Journal articles on the topic 'Economic crisi'
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Paolazzi, Luca. "Nella crisi, oltre la crisi." ECONOMIA E POLITICA INDUSTRIALE, no. 1 (April 2009): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/poli2009-001003.
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- The economic crisis has changed the priorities of Italian manufacturing companies. The collapse of both domestic and foreign demand, together with the creeping credit crunch, has put survival at the top of the agenda. Many Italian firms have been struck during a process of change and innovation of products, processes and organization. Transformation is important and must continue, but this process of change requires policies aimed at supporting consumption and investment, in the absence of which even healthy companies would fail to outlive the crisis. This article explains what kind of policies are needed and why. Keywords: depression, credit crunch, corporate governance, industrial policies, incentives to consume Parole chiave: depressione, restrizione del credito, corporate governance, politiche industriali, incentivi al consumo Jel Classification: L25
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Scichilone, Laura. "L'Europa verde. La politica ambientale comunitaria dalle origini al riconoscimento formale dell'Atto unico (1972-1986)." MEMORIA E RICERCA, no. 30 (July 2009): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mer2009-030007.
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- The article describes the main dynamics characterizing the beginnings of the European environmental policy in the Seventies. The author reconstructs the European institutions role and some aspects concerning their relations with the international context, which has deeply influenced the European Economic Community action in this sector. In particular, the author describes the first phase of this policy evolution, which ended in 1986, when the Single Act recognized the Community competence in the environmental field. During this time, the Community developed the environmental political action and it gradually changed its corrective approach into a preventive one. The article focuses on some important events of this transformation and some measures adopted by the European Economic Community in order to improve the environmental prevention standards in the member States.Parole chiave: Politica ambientale, Comunitŕ economica europea, Atto unico europeo, Crisi ecologica, Crisi energetica, Prevenzione ambientale Environmental Policy, European Economic Community, Single European Act, Environmental Crisis, Energy Crisis, Environmental Prevention
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Kislov, D. "HYBRIDN CRISI OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS." Investytsiyi: praktyka ta dosvid, no. 10 (May 31, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6814.2019.10.73.
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Michelini, Luca. "Keynes o Marx? Sulle origini e i rimedi delle crisi." STUDI ECONOMICI, no. 105 (May 2012): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ste2011-105004.
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Ricorrendo ad un excursus di storia del pensiero economico che richiama i contributi di Proudhon e Gesell, l'autore puntualizza differenze e convergenze che sussistono tra l'analisi di Keynes delle cause e dei rimedi delle crisi e quella di Marx. L'invito č di superare la pura disputa dottrinaria, per trovare concrete e innovative prassi di governo capaci di superare un modo di produzione capitalistico sempre piů ingiusto, instabile e conflittuale. Resorting to an overview of the history of economic thought that recalls the contributions of Proudhon and Gesell, the author points out that there are differences and convergences between Keynes's analysis of the causes and remedies of the crisis and those of Marx. The invitation is to go beyond the pure doctrinal disputes, to find practical and innovative governance practices that exceed a capitalist mode of production more and more unjust, unstable and conflictual.
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Florio, Massimo. "La crisi americana: appunti di viaggio." QA Rivista dell'Associazione Rossi-Doria, no. 2 (May 2009): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qu2009-002004.
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- This paper comments on an editorial on the American crisis published in the New York Times by Professor Casey Mulligan, University of Chicago. According to Mulligan, the crisis is nothing more than a financial fluctuation: the banks should not be bailed out, other financial actors can take care of business investments, the delay in investment and consumption is not a big problem and public intervention is therefore useless. This paper argues, instead, that the current crisis is not primarily financial but originates from a prolonged shock that hit income distribution. The share of labour declined, while the share of capital increased. To sustain returns on capital it was necessary to force lending to consumers. In the short term both monetary and fiscal policy are needed, but in the mid-to-long run it is necessary to return to a more balanced income distribution.EconLit Classification: E250, E620, E650Keywords: Financial and Economic Crisis, Banks Bail-Out, Income Distribution
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Bocian, Edyta. "Some considerations on the metaphors of the economic crisis in the Italian press on-line." Annales Neophilologiarum 9 (2015): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/an.2015.9-01.
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Shairil Izwan, T., T. Neilson, F. Edwin, Yik W. Boon, and G. K. Kassymova. "STOCK MARKET RESPONSES TO COVID-19 CASES: UNLOCKING MA-LAYSIA’S FUTURE." Statistika, učet i audit 83, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51579/1563-2415.2021-4.20.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a major health and economic crisis on a global scale. The waves of this crisis hit Malaysia since early March 2020. This unpredicted crisi in 2020. However, the country is still in the line of planning and introduced its mission and vision of shared prosperity in 2030. In contrast, during this crisis, the impact has especially been hard on vulnerable groups. The stock market of Malaysia was also affected. The government introduced a stimulus package to attempt to recover the economy. This study focuses on KLCI Index on the impact of COVID-19 cases reported on day trading and macroeconomic variables during the year 2020. We employ the Bound Test to identify the co-integration and perform the ARDL. The results show that the cases reported have a significant impact on macroeconomic variables and the stock market in both the short- and long run. In conclusion, we found that the effective management of a health crisis is one of the best solutions to reduce the negative impact on economic performance and recover from any crisis.
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Padovano, Fabio. "The Budget Deficit in the Soviet Economic System: Origins and Perspectives*." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 9, no. 1 (April 1, 1991): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569298x15668907345199.
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Abstract Il deficit del bilancio dello Stato nelle economie a pianificazione centralizzata (in questo articolo, si prende in particolare considerazione quella dell’URSS) appare legato soprattutto alia crisi del settore produttivo. Questo settore costituisce, al tempo stesso, la principale fonte di entrate fiscali ed il destinatario del maggior volume di spese pubbliche; è quindi evidente che un calo della redditività delle imprese comporta per il bilancio un assottigliamento delle poste attive e un maggior esborso per spese a sussidio dell’economia. È proprio questo meccanismo che si suppone stia alia base del disavanzo, e i dati statistici sembrano confermare questa tesi.L’articolo, inoltre, esamina brevemente le cause principali della crisi del settore produttivo, individuate in una struttura dei diritti di proprietà che favorisce pratiche gestionali non efficienti ed in una politica di «credito facile» che consente di mantenere in vita le imprese non produttive.La constatazione della facilità con cui le aziende ricevono prestiti dalle banche fa inoltre supporre che il deficit pubblico sia stato finanziato in massima parte tramite emissione di moneta. L’andamento divergente del gettito fiscale rispetto al deficit ed il fatto che i titoli del debito pubblico non sono uno strumento finanziario diffuso nelle economie a pianificazione centralizzata sembrano dimostrare questa supposizione.La conclusione è che la monetizzazione del disavanzo - e la presenza stessa del disavanzo - pongono seri vincoli al processo di trasformazione delle economie a pianificazione centralizzata in economie di mercato.
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Ninni, Augusto. "Paccheti anti-crisi nei paesi dell'Unione europea e il caso italiano." ECONOMIA E POLITICA INDUSTRIALE, no. 3 (September 2009): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/poli2009-003011.
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- The article discusses the role of fiscal policies acting on the supply side within the recent economic stimulus packages of the EU countries, detailed according to OECD methodology and data. The supply side feature is analyzed according to the goals of the "new European industrial policy". Economic stimulus packages differ rather largely among countries in terms of size. Worthwhile features are: a) the supply side involvement often accounts for less than half of the whole package, the majority being focalized on the defence of income and purchasing power of the weaker population; b) a preference towards specific sectors occurs only for the automotive (of course in the car producing countries) and construction industries; c) a long term perspective (related to innovation, energy and environment) seems to be present only in few countries; d) concern about dangers from a new protectionism pushed by the State subsidies seems overstated. The Italian package is rather small: its size is justified by the high Italian debt/GDP ratio, but it cannot be explained according to perspectives on expected performance. Keywords: economic stimulus packages, new European industrial policy, "smart" investments Parole chiave: pacchetti anti-crisi, nuova politica industriale europea, investimenti "intelligenti" Jel Classification: E62 - E65 - L52
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Hepple, Sir Bob A. "Diritto del lavoro e crisi economica: lezioni della storia europea." GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 123 (December 2009): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2009-123002.
