Dissertations / Theses: 'Economic crisi'

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TROMBETTA, FEDERICO. "MODELLING THE EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC CRISIS ON THE TYPE OF GOVERNMENT." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6224.

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Questa tesi contribuisce alla letteratura di economia politica attraverso l’analisi degli effetti di una crisi economica sulla tipologia di governo. In particolare, ci si concentra su due tipologie di governo che possono essere viste come anomalie empiricamente correlate a fenomeni di crisi economica e finanziaria: il populismo e la tecnocrazia. Dopo una rassegna critica della letteratura esistente, si sviluppano due distinti modelli di teoria dei giochi. Il primo analizza il populismo nel contesto di una relazione principale-agente tra l’elettore e il politico. Concentrandosi su come la probabilità che si affermi un governo populista è influenzata dai parametri che catturano la situazione economica del Paese, si dimostra che, in un contesto di crisi economica, è più probabile che il governo attui provvedimenti populisti. Il secondo modello spiega la comparsa di un governo tecnocratico (e in parte anche la sua stabilità) in un sistema politico in cui gli agenti principali sono due partiti e, in alcuni casi, un gruppo di tecnocrati. Qui si prova che il governo tecnocratico ha più probabilità di emergere in un contesto di crisi economica, quando il parlamento è equamente diviso e quando la distanza ideologica tra i due partiti è sufficientemente grande.
This thesis contributes to the literature on theoretical political economy analyzing the effects of economic crisis on the types of government. In particular, we focus on two types of government that can be seen as anomalies empirically related with the emergence of financial and economic crisis: populism and technocracy. After a critical survey of the existing literature on those topics, we develop two different game-theoretical models. The first one studies populism in the context of a standard political-agency relationship between a voter and a politician. We see how the likelihood of the emergence of a populist government is affected by parameters representing the economic conditions of a country, and we find that, in a context of economic crisis, the government is more likely to make populist decisions. The second model explains the emergence of a technocratic government (and captures some issues related to its stability) in a post-election partisan politics setting where the main players are two parties and possibly a group of technocrats. We prove that the technocratic government is more likely to emerge in a context of economic crisis, when the parliament is evenly split and the ideological distance between the two parties is big enough.

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TROMBETTA, FEDERICO. "MODELLING THE EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC CRISIS ON THE TYPE OF GOVERNMENT." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6224.

Full text

Abstract:

Questa tesi contribuisce alla letteratura di economia politica attraverso l’analisi degli effetti di una crisi economica sulla tipologia di governo. In particolare, ci si concentra su due tipologie di governo che possono essere viste come anomalie empiricamente correlate a fenomeni di crisi economica e finanziaria: il populismo e la tecnocrazia. Dopo una rassegna critica della letteratura esistente, si sviluppano due distinti modelli di teoria dei giochi. Il primo analizza il populismo nel contesto di una relazione principale-agente tra l’elettore e il politico. Concentrandosi su come la probabilità che si affermi un governo populista è influenzata dai parametri che catturano la situazione economica del Paese, si dimostra che, in un contesto di crisi economica, è più probabile che il governo attui provvedimenti populisti. Il secondo modello spiega la comparsa di un governo tecnocratico (e in parte anche la sua stabilità) in un sistema politico in cui gli agenti principali sono due partiti e, in alcuni casi, un gruppo di tecnocrati. Qui si prova che il governo tecnocratico ha più probabilità di emergere in un contesto di crisi economica, quando il parlamento è equamente diviso e quando la distanza ideologica tra i due partiti è sufficientemente grande.
This thesis contributes to the literature on theoretical political economy analyzing the effects of economic crisis on the types of government. In particular, we focus on two types of government that can be seen as anomalies empirically related with the emergence of financial and economic crisis: populism and technocracy. After a critical survey of the existing literature on those topics, we develop two different game-theoretical models. The first one studies populism in the context of a standard political-agency relationship between a voter and a politician. We see how the likelihood of the emergence of a populist government is affected by parameters representing the economic conditions of a country, and we find that, in a context of economic crisis, the government is more likely to make populist decisions. The second model explains the emergence of a technocratic government (and captures some issues related to its stability) in a post-election partisan politics setting where the main players are two parties and possibly a group of technocrats. We prove that the technocratic government is more likely to emerge in a context of economic crisis, when the parliament is evenly split and the ideological distance between the two parties is big enough.

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LIONELLO, LUCA. "Trasferimenti di sovranità nell'Unione Economica e Monetaria alla luce della crisi del debito." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/11372.

