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Lane, Nathaniel. "States of Development : Essays on the Political Economy of Development in Asia." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-144620.
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Manufacturing Revolutions - Industrial Policy and Networks in South Korea. This chapter uses a historic big push intervention and newly digitized data from South Korea to study the effects of industrial policy on industrial development. In 1973 South Korea transitioned to a military dictatorship and drastically changed their development strategy. I find industries targeted by the regime's big push grew significantly more than non-targeted industries along several key dimensions of industrial development. These developmental effects persisted after industrial policies were retrenched, following the 1979 assassination of the president. Furthermore, I estimate the spillovers of the industrial policies using exogenous variation in the exposure to the policy across the input-output network. I find evidence of persistent pecuniary externalities like those posited by big push development theorists, such as Albert Hirschman. In other words, I find that South Korea's controversial industrial policy was successful in producing industrial development, the benefits of which persisted through time and in industries not directly targeted by the policies. Waiting for the Great Leap Forward - The Green Revolution and Structural Change in the Philippines. This study explores the short- and long-run impacts of the green revolution on structural transformation. The setting is the revolution’s home country: the Philippines. In 1966, the Philippine’s experienced the widespread introduction of so-called “miracle rice” varieties, invented at the International Rice Research Institute in Los Banos, Laguna. The island republic experienced large gains to agricultural productivity as a result. Using a newly constructed panel of Philippine municipalities, I show that growth in agricultural productivity led to unexpected patterns of structural transformation. In the short-run, the green revolution translated into labor-absorbing technological change, reallocating labor into HYV-intensive rice economies. However, in the long-run, the rising relative cost of labor, meant that rice farms mechanized and displaced the Philippine peasantry into the service sector. The Historical State, Local Collective Action, and Economic Development in Vietnam. This study examines how the historical state conditions long-run development, using Vietnam as a laboratory. Northern Vietnam (Dai Viet) was ruled by a strong centralized state in which the village was the fundamental administrative unit. Southern Vietnam was a peripheral tributary of the Khmer (Cambodian) Empire, which followed a patron-client model with weaker, more personalized power relations and no village intermediation. Using a regression discontinuity design across the Dai Viet-Khmer boundary, the study shows that areas historically under a strong state have higher living standards today and better economic outcomes over the past 150 years. Rich historical data document that in villages with a strong historical state, citizens have been better able to organize for public goods and redistribution through civil society and local government. This suggests that the strong historical state crowded in village-level collective action and that these norms persisted long after the original state disappeared.
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Jeon, Jei Guk. "The political economy of micro-variation in East Asian development patterning : a comparative study of Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Thailand /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/26964266.html.
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Mustafa, Ghulam. "Essays on economic growth and human development in Asia." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2013. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/12362/.
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This thesis contains three essays on the macroeconomic performance of Asian economies. Chapter 2 studies the sources of growth in Asian economies using a growth accounting model. We contribute to the existing debate on the role of factor accumulation and Multi Factor Productivity (MFP) growth in Asian economies. Our findings indicate that overall, MFP growth accounted for around 0.8% of the growth in output from 1960 to 2010. The estimated contribution of MFP growth to output growth varies from 3.1% per annum in Taiwan to -3.0% in Bangladesh over the same period. Our growth accounting estimates show that both accumulation and assimilation were important sources of rapid growth in South Asia, East Asia and China between 1980 and 2010. MFP growth has been much higher in this period as compared to 1960-79. We interpret this result as an indication of the regional economies being at an initial stage of development during 1960s and 1970s. Our findings point to a strong association between a country‟s productivity and a country‟s absorptive capacity. We suggest that at initial stage of development factor accumulation is the main driver of growth. However, MFP growth increases with the general development of the economy as absorptive capacity improves. The contribution of human capital has been positive as suggested by the new growth theory but moderate in magnitude. East Asia is at a higher ladder of development due to its better human capital accumulation. We do not find empirical support for Krugman hypothesis which states that output growth dominated by physical capital accumulation is short lived and not sustainable. Our findings provide the evidence that growth in Asian economies is sustainable. However, South Asia needs to increase existing investment levels in order to accumulate physical and human capital. Policy should give a high priority to human capital accumulation in China. Asia's spectacular economic growth is accompanied by large investments in education and the region enjoys sound institutional environment especially in East Asian countries. Thus, Chapter 3 examines the impact of human capital and governance on Average Labour Productivity (ALP) and MFP growth in 14 Asian countries over the 1966-2010 period. We compare the performance of a Cobb-Douglas function with a more structural specification that accounts for the distance of countries from the technological frontier. Our results show that a 1% increase in aggregate human capital is associated with approximately a 0.4% increase in ALP and MFP growth, implying that there are internal as well as external returns to human capital accumulation. The effect is larger for primary educated workers (0.4%) and gradually decreases for secondary (0.2%) and tertiary educated workers (0.1%). For tertiary educated workers we find that their impact increases the closer a country is to the technological frontier. This shows that different types of skills are important at different levels of development and, while increasing investment into basic education will greatly affect the growth perspectives of the area, investments in tertiary education are important to speed up the catching-up process. The positive and significant impact of human capital remains intact even after controlling for the inclusion of governance indicator in our specification. We find that higher quality institutions positively affect ALP growth but they are insignificant for MFP growth, indicating that only human capital can generate spillover effects. While policy makers and international development organisations emphasize the role of openness to trade in achieving sustained economic growth as well as better human development, the simultaneous links between openness, economic growth, and human development are not well studied. In Chapter 4, we empirically examine these interactions through simultaneous equation system using three stages least squares to account for endogeneity of variables. The results suggest that in Asia (i) openness has a strong positive impact on both economic growth and human development, (ii) human capital and FDI have a strong positive effect on both economic growth and human development, and (iii) while human development contributes positively to growth, growth has a negative and significant influence on human development. Our findings confirm the success of trade liberalisation policies in the region in achieving higher growth only. However, this seems to have had negative implications on distribution of income and thus has impeded human development. Therefore, there is a need to focus on improving human development along with growth in order to sustain development.