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- In this lecture, given at the University of Bari on the occasion of the ceremony for the conferral of ad honoris causa degree in law, Bob Hepple suggests lessons that we can draw from the history of labour law in Europe. The most serious economic crisis in the last 70 years is at the center of his analysis. In the author's view, the deep recession, following the banking crisis, presents us with a number of major problems, threatening for the survival of labour law and of social protection developed in Europe since 1945. The author touches upon four of these problems: the growth of mass unemployment; the accelerated expansion of informal, deregulated forms of work outside the scope of labour law and social security; increasing inequality in the labour market; the dangers of nationalism and protectionism.
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Manetti, Daniela. "Piccole imprese italiane fra crisi e trasformazione: Officine Panerai e Allemano." IMPRESE E STORIA, no. 44 (January 2022): 5–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/isto2021-044001.
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For some years economic literature has been using the concept of resilience to show how a system is able to resist shocks and difficulties and develop productive, social and institutional changes. In this case, not only economic resilience is at stake, but also the adaptability of individuals and the community. Within compa-nies, routines or dynamic capabilities often form which are their real assets: a set of resources, processes and skills (such as, for example, scientific knowledge, tech-nical know-how, organizational skills) on which a company can count to cope with rapid external changes, crisis situations or negative events. In such a context, this work aims to compare the stories of two small personally managed companies - Officine Panerai of Florence and Allemano of Turin - which present strong similari-ties in their typologies of production (precision mechanics, mainly for military use) and in their evolution. Albeit at different historical moments, they have adopted very similar strategies, focusing on diversification and product innovation, in par-ticular in the haute horology market. More generally, their resilience seems to sug-gest how the fabric of small and medium-sized enterprises is one of the keystones of Italy's economic resilience, despite decades of limitations, contradictions and delays, and how this system of flexible and innovative companies is the factor which, ultimately, still makes «the flight of the bumblebee» possible.
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De Minicis, Massimo. "Shelter from the Storm: crisi e welfare in Italia negli anni Duemila." Sinappsi 11, no. 1 (2021): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.53223/sinappsi_2021-01-6.
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Obiettivo del paper è analizzare la natura, le caratteristiche e le dimensioni quantitative della serie di interventi pubblici che durante le crisi globali degli anni Duemila (2008-2009/2020) hanno determinato misure di sostegno reddituale per i lavoratori colpiti dagli effetti del crollo economico. Si delineerà, quindi, la natura, la struttura e la dinamica attuativa di tali misure, inserendole in un percorso storicamente riconoscibile di evoluzione del nostro modello di protezione sociale. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The aim of the paper is to analyze the nature, characteristics, and quantitative dimensions of public interventions that provided income support to workers who have suffered the effects of the economic collapse during the crises of the 2000s (2008-2009/2020). The paper will outline the nature, structure, and implementation dynamics of such measures. These policies will be placed in a historically recognizable development path of the Italian social protection model.
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Centra, Marco, and Valentina Gualtieri. "La domanda di lavoro stabile nel periodo di crisi economica: un'analisi sul territorio italiano stable job demand during economic crisis: an italian context analysis." ECONOMIA E SOCIETÀ REGIONALE, no. 1 (May 2015): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/es2015-001005.
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Di Giambattista, Cristina, Monica Esposito, Marcella Pulino, and Alessandro Rizzo. "Gli interventi di contrasto alla crisi socio-economica provocata dalla pandemia da Covid-19: una possibile lettura di genere." Sinappsi 11, no. 1 (2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53223/sinappsi_2021-01-2.
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L’integrazione della dimensione di genere nelle fasi del ciclo di una policy rappresenta un elemento dirimente per la produzione di risultati equi ed efficaci. L’articolo fornisce una panoramica delle policy di contrasto dei Paesi europei alla crisi socio-economica provocata dalla pandemia, relative alla tutela dell’occupazione e dei redditi e al sostegno delle esigenze di cura e alla fragilità economica, verificando secondo la logica del dual approach la presenza di interventi dedicati alla componente femminile del mercato del lavoro e, parallelamente, le principali implicazioni in chiave di genere. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The integration of gender mainstreaming in each stage of the policy cycle is essential to achieve equitable and effective results in policy making. This paper provides an overview of all european measures programmed to face the economic crisis due to Covid-19 pandemic. By analysing social protection measures related to social distancing, income protection, unemployment, job protection and work life balance, it tries to investigate if a gender perspective has been taken into account in the policy making process or if all policies are programmed as gender blind.
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Marchi, Luciano. "Dalla crisi allo sviluppo sostenibile. Il ruolo dei sistemi di misurazione e controllo." MANAGEMENT CONTROL, no. 3 (October 2020): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/maco2020-003001.
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This article offers some reflections and insights to interpret the economic impact of the current pandemic crisis, and similar crises that could arise in the future, and the conditions for recreating sustainable development. Firstly, to move from evaluating crisis to generating economic value and sustainability requires a new corporate governance approach for interacting with the social and environmental context, integrating risk management and performance man-agement (Marchi, 2019; Greco, D'Onza, 2020). Sustainability can be reinforced by adopting a new theory of value created for all stakeholders, included suppliers, customers, employees, the territory and the social community, but also for the en-vironment and for the company itself, ensuring adequate remunerations of the re-sources and conditions of lasting economic equilibrium of companies (Giannessi, 1960). To guarantee a long-term economic balance together with social, environmental and corporate sustainability, the role of measurement and control systems is fun-damental. In this regard, the following aspects can be highlighted (Marchi, Paolini, 2020): 1) integrated accounting and budgeting systems must be developed with an in-come perspective; 2) excessive emphasis on specific performance indicators, espe-cially financial ones, must be avoided, in order to pass to a "systemic reading" of the set of indicators at an economic-social level; 3) a circular choice and an ade-quate remuneration of the production factors in the supply network must be guar-anteed in order to increase the value created internally in the network, with the contribution of strategic suppliers who must be partners of the company; 4) finally, a "culture of sustainability" must be implemented in the personnel planning, control and incentive systems (integrating financial indicators with sustainability indicators) and not only in the reporting systems for the outside.
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Gallo, Riccardo. "Le grandi imprese nel sistema produttivo italiano." ECONOMIA E POLITICA INDUSTRIALE, no. 1 (April 2009): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/poli2009-001004.
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- Based on the analysis of the R&S-Mediobanca survey on multinationals, in 2006 the 17 Italians were small, but not "midgets", as a result of domestic and mostly transnational M&As. In the last ten years, their economic performance and financial structure have been always very sound and in line with the other multinationals. Their labour productivity has been lower than the average, but has improved since 1997. Italian manufacturing multinationals, however, show lower ratios than those of the utilities sector. Given the dire economic outlook worldwide, the Author believes that multinationals, Government and Unions in Italy should provide social support, mostly at labour level, and implement measures aimed at increasing size and productivity, fostering globalisation, and improving corporate governance. Keywords: multinationals, size, ratios, manufacturing companies, utilities, crisis, outlook, social support, corporate governance Parole chiave: multinazionali, dimensione, indicatori, manifatturiere, servizi, crisi, previsioni, ammortizzatori sociali, corporate governance Jel Classification: L25
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Locurcio, Marco, Francesco Tajani, Debora Anelli, and Rossana Ranieri. "A multi-criteria composite indicator to support sustainable investment choices in the built environment / Un indicatore composito multicriteriale a supporto delle decisioni di investimento sul patrimonio edificato." Valori e Valutazioni 30 (August 2022): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.48264/vvsiev-20223006.