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La tesi intende fornire un’analisi critica dello sviluppo dell’Unione Economica e Monetaria (UEM) alla luce della crisi del debito sovrano. A partire dal 2009 sono state progressivamente attuate diverse riforme che hanno limitato l’autonomia degli Stati Membri nell’esercizio delle loro prerogative sovrane ed hanno fornito alle istituzione europee nuovi poteri nell’ambito di diverse politiche. La ricerca investiga i trasferimenti di sovranità in corso dal livello nazionale a quello europeo focalizzandosi sulle trasformazioni sia dell’Unione Economica che di quella Monetaria. Nel primo capitolo la tesi analizza i carattere originali dell’UEM dalla sua creazione fino alla ratifica del trattato di Lisbona. Il secondo capitolo considera la creazione dei meccanismi di stabilizzazione introdotti per salvare i paesi a rischio default e garantire la stabilità finanziaria della zona euro nel suo complesso. Il terzo capitolo studia gli interventi della Banca Centrale Europea durante la crisi, analizzando in che modo la necessità di proteggere la moneta unica abbia sviluppato il ruolo della BCE ed esteso il suo mandato. Il quarto capitolo studia la riforma della governance economica tramite il rafforzamento della disciplina fiscale degli Stati Membri. Il quinto capitolo analizza la riforma della governance bancaria e la creazione dell’Unione Bancaria, che è stata finalmente introdotta per interrompere il circolo vizioso tra crisi del debito e crisi bancaria. Nello sviluppo della tesi le diverse riforme verranno analizzate dal punto di visto della loro legalità, efficacia e legittimità democratica.
The thesis aims to provide a critical analysis of the development of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in the light of the sovereign debt crisis. Since 2009 a number of measures have been progressively implemented, which have limited the autonomy of Member States in exercising their sovereign prerogatives and have granted EU institutions new powers in key policy areas. The research will investigate the ongoing transfers of sovereignty from national to European level focusing on the transformation of both the Economic and the Monetary Union. In the first chapter, it will consider the original features of the EMU, from its introduction at the intergovernmental conference of Maastricht until the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty. The second chapter will focus on the creation of rescue and stabilization mechanisms put in place to save Member States from imminent default and to ensure the financial stability of the Eurozone as a whole. The third chapter will study the interventions of the European Central Bank during the crisis considering how the necessity to protect the single currency has developed its role and extended its mandate. The fourth chapter will focus on the reform of the economic governance through the fiscal discipline of Member States. The fifth chapter will take into consideration the reform of the banking governance and the establishment of the European Banking Union, which was finally introduced to stop the vicious cycle between the debt and banking crisis. By developing the thesis, the analysis will consider each reform from the point of view of its legality, effectiveness and democratic legitimacy.

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LIONELLO, LUCA. "Trasferimenti di sovranità nell'Unione Economica e Monetaria alla luce della crisi del debito." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/11372.

Full text

Abstract:

La tesi intende fornire un’analisi critica dello sviluppo dell’Unione Economica e Monetaria (UEM) alla luce della crisi del debito sovrano. A partire dal 2009 sono state progressivamente attuate diverse riforme che hanno limitato l’autonomia degli Stati Membri nell’esercizio delle loro prerogative sovrane ed hanno fornito alle istituzione europee nuovi poteri nell’ambito di diverse politiche. La ricerca investiga i trasferimenti di sovranità in corso dal livello nazionale a quello europeo focalizzandosi sulle trasformazioni sia dell’Unione Economica che di quella Monetaria. Nel primo capitolo la tesi analizza i carattere originali dell’UEM dalla sua creazione fino alla ratifica del trattato di Lisbona. Il secondo capitolo considera la creazione dei meccanismi di stabilizzazione introdotti per salvare i paesi a rischio default e garantire la stabilità finanziaria della zona euro nel suo complesso. Il terzo capitolo studia gli interventi della Banca Centrale Europea durante la crisi, analizzando in che modo la necessità di proteggere la moneta unica abbia sviluppato il ruolo della BCE ed esteso il suo mandato. Il quarto capitolo studia la riforma della governance economica tramite il rafforzamento della disciplina fiscale degli Stati Membri. Il quinto capitolo analizza la riforma della governance bancaria e la creazione dell’Unione Bancaria, che è stata finalmente introdotta per interrompere il circolo vizioso tra crisi del debito e crisi bancaria. Nello sviluppo della tesi le diverse riforme verranno analizzate dal punto di visto della loro legalità, efficacia e legittimità democratica.
The thesis aims to provide a critical analysis of the development of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in the light of the sovereign debt crisis. Since 2009 a number of measures have been progressively implemented, which have limited the autonomy of Member States in exercising their sovereign prerogatives and have granted EU institutions new powers in key policy areas. The research will investigate the ongoing transfers of sovereignty from national to European level focusing on the transformation of both the Economic and the Monetary Union. In the first chapter, it will consider the original features of the EMU, from its introduction at the intergovernmental conference of Maastricht until the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty. The second chapter will focus on the creation of rescue and stabilization mechanisms put in place to save Member States from imminent default and to ensure the financial stability of the Eurozone as a whole. The third chapter will study the interventions of the European Central Bank during the crisis considering how the necessity to protect the single currency has developed its role and extended its mandate. The fourth chapter will focus on the reform of the economic governance through the fiscal discipline of Member States. The fifth chapter will take into consideration the reform of the banking governance and the establishment of the European Banking Union, which was finally introduced to stop the vicious cycle between the debt and banking crisis. By developing the thesis, the analysis will consider each reform from the point of view of its legality, effectiveness and democratic legitimacy.

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Egbe, Manfred Egbe. "Sub-Sahara African Immigrants in the ‘Land of Plenty’: Economic Crisis, Food Insecurity and Hunger in Tarragona and Lleida." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401560.

