conflict is the result of the ambition of the main riparian countries, notably Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia and other upstream nations, to claim a greater share of the water supplies available in the watershed. That is precisely why a cooperative Game theory provides valuable insights into strategic disputes over water resources. In this paper, non-cooperative strategies are assessed to determine the possible outcomes of the dispute.
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Li, Wenzhao, Hesham El-Askary, Venkat Lakshmi, Thomas Piechota, and Daniele Struppa. "Earth Observation and Cloud Computing in Support of Two Sustainable Development Goals for the River Nile Watershed Countries." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (April 28, 2020): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091391.
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In September 2015, the members of United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with universal applicability of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets. The SDGs are consequential for the development of the countries in the Nile watershed, which are affected by water scarcity and experiencing rapid urbanization associated with population growth. Earth Observation (EO) has become an important tool to monitor the progress and implementation of specific SDG targets through its wide accessibility and global coverage. In addition, the advancement of algorithms and tools deployed in cloud computing platforms provide an equal opportunity to use EO for developing countries with limited technological capacity. This study applies EO and cloud computing in support of the SDG 6 “clean water and sanitation” and SDG 11 “sustainable cities and communities” in the seven Nile watershed countries through investigations of EO data related to indicators of water stress (Indicator 6.4.2) and urbanization and living conditions (Indicators 11.3.1 and 11.1.1), respectively. Multiple approaches including harmonic, time series and correlational analysis are used to assess and evaluate these indicators. In addition, a contemporary deep-learning classifier, fully convolution neural networks (FCNN), was trained to classify the percentage of impervious surface areas. The results show the spatial and temporal water recharge pattern among different regions in the Nile watershed, as well as the urbanization in selected cities of the region. It is noted that the classifier trained from the developed countries (i.e., the United States) is effective in identifying modern communities yet limited in monitoring rural and slum regions.
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Paraguassú-Chaves, Carlos Alberto, Fabio Robson Casara Cavalcante, Gilmara Ferreira de Lima, Ana Maria Morais da Fonseca Cavalcante, Carla Dolezel Trindade, Simão Aznar Filho, Ruy Drummont Smith, Simão Dolezel Aznar, and Fabrício Moraes de Almeida. "Watershed Level Sustainable Development Index in Rondônia, Western Amazon." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 283–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol10.iss9.3908.
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Objective: to build a sustainable development index for the river basins of Rondônia, using factor analysis as an analytical model. Method: factor analysis was used as a tool for building environmental, economic, social and institutional performance indices. The adapted FECAM classification scale was adopted to express the results achieved by each river basin. Results: The set of current sustainable performance indices for the Mamoré River watersheds (0.444) was considered a low index, although the best compared to other basins; the Madeira River (0.419, low index); the Guaporé River (0.378, low index); the Machado River (0.289, low index); the Jamari River (0.307, low index) and the Roosevelt River (0.227, low index). There has been a really insignificant improvement in the rates from 10 years ago. Conclusions: the factor analysis showed efficiency as a multivariate statistical method in the construction of sustainable development indices for the river basins of Rondônia. The management of watersheds is still very ineffective, despite being regulated by state law. It is highly recommended to institutionalize regional public policies in the form of a Master Plan for the Rondônia Watershed.
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E.H., Osman, Gumaa Y.S.A., and Elhag A.M.H. "Land Cover/Land Use Trends along the Blue Nile River Blue Nile State – Sudan." IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) 13, no. 1 (February 6, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jas.v13.n1.p1.
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<p>The study focused on quantifying the extent and sources of the deterioration of the vegetation cover of the study area at the Sudanese Blue Nile watershed in relation to agriculture extension policy, inefficient management and Lack of governmental policy. </p><p>The Research was based on forest and vegetation inventory and soil analysis to determine the current situation using ground survey, forest inventory and remote sensing data as well as secondary information from other sources to cover historical records from 1990 to 2015.</p><p>The results showed a significant change in natural ecosystems during the study period due to the change in the land use patterns. The Closed forests, open forests, and rural settlement areas were found to decrease by -90%, -43% and -32% respectively during the period (1990-2000). This negative trend was reflected in a positive trend showed by expansion in agriculture (+267%), horticulture (+73%), bare land (144%), and urban areas (12%). During the period (2010-2015), which was the civil war period, the area of closed forests, open forests and urban areas were increased, in comparison to that of 1990-2000) by 201,10, and 247% respectively, while that of agriculture, Rural areas, and bare lands is negative (-51, -54 and -68% respectively).</p><p>The major factor for the change is mainly attributed to the migration of rural people towards urban areas due to civil war and economic crises. In addition, it is expected that there are other factors such as the absence of clear plans and coordination between concerned government authorities, at local and national levels, which may need further investigations and studies to clear the whole picture.</p>
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Aldhila, Adang, Hardi Warsono, Sri Suwitri, and Retno Sunu Astuti. "Management of Slum Settlements based on Sustainable Development in the Deli Watershed of Medan City." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (May 27, 2021): 2791–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1988.