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Ismailov, Mirvali. "Financial and economic impacts of trade openness in Central Asia." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-3/rp/ismailovm/mirvaliismailov.pdf.
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Park, Ghunsu. "Evidence of localized technical progress in East Asia." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text online access from ProQuest databases, 2001. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/pqdiss.pl?3013009.
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Wei, Hongxu. "Foreign direct investment and economic development in China and East Asia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1180/.
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This thesis provides an empirical analysis on how Foreign Direct Investment could affect economic growth. The analysis focuses on China and two East Asian countries, South Korea and Taiwan, for the period from 1980 to 2006. A VAR system is applied to China and the other two countries, while innovation analysis, including variance decomposition and impulse response, is then undertaken to evaluate the influence of shocks on each variable. Cointegration analysis is introduced to capture the long-run equilibrium relationships. The results suggest a small negative effect of FDI on economic growth in China and Taiwan, and no significant influence on economic growth in South Korea. But we find that FDI could be attracted by rapid economic growth of all these countries. The traditional elements for growth, such as capital and labour are demonstrated to play important roles in stimulating economic growth, while the sustainable elements suggested by new endogenous theory, such as technology development and human capital, are found playing different roles across countries with respect to their strategies of development. In addition, a simultaneous equation model is estimated to capture the effects of policy instruments on output, FDI and other endogenous variables in China. Both direct coefficient effects and multiplier effects are calculated. The results indicate that the changes in capital formation, employment and human capital could decelerate the economic growth, while the changes in technology transfer and saving could have III accelerating effects on the change in output directly. FDI could affect the change in economic growth indirectly through an accelerating effect on capital formation and human capital. For the impacts of policy instruments, It draws a conclusion that the monetary policies, fiscal policies and commercial policies committed by the government are indeed appreciative for accelerating economic development in China. Together with the specific empirical results for China and other two East Asian countries, this thesis provides a more comprehensive framework to study the relationships between economic growth and FDI, with the VAR system focusing on the general overview and the simultaneous equation model targeting on the intermediates.
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Kumbunlue, Sorayod. "Economic development and integration in Southeast Asia economic convergence, distribution and integration von Sorayod Kumbunlue." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/madoc/volltexte/2007/1393/.
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Hogan, Mary Vivianne. "The development and role of ASEAN as a regional association." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B16043017.
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Agalewatte, Tikiri Bandara. "Competitive industry policy for economic development in Sri Lanka lessons from East Asia /." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050111.134706/index.html.
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Ko, Sung-youn. "Military Spending, External Dependence, and Economic Growth in Seven Asian Nations: a Cross-National Time-Series Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279398/.
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The theme of this study is that seven major East Asian less developed countries (LDCs) have experienced "dependent development," and that some internal and external intervening factors mattered in that process. Utilizing a framework of "dependent development," the data analysis deals with the political economy of development in these countries. This analysis supports the fundamental arguments of the dependent development perspective, which emphasize positive effects of foreign capital dependence in domestic capital formation and industrialization in East Asian LDCs. This perspective assumes the active role of the state, and it is found here to be crucial in capital accumulation and in economic growth. This cross-national time-series analysis also shows that the effects of external dependence and military spending on capital accumulation and economic growth can be considered as a regional phenomenon. The dependent development perspective offers a useful way to understand economic dynamism of East Asian LDCs for the past two decades.
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Guyton, Lynne E. "The organisation of Japanese FDI in Southeast Asia : implications for regional economic development." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361605.
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Regent, Kamil. "Ekonomický rozvoj jihoasijských zemí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162795.
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The aim of this work is to verify Rostow's Stages of growth model and the Solow-Swan growth model empirically using statistical data from Asian countries. In the theoretical part ("Teoretická část"), the main characteristics of the Rostow's Stages of growth model and the Solow-Swan growth model are explained. The empirical part ("Empirická část") consists of the empirical verification based on statistical data from a total of 51 Asian countries. This includes 47 independent Asian states, 2 partially recognized states (Palestine and Taiwan) and 2 dependent territories (Hong Kong and Macao). The conclusion is devoted specifically to the People's Republic of China and in particular to the evaluation of its economic development, including efforts to predict future developments in relation to Czech businesses.
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Chyšková, Kateřina. "Ekonomický rozvoj jihoasijských zemí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359620.
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Aim of this thesis is to empirically verify the validity of Rostows Stages of economic growth model and Solow-Swan model of economic growth realized by using statistical data South Asian countries reported. Theoretical part is devoted to characteristics of the growth models, explaining the assumptions theories work with and defining their origins and possible limitations. Practical part is focused on the analysis of statistical outputs newly industrialized Asian countries (Asian Tigers). The choice of selected data for analysis is justified. The data are further evaluated against expectations out of the Rostows and Solows theory of economic growth. The appropriateness of the growth models with regard to the territories is also evaluated.
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Franz, Jennifer Sue. "Environment and health in Central Asia : quantifying the determinants of child survival." Thesis, St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/330.