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The economic crisis generated by the current Covid-19 has scratched many of the certainties consolidated in the past, highlighting the fragility of the economic system and the need for a more efficient management of the investments. Extreme events, whether environmental, social, health and economic, trigger off shocks to which it is necessary to promptly react. Starting from these premises, many institutional investors are directing their capitals towards environmental interventions. In the real estate field this translates into promoting initiatives to improve the efficiency of the existing building heritage, in line with the concept of Circular Economy, and avoiding soil sealing. In the present research a composite indicator that allows to analyze the performance of different real estate investments (e.g. new construction, demolition and reconstruction, renovation, etc.) has been proposed. The performance is assessed with respect to the expected profitability, the specific characteristics of the market in which the initiatives are located and the different risk-return profiles that characterize the investors. The case study, relating to two different investments located in Rome (Italy), has allowed to test the effectiveness and the limits of the proposed indicator and the possible application fields. La crisi economica innescata dalla pandemia da Covid-19 ha determinato un diffuso clima di incertezza, evidenziando la fragilità del sistema economico e la necessità di una gestione maggiormente efficiente degli investimenti sul territorio. Eventi estremi (ambientali, sociali, sanitari, economici) generano shock ai quali è necessario reagire prontamente, e per tale ragione molti investitori istituzionali stanno indirizzando i loro capitali verso interventi sostenibili. Nel settore immobiliare questo trend si traduce nella promozione di iniziative finalizzate a migliorare l’efficienza del patrimonio edilizio esistente, coerentemente con i principi dell’economia circolare, e con il contrasto del consumo di suolo. Nella presente ricerca è stato proposto un indicatore composito, che consente di analizzare la performance di diversi investimenti immobiliari (nuove costruzioni, demolizioni e ricostruzioni, ristrutturazioni, ecc.), valutati rispetto alla redditività attesa, alle caratteristiche specifiche del mercato immobiliare di riferimento delle iniziative considerate ed ai diversi profili di rischio-rendimento degli investitori. Il caso studio, relativo a due differenti investimenti localizzati nella città di Roma (Italia), ha permesso di testare l’efficacia ed i limiti dell’indicatore proposto, oltre che i possibili campi di applicazione.
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Brancati, Raffaele. "Le tante crisi e le PMI italiane. Dinamiche, trasformazioni e politiche pubbliche." Sinappsi 12, no. 3 (2022): 8–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53223/sinappsi_2022-03-1.
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Over the past decade, the Italian industrial system gained appreciable progress featuring an increasing spread of innovative activities. Using updated microeconomic data, we highlight a number of critical factors affecting this process. The possibility of implementing effective policies and overcoming imbalances is conditioned by external constraints, typically concerning the ‘two capitals’: financial and human capital. For the financial structure and liquidity constraints, economic policy interventions have produced appreciable results. Concerning the strengthening of human capital, on the other hand, measures were mostly ineffective in contrasting a constraint that has become increasingly significant over time. Active policies are required, but directly addressing the specific needs and difficulties of operators.
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ADAMIŠIN, Peter, Ivana BUTORACOVÁ ŠINDLERYOVÁ, and Andrea ČAJKOVÁ. "CORONAVIRUS VS. REAL CAUSE OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC CRISI– COMPARING SLOVAK AND GERMAN NATIONAL MODEL EXAMPLE." On-line Journal Modelling the New Europe, no. 37 (December 22, 2021): 78–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/ojmne.2021.37.05.
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Cruciani, Sante, and Massimo Piermattei. "Destre e sinistre in Europa: crisi e ridefinizione delle famiglie politiche." MEMORIA E RICERCA, no. 41 (February 2013): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mer2012-041007.
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The aim of the paper is to retrace the evolution of "Right" and "Left", and the political cultures linked to them within the European integration process, after the "Fall of the Wall" in Berlin. The paper started with an overview about the milestones of political struggle between Left and Right from the first Community to the direct elections of EP, showing origin and development of parties' role within the EEC/EU, and the building - with its peculiarities - of a supranational level even in the field of political competition. The main part of the paper is focused about the impact - and the central role - of Maastricht Treaty and the developments of European integration process over Left and Right political cultures emphasizing their attempts to search new, original and modern strategies to deal with challenges such Economic and Monetary Union, Eastern and Central Europe enlargement, and the framework of international relations following the attack of 9/11.
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Benegiamo, Marcello, and Paola Nardone. "Tecnocrazia e politica in Italia dalla crisi del 1907 al Primo Dopoguerra = Technocracy and political crisis in Italy from 1907 till the early after World War." Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, no. 19 (February 2, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i19.3581.
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<p>Uscito a pezzi dalla pesante crisi finanziaria e industriale del 1907, che aveva messo a nudo i limiti della struttura economica del Paese, il capitalismo industriale italiano elaborò un programma, portato avanti fino al primo dopoguerra, che prevedeva l’instaurazione di un governo di tecnocrati. Questo avrebbe dovuto trainare il Paese fuori dalla crisi, pianificarne l’economia e trasformarlo in una grande potenza industriale, con forti connotazioni imperialistiche. Segnali in tale direzione si erano registrati anche nei decenni precedenti, tra fine Ottocento e inizi Novecento, quando ebbe inizio un processo di concentrazione nel settore siderurgico e meccanico. Un percorso peraltro stimolato dalle commesse statali sempre più consistenti (Galli Della Loggia, 1970; Battilossi, 1999; Amatori e Colli, 1999; Bolchini, 2002). La crisi industriale e finanziaria del 1907 e la recessione a livello mondiale che ne seguì, accelerarono la soluzione tecnocratica, che prevedeva un’alleanza, più o meno stretta, con una parte della classe politica e l’entrata in guerra. Negli anni immediatamente seguenti il conflitto, il potere dei tecnocrati sulla scena politica italiana sembrò accrescersi notevolmente, soprattutto quando il governo progettò un programma di espansione economica nelle regioni del Caucaso, nei Balcani e nel Levante ex ottomano, territori in grado di fornire materie prime e di assorbire la produzione italiana in eccesso rispetto alle richieste di un mercato interno asfittico. La collaborazione tra mondo imprenditoriale, bancario e politico non produsse il risultato sperato. La caduta del governo Nitti e il ruolo destabilizzante e filotedesco della Banca Commerciale Italiana nell’Est europeo e nel Caucaso furono tra le cause principali che impedirono il decollo del progetto tecnocratico,<strong> </strong>provocando una dura reazione da parte dei fratelli Perrone alla guida del gruppo Ansaldo.</p><p>Heavily Weakened by the financial and industrial crisis of 1907, which showed all the limits of the economic structure of Italy, the Italian industrial capitalism developed a program that continued until the early after World War, which was taking into account the establishment of a government of technocrats.</p><p>This should had to take the country out of crisis, establish an economical plan and turn it into a major industrial power, with strong imperialist characteristics. Signals in this direction were also recorded in the previous decades, from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, when a process of concentration of the main groups of entrepreneurs and capitalists began in the steel and mechanical industry. A path anyway enhanced by more and more orders from the government (Galli Della Loggia, 1970; Battilossi, 1999; Amatori and Colli, 1999; Boldrini, 2002). The industrial and financial crisis of 1907 and the global recession that followed, accelerated the technocratic solution, which were looking for a more or less closer alliance, with a part of the political class and going into war. Soon after the war, the political power of the technocrats in Italy seemed to grow significantly, especially when the Government developed a program of economic expansion in the regions of the Caucasus, Balkans and on the countries of the ex East Ottoman, these territories could provide raw materials and, with respect of an internal market completely saturated, to absorb the exceeding Italian production. The collaboration within the world of business, banking and politics did not produce the desired result. The fall of the Nitti´s Government and the pro German and destabilizing role of the Italian Commercial Bank in Eastern Europe and on the Caucasus were the major drivers against the launch of the technocratic project, inducing a though reaction by the Perrone brothers leading the group Ansaldo.</p>
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Dorigo, Stefano. "Il dovere fiscale tra crisi economica ed emergenza pandemica: c'è spazio per la solidarietà?" La Nuova Giuridica 1, no. 1 (September 14, 2022): 60–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/lng-1816.
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The global economic crisis and, later, the pandemic have shaken many certainties in global society, primarily that of the possibility of unrestricted growth of the economy and prosperity. It has been realised that the crisis ⎼ severely affecting citizens and businesses ⎼ calls for a renewed role for the state; and that, however, the state can only intervene if it has adequate resources to redistribute among its members according to their degree of need. However, state coffers have long been strained by tax evasion, both domestically and internationally, to the benefit of a group of shrewd operators who take advantage of public goods without giving anything in return. The new paradigm must therefore be centered on the rediscovery of solidarity and, therefore, on the valorisation of the participatory instrument par excellence, namely the tax. It is the proper fulfilment of tax duty that can strengthen a community and give it the means to overcome crises according to the principle of solidarity. The European Union, albeit with difficulty, seems to be moving in the right direction of linking rights to duties, first and foremost tax duties, as the foundation of a genuine community of people.
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Cornice, Alessandro. "La condizione dei braccianti agricoli di origine straniera." Sinappsi 12, no. 1 (2022): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.53223/sinappsi_2022-01-7.
