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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic development – Africa, North'
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Park, Jong-Dae. "Political Economic Perspectives on the Development of the Middle East and North Africa." Korea Public Choice Association 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 75–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.55795/jpc.2022.1.1.075.
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The objective of this study is to examine the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and its challenges from the perspective of development with a goal to break down and make better sense of what seems to be the complexities and 'idiosyncrasies' of this region. The primary issues and concerns for the MENA countries have largely been perceived and dealt with through the vantage point of addressing conflicts in the geopolitical and historical context. In light of this, applying developmental approach that is multidisciplinary to understand and meet the challenges of the MENA region in a fundamental way would have many benefits, opening a new window of opportunities, academically and policy wise. From such stance, this paper focuses on and explains what are considered to be the three fundamental and core 'conditions' or tasks for the countries in the region: state-building and nation-building; participatory development; and capability of state. The importance of looking at the 'big picture' of the reality in the manner of reflection and metacognition is underscored.
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Volkov, S., and K. Tkachenko. "North Africa: Economic Development and Processes of Modernization." Азия и Африка сегодня, no. 4 (April 2019): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750004379-8.
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Cole, Lawalley. "Creating and Enhancing Capacity in Africa for Efficient Economic and Social Development." Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies 12, no. 4. (May 22, 2019): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/at.2018.12.4.3.
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We estimate that by 2050, one-third of the world’s population will live in Africa: up from about one-fifth in 2012. Such growth will be imbalanced across Africa with Southern and North African countries characterised by slowing or even negative youth population growth, while West Central, and East African countries will experience significant youth population increases. Sub-Saharan Africa will have a considerably higher youth–to-population ratio over the next 35 years. The continent must, therefore, be ready for an increasingly young labour force.
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Pfeifer, Karen. "Parameters of economic reform in North Africa." Review of African Political Economy 26, no. 82 (December 1999): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056249908704411.
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Matveevskii, Sergey. "African Development Bank: Experience in Assessing Inclusive Economic Growth in North Africa." Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN 59, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2022-59-2-35-48.
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The article discusses the African Development Bank (Bank), the features of its activities and the experience of assessing inclusive economic growth (IEG) in the countries of North Africa. The author reveals the structure of the EDI index (developed and tested for the countries of North Africa by the Bank’s specialists), based on the use of generally recognized social and economic indicators. The author concludes that the use of various indicators and weighting factors in the index will allow development banks (DBs) to objectively assess the impact of their activities on the EDI in regions and countries. The EDI index will complement the existing system for evaluating the activities of the BR, and will allow them to use their resources more efficiently, plan and implement projects and programs, considering current goals.
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Volkov, Sergey, and Alexandr Tkachenko. "North Africa: Economic Development and Modernization process. Part 1." Азия и Африка сегодня, no. 12 (2018): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750002570-9.
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Shkvarya, L. V. "North African countries: economic development and readiness for digitalization." International Trade and Trade Policy 8, no. 2 (July 28, 2022): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2022-2-105-117.
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The author believes that the countries of North Africa, with a much differentiated level of socio- economic and digital development, already have certain opportunities for digital development, the need for such development and the creation of digital potential, including in the field of digital trade. However, in our opinion, the countries of the region currently lack a strategic understanding of specific industry tasks in the field of digitalization. It is important to strengthen the presence of the Russian Federation in the digital segment of the region, especially in key segments of the economy. According to the author, the prerequisites for strengthening cooperation in this segment really exist, in particular, they are predetermined by both a fairly active digitalization in the Russian Federation and the growth of Russian-North African trade in the commodity segment and in the service sector based on the growing interest of the parties in the further development of bilateral cooperation, taking into account the growth of global uncertainty.
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Janssen, Willem G. "Economic and agricultural development in West Asia and North Africa." Food Policy 18, no. 6 (December 1993): 507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(93)90007-x.
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Behr, Timo, and Saskia van Genugten. "Europe in North Africa :." Jindal Journal of International Affairs 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2011): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.54945/jjia.v1i1.10.
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European geopolitics cast a long shadow in North Africa. Due to its political, economic and strategic interests in a ‘stable’ neighbourhood, Europe has for long discouraged a process of uncontrolled political change in North African countries. However, in the spring of 2011, mass demonstrations by Arab youths broke the prevailing deadlock in the region and swept away a number of long standing Arab dictators. The question that remains unanswered is to what extent the ‘Arab Spring’ will affect geo-political relations among Europeans and Europe’s standing as a whole in the global pecking order. Will Europe’s belated support for the Arab revolutions renew its geopolitical importance and international mission, or will it precipitate its interminable decline? In this article, this question is being scrutinised by looking at the historical development of European relations with North Africa and how Europe is trying to preserve some of its former influence despite domestic challenges and competition from new, non-Western actors.
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Sánchez-Hernández, M. Isabel, Luísa Cagica Carvalho, and Inna Sousa Paiva. "Orientation towards social responsibility of North-West African firms." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 365–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-07-2018-0171.