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Junisbai, Azamat. "Market transition outcomes, economic justice and system legitimacy in post-Soviet Central Asia." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3378358.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Sociology, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 6, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-10, Section: A, page: 4076. Adviser: Arthur S. Alderson.
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Williams, Rebecca. "Revisiting the Khanna study : population and development in India, 1953-1960." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/60442/.
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In the post-war, post-independence period, India became a key site of intervention and experimentation for international population control advocates. During the 1950s, the Government of India became the first government to announce an official policy of population limitation as part of its first Five Year Plan in 1952, constituting its own national population as an object of study and intervention. The Khanna Study—a well-known population control experiment conducted in the Ludhiana District of Punjab—is emblematic of these processes. Between 1953 and 1960, Khanna was the site of population control experimentation for the Indian State and international organisations alike. Through a case study of the Khanna Study, this dissertation asks why India was so important to strategies of international population control and, conversely, why population control was so important to the newly-independent Government of India. I argue that international population control advocates focused on India because of the scale, poverty and—crucially—accessibility of its population. International organisations were able to experiment upon the Indian population primarily because of the collaboration of the Government of India. Population control was of mutual interest to international ‘overpopulation’ theorists and for Indian officials, who viewed population growth as an obstacle to economic development. In an attempt to render the Indian population legible and, therefore, amenable to population control interventions, these actors collaborated to make Khanna—and India generally—a laboratory for population control. Although the Khanna Study did not succeed in its stated goal of reducing the birth rate, it nevertheless helped to consolidate the position of population control as national policy, and produced Khanna as a study site to be re-visited and re-studied over the following five decades. As such, the Khanna Study itself helped to solidify the relationships between India and population control, and between international population control and India.
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Sagdullaev, Djakhangir. "Energy policy, economic cooperation, and sustainable development in Central Asia the case of Uzbekistan /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976406306.
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Shrestha, Sushma. "Devaluation and aggregate economic activity in Asian developing countries /." View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131464729.pdf.
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Comert, Hasan. "Japan." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606959/index.pdf.
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This thesis investigates the relationship between economic ideas and practices in reference to Japanese development experience. To achieve this, it first examines the impact of economic ideas and economists on the Japanese development. Then it examines the characteristics of the Japanese development. Lastly, the study attempts to give an account of the direct impact of Japanese experience. It also tries to elucidate the indirect influence on the Japanese development economics which occurred through its impact on East Asian model. It has three main assertions. Firstly, it argues that Japanese economic thought and economists that were under the influence of heterodox economic schools such as the German Historical School, Marxism and the Schumpeterian and Keynesian schools, played a crucial role in shaping the Japanese development. Secondly, at least partly for this reason, Japanese development which can be considered as a piece-wise continuous accelerated growth phenomena, demonstrated heterodox characteristics. Thirdly, Japanese successful industrialization directly and indirectly, through influencing East Asian development model, deeply affected different economic approaches in development economics such as the developmental state, flying geese model and the Confucian ethic thesis. The broader implication of this thesis is that the economic ideas and economic practices have a circular relationship as Japanese experience has demonstrated.
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Ho, Ming-Yu. "Law, foreign direct investment and economic development in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36280/.
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This research looks at the legal regime governing foreign direct investment (FDI) in Taiwan, and at the interaction between the Government's economic policies, legal reform and FDI in the economic development of Taiwan. The research for this thesis is focused on the period of 1945 to the present; however, a study of the pre-1945 period is provided as a basis for analysing the post-1945 developments. There are three principal aims of this thesis. First, the thesis is designed to illustrate how the economic success of Taiwan challenges traditional views put forward in development theories and in law and development theories, in particular. Secondly, the thesis considers the role of law in the development process. By examining the evolution and operation of the FDI legal regime in Taiwan in its economic, social, political and historical context, this research suggests that the role of law is as a 'doorkeeper' for a country's development. If consistent with a public-interest-oriented economic policy, an appropriate and wellconsidered legal regime can help a country's development without risking its economic sovereignty. Finally, this thesis examines Taiwan's current FDI regime for its appropriateness. Using international law as a reference-point, a detailed analysis is made of Taiwan's current FDI laws. The thesis suggests that certain of these laws are out of date and that further legal reform is required. The thesis concludes by slightly modifying the developmental model for law and FDI which is put forward in Chapter 1, in order to emphasise the important role of government economic policy in Taiwan's development. It is submitted that the Government's choice of development strategy in each of Taiwan's different development phases has been crucial to Taiwan's success. The thesis also concludes that an appropriate legal regime remains important for a country's development regardless of its development status.
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Marktanner, Marcus. "A Comparison of Economic Development in Latin America, Middle Eastern Europe and Asia in the 1990s." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2181/.
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The 1990s were characterized by severe turbulence in the global economy. Economic and financial crises occurred in Latin America, Middle and Eastern Europe and Asia. This analysis distinguishes between the two socioeconomic criteria "transitional" and "emerging" region. Transitional countries are former centrally planned socialist economies and emerging countries former agricultural-oriented classical developing economies with mostly a history of military or some other kind of autocratic dictatorship. The resources for the analysis are data sets regarding investment, exchange rate behavior, government finance, international liabilities of monetary authorities and inflation. The study reveals macroeconomic patterns associated with economic development in each socioeconomic region. It is shown that similar patterns are responsible for successful and non-successful performance in each region. A comparison of different regions shows many parallels between emerging economies, but only little similarity between transitional economies.
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Surový, Václav. "Postavení Jihovýchodní Asie ve světové ekonomice a problémy jejího ekonomického rozvoje na prahu 21.století." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10359.