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La crisi pandemica degli ultimi due anni ha messo in evidenza il contributo essenziale dei lavoratori stranieri nel mercato del lavoro del settore primario. Il blocco delle frontiere ha esplicitato il fabbisogno dei lavoratori migranti per la tenuta delle filiere dell'agroalimentare. Tuttavia, nonostante siano stati riconosciuti come lavoratori essenziali, le loro condizioni di vita e lavoro risultano ancora esposte al rischio di emarginazione sociale e sfruttamento lavorativo. In una prospettiva di miglioramento, il presente contributo intende dare conto dei primi esiti dell’azione di sistema contenuta nel Piano triennale di contrasto allo sfruttamento lavorativo in agricoltura e al caporalato 2020-2022. ****** EN: The Covid-19 crisis highlighted the role of foreign workers in the agricultural labour market. Although considered as key-workers, migration increases the risk of labour exploitation and socio-economic vulnerability. This article aims to describe the first results of the system action included in the Piano triennale di contrasto allo sfruttamento lavorativo in agricoltura e al caporalato 2020-2022.
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Romanazzi, Grazia. "Giovani a bassa generatività: la transizione alla vita adulta tra crisi, paura e progettualità." EDUCATION SCIENCES AND SOCIETY, no. 2 (January 2020): 302–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ess2-2019oa8848.
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The author investigates the universe of the young people in the Italian context, starting from the political impediments which affect the job placement and, consequently, delay the acquisition of economic independence and housing autonomy, and considering the cultural conditions of a society that "holds" children in their maternal houses and inhibits their transition to adult life and the formation of their own family. The portrait of a community with a low birth rate emerges as an unequivocal sign of a personal and social crisis. But still in young people survives and persists a hidden desire for family which is a yearning for planning as an ontological category of human beings. Therefore, the hope and commitment at the same time are the definition of adult education pathways, focused on parenting, birth and care education.
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Quesada Guerrero, Raquel. "Dimensiones de la economía feminista: claves para una redefinición de la economía en tiempos de crisis = Dimensions of feminist economics: keys to a redefinition of the economy in times of crisi." Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia, no. 13 (June 19, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/cg.v0i13.5380.
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<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>El presente trabajo realiza un acercamiento a los principales debates que hoy en día están surgiendo en la llamada economía feminista. La economía feminista está generando cuestionamientos, tanto en torno a los principios que supuestamente rigen la economía y el comportamiento de las personas, como de los objetivos que debe perseguir precisamente la economía como ciencia. Aprovechando el análisis de la crisis económica actual bajo una mirada feminista, las economistas feministas han logrado desvelar discriminaciones seculares que sufren las mujeres. Desde esta perspectiva, trascendiendo el plano teórico, han asumido alternativas políticas que promuevan una sociedad más justa, solidaria e igualitaria.</p><p><strong>Palabras clave:</strong> .</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This article explores the main debates that are now emerging within feminist economics. Feminist economics are questionning the principles that are believed to govern the economy and people’s behaviour and identifying the objectives that economics, as a science, must pursue. Taking advantage of the analysis of the current economic crisis under a feminist perspective, feminist economists have been able to expose discrimination suffered by women for centuries. From that viewpoint, they have been able to transcend the theoretical perspective and propose alternative policies that promote a fairer, more supportive and egalitarian society.</p>
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Fiorito, Giancarlo. "La crisi del settore automobilistico e le misure di sostegno dei paesi industrializzati." ECONOMIA E POLITICA INDUSTRIALE, no. 1 (April 2009): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/poli2009-001012.
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- In 2008 new car registrations in the European Union with 14.7 million vehicles, marked a decline of 2.1 million units, compared to the previous year. The sharp fall in new vehicle registrations in January ( 40%) confirmed the impact of the economic crisis on the Italian car market, causing a major alert for the potential consequences on this sector's employment. The alarming situation of the car sector has led all EU governments to approve both industry support measures and demand incentives for consumers. The latter, in particular, are motivated by the downward trend in consumer purchase of durable goods, mainly attributed to both income level and increasing uncertainty. In the early weeks of 2009, car firms have temporarily shut down some of their facilities while the parking lots for the storage of new vehicles are full of unsold cars. The present article briefly describes the Italian and global car market, with an eye to the more-or-less induced, technological developments. It also includes a forecast for the coming years and a synthetic picture of the State support measures in some EU countries and in the United States. Finally, it summarizes the main opinions about the recent initiatives. Keywords: car industry, subsidies, incentives, technology development, natural gas Vehicles Parole chiave: industria automobilistica, sussidi, incentivi, sviluppo tecnologico, veicoli a gas naturale Jel Classification: H20, L62, L98, Q58
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Al Umar, Ahmad Ulil Albab, Rena Soraya, Yeyen Novita, Adellia Kusuma Rachmawati, and Robiatul Rifkah. "Impact, Stimulus and Life After The Economi Crisi During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Case Studies In Indonesia." Journal on Education 5, no. 3 (February 9, 2023): 8340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/joe.v5i3.1622.
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This research examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, especially in terms of economic impact and policies taken by the government and life after the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is qualitative. The results of this study indicate that the Covid-19 Pandemic has had a sizable impact on the economy in Indonesia. Policies and stimulus were taken so that in this new normal era, Indonesia was able to survive and rise to build the economy in Indonesia as it was before. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are the sector that the government prioritizes in becoming the foundation of the economy in Indonesia.
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Butera, Federico. "La rigenerazione e innovazione delle organizzazioni come questione nazionale Italia, crisi e progetto." STUDI ORGANIZZATIVI, no. 2 (May 2012): 119–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/so2011-002006.
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The economic crisis in Italy, as in Europe, affects heavily private companies and Public Administrations. In a few cases, however, organizations displayed an admirable capability of coping, due to innovation in design and management. An Italian Way of Doing industry is emerging. The paper advocates a new stream of policy oriented researches about cases and new paradigms Italian production system and Public Administration made in cooperation among institutions, universities, companies, associations: the basis for a new industrial policy. Collaborative projects of innovation and change management in specific companies and administrations should be fostered and supported, by developing best cases, new paradigms and communities of innovators. Innovation and changes in the organization may have a relevant impact upon macro dimensions of economy. Our society of organizations requires to all of them an improved capacity for coping dramatic changes. On the other hand, new forms of organizations may have a decisive impact on productivity and regulation. New products and services, new processes and a new model of consumption are part of a destructive creation that should be managed. The proposal is to cope the crisis by raising a strong scientific, cultural, professional movement oriented to invent a regenerate organization in private and public sector. Criteria drawn by our recent research are suggested. An agenda includes research and actions and the following areas of design and development: networks of territories and enterprises opened to the international market; integral enterprises as a basis of the Italian Way of Doing Industry; Public Administrations doing more with less; high reliability organizations; sustainable organizations; organization for social defence; new model of consumption; enterprises web 2.0.; broad professions.
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Lima Botelho, Maurilio. "Superacumulação e colapso do capitalismo no Brasil em retrospectiva/Over-accumulation and Capitalism Collapse within Brazil in Review." Geografares, no. 28 (April 25, 2019): 182–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7147/geo28.24392.
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Não podemos buscar as causas da recente crise brasileira em “fatores internos”, dado que a economia “nacional” está integrada à economia mundial desde o seu processo de modernização industrial. Numa avaliação retrospectiva, que vai da crise do chamado “neodesenvolvimentismo” à crise do “milagre econômico”, nosso objetivo principal é apontar para a conexão íntima do Brasil com a economia mundial, indicando que a crise atual é parte do próprio fracasso da modernização econômica brasileira, que por sua vez é integrante da crise estrutural do capitalismo.Palavras-chave: capital global, crise estrutural do capitalismo, capital fictício. ABSTRACTThe causes of the recent Brazilian crisis can not be search in “internal factors”, since the “national” economy has been integrated into the world economy since its modernization process. In a retrospective evaluation, which goes from the crisis of the so-called “neodevelopment” to the crisis of “economic miracle”, our main objective is to emphasize to Brazil’s intimate connection with the world economy, indicating that the current crisis is part of the failure of economic modernization Brazilian, which in turn is part of the structural crisis of capitalism.Keywords: global capital, structural crisis of capitalism, fictitious capital.
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Pensieri, C. "Le 5 leggi della Quinta Disciplina nel Management Sanitario / The 5 Laws of the Fifth Discipline in Health Management." Medicina e Morale 67, no. 2 (June 20, 2018): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2018.534.