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The population in urban areas continues to increase while the land owned is limited which results in slum settlements in urban areas. Slum settlements in Medan City often appear in areas where buildings should not be allowed, such as in watersheds. Deli River as a large river that divides Medan City, there are still many slum settlements in the watershed. Management of slum settlements based on sustainable development is needed to provide a long-term impact, especially for the preservation and restoration of the function of the Deli River. This study aims to analyze the management of slum settlements based on sustainable development indicators in achieving sustainable development, namely ecological sustainability, economic sustainability, socio-cultural sustainability, political sustainability, and defense and security sustainability. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Sources of research data by collecting primary data through interviews and secondary data through documentation and observation studies. The management of slum settlements based on sustainable development in the Deli watershed is still not optimal in terms of ecological sustainability, economic sustainability, and defense and security sustainability. Meanwhile, socio-cultural sustainability and political sustainability are quite optimal. The government must manage slum settlements based on sustainable development through an approach with the community and provide viable housing alternatives so that people do not live in watershed areas.
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Liu, Wen, Long Ma, and Jilili Abuduwaili. "Potentially Toxic Elements in Oasis Agricultural Soils Caused by High-Intensity Exploitation in the Piedmont Zone of the Tianshan Mountains, China." Agriculture 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2021): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11121234.
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Considering the pollution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the soils of China, the present study analyzed the current state and influencing factors of PTEs in oasis soils using the model of absolute principal component score–multiple linear regression in the piedmont zone of the Tianshan Mountains. The possible non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of PTEs at current concentrations were also explored using a human-health risk-assessment model. The results suggested that the extent to which potentially toxic elements in the soils of different geographical units in the study area is affected by human activities varies considerably. The PTEs Cd and As in the soils of the Yili River Watershed were the most strongly influenced by human activities, reaching levels of 40% and 59%, respectively. However, in the Bortala River Watershed, Cu, Cd, and As were the most strongly influenced by human activities, reaching levels of 33%, 64%, and 76%, respectively. Geographical units with a high degree of economic development (e.g., the Yili River Watershed) had, in contrast, low levels of PTE pollution caused by human activities, which may be related to the regional economic development structure. The human health risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of PTEs are currently below the threshold. However, increasing the arsenic content to 1.78 times the current level in the Bortala River Watershed would lead to carcinogenic risk. For the Yili River Watershed, a 3.33-fold increase in the arsenic content above its current level would lead to a carcinogenic risk. This risk should be addressed, and targeted environmental-protection measures should be formulated. The present research results will provide important decision support for regional environmental protection.
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Sène, A. M., S. Bonin, and O. Soubeyran. "Watershed regulation and local action: analysis of the Senegal River watershed management by a regional organisation and public participation." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 4, no. 3 (June 28, 2007): 1917–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-4-1917-2007.
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Abstract. Several social scientists have dealt with the usefulness of a participative approach in development plans. The call for sustainable development has increased the focus on this type of approach in a very classical way, which is the case for the creation of new water tanks. Most of these scientists have also pinpointed the major difficulties and failures faced during the execution of this new approach in developing countries. This study is a concrete example which underlines the lack of this type of approach as far as water management in the Senegal River is concerned, mainly in relation to watershed. We base our study on the analysis and criticism of the regional organization OMVS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River) which is in charge of water management in the Senegal River. The results of the study can, therefore, be summed up as follows: (i) An on-site direct observation, individual interviews, group discussion and information analysis point out the lack of participation of local people in water management in the Senegal River and, in general, the harmful socio-economic impacts resulting from it. (ii) The reasons for this lack of participative approach are mainly due to the model set up by the OMVS in terms of water management in the Senegal River, a model that has excluded or tackled in a very light way the issue of public participation in decision-making through out its juridical and regulation instruments. (iii) Elements of consideration on some measures, which could possibly improve the level of participation of local people in river water management.
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Ayele, Gebiaw, Engidasew Teshale, Bofu Yu, Ian Rutherfurd, and Jaehak Jeong. "Streamflow and Sediment Yield Prediction for Watershed Prioritization in the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia." Water 9, no. 10 (October 12, 2017): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w9100782.