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This thesis deals with the current position of Southeast Asia in the world economy. The first part concerns itself with the recent economic development of Southeast Asia. Special emphasis is placed on Asian financial crisis of 1997, which to a great degree influenced the development of the subregion in the following years. The next part focuses on problems of economic development concerning the quality of institutions, integration within ASEAN and socio-natural problems. The last part explains the evolution of relations between the subregion and USA, Japan and China and assesses the current position of Southeast Asia in the world economy on the basis of comparison with other Asian subregions.
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Edwik, A. A. "Oil dependency, economic diversification and development a case study of Libya." Thesis, University of Salford, 2007. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2189/.
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The Libyan economy relies heavily on increasing oil revenues, which may deteriorate with a future oil price decline. The Libyan economy performed as well as resource poor countries over the past few decades. The oil booms of 1973 and 1979 brought unprecedented income to Libya but, despite the substantial oil revenues, much of the potential benefit of the windfall has been dissipated. Libya relies heavily on oil receipts, the price of which tends to fluctuate widely in the international market. Also, the Libyan economy is dominated by hydrocarbons and the public sector. Sizeable oil wealth has supported a decent living standard for Libya's population, and socio-economic development compares favourably with standards in other Middle Eastern and North African countries. Libya has the potential to raise oil production and revenues significantly in coming years, given its large reserve. The reliance of public finance on a single sector means that shocks threaten the economy's fiscal balance and stability. Libya has over-consumed in response to windfalls from surges in world prices. Libyan government spending has outstripped the gain in revenues. These sharp increases in government spending are difficult to reverse when the boom ends and often lead to large fiscal deficits rather than surplus. However, the main challenge for Libya is to promote growth of the non-oil sector and spur diversification of its economy. Non-hydrocarbon GDP growth has been weak and oil revenue volatility has been transmitted to non-hydrocarbon GDP. Weak non-oil GDP growth reflects both insufficient private investment and low productivity of capital importing efficiency. Productivity growth is a precondition for faster growth and greater investment effort. Strong productivity growth is also a prerequisite for competitive diversification out of hydrocarbon. Projected high oil revenue will provide the finance for growth but will not necessarily spur sustained growth in the non-oil sector. Overoptimistic predictions of future oil revenues are shown to have seriously adverse consequences, particularly if the non-oil economy adjusts to falling demand through underdevelopment and capital flight is provoked. Policy options for protecting the economy from volatility in oil revenues, without eliminating the benefits from rising prices include the formation of a stabilization fund and hedging strategies in the international markets. The stabilization fund would smooth consumption and reduce the costs associated with volatile spending. Libya needs sound economic management and to address the problems associated with oil windfalls. Market processes are required to help allocate public resources, and governments and others responsible must take account of risk and uncertainty when selecting projects, and formulating plans for development. Consequently, there is a macroeconomic need to diversify the economy to avoid the pitfalls which so often plague developing countries with vast natural resources. The decisions concerning public investment in a social economic infrastructure would be better if unconnected to the presence of hydrocarbon windfalls. To speed up non-oil growth and job creation, the oil windfalls should be used strategically, with the aim of facilitating the transition to a competitive, market-led economy. Over the long-term, the intermediation of hydrocarbon windfalls through the household and business sectors might produce superior long-term growth, but it should go in tandem with considerable strengthening of the investment climate. Enhancing the quality of Libya's human resources will also be essential to improve productivity and diversify out of oil - especially into services - and compete in the global economy. Improving the quality of governance deserves particular attention, because it underlies the development reform agenda. Libya would probably have seen a larger benefit from its windfalls had it saved a higher proportion abroad and limited domestic investment through applying market criteria more rigorously. Quite clearly, good fiscal control of periodic boom episodes enables the boom to temporarily accelerate the rate of economic development. In addition, such questions as the magnitude of the windfalls, how Libya has used them and their impact on non-oil a sector have been addressed in this research. The adoption of sound economic policies and the good management of oil windfall gains will allow Libya to continuously manage growth and become one of the greatest success stories of all developing countries.
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Lerskullawat, Attasuda. "Financial development and monetary policy transmission : the case of Thailand." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4797/.
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This thesis aims to examine the channels of monetary policy transmission relating to the banking sector (mainly the bank lending channel, firm balance sheet channel and the interest rate channel), and also to investigate the effect of financial development on these channels in Thailand. We first examine the bank lending channel by introducing the micro-data based study (bank panel data) and using the panel data estimation (fix effect, 2SLS, and GMM estimation). Our result confirms the theoretical aspect of the bank lending channel and we also found that the higher the banks’ size, liquidity, and capitalization will weaken the bank lending channel. The second study will investigate the firm balance sheet channel by examining the effect of firms’ financial condition on firms’ investment and using the GMM estimation. We also found that the less financial constraint firms will have a weaker effect of monetary policy via the firm balance sheet channel than the more financial constraint ones. The third study will examine the interest rate channel by focusing on the interest rate pass-through and using the VECM cointegration technique. We found the pass-through in both long-run and short-run with a relatively high degree in long-run than short-run. For the effect of financial development, we found that banking sector development, capital market development, financial liberalization, financial innovation, and financial competition will cause a weaker effect of the policy interest rate via the bank lending channel and the firm balance sheet channel. However, all of these different aspects of financial development (except the banking sector development) shown a stronger effect on the interest rate pass-through and hence strengthen the interest channel.
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King, Philip. "From periphery to centre shaping the history of the central peninsula /." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070821.140808/index.html.
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Fadillah, Arief. "The dynamic development of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) the case of Indonesian trade and investment /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22794.pdf.