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Purpose Corporate social responsibility orientation (CSRO) is considered a crucial strategy to enhance long-term competitiveness around the world, and it is starting to be a broader issue in Africa. Based on recent works addressing the CSRO–performance relationship in countries outside the African continent, this paper aims to assess CRSO in North-West Africa. Design/methodology/approach In this study a questionnaire was distributed among 122 managers in two countries in North-West Africa: Guinea-Bissau and the Ivory Coast. Partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modelling (SEM) is used to assess the path or relationships for the North-West African context. Findings The results show that there is a generally positive perception of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of CSRO, although special emphasis is laid on the economic and social issues, mainly when they are related to human resources. The study also revealed the important role of innovation as mediator between CSRO and firm performance. Practical implications The study points out the role of managers in promoting a culture of social innovation by focussing on the CSR philosophy for improving the competitive success of African businesses. Social implications The social, economic and legal contexts of Guinea-Bissau and the Ivory Coast are vulnerable. The findings raise concerns about whether governments and regulatory efforts improve the development of the strategies towards social responsibility of African firms and whether they also increase the role of the firms in producing positive externalities to the market through CSRO. Originality/value Very few studies have investigated CSRO in Africa. Aiming to switch from the current CSRO in developed countries to an African perspective of CSRO, this paper contributes to filling the existing gap through the study of managers’ perceptions about CSR in two countries in North-West Africa: Guinea-Bissau and the Ivory Coast.
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Volkov, S. "A New Epoch in the Development of Russian-African Cooperation." World Economy and International Relations 64, no. 12 (2020): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2020-64-12-113-122.
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The article contains an analysis of the current state of trade and economic relations between Russia and African countries, as well as the prospects for their development after the first Russia-Africa Summit and the Economic Forum in Sochi in October 2019. The author notes a large surplus in Russia’s trade with Africa and explains the reasons for the dominance of the countries of North Africa, and especially Egypt, in its geographical structure. The main product groups are listed, through which Russia can increase exports to Africa; Russia’s main competitors in trade with the continent as well as state support measures for exporters are described. However, the main contribution to the development of Russian-African economic ties in the future will be made not by foreign trade, but by economic cooperation. Its flagships are now three major projects worth more than $1 billion each, all of which are carried out in Egypt. Among Russian companies investing in the economies of African countries, mining ones are currently dominant. Of these, Rosneft made the biggest investments. This company develops the largest gas field in Egypt – Zohr, and implements projects also in Mozambique. Exploration, finance and the IT technology sector are also of particular interest to Russian companies in Africa. The author indicates the most promising areas for the development of Russian- African industrial cooperation and the transfer of Russian technologies to this continent. In addition, in recent years, Russia and African countries have increasingly regarded security as an important area of bilateral relations. The article reveals the main threats to the security of African countries, the ability of Russian companies to strengthen it and Russia’s contribution to UN peacekeeping operations in Africa, in comparison with contributions of the other permanent members of the Security Council. It describes a number of measures that can contribute to the development of Russian-African partnership in the context of the Sochi consensus.
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Soto, Raimundo. "The economic development process in the Middle East and North Africa." Middle East Development Journal 6, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17938120.2014.920212.
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Tovias, Alfred. "The Economic Development Process in the Middle East and North Africa." Mediterranean Politics 21, no. 3 (January 14, 2016): 467–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2015.1128674.
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Ding Qing and A. N. Ospanova. "THE NORTH AFRICAN FACTOR IN EUROPEAN SECURITY." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Economics series, no. 2.2021 (June 17, 2021): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/ntlz8865.
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"Since 2000, there have been frequent outbreaks of violent terrorist incidents in many European countries, the reasons for which are both external reasons of the deteriorating global security situation and internal reasons of the development dilemma that European countries themselves are caught in. Many European countries suffered from financial crisis, economic development stagnated and social conflicts intensified. Of particular concern is that these terrorist incidents in European countries are closely linked to North African countries. the refugee flows since 2015 have exacerbated tensions between Europe and North Africa, putting European security at great risk. Europe and North Africa have been inextricably linked through time in terms of geographic location, historical processes and physical developments. At present, security concerns of European countries still exist, and if appropriate measures are not taken to address them, these concerns will not disappear on their own and may even continue to worsen if the global counterterrorism situation takes a turn for the worse or the situation in Libya remains intractable, and I will propose some solutions to this problem in this paper."
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Clapham, Christopher. "Decolonising African Studies?" Journal of Modern African Studies 58, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x19000612.
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AbstractInsistent calls to ‘decolonise’ African studies beg the question of what this quest actually involves. If it refers to an attempt to understand the continent's diverse and complex societies that builds on their indigenous structures and values, this was a task initiated during the decolonisation era of the 1950s and early 1960s. Led by historians and drawing heavily on insights from anthropology, it led to a revolution in the understanding of Africa, which nonetheless failed to maintain its impetus as a result of the political authoritarianism and economic decay of the post-independence period, which had a particularly damaging impact on Africa's universities. Of late, however, the phrase has come to refer to developments notably in North America and Europe, which in subordinating the study of Africa to agendas in the global North may appropriately be described not as decolonisation but as recolonisation. A genuine decolonisation of knowledge production for Africa must rest on a return to its roots within the continent itself.
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Nabli, Mustapha Kamel, and Marie-Ange Véganzonès-Varoudakis. "Reform complementarities and economic growth in the Middle East and North Africa." Journal of International Development 19, no. 1 (January 2007): 17–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1286.