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Inappropriate use of land and poor ecosystem management have accelerated land degradation and reduced the storage capacity of reservoirs. To mitigate the effect of the increased sediment yield, it is important to identify erosion-prone areas in a 287 km2 catchment in Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to: (1) assess the spatial variability of sediment yield; (2) quantify the amount of sediment delivered into the reservoir; and (3) prioritize sub-catchments for watershed management using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using SUFI-2, GLUE, ParaSol, and PSO SWAT-CUP optimization algorithms. For most of the SWAT-CUP simulations, the observed and simulated river discharge were not significantly different at the 95% level of confidence (95PPU), and sources of uncertainties were captured by bracketing more than 70% of the observed data. This catchment prioritization study indicated that more than 85% of the sediment was sourced from lowland areas (slope range: 0–8%) and the variation in sediment yield was more sensitive to the land use and soil type prevailing in the area regardless of the terrain slope. Contrary to the perception of the upland as an important source of sediment, the lowland in fact was the most important source of sediment and should be the focus area for improved land management practice to reduce sediment delivery into storage reservoirs. The research also showed that lowland erosion-prone areas are typified by extensive agriculture, which causes significant modification of the landscape. Tillage practice changes the infiltration and runoff characteristics of the land surface and interaction of shallow groundwater table and saturation excess runoff, which in turn affects the delivery of water and sediment to the reservoir and catchment evapotranspiration.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic development – Nile River Watershed"
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Smith, Heather M. "At a watershed : the emerging relationship between river basin management planning and development planning in Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=174697.
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This project has explored the implementation of an integrative and collaborative policy _ vision in a real world setting - the emerging relationship between the river basin management planning (RBMP) and development planning regimes in Scotland. This relationship fits comfortably with some of the latest paradigms in the fields of water management and land use planning. Both fields espouse the need for greater integration and collaboration, particularly within and between public sector organisations. Such approaches are often portrayed as key to achieving ambitions for sustainability. The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) places particular emphasis on building linkages between water management and land use planning systems. There is growing understanding that such linkages can emerge as a patchwork of overlapping and interrelated institutions. However, there is still limited empirical understanding of such institutional relationships and what they mean in practical terms for those involved. This project's approach is based in interpretive policy analysis, and it has explored how various public bodies have constructed different understandings of this emerging relationship - what it is, how it works, and why it is needed. Methods included analyses of key documents, as well as in-depth interviews, primarily with RBMP and planning staff from local authorities, SEPA and other agencies. The findings show that the locus of the relationship is 'downshifting' towards lower levels of the planning regime - i.e. local development plans, and development management. In keeping with this, some higher level issues - such as the wider tradeoffs between enabling new development and ensuring the protection and improvement of the water environment - are not being discussed in this context. This pattern is shaped by wider socio-political aims, such as the government's central purpose of increasing sustainable economic growth. These findings support the need for higher-level interactions in which these wider aims can be discussed and debated.
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Sok, Serey. "Institutional development and the socio-economic resilience of the riverine rural communities in the Lower Meking Basin, Cambodia." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/52.
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This thesis aims to improve the socio-economic resilience of the riverine communities in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB), Cambodia, through enhancing the institutional development of aspects of advantages and risks, factors of unsustainable livelihoods, engagement of external and local institutions, and external dependency. Three hypotheses are tested: (1) livelihoods are highly influenced by assets, poverty, food insecurity, hazards and local trans-boundary influences; (2) existing external and local institutions have failed to improve adaptation and resilience; and, (3) development programmes are ineffective due to insufficient funding by the central government and the short-term policies of Non-governmental Organization (NGOs). This research hinges on dependency theory, concepts of adaptation and resilience, and a sustainable livelihood framework. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were employed as the main research methods. The Upper, Middle, and Lower stretches of the Mekong River were selected as case studies. The research discovered four main findings: (1) livelihoods in the LMB have proven unsustainable in the periods 2001-10 and 2011-20, with high rates of poverty and food insecurity due to heterogeneous growth; lack of rural diversification; insufficient assets; inappropriate strategies; and the impacts of environmental and socio-economic change; (2) neither external nor local institutions were able to reify the capacity of the villagers to adapt to shock and stress resulting from floods, drought, and high food prices: nor could they improve resilience to declines in water-related resources, i.e., water, fisheries and forestry; (3) external institutional support for sustainable livelihood development has proven ineffective due to insufficient government funds,high aid dependency and fragmentation, incoherence of development agendas, and unclear Decentralization & Deconcentration (D&D) mechanisms; and, (4) as the main local institutions, Commune Councils (CoCs) have been weakly established with inadequate human and financial resources; poor private partnerships; limited authority in decision-making, and high dependency on external support. Hypothesis 1 is partially rejected but hypotheses 2 and 3 are proven. The research has also contributed to the extant academic literature, namely in the areas of sustainable livelihoods frameworks, and concepts of adaption and resilience. In the interests of realising socio-economic resilience of the riverine communities in the LMB, the future efforts of governments, international donors, NGOs and CoCs should be directed towards: (1) alleviating poverty and food insecurity; (2) strengthening the capacity of adaption and resilience; and, (3) reducing external dependency. In particular, external institutions should fully support CoCs and the communities with long-term capacity building through on-job training, agricultural extension services, and private sector participation.