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Kung, Ka Yan. "Trade effects of the development of ASEAN+ free trade agreements : an empirical study." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1285.
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Nunan, Timothy Alexander. "Developing powers : modernization, economic development, and governance in Cold War Afghanistan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:47afb7eb-9a6b-468f-98f5-b9d96fcdf0f6.
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In the last decade, scholars have recognized economic development and modernization as crucial themes in the history of the twentieth century and the ‘global Cold War.’ Yet while historians have written lucid histories of the role of the social sciences in American foreign policy in the Third World, far less is known on the Soviet Union’s ideological and material support during the same period for countries like Egypt, India, Ethiopia, Angola, or – most prominently – Afghanistan. This dissertation argues that the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan is best understood as the final and most costly of a series developmental interventions staged in that country during the latter half of the twentieth century by Afghans, Soviets, Americans, Germans and others. Cold War-era Afghanistan is best understood as a laboratory for ideas about the nation-state and the idea of a ‘national economy.’ One can best understand Afghanistan during that period less through a common but ahistorical ‘graveyard of empires’ narrative, and more in terms of the history of the social sciences, the state system in South and Central Asia, and the ideological changes in ideas about the state and the economy in 20th century economic thought. Four chapters explore this theme, looking at the history of the Soviet social sciences, developmental interventions in Afghanistan prior to 1978, a case study of Soviet advisors in eastern Afghanistan, and Soviet interventions to protect Afghan women. Making use of new materials from Soviet, German, and American archives, and dozens of interviews with former Soviet advisors, this dissertation makes a new and meaningful contribution to the historical literature on the Soviet Union, Central Asia, and international history.
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de, Leon Justin. "PHILIPPINE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT AND PHILIPPINE MUSLIM UNREST." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4217.
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Muslim culture and society has been a part of the Philippine islands in spite of nearly ninety-five percent of the population being Christian (a majority Catholic), yet did not become a separatist movement until the 1970's. Since then, the two main separatist groups the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) have been battling the Philippine government. The parties entered truces in 1996 and 2001, yet there has been a cycle of violence continues. The Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), linked to Al Qaeda, emerged in 1990 and has launched many attacks on the Christian Philippine majority. The prolonged Muslim unrest in the ARMM has left thousands dead and hundreds of thousands displaced. The main objective of this research paper is to examine Philippine economic and political development and its impact on Philippine Muslim unrest. This paper presents a critical analysis of the economic and political development and Philippine Muslim unrest by examining six major features of the Philippines; they are: The historical evolution, economic development, political development, socio-cultural setting, geographic setting, and the quality of life of the Filipino people. This research also examines Fareed Zakaria's illiberal democracies theory, liberal institutionalism, and the Marxist theory of class revolution and primarily relies on research conducted at the University of the Philippines and from Philippine and Asian scholars. By taking a holistic comprehensive approach and by using international relations theory, this research fills two gaps in the literature about Philippine Muslim unrest. The research concludes with a look at future challenges, both short term and long term that face the country, as well as, possible future scenarios. The findings of this research are that the economic and political development and the historical evolution, though major contributory factors, are not the sole reason for the prolonged Philippine Muslim unrest. The most pervasive causal factor to Muslim unrest was the socio-cultural setting. Because of the all-pervasive nature of culture; at first glance, the socio-cultural setting was not a major apparent cause. At almost all times examined throughout this research, certain cultural tendencies guided decisions and altered the course of events more so than any other single variable. Corruption, crony capitalism, patrimonialism, and irrational institutions all stem from the tendencies of Philippine culture must be addressed to find lasting peace in the country. A move toward rational legal institutions and liberal constitutionalism, will lead the way to the creation of a liberal democracy and break the cycle of violence occurring in the Philippines.M.A.
Department of Political Science
Sciences
Political Science MA
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Marwaha, Manisha. "The European Community and South Asia : development, economic cooperation and trade policies with India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, 1973-1993." Thesis, Keele University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319028.
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Sone, Sachiko. "The Karayuki-san of Asia, 1868-1938: The role of prostitutes overseas in Japanese economic and social development." Thesis, Sone, Sachiko (1990) The Karayuki-san of Asia, 1868-1938: The role of prostitutes overseas in Japanese economic and social development. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 1990. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50853/.
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This thesis is a social and economic history of the Karayuki-san - that is Japanese prostitutes who went overseas, especially in Asia, in the late 19th and 20th centuries. Despite the fact that the karayuki-san contributed a great deal financially to their traditional village and family economies, they had been almost completely ignored in the history of modern Japan up until the early 1970’s, when two female historians began to trace the significance of their lives and work overseas. Their story is in part the history of Japanese women being victimised by men and their nation in the early modern era. The lives and fate of these women also signify an important phase in the recent history of labour and migration in Japan, and the emergence of Japan as a world leader in the Asian-Pacific region in this century.
The thesis examines the lives and circumstance of the karayuki-san from a broad historical perspective. It re-evaluates their important role in Western colonisation and development, and the advent of Japanese Imperialism in Asia. In a very real sense as migrants, they were early pioneers in the history of Japanese economic expansion in Asia between 1868 and 1938, just prior to the outbreak of World War II.