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Amb la crisi econòmica en l'horitzó, una part creixent de la població a Espanya ha canviat (i segueix canviant) de preocupar-se per la qualitat dels aliments - és a dir, el que ells volen (com quan hi havia abundància), a preocupar-se de nou per la quantitat - sobre l'accés a l'alimentació, l'accés a una quantitat suficient d'aliments al preu més barat possible, sobretot perquè l'abundant disponibilitat d'aliments a Espanya no es tradueix en accés per a cada individu i llar al país - especialment l'accés al tipus d'aliment considerat adequat per a la salut I el benestar. Aquesta creixent secció de la població, una categoria emergent que Schierup et al. (2015) anomenen el 'precariat' (Que és un grup social la experiència en el món del treball està marcada per la "precarietat" en termes de mà d'obra informal , extorsió salarial, temporalitat, incertesa i risc perniciós), un grup social amb creixents dificultats per accedir als aliments són, els immigrants, els refugiats, els aturats, els pensionistes, els subocupats, els treballadors pobres, les famílies monoparentals, etc. Així, aquest estudi se centra en els immigrants africans subsaharians (SSA) que viuen a Lleida i Tarragona dues ciutats de la regió catalana d'Espanya, i posa l'accent en les dimensions desproporcionades i racials de la precarització que sovint es descuiden en la investigació.
Con la crisis económica en el horizonte, una parte creciente de la población en España ha cambiado (y sigue cambiando) de preocuparse por la calidad de los alimentos - es decir, lo que ellos desean (como cuando había abundancia), a preocuparse de nuevo por la cantidad - Sobre el acceso a la alimentación, el acceso a una cantidad suficiente de alimentos al precio más barato posible, sobre todo porque la abundante disponibilidad de alimentos en España no se traduce en acceso para cada individuo y hogar en el país - especialmente el acceso al tipo de alimento considerado adecuado para la salud Y el bienestar. Esta creciente sección de la población, una categoría emergente que Schierup et al.(2015) llaman el ‘precariado’ (Que es un grupo social cuya experiencia en el mundo del trabajo está marcada por la "precariedad" en términos de mano de obra informal, extorsión salarial, temporalidad, incertidumbre y riesgo pernicioso), un grupo social con crecientes dificultades para acceder a los alimentos son, los inmigrantes, los refugiados, los desempleados, los pensionistas, los subempleados, los trabajadores pobres, las familias monoparentales, etc. Así, este estudio se centra en los inmigrantes africanos subsaharianos (SSA) que viven en Lleida y tarragona dos ciudades de la región catalana de España, y hace hincapié en las dimensiones desproporcionadas y raciales de la precarización que a menudo se descuidan en la investigación.
With the economic crisis on the horizon, a growing part of the population in Spain has shifted (and continues to shift) from worrying about food quality – i.e. what they desire (as in when there was abundance), to worrying again about quantity – i.e. about access to food, access to sufficient amount of food at cheapest price possible, especially because abundant food and food availability in Spain does not translate into access for every individual and households in the country – especially access to the kind of food considered appropriate for health and wellbeing. This growing section of the population, an emerging category Schierup et al. (2015) called ‘the precariat’ (that is a social group, whose experience in the world of work is marked by ‘precarity’ in terms of informal labour, wage squeeze, temporariness, uncertainty, and pernicious risk), a social group with increasing difficulties to access food include immigrants, refugees, the unemployed, pensioners, the underemployed, the working poor, single parent families and so on. Thus, this study focus on Sub-Sahara African (SSA) immigrants living in Lleida and Tarragon, two cities in the Catalonia region of Spain, and emphasizes on the disproportionate and racial dimensions of precarization that is often neglected in research.

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Lobato, Rodríguez Marta M. "The subjective revolution: society and culture in post 2008 Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664206.