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Jacobs, Inga M. "Norms and transboundary co-operation in Africa : the cases of the Orange-Senqu and Nile rivers." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2139.
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The inter-scalar interaction of norms is pervasive in African hydropolitics due to the nature of freshwater on the continent – shared, strategic and that which necessitates cooperation. However, with few exceptions, particular norms created at specific levels of scale have been researched in isolation of those existing at other levels. It is argued that this exclusionary approach endangers the harmonised and integrated development of international water law and governance, producing sub-optimal cooperative strategies. The notable contributions of Ken Conca and the Maryland School’s research on the contestation of norms occurring at different levels of scale, and Anthony Turton’s Hydropolitical Complex (HPC), will be examined through a Constructivist theoretical lens, in terms of their applicability to furthering an understanding of multi-level normative frameworks. Through the use of the Orange-Senqu River basin, and the Nile Equatorial Lakes sub-basin (NELSB) as case studies, it is argued that norm convergence is possible, and is occurring in both case studies analysed, although to varying degrees as a result of different causal factors and different biophysical, historical, socio-political and cultural contexts. This is demonstrated through an examination of regional dynamics and domestic political milieus. Notwithstanding their varying degrees of water demand, Orange-Senqu and NELSB riparians present fairly different political identities, each containing existing constellations of norms, which have affected the ways in which they have responded to the influence of external norms, how the norm is translated at the local level and to what extent it is incorporated into state policy. In so doing, the interface between international norms and regional/domestic norms will be explored in an attempt to understand which norms gain acceptance and why. It is therefore advocated that a multi-level interpretation of norm development in Africa’s hydropolitics is essential to an understanding of the interconnectedness of context, interests and identities. Each level of scale, from the international to the subnational, give meaning to how norms are translated and socialised, and how they in turn, transform contexts.
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Hoyer, Robert Wesley. "Scenario Development and Analysis of Freshwater Ecosystem Services under Land Cover and Climate Change in the Tualatin and Yamhill River Basins, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1512.
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Humans make decisions within ecosystems to enhance their well-being, but choices can lead to unintended consequences. The ecosystem services (ES) approach supports decision-making that considers all environmental goods and services. Many challenges remain in the implementation of the ES approach like how specific ES vary through space and time. We address this research problem using the Tualatin and Yamhill river basins in northwestern Oregon as a study area. Freshwater ES are quantified and mapped with the spatially-explicit ES modeling tool, Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST). In chapter II, we develop a simple urban land cover change modeling approach with selected stakeholder input. The products of this analysis are used in part to answer the question of how the freshwater ES of water yield, nutrient retention, and sediment retention will change in the future, and how their distribution potentially will change? In chapter III, these ES are modeled in InVEST using the land cover scenarios and three downscaled global climate models. The base period is 1981 to 2010 and the future period is 2036 to 2065. The models are calibrated to empirical estimates, and display different sensitivities to inputs. Water yield increases with higher rainfall but decreases with the highest temperature scenario. Nutrient export and retention estimates are positively correlated. In the Tualatin basin, more urban lands generally lead to increases in nutrient exports and retention. The effect is reversed in the Yamhill basin from much larger agricultural exports. Sediment exports and retention increase with higher winter rainfall but are negatively spatially correlated due to topographic effects. Simulation of a landscape scale installation of riparian buffers leads to decreases in exports and increases in retention. The distribution of the provision of freshwater ES remains unchanged throughout the scenarios. With few parameters in each InVEST model, all display a high degree of sensitivity. Parameterization is subject to high uncertainty even with calibrated values. We discuss the assumptions and limitations of InVEST's freshwater models. The spatially explicit nature of InVEST is its main advantage. This work coupled with other analyses in the study area can facilitate the identification of tradeoffs amongst ES leading to better ecosystem management.
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MORSI, Reem. "The role of the World Bank in the Nile Basin Initiative : potential scenario of successful cooperation." Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/39067.
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Jiang, Qiang. "Three essays on water modelling and management in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151262.
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The primary contributions of this thesis are the economic studies of proposed water use reductions and climate change, and the development of an integrated hydro-economic model for the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. This water model not only simulates the land and water use in the Basin, but also optimises these uses for certain targets such as environmental flows. More importantly, this model can be applied to evaluate policy options for the Basin, such as water buybacks, and provide estimates of the possible impacts of climate change.
The thesis consists of three main essays focusing on issues in water modelling and management in the Basin. The first essay describes the development of a water model. This model is applied to estimate the impacts of water use reductions in the second essay; and climate change in the third essay. Other issues related to the Basin's water management, such as a review of existing water modelling, the background of the Basin, water trading, possible policy implementations and future research are also discussed.