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Aregbeshola, Rafiu Adewale. "The role of local financial market on economic growth." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 7, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-06-2014-0048.
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Purpose – Capital market development has been identified as one of the critical underpinnings of economic growth, in the developed but more essentially in the developing economies. Evidence abounds on the virtues of adequately spanned capital markets to provide requisite capital needed to fund investment activities as well as infrastructural developments. Although, foreign capital may be sourced to supplement inadequate local capital base, the associated costs (both logistics and supervisory) are generally daring to consider as convenient alternatives. Various studies have examined the role of local financial market development on economic growth, but none have strictly generated a combined focus on the three major African groupings – the Southern, the Western and the Northern African regions. In addition, there is no documented study that has compared the economic performance of each of these three major economic groupings in Africa. The purpose of this paper is to fill these voids. Design/methodology/approach – Various econometric techniques that include descriptive statistics, unit root tests, dynamic panel estimations and Granger causality tests. Findings – Using data generated from the African development indicators between 1980 and 2012 in contemporary econometric estimations, this study finds that local financial markets play crucial roles in economic development of each of these groupings, albeit in varying magnitude. The study also observes that local financial market plays very little role in the overall economic development of the three groupings when interacted. Research limitations/implications – A limited dataset, which reduces the time span as well as the number of countries covered in the study. A wider coverage may have altered the result generated, especially for the pooled estimation. Practical implications – That African countries should develop local financial markets in order to improve their level of economic growth. Social implications – Low rate of economic development has created a lot of social stress in Africa. Further, the fact that African leaders have largely not been able to grow their national economies in a meaningful and sustainable manner further unnerves skittish entrepreneurial underdevelopment on the continent, thereby exacerbates incidence and prevalence of poverty, and consequent social uprisings on a number of occasions. Originality/value – This study finds that financial market plays an important role on economic growth, whereas the effects are lower in the Southern African region. More specifically, the effects of financial market development on economic growth are stronger in North and West Africa than in Southern African regions. Given that Southern Africa financial market is more developed than the other two regions, this finding buttresses the fact that financial market development is significantly more important as a growth-driver in less developed financial markets than in developed ones.
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Świerczyńska, Katarzyna. "Structural transformation and economic development in the best performing sub-Saharan African states." Equilibrium 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 547–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.v12i4.29.
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Research background: Economic development in sub-Saharan Africa is of paramount importance, yet it escapes most of the attempts to understand it better in the economic dis-course, and it remains a sensitive issue in politics, contradicting stakeholders at national and international levels. The region still lags behind others in terms of technological advancement and economic development. It has grown significantly in the precedent decade, but the extent of growth has not sufficiently translated to its development. Determining strategies for sub-Saharan Africa is a scientific challenge, which requires more attention. In the globalized, interconnected reality, solving problems of the South is in the best interest of the North.
Purpose of the article: The aim of this research is to analyze structural changes as factors of economic development in the best performing sub-Saharan African countries on the grounds of new structural economics in order to provide policy implications. Methods: Namibia, Botswana, South Africa and Gabon were selected as best performing economies in the region. Based on the literature review and the analysis of descriptive statis-tics, profiles of sample countries were set. This in turn allowed to determine the potential explanatory variables for OLS model of economic development. In the model, factors relating to labour productivity, technology and structural change were included. The data was sourced from WDI (World Development Indicators) database, Gretl software was used for computations.
Findings & Value added: This paper contributes to the literature by attempting to explain structural changes in the process of economic development in the sub-Saharan region on the sample of best performing states. The paradigm of new structural economics provided theo-retical grounds for empirical analysis. Based on the results, policy implications were proposed with respect to technology promotion, natural resources management, and quality of institutions. The research was limited by data availability and reliability.
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Zreik, Mohamad. "China and Europe in Africa: Competition or Cooperation?" Malaysian Journal of International Relations 9, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/mjir.vol9no1.3.
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This paper presents the development strategies of the European Union and China towards Africa. European development aid has always been accompanied by political and economic conditions such as adopting neoliberalist policies, democracy and regime modification. As for China, its development policies have not been conditional because it adopts the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries and a win-win strategy. The paper points to a great disparity between the Chinese and European development strategies. China represents the South-South development model, and the European Union provides the North-South development model. The development experience in Africa indicates the progress of the Chinese model and its attraction to the African governments and peoples.
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Klasen, Stephan. "Handelspolitik mit Afrika und Bekämpfung von Fluchtursachen." Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik 67, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfwp-2018-0019.
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Abstract There is renewed interest in Europe to deepen trade with Africa in the hope that this will reduce migrant flows. While improved trade with Africa will not reduce but likely stimulate migrant flows, it could promote African development and further European long-term economic interests. To deepen trade, this article argues for further trade integration with North Africa with a long-term EU membership perspective. To further trade with Sub Saharan Africa, it suggests greater use of unilateral trade opening on the part of the EU, including more flexible application of rules of origin.
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Baliamoune-Lutz, Mina. "Financial Development and Income in North Africa." International Advances in Economic Research 14, no. 4 (September 2, 2008): 422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11294-008-9176-5.