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La investigación que sustenta esta tesis se sitúa en el contexto de la crisis económica del 2008, la cual tuvo un gran impacto en los países del sur de Europa, así como en otras regiones del mundo. Considerando sus principales consecuencias, como son la desregulación del mercado laboral, la retirada de fondos de inversión pública y el aumento de las desigualdades, esta tesis se propuso encontrar respuestas a preguntas tales como: ¿de qué manera han afectado los cambios socioeconómicos a aquellos segmentos de la sociedad que podríamos llamar de medianos y bajos ingresos en España y Chipre? y ¿cuáles son las bases estructurales y culturales (ideas, narrativas, creencias) sobre las que se están construyendo estas desigualdades? Con el propósito de encontrar respuestas a estas preguntas, llevé a cabo trabajo de campo en diferentes localidades de España y, en menor medida, en Chipre. Esta tesis sugiere que las experiencias de trabajo precario y las crecientes dificultades para manejar las esferas productivas y reproductivas de la vida han creado un décalage con respecto al proyecto de clase media que caracterizaba el Estado de Bienestar de los Estados Europeos de los 70 tras el auge de la financialización y de los mercados globales. De este modo, a pesar de darse ciertas continuidades con dicho proyecto, ha habido un aumento de las desigualdades entre las capas medias y bajas. Para sostener estas expectativas, la llamada ‘clase media’ emerge como una clase “simbólica” que se acerca mucho más al idealismo neoliberal promovido por las élites que a los que realmente han sido desplazados. En el paradigma flexible contemporáneo observamos, así, una re-estructuración de lo que llamo ‘la política económica de los valores’ y de las expectativas que motivan a los trabajadores a vender su fuerza de trabajo. El título de la tesis, “La revolución subjetiva”, engloba ese universo cultural a través del cual los símbolos son movilizados y re-inventados, y en el cual se han desplegado un gran número de recursos para hacerle frente a la crisis. Ahora bien, ¿cuál es el mecanismo a través del cual esta re-estructuración de ‘la economía política de los valores’ se materializa? Entendiendo que esta última ola de precariedad en las condiciones de trabajo ha supuesto una abstracción del valor del trabajo a través de elementos culturales y simbólicos, concluyo que la alienación derivada de este proceso dificulta identificar la precariedad con un retroceso político de las libertades. Por esto, sugiero que el trabajador flexible de la post-crisis mantiene las aspiraciones culturales de esta clase simbólica despiertas, y sus reivindicaciones políticas adormecidas.
The research upon which this thesis is based took place in the context of the economic crisis that hit Southern Europe and other regions of the world in 2008. Considering the changes that scholars were pointing at, such as the further de-regulation of the labour market, the cuts in public spending, and the rising levels of inequality, I sought to find specific answers to the questions: In what ways have socio-economic transformations following the crisis changed the lives of ‘middle’ and ‘lower-middle’ segments of the Spanish and Cypriot societies? And, what are the structural and qualitative foundations (ideas, narratives, beliefs) informing these new inequalities? For this purpose, fieldwork was carried out in different settings and locations in Spain, and to a lesser extent, in Cyprus. This thesis proposes that experiences of precarious work, and the increasing difficulties with managing the productive and reproductive life spheres, have created a disjuncture with the middle-class project that European welfare states pursued after the 70s with the rise of financialization and global capitalism. Despite the continuities of this project, recent processes have led to rising inequalities between the middle and lower-income groups. As a way of sustaining class expectations, the so called ‘middle classes’ emerge once again as a symbolic class that stands much closer to the neoliberal ideals of the elites than to the truly dispossessed. In today’s flexibility paradigm, we see a restructuring of what I term ‘the political economy of values’ and the expectations that prompt workers to sell their labour. The thesis title “The subjective revolution” encapsulates the cultural world through which symbols are mobilized and re-invented, alluding to the incredible resourcefulness with which the dispossessed middle-income groups have reacted to the crisis and its aftermath. What is the mechanism by which such a restructuring of the political economy of values is taking place? By understanding that this recent wave of worsening labour conditions has required a new ‘abstraction’ of labour value through cultural and symbolic means, I conclude that further alienation prevents people from identifying current political practices with ‘unfreedom’. Thus, I conclude that the idea of the flexible worker was brought into play again after the 2008 financial crash as a symbol whose purpose is to keep the cultural aspirations of this symbolic class awake and its politics asleep.

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Mattei, Giorgio. "Impatto delle crisi economiche, dell'organizzazione del lavoro e della riabilitazione mediante inserimenti lavorativi sulla salute mentale in Italia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1239424.