The first essay (Chapter 4) describes the construction of the Integrated Irrigated Water Model (IIA WM) including the structure of llA WM and the data sources. Using the latest hydrological data and revised catchment boundaries, llA WM can simulate and optimise land and water use in the Basin. To address the criticism that existing models have failed to consider water trading barriers, the physical constraints on water trading have been incorporated in llA WM. The model can also evaluate various water policies and estimate the impacts of physical condition changes.
The second essay (Chapter 5) evaluates the impacts of proposed water use reductions by the Australian government. To balance the use of water between irrigated industries and environmental purposes, the Australian government draft plan released October 2010 proposed to reduce the volume of used water in the Basin from 3,000 to 4,000 GL/year. Simulations from IIA WM indicate that the impacts from proposed water use reductions will be modest, although there may be substantial impacts in particular locations.
The third essay (Chapter 6) investigates the impacts of climate change in the Basin. A full range of climate change scenarios from modest to severe have been applied using IIA WM. This thesis finds that with water trading, profit reductions are substantially smaller than the water use reductions.
Books on the topic "Economic development – Nile River Watershed"
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The Nile River basin: Water, agriculture, governance and livelihoods. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2012.
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1958-, Andersen Inger, and Golitzen Katherin George, eds. The Niger River basin: A vision for sustainable management. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2005.
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Achamyeleh, Kefyalew. Problems and prospects for intercountry cooperation for integrated water resources development of the Nile River Basin. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: The Commission, 1993.
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World Bank. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Fostering riparian co-operation in international river basins: The World Bank at its best in development diplomacy. Washington, D.C: The World Bank, 1997.
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Sluiter, Liesbeth. The Mekong currency. Bangkok: Project for Ecological Recovery/TERRA, 1992.
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Commission, Mekong River. State of the basin report 2010. Vientiane: Mekong River Commission, 2010.
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Seminar on Management of International River Basins and Environmental Challenges (1994 Dhaka, Bangladesh). Management of international river basins and environmental challenges. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Academic Publishers in association with the ICID Bangladesh National Committee, 1994.
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Perú, UNDP, and Asociación Especializada para el Desarrollo., eds. Desarrollo regional sostenible: Gestión integral de la cuenca del río Cotahuasi, en Arequipa. Miraflores, Lima, Perú: UNDP Perú, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD), 2004.
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al-Ḥamīd, Aḥmad Khālid ʻAbd. Nahr al-Nīl... mā la-hu wa-mā ʻalaynā. [Cairo]: Kutubunā, 2020.
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Fruzzetti, Lina. Culture and change along the Blue Nile: Courts, markets, and strategies for development. Boulder: Westview Press, 1990.
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Pambudi, Andi Setyo, and Trikurnianti Kusumanto. "Water Resources Governance in Indonesia Towards Environmental Sustainability Along with Social and Economic Development." In Environment & Policy, 289–311. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15904-6_16.
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AbstractIndonesia’s water resources governance aims at delivering the basic needs of a growing population whilst being constrained by ecosystems’ carrying capacity. The main causes of regulatory overlaps and prevalent “silo mentality” in water governance are sought by analysing laws, regulations, and policies. Over time, water resources governance has aimed to address food, water, and energy needs through infrastructural approaches, forest and land rehabilitation, and community participation. It is anchored in the river basin territory and watershed concepts. Public decision-making, however, puts anthropogenic considerations at its core rather than hydrological aspects, leading to misfits between institutions and ecosystem functioning. Ineffective legal instruments and policies are essentially due to institutional constraints. A synthesis of the three major water regulations—Government Regulation 37/2012 concerning Watershed Management, Law 17/2019 concerning Water Resources, and Government Regulation 26/2008 concerning National Spatial Plan—reveals little ownership of watershed management with regional/local governments since responsibilities are delegated by the central government to a technical agency; limited focus on green water (social and ecological) governance approaches compared with blue water (hard infrastructural) ones; and weak law enforcement and formulation of strategies for maintaining ecosystem functioning. Our recommendations include an ecoregional water governance with a thoroughly designed performance and target indicators; continuation of development plans built on previous plans and outcomes; continuity in water resources monitoring and evaluation; society-wide participation; and synchronisation of regulatory processes of all administrative levels led by the President in collaboration with Parliament using “carrot and stick” modes.
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Cheng, Runhe, and Jinxiang Cheng. "Environmental Impact Assessment of Watershed Plan Under the “Three Lines and One List” Environmental Governance." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1121–30. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_98.