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PARENT, ANTOINE. "Introduction to the Special Issue on colonial institutions and African development." Journal of Institutional Economics 14, no. 2 (November 9, 2017): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137417000510.
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AbstractThis special issue, devoted to the analysis of colonial institutions in the economic performance of countries both pre- and post-colonialism Africa, aims to be a contribution, in the vein of North (2005), to the field of colonial studies in comparative institutional perspective. The papers in this issue combine the history of economic thought, econometrics, economic history, cliometrics and the analysis of colonial institutions. These approaches shed a new light on the question of path-dependence and historical dynamics. They suggest that as former African colonial countries move away from the colonial period, the shadow of colonial institutions is less marked and is now rivalled in importance by the extent of democracy, which now plays a crucial role in their economic development.
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Mkandawire, Thandika. "Incentives, Governance, and Capacity Development in Africa." African Issues 30, no. 1 (2002): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500006247.
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When donors take the driver ‘s seat, Africans move to the back seat. When donors try to do the same thing in Vietnam, Vietnamese get out of the car.—AnonymousAfrica’s brain drain to the North is part of a much larger story of the capacity-building challenges facing the continent. During the past 20 years African economies struggled through what are often referred to as the “lost decades.” The region’s economies have been characterized by dependence on economic aid and technical assistance. It is surmised that there are more expatriate “experts” in Africa now than at any time since independence. Technical assistance rose from US$1 billion in 1971 to US$4 billion in 1995. Africans themselves have, as the epigram suggests, taken the back seat, and the skilled ones among them have increasingly migrated abroad.
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Andrianarimanana, Mihasina Harinaivo, and Pu Yongjian. "Importance of the Improvement in the Agricultural Technology of Sub-Saharan Africa on Local Economic Development and International Trade." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052555.
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This study assesses the impacts of technological innovation in Sub-Saharan African agriculture on local and global economies. Using the Eaton–Kortum model, with θ = 4.0875, the results show that comparative advantage’s positive impact on agricultural trade more than offsets the negative impacts of geography barriers. Sub-Saharan Africa is among the least competitive region with respect to agriculture production. This is due to its low value of the technology parameter, about 0.16 compared to the North American’s one (93.23). We found that increasing the technology of a country in Sub-Saharan Africa would increase world trade volume within the range of 0.02 to 0.19%. It would increase the local agricultural monthly wage and the welfare of farmers in the Sub-Saharan African region. Therefore, to improve technology in the Sub-Saharan African region, policymakers need to attract foreign direct investment by making incentives and increasing labor skills. This study adds to the literature by determining the contribution of the agricultural sector in Sub-Saharan Africa in global economic development through international trade. It also informs policies on the reduction of poverty and food insecurity around the world in order to achieve some of the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Vandenhole, Wouter. "De-Growth and Sustainable Development: Rethinking Human Rights Law and Poverty Alleviation." Law and Development Review 11, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 647–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0033.
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Abstract In strong definitions, sustainable development has been argued to imply the prevalence of the environmental dimension over the economic one. The prioritization of the environmental (planet) and (arguably also the) social (people) pillar over the economic (profit) one may require a rather radical departure from assumptions of economic growth, including zero-growth or even de-growth, as argued in post-growth or ecological economics. This article asks the “what if” question. What if unorthodox, ecological economics got it right that post-growth or growth agnosticism is the new economic norm? What are the implications for human rights law and for the field of human rights and development? How could poverty alleviation look like in a growth agnostic scenario? The objective of this article is to draw out in an exploratory way some of the implications of strong definitions of sustainable development for human rights law and its relevance for development. At first, this intellectual exercise may look irrelevant or even cynical in the context of Africa, where more than 40% of the population, more than 300 million people, live in poverty. However, I see two major reasons for also debating in an African context the implications of growth agnosticism for human rights law. First, economic growth does not necessarily lead to economic development, let alone human development, and has typically come at a huge environmental cost. Alternative approaches that focus more directly on human well-being and ecological sustainability may help avoid a simple mimicking of the historical development of the global North. Second, ecological economics shifts the attention from growth to redistribution. The latter is a key challenge within Africa and within African countries, as well as from a global perspective. I examine how to factor in the consequences of post-growth or doughnut economics in the conceptual analysis of socio-economic human rights, and in the role of human rights law in development (cooperation), globally and nationally. In particular, I will try and set a research agenda on two issues that require further examination: the redefinition of obligations of international assistance and cooperation in human rights law and the reconceptualization of equality towards redistributive equality in human rights-based development cooperation interventions.
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Brach, Juliane. "Technology, Political Economy, and Economic Development in the Middle East and North Africa." Review of Middle East Economics and Finance 5, no. 3 (January 11, 2010): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1475-3693.1240.
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Borlea, Sorin Nicolae, Codruta Mare, Monica Violeta Achim, and Adriana Puscas. "Direction of Causality Between Financial Development and Economic Growth. Evidence for Developing Countries." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sues-2016-0006.