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Le aziende sanitarie, gli ospedali e le cliniche private sono diventate nell’ultimo ventennio aziende alla continua ricerca di un pareggio dei conti e in alcuni casi di profitto. Per raggiungere questi obiettivi di pareggio di bilancio o di profitto è stato necessario lavorare sul Management. I livelli dirigenziali hanno dovuto modellarsi sulle aziende a scopo di lucro per fare benchmarking delle migliori pratiche economiche e amministrative. La Quinta Disciplina, frutto della Sloan School of management del Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), è un sistema di management e leadership delle Learning Organization che hanno dimostrato una forte capacità di adattamento e superamento delle crisi. In questo articolo trattiamo le 5 Leggi della Quinta Disciplina che i top manager sanitari dovrebbero conoscere per gestire, prevedere e controllare i cambiamenti aziendali. ---------- In the last twenty years, hospitals and private clinics have become companies searching for a break or, in some cases, for profit. To achieve these profits or balance goals, it was necessary to work on management. Leadership levels needed to model on profit-making companies to benchmark the most effective economic and administrative practices. The Fifth Discipline (result of the MIT’s Sloan School of Management) is an organization management and leadership system that has demonstrated a strong ability to adapt and overcome the crisis. In this article, we deal with the 5 Laws of the Fifth Discipline that the top health managers should know about managing, predicting, and controlling business changes.
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Micelli, Ezio, and Eleonora Righetto. "How do metropolitan cities evolve after the 2008/2012 crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic? An analysis from real estate market values." Valori e Valutazioni 31 (February 2023): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.48264/vvsiev-20223105.
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Italian cities have been touched by two major events, the 2008 and 2012 crises and the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. The research aimed to verify whether, and in what way, Italian cities have embarked on a path of transformation, outlining their possible trajectories of change in the intervening decade. The cities considered were the metropolitan cities to which the legislature has assigned the role of territorial reference for areas of a regional nature. The research examined real estate market values for their ability to represent a city’s degree of attractiveness in synthetic form. The other variables used made it possible to detect trends in the determinants of the real estate market: economic growth, demographic development and changes in the territorial capital endowment. Concerning the research objectives, cluster analysis appeared to be the most suitable tool to represent changes by aggregating cities according to common patterns. The survey considered the reactions of the different cities in the two five-year periods related to each exogenous shock and, overall, in the decade under review for a long-term reading of the trends. The conclusions reached by the survey show how, between 2012 and 2017, there was a concentration of wealth and population in the major centers and in particular in the city of Milan, characterized by rising property values against a generalized decline in the Italian market. In the second five-year period from 2017 to 2022, the pattern is reproduced with similar intensity, despite a vast debate on the crisis of large cities and their sustainability in the face of the pandemic. An overall ten-year view from 2012 to 2022 of metropolitan cities shows trends with a sufficiently solid and stable character. In the case of Milan, the expression of a clear-cut process of concentration on which the pandemic has had no effect, is counterbalanced by a second cluster of peripheral metropolitan cities that are suffering from processes that penalize their development prospects, while the third cluster of cities is distinguished by a profile that combines opportunities for growth and critical aspects in demographic and economic terms. Le città italiane sono state toccate da due importanti eventi, la crisi del 2008 e del 2012 e la pandemia Covid- 19 nel corso del 2020 e 2021. La ricerca ha l’obiettivo di verificare se, e in quale modo, le città italiane hanno intrapreso un percorso di trasformazione, delineando le loro possibili traiettorie di cambiamento nel decennio intercorso. Le città considerate sono state le città metropolitane cui il legislatore ha attribuito il ruolo di riferimento territoriale per ambiti di carattere regionale. La ricerca ha esaminato i valori del mercato immobiliare per la loro capacità di rappresentare in forma sintetica il grado di attrattività di una città. Le altre variabili impiegate hanno permesso di rilevare l’andamento dei determinanti del mercato immobiliare: crescita economica, sviluppo demografico e variazione nella dotazione di capitale territoriale. Rispetto agli obiettivi della ricerca, la cluster analysis è apparsa lo strumento maggiormente idoneo a rappresentare i cambiamenti aggregando le città secondo pattern comuni. L’indagine ha considerato le reazioni delle diverse città nei due quinquenni legati a ciascun shock esogeno e, complessivamente, nel decennio in esame per una lettura di lungo periodo delle tendenze in atto. Le conclusioni cui perviene l’indagine evidenziano come tra il 2012 e il 2017, vi sia un percorso di concentrazione della ricchezza e della popolazione nei centri maggiori e in particolare nella città di Milano, contraddistinta da valori immobiliari in crescita a fronte di un declino generalizzato del mercato italiano. Nel secondo quinquennio dal 2017 al 2022, lo schema si riproduce con analoga intensità, a dispetto di un vasto dibattito sulla crisi delle grandi città e sulla loro sostenibilità alla prova della pande- mia. Una visione complessiva decennale dal 2012 al 2022 delle città metropolitane evidenzia tendenze do- tate di un carattere sufficientemente solido e stabile. Al caso di Milano, espressione di un processo di concentrazione chiaro e netto su cui la pandemia non ha avuto effetti, fa riscontro un secondo cluster di città metropolitane periferiche che scontano processi che ne penalizzano le prospettive di sviluppo, mentre un terzo cluster di città si distingue per un profilo che unisce opportunità di crescita e aspetti critici sotto il profilo demografico ed economico.
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Kotios, Angelos, and George Galanos. "The International Economic Crisis and the Crisis of Economics." World Economy 35, no. 7 (June 6, 2012): 869–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2012.01468.x.
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WĄCHOL, Jerzy. "An enterprise in the global economy. Modern management methods vs economic crisis and pandemic." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2021, no. 154 (2021): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2021.154.26.
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Purpose: The objective of the study is presentation of the conditions of functioning of enterprises on the global market, use of modern management methods, employees' preferences in the period of the pandemic and crisis in the existing surroundings. The aim of the study is to present a changing global environment for businesses, to use modern elements of management, IT and telecommunications as necessary elements in the face of the pandemic and global crisis, to sustain the functioning of businesses, organizations, economies and states. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the collected data, observations and own studies, conclusions were drawn and proposals presented with regard to counteracting the pandemic as well as opening and development of businesses and economies. Based on the statistical data, own surveys and literature, conclusions were drawn with regard to trends in organization and application of modern management concepts and enterprise management forms in the global economy in the conditions of the pandemic and economic crisis. The study presents also the problems of the contemporary global economy in sustainable development. Findings: The study analyses the functioning of enterprises in the 21sr century, taking into consideration further surroundings as well as technological, economic and social changes, including economic crises and the current pandemic. It presents and discusses socio-economic data and trends in the EU where, due to the epidemic, internal differences, economic and political issues, too slow development, lack of effective border protection. The above serves as a background for presentation of management elements and trends in organization of the future. Currently, marketing, finance, profit, strategies, HR, innovativeness, modern management methods, forms of organization, etc. play an important role in enterprises. On the other hand, IT elements already have an important and increasing position, especially in the face of the pandemic, remote work and global crisis. As shown by the survey-based studies carried out at the beginning of 2020, employees value health, work, family, economic, social and even ecological elements. These are, therefore, the survival-related needs according to the Maslow's hierarchy of needs, especially in the face of the pandemic, remote work and global crisis. Even though economies are opening today, the situation related to the pandemic worldwide is still uncertain. Hope is pinned, particularly to the countries of the West, upon the vaccines, medicines, modern management methods and new technologies
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Câmara, Benedita, Piet van Cruyningen, Xavier Cussó Segura, Sara Torregrosa Hetland, Miguel Cabo, Santiago M. López-García, Samuel Garrido, et al. "Book reviews - Crítica de libros - Crítica de livros (Historia Agraria, 77)." Historia Agraria Revista de agricultura e historia rural, no. 77 (February 19, 2019): 203–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.077r08b.