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AbstractRapid and large-scale watershed development activities have imposed tremendous challenges to the sustainable development while driving economic prosperity in the areas along the watershed in China. Improving effectiveness of environmental impact assessment (EIA) of watershed planning has become a top priority for river ecological civilization. In this regard, the “three lines and one list” (TLOL) environmental governance, was proposed in the latest Chinese environmental management policy, consisting of an ecological conservation red line, an environmental quality bottom line and a resource utilization upper limit line and an environmental permit list are to be taken into account when assessing the potential effects of a watershed development plan. In this paper, an indicator system was established based on the TLOL requirements, and the rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM) was adopt to asses watershed development alternatives. In an application of this methodology, the Jinjiang watershed development planning in Fujian province was taken as a case study to recommend an optimal alternative. Six alternatives were assessed by conducting a comprehensive comparison. The results showed that, the Alternative 2 is preferred because it has relative advantages in terms of allocating water resource in a reasonable way, safeguarding the ecological water use at downstream, controlling the small scaled hydropower generations. This research shows that the EIA of watershed planning on the basis of the TLOL governance policy is an effective way of integrating environmental management and river ecological civilization requirements into watershed development planning. It proposes not only a universal process for assessing watershed development alternatives, but also a feasible method of maximize the trade-off between water conservancy and hydropower, and other watershed development activities and river ecological protection.
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Gonen, Ehud. "China and the Suez Canal—Politics, Economy, and Logistics." In Palgrave Studies in Maritime Politics and Security, 27–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15670-0_2.
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AbstractThe relations between China and Egypt are good and open, based on common economic and political interests as well as a deep mutual cultural appreciation since both China and Egypt are part of the four great river civilizations of the ancient world (The four civilizations are China and the Yang Cha River, Egypt and the Nile River, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent and the Ganges River, and Mesopotamia and the Euphrates and Tigres rivers.). Egypt, even during Mao Zedong’s rule in China (1949–1976), enjoyed Chinese support as part of China’s support for the bloc of non-identifying countries, including East African countries such as Sudan, and benefited from the development of China–Africa relations.
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Adeleke, M. L., D. Al-Kenawy, A. M. Nasr-Allah, M. Dickson, and Desalegn Ayal. "Impacts of Environmental Change on Fish Production in Egypt and Nigeria: Technical Characteristics and Practice." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 789–805. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_153.
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AbstractA survey approach was applied to examine the technical characteristics of fish farming practice in Egypt and Nigeria. Critical issues such as floods and other vices were considered in bringing out the inference and level of aquaculture in both countries. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the study area and the number of respondents. Both primary and secondary data were used in the analysis. Eighty fish farmers were randomly selected from each of the country, making a total of 160 respondents. The socioeconomic characteristics revealed that aquaculture is an antique venture in Africa with Egypt taking the lead, i.e., 99% of the respondents practice in large-scales production of more than 11 Fadden/acre per, and 100% males depend mainly on agricultural drainage water for their earthen ponds. Ninety-eight percent cultured tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) which was believed to have originated from the Nile River. In terms of financial performance and partial economic analysis, tilapia production commands more sales in Egypt, while catfish (Clarias) production is seen as a promising venture in Nigeria. The fish farmers have various perceptions and reactions toward environmental changes factors such as cost of labor/manpower and inputs, poor water quality, and fish extension services, and climate change impedes aquaculture development in the countries. To achieve the scale of aquaculture expansion as observed in Asian and other developed part of the world, efforts should be geared toward continental and regional integration in order to encourage aquaculture practices in Nigeria and other parts of Africa. More so, government intervention and incentives should be paramount in Egypt to reduce the excessive exploitation of the private input suppliers.
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Worku, Goshu. "Integrated Watershed Management for Sustainable Development." In Green Technologies, 920–33. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-472-1.ch420.
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The over exploitation of natural resources (soil, water, fauna and flora) is critically affecting the social, economic and environmental needs of the current generation and is feared to risk the ability of the future generation to meet its needs. Nowadays citizens in many countries are facing severe livelihood challenges ranging from seeking for external aids for existence to massive life devastation due to natural hazards such as flooding & land slide imposing death tolls. The degradation of the natural environment imposes the threatening of life not only in those less developed nations but also life all over the globe. The problem is more pronounced in less developed countries like the Eastern Nile Catchment nations. Sustainable development is hoped nowadays to be a promising solution. In this regard integrated watershed management is a potential tool for bringing about such a promising tool, by laying better ground for sustainable development. This chapter is prepared with the intent of showing the link between integrated watershed management and sustainable development which a country envisages to reach, and the contribution of integrated watershed management to sustainable development. Various previous documents are reviewed and used as sources of information for the preparation of the write up. The author’s professional experience on the current overall natural resources condition is an added value, too. Sustainable development, which can be achieved through proper conservation and utilization of the existing resources by employing integrated watershed management, is development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs,. Integrated watershed management is the process of formulation and carrying out a course of actions involving the manipulation of resources in the watershed to provide goods and services without adversely affecting the soil, water, vegetation base and other elements of the ecosystem, by employing multi-disciplinary teams.