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Abstract The results of extensive studies that analyzed the existence and meaning of correlations between the economic growth and the financial market development lead us to a more thorough study of these correlations. Therefore, we performed a broad study of the developing countries from around the world (the developing part of each region constructed by the World Bank through its Statistics Bureau). The regions taken into analysis were: Europe and Central Asia, South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, the Arab world, Latin America & and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa. For comparison purposes, we have also included in the sample the North American countries, the Euro Area and the European Union as a whole, because these last three areas are the main benchmarks of the financial markets. The results are consistent with those from previous studies on the subject and vary depending on region and financial indicator considered.
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Russell, Clifford S., Christopher D. Clark, and Eric C. Schuck. "Economic Instruments for Water Management in the Middle East and North Africa." International Journal of Water Resources Development 23, no. 4 (December 2007): 659–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900620701488596.
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Němečková, Tereza, Lea Melnikovová, and Natalia Piskunova. "Russia's return to Africa: a comparative study of Egypt, Algeria and Morocco." Journal of Modern African Studies 59, no. 3 (August 26, 2021): 367–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x21000070.
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AbstractThe article analyses Russia's recent return to Africa. It attempts to answer the question to what extent Russia has abandoned its traditional tools of cooperation such as nuclear energy and military cooperation and engaged in new ‘smart’ ones as indicated by former Foreign Minister Ivanov in 2011. The paper builds on three case studies of African countries having the largest trade volume with Russia in 2018, i.e. Egypt, Algeria and Morocco, and analyses their changing relationship with Russia over the last decade. The results show that Russia has not abandoned its traditional tools but has intensified the use of new ones. The North African region as such has regained significance in Russia's foreign policy. Bilateral relations with all three North African countries have increased at both political and economic levels recently.
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Sumbai, Gasiano G. N. "Revival of the New East African Community: A New Era of Economic Integration or Re-division among African Regional Powers?" Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 71–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/tza20211114.
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This paper examines the forces behind the revival of the East African Community in 1999 and its impact on the structural economic relations in East African countries. It uses political economy as a guiding theory in the analysis. Drawing on a range of written sources ranging from documents of the East Africa Community itself and Southern Africa Development Community such as declarations, protocols, policy statements, trade statistics and parliamentary speeches and secondary sources such as books and newspapers, this paper demonstrates that the interface between the global and regional forces relating to the demise of the Cold War and an effort to create new regional and global structural relations in the post-Cold War caused East African states to revive the defunct East African Community as part of the post-Cold War realignment. Kenya as a regional economic powerhouse driven by agricultural, manufacturing, financial and tourism sectors struggled to protect her national economic interests through regional integration that would limit the growing influence of the post-Apartheid South Africa in eastern Africa. Despite the revival of the Community, the integration did not facilitate Tanzania and Uganda to address the colonial structural economic imbalances, some of which were economic legacies and others emerged during the post-colonial period. Therefore, Tanzania and Uganda continued to depend on Western Europe, North America, Japan and China as their major trading partners, source of capital and technology while Kenya continued to be a regional economic powerhouse.
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wa Muiu, Mueni. "African Countries’ Political Independence at Fifty: In Search of Democracy, Peace and Social Justice." African and Asian Studies 12, no. 4 (2013): 331–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341271.
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Abstract What lessons can we draw from the past fifty years of political independence in African countries? Which mistakes can we avoid in the future? Can there be peace without social justice? Four mistakes must be avoided if democracy, peace and social justice are to be achieved in African countries. Drawing on lessons from Central, East, North, West and Southern Africa, I use Fundi wa Africa – a multidisciplinary approach based on a long term historical perspective to argue that individual nationhood (the first mistake) has not resulted in democracy and peace. Only Pan-Africanism (based on the needs and interests of Africans as they define them) will lead to democracy and peace. The second mistake is that leading international financial institutions (IFI) and some Africans assume that democracy has to be introduced to Africa. This assumption is based on the belief that Africans and their culture have nothing to contribute to their own development. As a result liberal democracy is promoted by these agencies as the only option available for African countries. The third mistake is the belief that a colonial state which was developed to fulfill the market and labor needs of colonial powers can lead to democracy and peace for Africans. The fourth mistake is African leaders’ and their supporters’ conviction that neither African intellectuals nor women have any place in African development and may only be given symbolic positions. Without economic independence, the political gains of the past fifty years will be lost. The founding fathers and mothers of Africa’s freedom fought and achieved political independence, but it is up to the next generation to strive for economic empowerment. Only then will African countries cease to be homes for bankrupt ideas as they are freed from conflict and hunger.
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El-Anis, Imad. "Economic Integration and Security in the Middle East and North Africa: What Prospects for a Liberal Peace?" Journal of Developing Societies 34, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 233–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x18784683.
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Since the late 1980s governments in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have created commercial institutions in order to promote regional economic integration. The primary aim of this policy has been regarded as the promotion of economic welfare gains at the national level. The second, albeit less-emphasized goal, has been to promote regional peace through economic interdependence. This study examines the prospects for a liberal peace in the MENA by analyzing two stages of the commercial institutional peace. First, the study considers whether commercial institutions have promoted intra-regional trade in the MENA. Second, it examines whether economic interaction has had an impact on promoting peace within the region. Twenty states are considered here and the unit of analysis is the dyad-year over a 25-year period from 1990 to 2014. This study finds that commercial institutions in the MENA have only a limited positive correlation with trade volume and while there is a direct positive correlation between economic integration and peace in the region, this is quite limited. These findings suggest that the conclusions made by previous studies demonstrate a direct positive correlation between commercial institutions (and economic integration more generally) and peace, may be less applicable to some regions such as MENA.