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Nel primo capitolo viene studiata la relazione tra ospedalizzazioni dovute a disturbi psichiatrici e la grave crisi economica iniziata nel 2008; viene inoltre approfondito il possibile effetto moderatore esercitato dalla protezione sociale. Tra le donne, l'aumento della disoccupazione è risultato associato ad aumento delle ospedalizzazioni dovute a disturbi senili e organici, mentre la riduzione del Prodotto Interno Lordo (PIL) è risultata associata ad aumento delle ospedalizzazioni dovute a tutti i disturbi psichiatrici, ai disturbi dell'umore, e ai disturbi da uso di alcol e sostanze. Tra gli uomini l'aumento della disoccupazione è risultato associato ad aumento delle ospedalizzazioni dovute a tutti i disturbi psichiatrici, ai disturbi dell'umore, alla schizofrenia e ad altri disturbi psicotici, e ai disturbi senili organici. La riduzione del PIL è risultata associata ad aumento delle ospedalizzazioni dovute a tutti i disturbi psichiatrici e ai disturbi da uso di alcol e sostanze. La protezione sociale è risultata in grado di assorbire le conseguenze negative per la salute mentale provocate dalla riduzione del PIL in entrambi i sessi, per quanto riguarda i disturbi da uso di alcool. Tra il 2008 e il 2014 i costi di ospedalizzazione per disturbi psichiatrici a livello nazionale hanno superato i 79,425,797 di euro, cioè 11,346,542 euro all’anno, mediamente. Nel secondo capitolo è stata indagata l'efficacia e l'efficienza dei programmi di inserimento lavorativo condotti presso il dipartimento di salute mentale di Modena, e il loro impatto sull’occupabilità degli utenti coinvolti in tali programmi nel 2018. Si tratta di 62 utenti (donne 29, 46%; età media 43±13 anni), in cui l'analisi pre-post ha mostrato che dopo l'inizio dei percorsi di inserimento lavorativi il numero i giorni di ospedalizzazione si sono ridotti significativamente e non si è ricorso ad alcun trattamento sanitario obbligatorio. Inoltre, la mediana di interventi urgenti è significativamente diminuita. Nel 2018, i percorsi di inserimento lavorativo hanno reso possibile una riduzione dei costi di ricovero fino a 49,243.50 euro, cioè 794.25 euro per utente. Al 31 dicembre 2018, 27 erano occupati (44% del campione); 11 utenti avevano un contratto a tempo indeterminato, mentre 16 avevano un contratto a tempo determinato. Il terzo capitolo ha indagata retrospettivamente l'associazione tra caratteristiche dell'ambiente di lavoro e rischio di depressione dopo il pensionamento, utilizzando dati dalla Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), wave 6 e 7. Quest'ultima ha fornito dati retrospettivi sulle caratteristiche di lavoro dei rispondenti prima del pensionamento. Si sono effettuate regressioni logistiche binarie per analizzare l'associazione tra presenza di depressione dopo il pensionamento (individuata dalla scala Euro-D) e caratteristiche dell'ambiente di lavoro in 584 individui. L’equità del salario percepito è risultata significativamente associata a una riduzione del rischio di depressione dopo il pensionamento (OR=0.75, p=0.047). Sesso femminile, numero di malattie croniche presenza del partner nel nucleo domestico sono risultati associati ad aumentato rischio di depressione (OR=1.84, p<0.01; OR=1.58, p<0.01; OR=1.45, p<0.01, rispettivamente), mentre un elevato livello di istruzione riduceva il rischio (OR=0.88, p=0.048). Per quanto riguarda la personalità, il rischio di depressione dopo il pensionamento aumentava all'aumentare dei livelli di nevroticismo (OR=1.49, <0.01), mentre diminuiva all'aumentare dei livelli di coscienziosità (OR=0.73, p=0.06).
In the first paper, the relationship between hospital admissions due to psychiatric disorders and the severe economic downturn caused by the 2008 financial crisis was studied. Also, the buffering mechanism exerted by social protection (SP) was considered. Among women, increased unemployment was associated with increased hospitalizations due to organic and senile mental disorders, while decreased gross domestic product (GDP) was associated with increased hospitalizations due to all psychiatric disorders, mood disorders, alcohol-related disorders, and substance-related disorder. Among men, increased unemployment was associated with increased hospitalizations due to all psychiatric disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, and organic and senile mental disorders. Decreased GDP was associated with increased hospitalizations due to all psychiatric disorders and alcohol-related disorders. SP buffered the negative mental health outcomes caused by decreased GDP in both genders, specifically with respect to alcohol-related disorders. Between 2008 and 2014 hospitalizations cost exceeded 79,425,797 euros at national level, 11,346,542 euros per year. In the second paper, the efficacy and effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation programs (VRPs) carried out at the Modena Mental Health Department (MHD), and their impact on users’ employability were assessed. A retrospective study was used. All users of the Modena MHD included in VRPs in 2018 were enrolled. A before-after analysis was carried out. Also, exposed users were compared to a non-experimental control group, made up of users not included in VRPs in 2018, homogeneous in terms of socio-demographic characteristics and variables, diagnoses and severity level. In 2018, 62 users ended the VRP (women 29, 46%; mean age 43±13 years old), thus representing the sample of exposed users. The before-after comparison showed that after the beginning of VRPs, the number and days of hospitalization significantly decreased, and no compulsory hospitalization was needed. Also, the median of urgent health interventions declined. In 2018, VRPs made it possible to reduce costs up to 49,243.50 euros, i.e. 794.25 euros per user. Of the 62 users who ended VRPs, on 31 December 2018 twenty-seven were employed (44% of the sample). Eleven users had an open-end contract while sixteen users had a fixed-term contract. Of the latter, six were later changed in open-term contracts. The third paper investigated the association between work environment factors and risk of depression after retirement. A secondary retrospective analysis was carried out using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), wave 6 and 7. The latter provided retrospective data on the respondents’ working conditions before retirement. Binary logistic regressions were used to analyze the association between presence of depression after retirement (detected by the Euro-D scale) and work environment factors in 584 individuals. With respect to work environment factors only fair salary was associated with reduced risk of depression after retirement (OR=0.75, p=0.047). Female gender, number of chronic diseases and presence of the partner in the household increased the risk of depression (OR=1.84, p<0.01; OR=1.58, p<0.01; OR=1.45, p<0.01, respectively), while higher education decreased it (OR=0.88, p=0.048). With respect to personality, the risk of depression after retirement increased a higher level of neuroticism (OR=1.49, <0.01). Differently, increased consciousness was associated with decreased risk of depression (OR=0.73, p=0.06).

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Corinaldesi, Patrizio. "The Strategy of Italian micro-small business to face the current economic difficulties." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-19609.

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The current economic-financial conditions in Italy are characterized by the financial crisis, decrease in demand, increase in taxation and banking credit restriction. Moreover, this aspects add up to structural problems of the Italian economy, like low level of labor productivity and high public debt. Italian industry is formed mainly by micro and small companies, that are suffering particularly this situation. This research wants to identify successful strategies for micro and small Italian companies to face actual difficulties and compete in these dynamics. To do that, the method chosen is the multiple-case and the qualitative research with semi-structured interviews to key respondents and strategic decision makers of three micro and small Italian companies. Starting from the literature review on strategic subjects, this paper wants to contribute to investigate a range of successful strategies that Italian micro-small companies could adopt to overcome current problems. The findings of this research are that part of the strategic process should be internal to companies, adopting a right size and boundaries, a good corporate culture, a rigorous financial management and a deep innovation’s process, both for process and products. Then, the more successful competitive strategy for Italian small company seems to be a hybrid strategy, mostly balanced on differentiation. Finally, a partial diversification by developing new products or/and new markets is a good strategy to diversify the high risk of the current situation and create new possibilities of success.

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BRUNO, VALERIO ALFONSO. "IL RUOLO EUROPEO DELLA GERMANIA DALLA CRISI ECONOMICA AL 2015: L'INFLUENZA REGIONALE TRA EGEMONIA RILUTTANTE E CAPACITA'DI LEADERSHIP." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/17946.