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Twesigye, Charles K. "Application of Remote Sensing Technologies and Geographical Information Systems in Monitoring Environmental Degradation in the Lake Victoria Watershed, East Africa." In Green Technologies, 653–77. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-472-1.ch405.
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Accurate information on the state of water resources in the Lake Victoria watershed is crucial for planning and sustainable development in the East African region. This region largely depends on its natural resource-base for economic development, and therefore comprehensive information on its resources dynamics is key in implementing poverty alleviation strategies, improving human condition and preserving the biological systems upon which the region‘s population depends. This chapter focuses on key issues, which have emerged as a result of population growth and development in the region. The research on which this chapter is based aims to address the concerns on land use and settlement trends in the study sites, vulnerability of the communities to water stress and sustainability of the livelihood systems in the watersheds of Nzoia River Basin (Kenya), Nakivubo Wetland (Uganda) and Simiyu River Basin (Tanzania). These communities engage in unique land use practices that have intensified environmental degradation in recent times. The research adopts a multi-disciplinary approach in bringing to the fore the various processes affecting watershed resources use and management in the selected wetlands of the Lake Victoria Drainage Basin (LVDB). The data presented covers trends in vegetation cover loss, pesticide pollution and general water quality parameters. Geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques were employed to unveil land use patterns that have resulted in the degradation of the watershed. Wetland degradation levels have been characterized using secondary data generated by analytical techniques. New emerging challenges of environmental degradation caused by industrial, domestic and agricultural activities are presented and discussed. The potential of the new science of hydroinformatics in integrated watershed management through mathematical modeling, geographic information systems analysis and water supply management is highlighted.
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Nayak, Sabyasachi. "Managing Water Resources." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition, 1353–61. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch092.
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Water is linked to every facet of human development and prosperity. This paper seeks to capture the grassroots interventions undertaken by industry in improving the management of water resources. As water can directly impact the livelihood therefore the conservation, revival and development of water resources calls for a comprehensive and holistic approach. It puts into perspective the operational modality of industry in engaging with the community and improving the management of water resources. The objective is to provide a dynamic insight into the operational model of the industry in addressing the accumulated neglect in the water sector. An assessment of the operating model reiterates the positive social, economic, and environmental outcome in a sustainable manner. Therefore, it is proposed to explore operating beyond the level of “watershed” to larger level “river basin”. Going forward it is imperative to revive a culture of community base management of natural resources.
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Chuan, Goh Kim. "Hydrology and Rural Water Supply in Southeast Asia." In The Physical Geography of Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199248025.003.0029.
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The East Asian economic turmoil of 1997 and its lingering effects belie the decade of unprecedented economic growth in the Southeast Asian region. This economic boom saw a significant increase in the per capita income of the population of the respective countries and a corresponding rise in the standards of living. The decade also saw increased government spending on infrastructural development of basic amenities, including irrigation extension and rural water supply. The demand for and consumption of water increased significantly in both cities and the rural areas. In contrast to the escalating demand for water by the economies of the Southeast Asian countries, available resources remain limited despite the fact that the region generally receives more rainfall than it loses through evaporation annually. Annual, seasonal, and spatial variations in the rainfall within and between countries on the one hand, and accelerated demands for water from the various sectors of the economy on the other, put a severe strain on the available water resource base. In addition, natural resources in the form of rivers, groundwater storage, and lakes are rapidly diminishing in quality as a result of domestic, agricultural, and industrial waste discharges. In the coastal plains, excessive groundwater abstraction resulting in salt-water intrusion has affected groundwater resources. Inland, and in the watershed areas, rapid and extensive development has been at the expense of forested land, which has given way to new urban centres and residential and industrial complexes, while uncontrolled logging and shifting agriculture have caused the deterioration of the remaining forested ecosystem and natural watersheds. Given these factors, the future water resources scenario of the region seems bleak unless urgent steps are taken to manage seriously the resources in a judicious and sustainable way. Water will certainly feature as an important issue of development in the region in the decades ahead, given that large population concentrations and economic development are located in the lower parts of river basins. This chapter describes the hydrological conditions of the Southeast Asian region and examines the nature and extent of water resources that have been put to use for rural and agricultural development.
Conference papers on the topic "Economic development – Nile River Watershed"
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Suleimenovich MUSTAFAYEV, Zhumakhan, Jozef MOSIEJ, Lya Tobazhanovna KOZYKEEVA, and Kurmanbek ZHANYMKHAN. "METHODS OF COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE FOR WATER RESOURCES IN CENTRAL ASIA - KARATAL RIVER CASE STUDY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.123.