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Book reviews Dulce Freire and Pedro Lains (Eds.). An Agrarian History of Portugal, 1000-2000: Economic Development on the European Frontier. Leiden/Boston, Brill, 2017, 347 pp. Benedita Câmara Annie Antoine (Ed.). Agricultural Specialisation and Rural Patterns of Development. Turnhout, Brepols, 2016, 303 pp. Piet van Cruyningen Guido Alfani and Cormac Ó Gráda (Eds.). Famine in European History. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2017, 325 pp. Xavier Cussó Segura Marc Badia-Miró, Vicente Pinilla and Henry Willebald (Eds.). Natural Resources and Economic Growth: Learning from History. Abingdon/New York, Routledge, 2015, 374 pp. Sara Torregrosa Hetland Niccolò Mignemi. Coopératives et mondes agricoles: France et Italie (1880-1950). Rennes, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2017, 337 pp. Miguel Cabo Domingo Gallego, Luis Germán y Vicente Pinilla (Eds.). Estudios sobre el desarrollo económico español. Dedicados al profesor Eloy Fernández Clemente. Zaragoza, Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 2016, 408 pp. Santiago M. López-García Ricard Garcia Orallo. La terra a subhasta. Crisi, endeutament i despossessió al món rural català de finals del segle xix. Barcelona, Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2015, 644 pp. Samuel Garrido Lluís Serrano Jiménez. Tancar la terra: Pràctiques de propietat i dinàmiques socials (Catalunya, 1850-1910). Girona, Documenta Universitaria/Associació d’Història Rural de les Comarques Gironines, 2016, 324 pp. Antonio Miguel Linares Luján Jordi Planas Maresma. Francesc Torras Sayol (1868-1936): Un propietari conservador al capdavant de l’acció cooperativa. Barcelona/Valls, Fundació Roca i Galès/Cossetània Edicions, 2016, 102 pp. Josep M. Pons-Altés Josep Joan Mateu González. Enginyers i regants: El Canal d’Aragó i Catalunya (1896-1940). Lleida, Universitat de Lleida/Patronat Josep Lladonosa, 2017, 256 pp. Carles Sanchis Ibor Gladys Karina Sánchez Juárez. Los pequeños cafeticultores de Chiapas: Organización y resistencia frente al mercado. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, CESMECA-UNICACH, 2015, 225 pp. Albert Folch David Sowell. Medicine on the Periphery: Public Health in Yucatán, Mexico, 1870-1960. Lanham, Lexington Books, 2015, 205 pp. Mikel Astrain Pablo Alonso González. El Antipatrimonio: Fetichismo y dominación en Maragatería. Madrid, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2017, 326 pp. Guadalupe Jiménez Esquinas Marcel Mazoyer y Laurence Roudart. Historia de las agriculturas del mundo: Del Neolítico a la crisis contemporánea . Oviedo, KRK, 2016, 1.073 pp. Cristóbal Gómez Benito
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Prieto Nadal, Ana. "Compromís i denúncia en el teatre de Lluïsa Cunillé: Geografia i El carrer Franklin." Revista de lenguas y literaturas catalana, gallega y vasca 22 (January 11, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rllcgv.vol.22.2017.20850.
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En les seves obres més recents, Lluïsa Cunillé ha dirigit la mirada cap a qüestions polítiques i socials d’actualitat; els exponents més clars d’aquesta progressió cap a un major compromís i una major presència, en el seu teatre, dels conflictes que caracteritzen la nostra societat són Geografia, la seva proposta per al tríptic Fronteres (2014), i El carrer Franklin (2015), ambdues estrenades al Teatre Nacional de Catalunya. En aquestes peces, la dramaturga s’ocupa de temes com la corrupció, el nepotisme, l’especulació immobiliària, la crisi econòmica i cultural, i també de la manera com el joc d’interessos de les entitats bancàries i l’avarícia personal dels seus dirigents han sumit la ciutadania en una situació crítica de difícil solució. El teatre de Lluïsa Cunillé contribueix, per la manera com mostra les formes de vida material i el món psíquic dels personatges, a explicar les lògiques que orquestren les transformacions del nostre present social i històric.In her most recent theater, Lluïsa Cunillé has turned her gaze to current political and social issues; the clearest examples of this progression towards a greater commitment and a greater presence of the conflicts that characterize our society are the plays Geografia, her proposal for the triptych Fronteres (2014), and El carrer Franklin (2015), that were premiered in the Teatre Nacional de Catalunya. In these two plays, the playwright deals with issues such as corruption, nepotism, real state speculation, economic and cultural crisis, and the way the game of interests of banks and the personal greed of their leaders have plunged the citizens in a hopeless situation. The theater of Lluïsa Cunillé helps explain the logics that orchestrate the transformation of our social and historical present, by showing the forms of material life and psychic world of the characters.
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Ferrandino, Vittoria, and Valentina Sgro. "Associazionismo industriale e corporativismo: l’American Chamber of Commerce in Italy nell’epoca fascista = Industrial association and corporatism: The American chamber of commerce in Italy during the fascism age." Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, no. 19 (February 2, 2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i19.3584.
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<p>Il contributo in oggetto si propone di approfondire i rapporti tra le corporazioni e i gruppi industriali italiani da un’ottica particolare, quella dell’associazionismo che si concretizza con l’American Chamber of Commerce in Italy, instituita nel 1915 per agevolare le relazioni commerciali tra Italia e Stati Uniti. La grave crisi economica del 1930 e del 1931 e, poco dopo, le gravissime restrizioni portate agli scambi con l’estero dal programma autarchico del Governo fascista, influirono notevolmente sullo sviluppo della Camera. L’autorità dell’istituzione venne a diminuire, i rapporti con gli Stati Uniti si fecero più rari e il numero dei soci diminuì notevolmente.<strong> </strong>Alle corporazioni furono affidate le autorizzazioni sui nuovi impianti, la costituzione delle compagnie per la valorizzazione dell’Africa orientale italiana, il controllo sulle iniziative economiche nelle colonie, la collaborazione col fisco nella determinazione e nell’applicazione dei tributi ed infine il controllo sul commercio estero e sulle valute. Di conseguenza, la funzione che lo Stato avrebbe dovuto esercitare servendosi delle corporazioni finì col ricadere nelle mani dei grandi industriali, che le dominavano attraverso i loro rappresentanti. Da un lato, quindi, vi erano le corporazioni, che garantivano piena libertà ai gruppi industriali, avallandone le scelte; dall’altro lato, invece, vi erano le autorità governative che riconoscevano i limiti di competenza e d’intervento di quelle istituzioni e la necessità di una migliore definizione degli obiettivi.</p><p>This contribution aims to examine the relationship between corporations and the Italian industrial groups from a particular perspective, which is that of associations through the American Chamber of Commerce in Italy, established in 1915 to facilitate the commercial relations between Italy and the United States. The economic crisis of 1930 and 1931 and, shortly after, the very serious restrictions on foreign trade of the Fascist government program influenced significantly on the Chamber’s development. The authority of the institution was to decline, the relations with the United States became more and more rare and the number of members decreased considerably. Corporations obtained the authorizations on new systems, the establishment of companies for the development of the Italian East Africa, the control on economic initiatives in the colonies, the cooperation with the tax authorities in the determination and application of taxes, and finally control over foreign trade and currencies. So the function that the State should have exercised using the corporations ended up falling into the hands of big businessmen, who ruled through their representatives. Therefore, Corporations guaranteed full freedom to industry groups supporting them, and government authorities recognized the competence and intervention limits of those institutions and the need for a better definition of the objectives.</p>
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Fiedor, Bogusław. "THE ECONOMIC CRISIS VERSUS THE CRISIS OF ECONOMICS AS A SCIENCE." Ekonomika 92, no. 4 (January 1, 2013): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2013.0.2349.
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Abstract. The paper starts with arguments against forming causative links between crisis phenomena in the economy, both in its real and regulatory sphere, and the crisis of the economic science as such, in terms of its cognitive and predictive values. According to the author, it is also true with respect to the current economicfinancial crisis.The second part of the paper is an attempt of explaining what should be considered a ‘normal’ way of development of economic science. The author puts and justifies a thesis that this development is a journey of ideas being brought about by numerous causes, with a significant role played by inspirations related not to observation of the real world but to the ‘world of economists’ (ideas shared by academic communities) and the phenomena appearing in the external environment of economics as a science: new political and social ideologies, cultural and technological trends, as well as geopolitical changes.In the subsequent part of the paper, starting with the recognition of the so-called logical and historical factors in the development of economic science or, following the distinction made by D. Ross (2005), the distinction of philosophical and historical-sociological strategies in this development, the author tries to prove that over the last half-century the development of economic science has been heavily influenced by the broadening acceptance of the criterion of instrumental effectiveness (Laudan–Mongin) in the appraisal of its scientific progress. It is argued in the paper that this has the effect of diminishing the ability of economic science to recognize and explain some major contemporary civilizational and technological trends (a kind of crisis in terms of the cognitive realism criterion). However, with respect to the emergence of new and cognitively valuable schools and currents (e.g., New Institutional Economy), this should not be considered a common feature of today’s economics. Secondly, the increasing role attributed to the instrumental effectiveness criterion in the evaluation of progress in economic science, has resulted in some crisis phenomena with respect to the predictive strength of economic models and theories.The paper ends with some more general reflections attempting to identifiy the civilization and technological trends and structural changes in modern economies that are not sufficiently addressed and analyzed in the mainstream economics, thus leading to some crisis phenomena (but not a general crisis) in its development in terms of the cognitive, predictive, and utilitarian value. With regard to the latter (perceived from the point of view of various economic policies), the author postulates the need for a more eclectic approach. It is understood as a postulate to look for the nature, manifestations of and reasons for both growth and crisis processes in contemporary economies, as well as for the instruments of growth state policy, in various (sometimes even competing) theories and schools in today’s economics.Key words: economic crisis, crisis of economics as a science, criteria of scientific progress in economics, migration of economic ideas, logical and historical factors in the development of economic science, instrumental and cognitive realism, civilizational and technological trends
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Romanazzi, Grazia. "(Dis)orientamento politico e precarietà lavorativa come fattori di rischio di esclusione sociale: i giovani italiani tra crisi e prospettive. Uno studio di caso." EDUCATION SCIENCES AND SOCIETY, no. 2 (January 2020): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ess2-2019oa8469.