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La ricerca indaga qual sia stato il ruolo regionale della Germania nel periodo che va dalla crisi economica del 2008 al 2015 basandosi su tre elementi in particolare: 1)Tipologia/stile di potere regionale. Il potere esercitato dalla Germania a livello regionale di tipo egemonico coercitivo o benevolente e multilaterale. 2)Guida/conduzione della regione. L'efficacia complessiva della guida/conduzione regionale della Germania nel periodo post-crisi. 3)Influenza complessiva. L’influenza complessiva del potere della Germania a livello regionale tra il 2008 ed il 2015. La ricerca sostiene che la Germania, successivamente alla crisi economica globale, abbia disposto nell’arco temporale 2008-2015 di un potere molto efficace, sia a livello deliberato che non-intenzionale, sviluppando un ruolo regionale non sempre ben definito, esibendo tuttavia tratti caratteristici più assimilabili alla leadership in senso stretto e dimostrandosi spesso molto capace nel condurre la regione europea attraverso situazioni critiche.
The research investigates what has been the particular role of Germany in the period from the 2008 economic crisis up to 2015, based on three elements in particular: 1) Type/style of regional power. The power exercised by Germany, on a continuum from a regional hegemonic type to a benevolent and multilateral leadership. 2) Guide/conduct of region. The overall effectiveness of Germany's regional guide role in the post-crisis period. 3) Overall influence or "power over outcomes". The influence excercised by Germany at the regional level between 2008 and 2015. The research supports eventually that Germany, following the global economic crisis, has disposed during the period 2008-2015 of a very effective power (both intentional and non-intentional) developing a particular regional role not always in a clear and defined way, exhibiting indeed traits similar to a leadership and being often capable of leading the European region through critical situations.

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BRUNO, VALERIO ALFONSO. "IL RUOLO EUROPEO DELLA GERMANIA DALLA CRISI ECONOMICA AL 2015: L'INFLUENZA REGIONALE TRA EGEMONIA RILUTTANTE E CAPACITA'DI LEADERSHIP." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/17946.

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La ricerca indaga qual sia stato il ruolo regionale della Germania nel periodo che va dalla crisi economica del 2008 al 2015 basandosi su tre elementi in particolare: 1)Tipologia/stile di potere regionale. Il potere esercitato dalla Germania a livello regionale di tipo egemonico coercitivo o benevolente e multilaterale. 2)Guida/conduzione della regione. L'efficacia complessiva della guida/conduzione regionale della Germania nel periodo post-crisi. 3)Influenza complessiva. L’influenza complessiva del potere della Germania a livello regionale tra il 2008 ed il 2015. La ricerca sostiene che la Germania, successivamente alla crisi economica globale, abbia disposto nell’arco temporale 2008-2015 di un potere molto efficace, sia a livello deliberato che non-intenzionale, sviluppando un ruolo regionale non sempre ben definito, esibendo tuttavia tratti caratteristici più assimilabili alla leadership in senso stretto e dimostrandosi spesso molto capace nel condurre la regione europea attraverso situazioni critiche.
The research investigates what has been the particular role of Germany in the period from the 2008 economic crisis up to 2015, based on three elements in particular: 1) Type/style of regional power. The power exercised by Germany, on a continuum from a regional hegemonic type to a benevolent and multilateral leadership. 2) Guide/conduct of region. The overall effectiveness of Germany's regional guide role in the post-crisis period. 3) Overall influence or "power over outcomes". The influence excercised by Germany at the regional level between 2008 and 2015. The research supports eventually that Germany, following the global economic crisis, has disposed during the period 2008-2015 of a very effective power (both intentional and non-intentional) developing a particular regional role not always in a clear and defined way, exhibiting indeed traits similar to a leadership and being often capable of leading the European region through critical situations.

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DE, ROSA CORRADO. "IL FINANZIAMENTO ALLE IMPRESE IN CRISI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/282730.