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Beukes, A. J. "Black perspectives on economic development in Southern Africa, University of the North, 2 October 1985." Development Southern Africa 2, no. 4 (November 1985): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768358508439192.
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Emamgholipour, Sara, Mohammad Arab, and Zahra Mohajerzadeh. "Life insurance demand: Middle East and North Africa." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 4 (April 10, 2017): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2015-0106.
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Purpose Life insurance is a kind of long-term investment; hence, the purpose of buying life insurance is to cover both current and future damages for the insured. Although insurance plays a crucial rule in fiscal and economic development, in MENA countries, insurance, especially life insurance, remains undeveloped, with a low penetration rate. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine the factors that affect life insurance demand. Design/methodology/approach To analyze the determinants of life insurance demand during 2004-2012, a panel data model was estimated with Eviews software. Data on population, gross domestic product (GDP), interest rate, inflation rate, and human development index are extracted from the World Bank, and data on life insurance premium are gathered from Sigma International reports. Findings Results show that the price elasticity of life insurance demand is −0.77, the elasticity of life insurance subject to HDI is 1.68, the elasticity of life insurance subject to GDP is 0.92, and the elasticity of life insurance subject to interest rate is −0.33. The demand for life insurance has a positive significant relationship with population size. Research limitations/implications The low elasticity of life insurance demand subject to GDP, interest rate, and inflation rate shows that the life insurance penetration rate in MENA countries is due to the dominance of compulsory insurance, and not due to voluntary purchasing of life insurance. The higher effect of HDI on the life insurance demand illustrates that, for developing the life insurance market, it is first necessary to improve the standard of life, education status, and the economic base. Originality/value As in the MENA region life insurance has remained undeveloped and there are no related studies in this area, it can be hypothesized that the life insurance penetration rate in MENA is due to the dominance of compulsory insurance and not due to voluntary purchasing of life insurance. The higher effect of HDI on life insurance demand illustrates that, for developing the life insurance market, it is first necessary to improve the standard of life, education status, and economic base.
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Freeman, Linda. "L’ouverture sur le marché africain." Études internationales 14, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 103–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701469ar.
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While in the past, Canada has earned a fairly liberal reputation as it developed political relations with African countries, the trend for the 1980s has been to concentrate on promoting trade and investment. In particular, the interest in expanding markets for Canadian manufactured exports has led to the co-ordination of the Export Development Corporation (EDC) and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) to encourage and support the private sector. As a result, exports to Africa have tripled in the past five years and North Africa (especially Algeria) is becoming a region of major importance for Canadian exporter s. Although in the past the Canadian government has been ambiguous about its approach to promoting trade and investment in white-ruled Southern Africa, it has strengthened its inclination to leave the private sector alone, regardless of the support which Canadian companies are giving to the apartheid system. The before, in the 1980s, Canada's relations with Africa are being increasingly governed by economic imperatives as the government attempts to come to grips with the problems emerging from the economic recession.
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Maitah, Mansoor, and Luboš Smutka. "Economic analysis of milk production and consumption in the Middle East and North Africa." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 4 (2012): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260040245.
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Milk products are considered as the essential food commodities for humans. Milk products contain essential elements for the human body such as protein, glucose, minerals and vitamins. Moreover, milk is considered the cheapest source of animal protein, an important resource for some related transformation industries and provides employment opportunities for a large number of small producers in both rural and urban areas. The aim of this paper is to analyze the factors which determine the supply and demand for liquid milk (henceforth milk) in the Middle East and North Africa in order to point out the main problems and constraints obstructing the milk production in this region. The research also attempts to understand the drivers for the development in milk production in the Middle East and North Africa.Total milk production in the Middle East and North Africa increased from about 12.57 million tons in 1990 to about 25.18 millions tons in 2008. This paper attempts to identify the factors which influence the effectiveness of production, consumption and foreign trade of milk in the Middle East and North Africa. The most important factors affecting consumption is the population, per capita income and produced quantity where a 1% increase in all of them results in increasing the quantity consumed by 1.3%, 2.86% and 0.611%, respectively. Milk sector provides employment opportunities for more than 25% of the working force in some Middle East and North Africa countries.
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Chaplyuk, Vladimir, and Ahmad Humssi. "Current barriers to economic development in North African countries." Theoretical and practical aspects of Management 2021, no. 5 (May 2021): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46486/0234-4505-2021-5-30-45.
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Soumaré, Issouf. "Does FDI improve economic development in North African countries?" Applied Economics 47, no. 51 (June 2, 2015): 5510–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1051655.
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Yousef, Tarik M. "Development, Growth and Policy Reform in the Middle East and North Africa since 1950." Journal of Economic Perspectives 18, no. 3 (August 1, 2004): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0895330042162322.
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The September 11 terrorist attacks ignited global interest in the Middle East. Observers in the region and abroad were quick to highlight the development “deficits” in Middle Eastern countries which have been linked to everything from structural economic imbalances to deficient political systems, the curse of natural resources, and even culture and religion. This paper reviews the development history of the Middle East and North Africa region in the post-World War II era, providing a framework for understanding past outcomes, current challenges and the potential for economic and political reform.