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Development of the national economy in the Karatal basin river is characterized by the progressive involvement and development of the resource potential of natural landscapes, the current rate of utilization of which greatly enhances the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment. A significant impact on the formation of the ecological environment of natural landscapes is provided by the rural and water sectors, as well as by industrial facilities related to processing and mining. At the same time, on the one hand the economic activity of the man in the catchment areas of the river basin gives a certain positive effect, and on the other hand, it is accompanied by an unavoidable set of negative ecological consequences that complicate ecological situations in various ranks of natural systems. Such negative natural and man-caused process in human activity occurs as a result of inadequate knowledge of the regularities of interaction between natural and anthropogenic factors, about the processes developing in the natural environment in complex watershed management, which is one of the obstacles on the way to the creation of ecologically sustainable cost-effective water catchment systems. Scientific interest to the assessment of the ecological state of the catchments of rivers and the problem of their complex development have been appeared relatively recently which is explained by the increase in modern conditions of anthropogenic load on the catchment areas, the need to assess the impact of such pressures on the ecological stability of catchments and the emergence of the problem of ensuring the sustainable function of catchments. The catena concept was developed to analyze the regular variability of soil on the slope. The example of this approach consists first in a structural component, the recurring pattern of certain soils in a landscape transects in which every chain element has its place in the chain, a soil has it in a landscape areal. The object of the research is the catchment basin of the Karatal river with a length of 390 km, an area of 19.1 thousand km², which is formed by the merger of three rivers called Tekeliaryk, Chadzha and Kora, sources which are at an altitude of 3200-3900 m. The initial 160 km is mountain character, from the Zhungarian Alatau and below the confluence of Kara and Chizhe River overlooks a wide intermountain plain. Other tributaries are Kara, Terekty, Laba, Balykty, Mokur and the most abundant is Koksu. After the confluence of the tributary of the Koksu River, Karatal flows through the sandy desert of the Southern Balkhash. At a distance of 40 km from the mouth, the river has a delta area of 860 km 2. According to long-term observations, the average annual discharge of the Karatal River in the Ushtobe section is 66.7 m3/s or 2.1 km3/ year.
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González Giraldo, Luis Fernando. "FRONTERAS AGRÍCOLAS, MERCADO Y CONFLICTO Persistencia de la violencia en la Cuenca del Guaviare." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Bogotá: Universidad Piloto de Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.10243.
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From the critical analysis of the factors and actors of the violence and the geographical, historical, social and economic antecedents of the occupation of the territory, it is intended to address the question of why the conflict persists in the Guaviare river watershed, confluence of the departments del Meta, Guaviare and Vichada, one of the regions most characterized by this phenomenon in Colombia, expressed in the substitution of violent actors, the increase in illicit crops, illegal mining and environmental damage.
This, four years after signing the 2016 peace agreement and despite the fact that it established for some of these areas, especially affected by violence, specific figures of attention (Zones most affected by the conflict (ZOMAC), Development programs with territorial approach (PDET) with community participation, institutional presence and investment, to solve the causes of the conflict that had had the greatest impact there and facilitate comprehensive social development.
Finally, recognizing the total incidence of the model and the legal and illegal economic actors, the expansion of the agricultural frontier and the interrelation with strategic corridors in regional dynamics, a different treatment of the conflict is proposed, focusing attention on controlling these factors; as much or more than the armed actors.
Keywords Conflict, territorial control, economic model
Thematic block: analysis and territorial project Desde el análisis crítico de los factores y actores de la violencia y los antecedentes geográficos, históricos, sociales y económicos de la ocupación del territorio, se pretende abordar la cuestión del porqué persiste el conflicto en la cuenca del río Guaviare, confluencia de los departamentos del Meta, Guaviare y Vichada, una de las regiones más caracterizadas por ese fenómeno en Colombia, expresado en la sustitución de los actores violentos, el incremento de los cultivos ilícitos, la minería ilegal y la afectación ambiental.
Esto, cuatro años después de suscribirse el acuerdo de paz del 2016 y pese a que este estableció para algunas de estas zonas, especialmente afectadas por la violencia, figuras específicas de atención (Zonas más afectadas por el conflicto (ZOMAC) y programas de Desarrollo con enfoque territorial (PDET) con participación comunitaria, presencia institucional e inversión, para solventar las causas del conflicto que allí había tenido mayor impacto y facilitar un desarrollo social integral.
Finalmente, reconociendo la incidencia total del modelo y los actores económicos legales e ilegales , la ampliación de la frontera agrícola y la interrelación con los corredores estratégicos en las dinámicas regionales, se plantea un tratamiento diferente al conflicto, enfocando la atención al control de esos factores; tanto o más que a los actores armados.
Palabras clave Conflicto, control territorial, modelo económico
Bloque temático: análisis y proyecto territorial