The history of these women and their contribution to the development of modern Japan is explored in six chapters. The introduction provides a historical overview of the history of Japanese prostitution, and then explains the emergence of the phenomenon of the karayuki-san in the second half of the 19th century. The first chapter links Japanese economic development and its impact on traditional society with prostitution in the modern era. The second chapter describes the geographical range of the "flesh trade" and Japanese brothel prostitution in Asia - from the wastelands of Siberia to the northern fringe of Australia, the eastern periphery of Southeast Asia. The third chapter reveals the organisation and extent of the network of traffic in women and children and brothel prostitution in Asia. The profits to be made by both traffickers and Japanese settlers as a consequence of the "flesh trade" through the presence of these women is highlighted. The fourth chapter explores the karayuki-san's inside experience and local environment in all its diversity, focussing primarily on the large ports in the Asian region such as Vladivostok in Siberia, Dairen in Manchuria, Hongkong in China, Singapore in the Malay Peninsula, Medan in Sumatra and Manila in the Philippines. The fifth chapter explains changes in the attitude of Japanese officialdom toward the karayuki-san after 1920. It focuses on the Government's desire to gain international political recognition and status, the increasing pressure emanating from a world wide campaign for suppression of traffic in women and children, and the upsurge in the Japanese economy. The final chapter traces the karayukisan' s repatriation from Asia between 1918 and 1921 and their adjustment to Japanese rural society. This chapter also considers the significance of the "lanfu" - a new type of Japanese prostitute sacrificed for the sake of Japan's Military expansion in Asia after 1937. The conclusion summarises the narrative and links the karayuki-san's life and work to Japan's uneven economic development, and her inevitable expansion into Asia in the late 19th and 20th centuries. A historical investigation of the karayuki-phenomenon reveals that prostitution and out-migration are very important indicators of the social and economic well being of a nation, which ironically, helps to explain the "Japayuki-san" phenomenon - Asian women, especially Filipina, Thai, Korean and Taiwanese, going to a modern wealthy Japan to work as prostitutes over the last two decades, hoping to seek their fortunes.
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Yalcinkaya, Nergis Meryem. "A Critical Overview Of The East Asian Development: The Cases Of Miraculous East Asian Economies And China." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607972/index.pdf.
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East Asia has been one of the most important regions in the global economic system. In this thesis, the East Asian miracle and the success of China&rsquos transition are studied by overviewing the literature. The East Asian economies had experienced sustainable rapid growth from the 1960s to the end of 1990s, until the Asian crisis in 1997. China started her transition from the central planning system at the end of the 1970s. Since the transition began, China has grown at rates even higher than developed countries and she is one of the countries which survived the Asian crisis nearly without damage. Comparing these two experiences in East Asia would give an idea on the features of development in this region. The conclusion is that China shares the features of developmental state which is attributed to the miraculous East Asian economies.
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Westerman, John Thomas. "Wherefore by Their Fruits Ye Shall Know Them: An Actor-Network Theory Analysis of Mercy Corps' Peaceful Communities Initiative in Central Asia." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/286.
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The motivation for this research comes from the belief that an over reliance on a social constructivist perspective has caused development studies in general, and post-development in particular, to under-theorize the role of discourse in development. A key issue in post-development studies concerns whether or not development organizations depoliticize their interventions. The notion of depoliticization provides a perfect occasion for examining more deeply the role of discourse in development. This research uses the actor-network theory constructivist framework to analyze a USAID funded development program in Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan): Mercy Corps' Peaceful Communities Initiative (PCI). The research approach used in this study involved both traditional ethnographic methods and document analysis. The ethnographic case material comes from multiple field visits to PCI offices in Central Asia and multiple visits to a variety of PCI community sites. The documentary evidence comes from a variety of organization and project specific documents. The embedded case studies demonstrate that materiality cannot be easily separated from sociality and that indeed the two are inseparable. Thus development discourse cannot be solely understood as a social phenomenon but could instead be understood as an assemblage of material elements through which both power and sociality flow.
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Kwan, Yee-fai Mike. "A comparative study of the growth triangles in Asian Pacific rim : lessons for regional development planning /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18039972.
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Sharapova, Sevara. "The Impact of U.S. Efforts to Promote Regional Cooperation among the Five Post-Soviet Central Asian States on Social and Economic Stability of the Central Asian Region." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1275688413.
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Hui, Kwok-fai Philip. "Development of higher education in the context of political and economic changes : the case of Macau /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18155832.
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Wan, Ho Yin Adrian, and 溫浩然. "A critical analysis of the role of the state in economic development of East Asia: the case studies of Taiwan andJapan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953281.
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Lau, Wai-kuen Grace. "The trend of the economic transformation of Hong Kong as compared with the other Asian NIES." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13278836.
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Gruin, Julian Y. "Communists constructing capitalism : socio-economic uncertainty, Communist party rule, and China's financial development, 1990-2008." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a70d4158-ac36-477c-accb-37f940071a0d.
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To what extent does China's experience of economic reform since 1989 compel a reconsideration of the ontological foundations of contemporary capitalist development? China's political economy remains characterized by a unique and resilient political structure (the Chinese Communist Party) that penetrates both 'private' (market) and 'public' (state) organizations. The conceptual rootedness of contemporary theories of comparative and international political economy in a distinctly Western historical experience of capitalist development hinders their ability to understand Chinese capitalism on its own terms—as historically, culturally, and globally embedded. To generate greater analytic traction in understanding China's otherwise paradoxical constellation of actors and dynamics, I argue that contemporary capitalism should be studied as a set of mechanisms for managing and exploiting socio-economic uncertainty, rather than according to the binary logics of state regulation and market competition. These mechanisms can be conceptualized as an overarching risk environment. On this basis, I trace how the cognitive frames, social institutions, and relational networks that emerged within the 'socialist market economy' in China's post-Tiananmen financial system have placed the Chinese Communist Party at the nexus of the state and the market. I argue that specific ideas emerged about how to manage the flow of capital, playing a significant role in underpinning expectations of financial growth and stability. During this period the financial system underpinned the CCP's capacity to both manage and exploit socio-economic uncertainty through the path of reform, forming a central explanatory factor in a developmental trajectory marked by a trifecta of rapid economic growth, macroeconomic stability, and deepening socio-economic imbalances. Rather than viewing the path of financial reform in China solely in terms of 'partial' or 'failed' free- market reform, it thus becomes possible to cast China's development in a new light as the product of a more concerted vision of how the financial system would enable a mode of economic development that combined the drive for capital accumulation with the distinctive socio-political circumstances of post-1989 China.