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Tendengu, Simbarashe, Forget Mingiri Kapingura, and Asrat Tsegaye. "Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth in South Africa." Economies 10, no. 9 (August 24, 2022): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10090204.
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Several fiscal policy strategies have been implemented in South Africa since 1994, starting from the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), Growth Employment and Redistribution (GEAR), Broad-Black Economic Empowerment strategy (BEE), AsgiSA (Accelerated and shared growth initiative for South Africa), and the New Growth Path framework (NGP) with the aim of boosting economic growth. However, the rate of economic growth in the country over the years is not convincing. It is also important to note that poverty still remains prevalent and persistent, predominantly in the poverty-stricken areas of provinces such as Eastern Cape, Limpopo, North West, and Mpumalanga. In light of this, the main aim of the study was to examine the effect of fiscal policy instruments on economic growth in South Africa for the period from 1988 to 2018, utilising the autoregressive distributed lag model, mainly due to the order of integration of the variables. Empirical results revealed that there is a positive relationship between fiscal policy instruments (public sector expenditure, public consumption spending, and taxation) and economic growth. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the government should distinguish between productive and unproductive spending and increase spending on productive sectors. The implication of these findings is that South Africa’s economy is likely to perform better if more resources are diverted from government consumption to investment spending.
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Ponomarenko, Lyudmila V., and Danil A. Piskunov. "China Djibouti: Strategic partnership in East Africa." RUDN Journal of World History 14, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-2-158-174.
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The development of Chinese-African relations obtains a long history. Within its history, developing countries moved toward mutually beneficial partnerships developing a geopolitical alternative to the North-South relations. This paper examines improving relations between China and Djibouti and the main motives, principles and benefits derived from relationships of two countries within the framework of the South-South cooperation concept. Investigating two countries cooperation authors are guided by such international databases as China Africa Research Initiative, AidData, China Africa Project as well as Russian and Chinese aid. The paper is considering key investments projects and their role in the development of the African country economy as well as China aid in the struggle with economic and social problems. In its role, Djibouti being a logistic hub in South Africa plays a significant part in Chinese geoeconomic and political projects in South Africa. The present analysis allows to make the conclusion that Djibouti not only develops the shipping ecosystem but also gains influence on regional affairs and in international organisations. By means of the deployment of the military base China creates a favourable investment climate with a view to extending the volume of investments and trade.
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Jarad, Ali, Almokhtar Attwairi, Tarek Elaswed, and Elhadi Elmghirbi. "The role of the southern Libyan Saharan cities in building their relations with neighbouring countires." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 102, no. 1 (2022): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd2201141j.
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The southern Libyan cities (Ghat, Murzuq, and Al-Kufra) played their political, economic, and social role in Libyan relations with neighbouring countries during various historical phases. These cities paved the way for building economic relations, especially the exchange of goods between North and South Africa through Mediterranean ports to Europe. The main goal of the research is to stress the role of the Saharan towns and cities in building relations between Libya and neighbouring countries and to tracking the political, economic and social impacts on Saharan cities, but also their effects between the northern African region and southern Libya towards African Sub-Saharan region. Additionally, it is important to explain the role of southern cities geographically in the influx of illegal migration of temporary transit and settlement areas and crossing north to Europe and studying the impact of instability and insecurity after 2011 in the tribal and ethnic conflict in southern Libyan region. The importance of the study is based on identifying the political, economic, and social conditions of southern Libyan region and its important historical cities.
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Kucukcan, Talip. "Islam, Democracy., and Freedom in North Africa." American Journal of Islam and Society 9, no. 2 (July 1, 1992): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v9i2.2565.
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The Islamic Society of the London School of Economics (LondonUniversity) recently orgamed a one-day conference on “Islam, Democracy andFreedom in North Africa.” In attendance were scholars from several universitiesas well as religious leaders and former statesmen. The audience was composedmainly of university students.The first session featured S. Salaam of the Sorbonne (Paris), who discussedthe recent situation in Algeria after touching on late nineteenth- and earlytwentiethcentury social, political, and religious developments. He talked aboutthe ulama’s role as a source of mobilization against French colonial rule as wellas their attempts to motivate the masses, through their dynamic Islamic teachings,to struggle for the emancipation of Algeria. According to him, the moral andspiritual support of the learned segment of Algerian society enabled the nationalistleaders to unite the people behind a national cause, one which is also conceivedof as the religious obligation of jihad. On a more recent note, Salaam noted thatthe media has attributed the Islamic Salvation Party’s (FIS) success in the lastelections to Algeria’s economic backwardness. While there may be some truthto this argument, the success of Islamic ideology lies in its emphasis on socialjustice and equality, the strengthening of morality, and the uplifting of Qur’anicteachings. This is in stark contrast to the widespread corruption prevalent amongthe ruling elite. Salaam argued that the FIS has provided people with an authenticsense of identity which can be used to fill the gaps caused by modernization.The second paper was presented by Julian C. Hollick, a radio joumalist withAmerica’s National Public Radio organization. Addressing the topic of Islamand the media, Hollick laid out the Western media’s misconceptions anddistortions of Islam, which he attributed to either poor journalism or ignoranceof (or prejudice towards) Islam. He noted that journalists are not as objectiveas is commonly believed, for they are products of a given society and share inits stereotypical images and prejudices. These factors can prevent a journalistfrom penetrating beneath the surface of a foreign culture and society. Hollickproposed that ignorance of different interpretations of events and a superficialstudy of the phenomenon being investigated results in both poor journalism anda distorted coverage of events. He stated that many Western journalists tend tocover the ”pathologic aspects of development“ in the Muslim world (i.e., militantIslam and women’s rights) since such stories have a greater chance of being ...