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The author investigates the "youth universe" in Italy; specifically, the hard relationship between it and politics and institutions, characterized by a lack of trust and credibility. The question of the absence of work makes the Italian case unique and exemplary: young people are precarious, inadequately paid. Unemployment, the late age to the first job and atypical contracts impoverish young people of the potential wealth they could carry around: innovation, change, planning, growth and future; all that exclude them from the country's decision-making processes. Thus, housing autonomy and economic independence are postponed, hence the transition to adulthood. Deprived of the fixed points that guided previous generations, today's young people do not recognize themselves into any ideology, do not feel represented by any political force. An investigation carried out close to the elections of March 4, 2018 confirmed what has been exposed so far and noted that the consequent discontent found a possibility of expression and change in the neophyte Movimento 5 Stelle. Therefore, it is appropriate to ask ourselves what are the motivations and conditions that have led young people, disappointed and disillusioned, to move away from "traditional politics". It is urgent to promote a cultural revolution to give young Italians the role of protagonists of present, backed by tradition but making space to the new and welcoming the future. Which role does the family play as the primary agency for political education? What proposal can make pedagogy of family educational relationships?
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Rollings, Neil. "ECONOMIC HISTORY AND THE CURRENT CRISIS IN ECONOMICS." Scottish Economic & Social History 14, no. 1 (May 1994): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/sesh.1994.14.14.106.
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Danner, Leno Francisco. "Crise econômica hodierna como crise do poder: Algumas considerações/Current economic crisis as power crisis: some considerations." Pensando - Revista de Filosofia 3, no. 6 (February 13, 2013): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26694/pensando.v3i6.930.
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Defendo, neste artigo, que a atual crise econômica não pode ser entendida nem apreendida consistentemente apenas a partir de sua redução a um déficit interno à estrutura produtivo-financeira, em termos de queda nos padrões de acumulação; na verdade, essa crise é originada de uma crise do poder diretivo em termos de sociedade, que acirra a separação entre as esferas econômica, política e social, a partir da defesa de uma autorreferencialidade do âmbito econômico em relação aos demais, que, por causa disso, são enquadrados pelos imperativos econômicos, tendo solapada sua especificidade normativa (no caso do social) e diretiva da evolução da sociedade (no caso do político). Essa crise econômica, assim, agudizou os problemas oriundos da modernização liberal, que efetivamente foi marcada por essa blindagem das esferas econômica, política e social umas em relação às outras. Como consequência, a superação da modernidade liberal, modernidade essa retomada pelo neoliberalismo, somente pode ser feita no momento em que se reafirma o social enquanto horizonte normativo, o político enquanto instância diretiva da evolução social e o econômico enquanto esfera de controle público-estatal e de gestão democrática da produção e da distribuição da riqueza, que o modelo do Estado de bem-estar social representou e representa de maneira exemplar, em termos de ligação e de complementaridade entre tais esferas.Abstract: the paper argues that current economic crisis cannot be understood or conceived consistently just since its reduction to an internal deficit into productive-financial structure, as a drop in the standards of accumulation; indeed, this crisis is originated from a crisis in the directive power of society, that intensifies the separation between economic, political and social spheres, since the defense of a self-referentiality of economic scope related with others (social and political), which, because that, are framed by economic imperatives, having undermined the normativity (social sphere) and the evolutionary direction of society (political sphere). So, economic crisis exacerbated the problems legated by liberal modernity, that was characterized by the shielding of economic, political and social spheres to each other. Consequently, overcoming of liberal modernity, that was resumption by Neoliberalism, only can be done when we reiterate the social as horizon of normativity, the political as directive instance of social evolution, and the economical as a sphere of public and state-owned control and democratic management of production and distribution of the wealth, that the model of Welfare State represented and represents exemplarily with its complementarity of those spheres. Keywords: Economic Crisis; Power Crisis; Welfare State; Liberal Modernity.
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Mladenović, Igor, and Dragoslav Kitanović. "The Theory of Crisis after Crisis." Economic Themes 52, no. 1 (March 13, 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-2014-0001.
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AbstractThe global economic system and the world crisis are a reality, and hence the challenge for modern economic theory, which is to provide a valid response to its development and overcoming the crisis. The prevailing economic theory and methodology (neo-liberal paradigm) in this field demonstrates serious defects, so this paper attempts to show that the relative nature of economic theory is in expressing the social prejudices of its time. Demystification of the ideological and political foundations of what is today considered "objective knowledge" in the economy, is only possible with the affirmation of a new scientific methodology of economics, i.e. the new philosophy of economics. The aim of the paper is to stimulate thinking and different views on this subject.
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Kamińska, Katarzyna. "Ethics in the economics and the global economic crisis." Equilibrium 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2010.008.
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The present global economic crisis leads us to the question about future of economics. Many scientists focus on general lack of ethical ground in business - ethical values and standards as a proper reasons of this crisis. This paper will offer a look at what happened to economics, show relations between economics and ethics and finally answer how to make these sciences more useful in preventing such situation like the present economic crisis.
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Rios-Rodríguez, Raul, and Ángel Arrese. "Economic Journalism and the Elitist Approach." Brazilian journalism research 17, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 764–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/bjr.v17n3.2021.1445.
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ABSTRACT – Is economic journalism always dependent on elitist news sources or are there particular situations that can mitigate this pattern? The economic crisis of 2008 has specific characteristics that distinguish it from the issues usually covered by economic journalism, so a different pattern in the use of sources could be expected, especially if we consider the changing economic and political circumstances throughout the crisis. To explore this question, we conducted a content analysis of the crisis coverage of representative Spanish newspapers between 2008 and 2015. The results show that the political and economic elites were the dominant sources, meanwhile, other non-elite agents had little presence. This imbalance is not modified by the ideological and geographical profiles of the newspapers, or by the different phases of the crisis. However, we found intra-elite alterations over time: the actors with more decision-making power at each period had more presence as sources. RESUMO – Será o jornalismo econômico sempre dependente das fontes de elite ou existem determinadas situações que podem mitigar este padrão? A crise econômica de 2008 tem caraterísticas específicas que a distinguem dos assuntos habitualmente tratados pelo jornalismo econômico, pelo que poderia ser esperado um padrão diferente no uso de fontes de notícias, especialmente se considerarmos as diferentes circunstâncias econômicas e políticas ao longo da crise. Para explorar esta questão, realizamos uma análise de conteúdo da cobertura da crise de jornais representativos do caso espanhol entre 2008 e 2015. Os resultados mostram que as elites políticas e econômicas foram as fontes dominantes, enquanto outros agentes não elitistas tiveram escassa presença. Este desequilíbrio não é alterado pelos diferentes perfis ideológicos e geográficos dos jornais, nem pelas diferentes etapas da crise. No entanto, encontramos alterações intra-elite ao longo do tempo: os atores com maior poder de tomada de decisões em cada período, tiveram mais presença como fontes. RESUMEN – ¿Es el periodismo económico siempre dependiente de las fuentes elitistas o existen determinadas situaciones que pueden mitigar este patrón? La crisis económica de 2008 tiene características específicas que la distinguen de los asuntos habitualmente tratados por el periodismo económico, lo que permitiría esperar un patrón diferente en el uso de fuentes, especialmente si consideramos las diferentes circunstancias económicas y políticas durante la crisis. Para explorar esta cuestión, realizamos un análisis de contenido de la cobertura de la crisis de periódicos españoles representativos entre 2008 y 2015. Los resultados muestran que las élites políticas y económicas fueron las fuentes dominantes, mientras otros agentes no elitistas tuvieron escasa presencia. Este desequilibrio no es alterado por los diferentes perfiles ideológicos y geográficos de los periódicos, ni por las diferentes etapas de la crisis. Sin embargo, encontramos alteraciones intra-élite a lo largo del tiempo: aquellos actores con mayor poder de decisión en cada período tuvieron más presencia como fuentes.