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Wan, Ho Yin Adrian. "A critical analysis of the role of the state in economic development of East Asia : the case studies of Taiwan and Japan /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425751.
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Muqeem, Sadeq H. Gh H. "Development of an environmental health risk and socio-economic perception framework to critically assess the management of TWW reuse practice and options in Kuwait." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7048/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis introduces a new methodological approach to provide a framework for environmental health and socioeconomic perception that critically assesses the management of treated wastewater (TWW) reuse practice and options. The methodology combines Multi-Criteria decision Making (MCDM) and Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM). The approach uses expert opinion to assess TWW reuse options and converts the qualitative subjective evaluation of experts into quantitative objective and numeric output. The methodology includes the use of a Driver Force, Pressure, State, Impact and Response (DPSIR) framework to analyse the current situation in a specific case study (Kuwait). The research identified the best available TWW reuse options for Kuwait and determined the essential environmental health and socioeconomic criteria affected by the practice of selected TWW reuse options. The latter include recreational and agricultural irrigation, firefighting and industrial and ruses, oil depressurization and groundwater recharge. Options where the public had direct contact with TWW, such as showering, cooking and drinking were rejected. Environmental health criteria were found to be the most significant criteria associated with TWW reuse practice and options, but given current heavy subsidies of wastewater treatment, distribution and transportation, the economic burden was also significant. Further research in this area is recommended to enable a reduction of pressures on freshwater resources through TWW reuse practice and this should be included within a wider context of integrated water management (IWM).
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Rachmawati, Tutik. "Public entrepreneurialism and democratic values : how might local public leaders pursue successful economic development? : case-studies from Indonesian local government." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6654/.
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This thesis focuses on local economic development in developing countries and, on the basis of research conducted in Indonesia, it examines how local governments balance ‘public entrepreneurialism’ with ‘democratic values’. Through four case studies, the thesis explores how the values of innovation and development are matched by concern for democratic accountability and respect for local cultures and traditions. The case-studies provide complementary and contrasting perspectives on local leadership and its impacts on local economic development, focusing respectively on development of the informal economy, exploitation of the potential of technology and the creative industries, modernisation of agriculture, and the securing of increased foreign investment. The key finding from these case-studies is that effective leadership in local economic development does indeed call for the spirit of entrepreneurialism and innovation to be balanced by sensitivity towards local democratic values and principles. However, rather than it being necessary for the formal head of the local government personally to provide the required leadership in both respects, it may equally be feasible for two (or more) different individuals within the hierarchy of the organisation and with respective strengths in entrepreneurialism and democratic values to work together to ensure that the desired balance is indeed achieved.
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Puvimanasinghe, Shyami Fernando. "Foreign investment, human rights and the environment : a perspective from South Asia on the role of public international law for development /." Leiden [u.a.] : Nijhoff, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0712/2007276511.html.
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Alverhed, Elin, and Frida Kåvik. "The decoupling process of CO2 emissions and economic growth : A comparative study between the European Union and middle income countries in South and East Asia." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49616.
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This paper compares and analyzes the decoupling processes of carbon emissions to economic growth in the European Union and South and East Asian middle income countries. This is done through econometric methods, testing for a relationship between CO2 and GDP. The study is conducted by first testing for the hypothesis that there is a significant difference of the turning points between the EU and the Asian region, and thereafter if there is a significant difference in the decoupling processes. The findings show that the Asian middle income countries have a lower turning point than the EU. It is also found that the EU experienced absolute decoupling in 2014, whereas the Asian countries only experienced weak relative decoupling. The study is based on four theories; The Environmental Kuznets curve, Tapio’s Decoupling model Theory, Rostow’s Stage of Growth Theory and the Ecological Modernization Theory. The findings, together with the theories, show that improved technology, together with implementations of international policies, can have positive effects on environmental changes.
45
Riaz, Bushra. "Three Empirical Essays on Comparative Advantage & Productivity Growth in Asia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670404.
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The thesis is a combination of three independent papers that discuss various challenges posed on developing countries of Asia and provide suggestions as to how comparative advantage and labor productivity growth is relevant towards their economic growth. We seek to explore why these countries tend to lag behind in terms of productivity growth. Moreover, we also seek to compare China, the U.S., and the EU in terms of their trade competitiveness in various sectors to examine the convergence and divergence pattern of their comparative advantage.
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Norhashimah, Bt Mohammad Yasin. "Islamisation or Malaynisation? : a study on the role of Islamic law in the economic development of Malaysia : 1969-1993." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1994. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36106/.