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Schatz, Sayre P. "Laissez-Faireism for Africa?" Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1987): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00007631.
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There are fads in development economics,1 and the latest today, at least in the North, is what may be called laissez-faireism. This states the belief that a retreat from government activism in economic affairs is the major means of improving the quality of a country's performance. It is seen as ‘central to the solution of a lot of the problems we see around the world’.2Such a strategy stresses the benefits of reliance on markets, on profit incentives, and on the growth of private sectors. Free-market pricing is crucial not only for products (in Africa, particularly agricultural products), but also in factor markets and in international transactions. Wages should be allowed to find their own level, as determined by supply and demand. Exchange rates should also be permitted to approach their natyral levels, for artificially over-valued exchange rates are especially damaging. Tariffs and other forms of protection should be cut back. Countries should turn away from inward-looking import-substitution towards outward-looking export-orientation. 3
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Claassen, Carike, and Derick Blaauw. "“. . . What Is Going On in the Lives of These People?”: Encouraging Community Engagement in Development Economics Studies." SAGE Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): 215824401982955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019829553.
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To respond to the numerous socioeconomic challenges facing South Africa, universities must equip students to actively participate in economic development initiatives. Students from Economics and all disciplines in the Social Sciences have a pertinent role to play in this regard. This article presents an initiative to implement service learning as part of the curriculum for Development Economics students at undergraduate and postgraduate levels at a South African public university. Undergraduate and postgraduate students acted as fieldworkers who carried out survey research in the local informal economy in the university town of Potchefstroom in South Africa’s North West Province. The experiences of students and lecturers in these two complimenting projects are compared and contrasted. The enthusiasm for the project was a clear theme emerging form the pilot projects. Future endeavors must employ even more resources to enable even more reflection in the learning experience. The possibility and benefits of converting the complete curriculum of Development Economics into a service learning approach also emerged from the research.
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Koch-Weser, Caio. "ECONOMIC REFORM AND REGIONAL COOPERATION: A DEVELOPMENT AGENDA FOR THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA." Middle East Policy 2, no. 2 (May 1993): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4967.1993.tb00070.x.
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Deegan, Heather. "North Africa in Transition: State, Society and Economic Transformation in the 1990s (review)." Africa Today 48, no. 4 (2001): 156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/at.2001.0067.
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Sgroi, Filippo, Mario Foderà, Anna Maria Di Trapani, Salvatore Tudisca, and Riccardo Testa. "Profitability of Artichoke Growing in the Mediterranean Area." HortScience 50, no. 9 (September 2015): 1349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.9.1349.
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Cultivation of artichokes for production is significant in the Mediterranean Basin. Italy represents an important productive hub and in this context, Sicily has been one of the foremost production areas. Artichoke production is a stable element of either specialized or mixed production systems in the region. However, due to the economic recession and increasing imports of artichokes from North African countries, many companies are undergoing crisis, with concerns for the negative impact on the socioeconomic fabric, in terms of the rising unemployment an eventual collapse of this specific activity would determine. According to the theory of economic development, a prerequisite of a territory’s development is that its economic enterprises be competitive. Ensuing from this hypothesis, this article analyzes the profitability of artichoke production in the Mediterranean. The study was conducted in Sicily, an island in the heart of the Mediterranean, where its cultivation is a long-standing tradition. Our results showed a low profitability for artichoke cultivation in relation to the unfavorably high production costs, whereas the low market prices also reflect the competition from countries of North Africa.
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Dillman, Bradford. "International Markets and Partial Economic Reforms in North Africa: What Impact on Democratization?" Democratization 9, no. 1 (March 2002): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714000243.
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Hay, Anette, and Gustav Visser. "Socio-cultural and socio-economic features of second homes in Rosendal, South Africa." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 26, no. 26 (December 1, 2014): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2014-0051.
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Abstract Second homes have seen increased research interest over the last decade. On the whole, these investigations have mainly been understood in the spatial context of the developed North. Second homes have only recently been seen as a role player in the changing economic spatialities of small town geographies in South Africa. This growing scholarship on second homes has, however, been less concerned with the social impacts of the phenomenon. The investigation is set against the argument that second homes have social impacts on the immediate and surrounding areas in which they are situated. This investigation also demonstrates that second homes are phenomena with which not only the elite engage but a range of different socio-economic cohorts, including the poor. The social impacts of second homes in this investigation are shown to vary along race and class lines. Against the backdrop that second homes are relevant to very large parts of South African society, the social impacts associated with second homes need to be taken into account in future development planning in South Africa.