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The subject of the analysis relates the liabilities against the banks arising from the lending to companies in economic distress or default ("concessione abusiva di credito"). Traditional doctrines, from France and Belgium, affirmed that the bank should be considered liable for the damages caused to the creditors of the company. This claim is based on the principle of entrust and deceptive appearance: the creditor negotiates with the company, and trusts the company's solvency, because the bank funded (and keeps on founding) it. Italian courts (see also Cassazione Sezioni Unite 7029-7030-7031/2006) followed the above mentioned interpretation, but determined that the creditor's claim is personal: the bank cannot be sued by the official receiver ("curatore fallimentare"). As a consequence of the above, banks are actually immune from any claim: single creditors do not have the power and information needed to prove the liability. “Concessione abusive del credito”, under this interpretation, is a rigid and limited tort. Some Authors suggested that the banks, in case of negligent lending, can be considered as shadow directors - interfering in the company's decisions - and can be sued by the official receiver ("curatore fallimentare") for the damages caused to the company itself. This analysis explores another solution, resulting from recent studies in Germany (H. KÖTZ, Vertragsrecht, Tübingen, 2009) and Italy (C. MIGLIO, L’autonomia privata nel rapporto di finanziamento bancario, Giust. Civ. 2013, 9, p. 473). Briefly, under this different interpretation, the bank's loan granted to companies defaulted and/or in distress, should be considered void. This different solution considers the “concessione abusive di credito” a threat to economic public order, generating negative externalities. Italian Constitution states that economic initiatives (“iniziativa economica”) cannot be contrary to public social utility (art. 41 co 2) – and bank law declares that the bank is obliged to a safe and prudent lending (art. 5 T.U.B.). As a consequence of the above mentioned second interpretation, the banks lose every guarantee, mortgage and surety securing the relevant loans; furthermore the banks can be sued by “curatore fallimentare” for precontractual liability (art. 1338 c.c.): if someone does not disclose the voidness of a contract (that he knows or should know that it is void) the other part shall be compensated of the relevant damages suffered. The last step of the analysis regards loan agreements executed in the framework of a restructuring procedure. Italian bankruptcy law has developed in the last 10 years three different restructuring procedures: “piani di risanamento” (art. 67 l.fall.), “concordato preventivo” (art. 160 l.fall.) and “accordi di ristrutturazione dei debiti” (art. 182-bis l.fall.). According to the prevailing doctrine, in the context of a restructuring procedure, the bank cannot be considered liable of “concessione abousiva di credito”: the relevant loan agreement is promoted and fostered by Italian law. But under an economic analysis of such law, a “no liability” rule is inefficient: the bank could avoid any credit rating and investigation on the condition of the company, allocating the default risk on the other creditors. We suggest that Italian law’s “favor” should be valued in considering bank’s malice or negligence. Only when the lender knows (or should have known) that the turnaround plan was inconsistent, he should be asked for compensation by the creditors. In this perimeter, the contract should be usually considered enforceable: Italian law encourages lending during the turnaround procedures – the contract is not contrasting economic public order, but it can be the base of a compensation plea.

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BRUNO, FEDERICO. "ORDOLIBERALISM AND THE REFORM OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE DURING THE EURO CRISIS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/748061.

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The thesis aims at investigating the influence of Ordoliberalism, a German variant of Neoliberalism, in the reforms of the European economic governance undertaken during the crisis. The influence of the ordoliberal ideology has become, in the last years, a contentious topic: part of the literature claims that Ordoliberalism did influence the actions of the German government in the years of the crisis, while another part denies that this ideology played any significant role. This thesis aims to contribute to this debate. The thesis is divided in two parts. The first one is theoretical and reconstructs the ordoliberal ideology relying on Michael Freeden’s morphological approach. The second part is empirical and uses the methodologies of political science to trace the influence of this ideology in the European crisis politics.

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Dot, Jutglà Esteve. "La ciutat emprenedora en un context de crisi urbana: la capacitat d’adaptació del projecte 22@Barcelona (2000-2013)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/308329.

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La tesi doctoral se centra en l’estudi de la transformació urbana i econòmica del Poblenou (Barcelona) com a conseqüència de la implementació del projecte 22@Barcelona en el període 2000-2013. La investigació examina l’estratègia que adopta Barcelona amb l’atracció i desenvolupament d’activitats del coneixement al Poblenou en un període que compren dues èpoques ben diferenciades, de bonança i de crisi econòmica; davant d’aquests reptes, els agents urbans reaccionen canviant objectius i propostes, fruit de reivindicacions i de necessitats. Amb aquest objectiu s’analitza el procés a partir de l’estudi de les característiques dels projectes i els efectes en la transformació morfològica i econòmica de l’espai; junt amb el rol dels agents públics, socials i econòmics implicats en el projecte urbanístic. L’anàlisi de l’espai productiu es fa a partir del marc teòric de la ciutat emprenedora. Els elements que vertebren la ciutat emprenedora són l’esperit emprenedor dels agents, la trajectòria històrica (econòmica, social i institucional), el rol dels agents participants, i la dinàmica de governança establerta entre els agents polítics, socials i econòmics en diferents períodes. La metodologia de recerca compren el buidatge bibliogràfic, l’explotació de l’estadística descriptiva, les eines qualitatives de l’experiència del treball de camp, l’examen dels estudis de cas (del projecte 22@Barcelona i de Can Ricart), i la realització d’entrevistes semi estructurades i de qüestionaris. Els resultats de la recerca proporcionen claus interpretatives per avaluar la incidència del projecte. En primer lloc, es fa evident que l’estratègia de revitalització econòmica que s’impulsa des de l’Ajuntament és el motor de canvi a l’espai productiu del Poblenou. En segon lloc, la transformació té un impacte important amb efectes en la configuració demogràfica, social i econòmica de l’àrea. En tercer lloc, es fa palès el rol i les accions dels diferents agents que participen en la reestructuració del Poblenou. La tesi identifica el procés de transformació urbana com a procés de governança format per la interacció complexa de forces incrustades en la trajectòria històrica del Poblenou i dels agents públics, socials i econòmics amb capacitat d’interacció a partir d’interessos contraposats. L’anàlisi dels estudis de cas permet avançar en la generació de línies interpretatives i d’orientació de política pública vinculada a estratègies de desenvolupament econòmic urbà.
This thesis focuses on the study of urban and economic transformation in Poblenou (Barcelona) as a result of the implementation in 2000 of the 22@Barcelona project. The research examines the strategy adopted by the Barcelona City Council approving a new urban planning ordinance aimed at transforming the old industrial area of Poblenou into a magnet for new activities. The thesis specifically explores the adaptability of the agents involved in the project in the period 2000-2013. The analysis of the productive area is based on the theoretical framework of the entrepreneurial city. The elements that structure the theoretical framework are the entrepreneurial spirit from the agents, the path dependency (economic, social and institutional), the role of the agents involved, and the dynamics of governance established between political agents, social and economic. The research methodology is divided into the literature review, descriptive statistics, qualitative fieldwork experience, case studies research (the 22@Barcelona project and Can Ricart complex), focused interviews and questionnaires. The research results provide interpretations of the impact of the project. First, the economic revitalization strategy promoted by the City Council is the engine of change in the productive area of Poblenou. Second, the transformation effects have a significant impact in shaping demographic, social and economic aspects. Finally, the characterization of the role and actions from different agents involved. The thesis identifies the process of urban transformation as a process of multiple governances, given by the complex interaction of different forces embedded in the path dependency of Poblenou and the ability to interact with agents from opposed interests. The analysis of the case studies enables to progress in the generation of some interpretative guidance and public policy related to urban and economic geography and public development strategies.