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The thesis examines the role of Islam and Shariah (Islamic law) in the economic development of Malaysia and it rejects the assumption that Islam and Shariah inhibit economic development. In contemporary Malaysia, there are two 'policies' adopted by the Government. Firstly, 'Islamisation' which is for the advancement of Islamic law and institution building. Secondly, 'Malaynisation' which promotes the socio-economic development of the Malay ethnic group. The study adopts a holistic approach which covers the political economy of law in Malaysia. The thesis explores the relationship between the two policies considering in particular whether they are essentially the same. The study covers the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial periods although the focus is on the post-1969 period which involved the application of the New Economic Policy (NEP). The NEP was a pro-Malay Policy to rectif,' the economic imbalance of the Malays vis-à-vis other communities. Therefore, the focus of this thesis is on the Malay- Muslim population of Peninsular Malaysia who form the bulk of the Bumiputera (indigenous people). Two Bum iputera and Islamic organisations, Bank Islam (BIIMB) and Tabung Haji (TH) as well as the Bumiputera unit trust scheme, Amanah Saham Nasional (ASN) are used as the case studies. Their establishment, structure and organisation are examined. There is a specific focus on the extent to which they are examples of Islamisation or Malaynisation. It is clear that in contemporary Malaysia, Islam and Shariah are being used by the Government to promote economic development. Islamic values have been used to further Malay economic participation in the commercial sector. As a consequence, the economic position of many Malay-Muslims has greatly improved. However, the Government position is questioned by the Islamic opposition who say that the Islamisation policy in many respects is either contrary to Islam or merely cosmetic, and want a 'pure' Islamic approach. The thesis therefore involves a critical examination of the perspectives of both the Government and the Islamic opposition.
47
Hussein, El Siddig Abdel Bagi. "The regulation of labour and the state in the Sudan : a study of the relationship between the stage of social and economic development and the autonomy of labour relations law." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1986. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/37069/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is a study of labour regulation and the State in the Sudan in the light of a general theoretical conception of labour law and the State. The first Chapter defines the concepts of analysis that are used throughout the study, isolates the "essential" properties of the Capitalist State and Law from the historically concrete forms which they assume in a particular society and distinguishes between processes which influence development of the form of law and others which influence its sociological development. Drawing on the analysis in Chapter I, Chapter II exposes the inter-relationship between the Sudanese social formation, State and Law and the implication of this inter-relationship for both the form and substance of labour relations law. Chapters III, IV and V are specific verifications of the hypothesis regarding the inter-relationship between the State and labour relations law in the Sudan and that regarding the development of the "substance" and "ideology" of law in general. The thesis considers law as an empirically-founded discipline. But, it distinguishes between various types of empirical facts about law corresponding with respective semi-autonomous social levels at which law asserts its existence. The research method followed describes the empirical facts about law at the particular level and, in order to determine the epistemological significance of these facts, analytically relates them to empirical facts at other levels. Wherever used in the thesis the term "theory" signifies either this methodological procedure of analysing the inter-connection of empirical facts at a certain level and their inter-relation with other facts at other levels, or the substantive generalizations about law which findings at these various levels would allow. I consider my application of this methodology to the study of labour rela tions law, the historical dimension this application introduces in socio-economic analysis of this law, the criticism of certain Marxist and other sociological conceptions of law it enables, and the socio-histor ical relativity of the "substance" and "ideology" of law it reveals as original contributions to the knowledge of labour law. The compilation and evaluation within the framework of the thesis of empirical materials on industrial relations in the Sudan are likewise original contribution to the knowledge of Sudanese "labour law" and labour law in general.
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Lehmkuhl, Ursula. "Kanadas Öffnung nach Asien : der Colombo-Plan, das "New Commonwealth" und die Rekonstruktion des Sterlinggebietes 1949-52 /." Bochum : N. Brockmeyer, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35545453n.
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Furlund, Eivind B. "Singapore, from third to first world country : The effect of development in Little India and Chinatown." Thesis, Trondheim : Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Department of Geography, 2008. http://ntnu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:124648/FULLTEXT01.
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Azad, Abul Kalam. "Determinants of Asian Democratisation (1981-2005)." AUT University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/952.
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As a culturally distinctive region, Asia was chosen as the sample for this study. This empirical study investigated what the major trends of democratisation were in Asia between 1981 and 2005: why some countries became democratic while other countries failed to follow suit during that period. The main research hypothesis was: “That is it was mainly economic development that drove democratisation in Asia between 1981 and 2005”. Although some studies have studied the impact of economic development on democratisation in Asia, their findings have been inconclusive and focuses sometimes different. [To investigate the research hypothesis, 24 Asian countries were selected…measurement tools used etc…] For this research work, statistical and case study methods were applied. The data used in the analyses were collected from established data sources e.g. Freedom House (Freedom in the World, n.d.) and United Nations Statistics Division (UN Stat, n.d.). Repeated Measures in Linear Mixed Modeling (LMM) were used to analyse the quantitative data. Three case studies supplemented the findings of statistical analyses. Historical information and institutional and legal facts were also used in the case studies. This study found that increases in the level of economic development along with its equitable distribution in society and positive roles of political actors increase the level of democratisation in Asia. Some pro-democratic political and social institutions, such as tradition of parliamentarianism, and international organisations, for example Bretton wood institutions, also led to democratisation. A low extent of national political divide was found to result in a considerably high level of democratisation in a country where confrontation between major political forces is the main feature of politics. This study also found that a partial democracy with Asian values, economic legitimacy, a lack of corruption and a “systematic control” over opposition politicians can survive, and is not prone to higher level of democratisation. The Taiwan case revealed that, amongst other factors, the role of political actors and economic equity along with economic development is also vital for democratisation. The Singapore case explained how a “hybrid regime” in a rich country outsmarts democratisation. The study of Bangladesh provides an idea about other elements, e.g. lower level of political confrontation, that push for higher levels of democratisation.