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Castilho, Gabriel Barbosa de. "A Crise Financeira Internacional de 2008 como Resultado da Dinâmica do Eixo Sino-Americano de Acumulação l The 2008 International Financial Crisis as a Result of the Sino-American Axis of Accumulation’s Dynamics." Revista Neiba, Cadernos Argentina Brasil 10, no. 1 (November 23, 2021): e59052. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/neiba.2021.59052.
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Há um consenso na academia em atribuir a causa da crise internacional de 2008 ao processo de financeirização da economia dos Estados Unidos. Esta pesquisa considera esse entendimento correto, porém insuficiente para entender com profundidade como a crise impactou a economia mundial e o sistema interestatal. O objetivo deste trabalho é fugir do “nacionalismo metodológico” que permeia essa visão e entender a crise de 2008 como uma crise da conjuntura da economia-mundo capitalista. Seguindo a análise dos Sistemas-Mundo, o artigo é iniciado com o estudo da atual conjuntura, de expansão financeira do ciclo sistêmico estadunidense, que deve ser entendida através dos processos complementares de financeirização econômica e reestruturação produtiva mundial. Em um segundo momento, a pesquisa se volta para entender como esses dois processos construíram um “eixo sino-americano de acumulação”. Finalmente, entende-se que, apesar da aparente simbiose dessa relação, ela apresenta um desequilíbrio estrutural que originou a crise de 2008.Palavras-chave: Crise Financeira Internacional de 2008; China; Estados Unidos.ABSTRACTThere is a consensus in academia to attribute the cause of the 2008 international crisis to the financialization process of the United States’ economy. This research considers this understanding correct, but insufficient for a deep understanding of the crisis’ impact in the world economy and in the interstate system. This research aims to escape the “methodological nacionalism” that permeates this vision, understanding the 2008 crisis as a crisis in the conjuncture of the capitalist world-economy. Following the World-Systems Analysis, this research starts with the study of the current conjuncture, the financial expansion of the American systemic cycle of accumulation, which must be understood through the complementary processes of economic financialization and world productive restructure. In a second step, the research turns to understand how these two processes built a “Sino-American axis of accumulation”. Finally, it is understood that, despite the apparent symbiosis of this relationship, it presents a structural imbalance that originated the 2008 crisis.Keywords: 2008 International Financial Crisis; China; United States. Recebido em: 10/04/2021 | Aceito em: 17/07/2021.
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Sukhorukov, Arkadi. "International economics: security of economic system and transboundary crisis." Confrontation and Cooperation: 1000 Years of Polish-German-Russian Relations 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/conc-2019-0005.
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Stanford, Jim. "Symposium on heterodox economics and the economic crisis: introduction." Studies in Political Economy 97, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2016.1175770.
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Maia, Rodrigo Ismael Francisco. "Caminhos da construção da União Europeia: Tudo que nasce, morre?" Brazilian Journal of International Relations 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 562–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2019.v8n3.08.p562.
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Depois de mais de sessenta anos da assinatura do Tratado de Roma que deu origem à Comunidade Econômica Europeia, o bloco europeu vive ainda hoje uma grande crise. Não é uma crise apenas econômica. Buscamos expor uma releitura de diferentes componentes do processo de integração europeu que culmina nesta crise, e tentaremos indicar elementos analítico-metodológicos sobre os caminhos da União Europeia fundamentado na relação entre capital e trabalho. O fio condutor deste artigo se encontra na divergência entre capital e trabalho no processo integrativo, pois persistiu um modelo integrativo no qual a economia é o fator hegemônico.
Abstract: After more than sixty years ago, the signature of the Treaty of Rome, which created the European Economic Community, the European bloc is still suffering a significant crises. This is not merely an economic crisis. In this paper the aim is to expose different features of the European integration process, which culminated in the current crisis, and to indicate methodological analytical aspects concernd the paths of the European Union based on the relationship between labour and capital. This article points out the idea that exist a divergence between capital and labor in the integration process, as persisted an integrative pattern in which economy is the hegemonic feature.
Key-words: European Economic Community; European Union; integration; crisis.
Recebido em: outubro/2018.
Aprovado em: outubro/2019.
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Çenberci, Engin. "The Effects of European Economic Crisis to China-European Union Economic Relations." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 3 (June 15, 2012): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/mar2014/60.
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Permatasari, Pita. "FORCE MAJEURE CLAUSULES DUE TO COVID-19 IN BANK CREDIT AGREEMENTS." IBLAM LAW REVIEW 1, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52249/ilr.v1i01.8.
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Loan agreements usually contain clauses related to the rights and obligations betwen the debtor and creditor, but sometimes a force majeure clause is included if there is a situation beyond the will of the parties, such as natural disasters or war. The force majeure clause stipulated in Article 1244 and 1245 of Civil Code, in which there are for elements, first is there is an event that causes an achivement to be impossible, second is there is a cause that lies outside debtor’s fault, third is the causative factor was unexpected, and forth is the incident could not be blamed on the debtor. COVID-19 is considered a natioal disaster through the Presidential Decree of the Republic Indonesia Number 12 of 2020 dated April 13, 2020 concerning the Determination of the Non-Natural Disaster of The Corona Virus Desease 2019 (COVID-19) as National Disaster. Because of this, COVID-19 falls into category of relative or temporary force majeure. In addition, the government has made efforts to help the comunity, in this case UMKM actors who became debtors affected by COVID-19 by providing concessions for debtors to carry out kredit restructuring through the Finansial Services Authority Regulation Number 11/POJK.03/2020 Concerning National Economic Stmulus as Policy Countercyclical Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Spread. The hope is to increase the resiliance of the debtor’s business in the midst of crisi due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Salvador, Diego Salomão Candido de Oliveira. "A importância social, econômica e territorial do circuito inferior da economia urbana do eixo rodoviário Natal-Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil / The social, economic and territorial importance of the urban economy lower circuit of the road axis Natal-Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil." Caderno de Geografia 29, no. 56 (February 20, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2019v29n56p1.
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Neste trabalho, objetivamos analisar a importância social, econômica e territorial das atividades não hegemônicas da economia urbana desenvolvidas no eixo rodoviário Natal-Caicó, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Região Nordeste do Brasil. Nesse eixo, as cidades e a economia crescem alicerçadas, sobretudo, em atividades econômicas mantenedoras da pobreza estrutural produzida pela modernização do território, situação característica do processo de precarização do trabalho. Como resposta sistêmica, tem-se a segmentação da economia urbana, com o subsistema inferior cada vez mais dependente do superior, assim como mais permanente e receptor de trabalhadores. Por meio de reflexões sobre a teoria dos circuitos da economia urbana relacionadas com dados primários acerca das cidades do eixo Natal-Caicó, concluímos o trabalho sublinhando que, enquanto não predominar o mercado socialmente necessário, o circuito inferior é e será importante para viabilizar a sobrevivência da maioria dos trabalhadores e para explicitar a tensão ou a crise vivenciada no mercado de trabalho e na sociedade.Palavras–chave: Economia urbana, Mercado de trabalho, Pobreza.Abstract In this study, we aimed to analyse the social, economic and territorial importance of hegemonic urban economy activities developed on the road axis Natal-Caicó, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil. In this axis, the cities and the economy grow based on supporters of poverty basic economic activities produced by the territory modernisation, situation characteristic of the precarious work process. As a systemic response, there is the urban economics segmentation, with the lower subsystem increasingly dependent on top, as well as more permanent and receiver. Through reflections on the theory of circuits of urban economics related to primary data about the road axis Natal-Caicó cities, we conclude the work stressing that, while not predominate the socially necessary market, the lower circuit is and it will be essential to make possible the survival of the majority of workers and to clarify the tension or the crisis experienced in the labour market and society.Keywords: Urban economics, Labor market, Poverty.