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Garcia, Muniesa Jordi. "Preferences for redistribution in times of crisis. The role of fairness considerations and personal economic circumstances." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668069.

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L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és contribuir a la comprensió de com les preferències de la ciutadania cap a la redistribució es poden veure afectades per un context de crisi econòmica. L’anàlisi se centra en dos mecanismes pels quals les crisis poden influencia les preferències cap a la redistribució: els canvis en la situació econòmica personal i l’activació consideracions de justícia específicament relacionades amb el context de crisi. El primer capítol empíric de la tesi se centra en l’impacte de les experiències personals amb la crisi sobre les preferències dels individus per un tipus de política redistributiva en concret: la progressivitat fiscal. Utilitzo dades originals d’una enquesta elaborada en nou països europeus després de la gran crisi de 2008. Els resultats mostren que les preferències redistributives dels ciutadans europeus correlacionaven amb la seva experiència amb la crisi. Aquells que expressaven major privació relativa retrospectiva mostraven major suport per la progressivitat fiscal. De totes formes, els resultats mostren que l’associació era moderada. En part perquè els efectes dels canvis en la situació econòmica personal no van ser homogenis. Entre aquells més afectats per la crisi, només els ciutadans de dretes i aquells que eren pessimistes sobre el seu futur econòmic mostraven un major suport per la progressivitat fiscal. Al segon i tercer capítols empírics de la tesi analitzo com les consideracions de justícia sobre qui i per què va patir les conseqüències econòmiques de la crisi influeixen les preferències per la redistribució dels ciutadans. En primer lloc, a través d’un experiment de laboratori amb incentius econòmics demostro que les consideracions de justícia basades en si les persones pateixen una pèrdua d’ingressos a causa de factors sota o aliens al control individual influeixen en el suport a la redistribució. Amb aquest experiment també demostro que les consideracions de justícia continuen tenint importància quan s’introdueixen altres motivacions com l’interès personal i la seguretat econòmica. L’experiment de laboratori em permet provar el mecanisme en un context amb una alta validesa interna. Per comprovar si les consideracions de justícia específicament referides a la situació de la crisi poden influir el suport ciutadà a la redistribució en un entorn més realista i contextualment ric, he utilitzat un experiment d’enquesta. Els tractaments feien referències directes a la crisi econòmica i les seves conseqüències. A través d’aquest experiment analitzo si els marcs conceptuals que atribuïen les causes de patir els efectes de la crisi a factors sota o més enllà del control individual van afectar el suport popular a la redistribució cap als perdedors de crisis després de la Gran Recessió. Curiosament, els resultats mostren que els marcs conceptuals que atribuïen el fet de patir els efectes negatius de la crisi a factors més enllà del control individual no van augmentar significativament el suport a la redistribució. Per contra, els marcs que atribuïen l’impacte de la crisi a un dels factors sota control individual (comportament especulatiu en el passat) si van reduir el suport a la redistribució. En conjunt, la tesi mostra que un context de crisi econòmica pot influir en les preferències per la redistribució de la ciutadania. De totes formes, no hem d’esperar que les crisis econòmiques tinguin efectes automàtics i homogenis sobre aquestes preferències. D’una banda, he mostrat que les experiències personals amb la crisi poden afectar els nivells de suport a la redistribució, però l’efecte està condicionat per les posicions ideològiques i les expectatives econòmiques dels individus. A més, he demostrat que no només les circumstàncies materials personals poden influir en les preferències per la redistribució. La interpretació que fan els individus de la crisi i els seus efectes també pot influir en el seu suport a la redistribució. Això obre les portes a la influència política de les elits polítiques a través de pràctiques de discursives i l’ús de marcs conceptuals específics.
The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of how public preferences for redistribution can be affected by contexts of economic crisis. The analysis is focussed on two different mechanisms by which crises can influence redistributive preferences: changes in personal economic circumstances and the activation of crisis-specific fairness considerations. The first empirical chapter of the thesis is focussed on the impact of personal experiences with the crisis on individuals’ preferences for a very specific redistributive policy: progressive taxation. I use original data from a survey conducted in nine European countries in the aftermath of the Great Recession. The results show that European citizens’ redistributive preferences correlated with their personal experience with the crisis. Those who reported higher retrospective relative deprivation tended to show higher support for progressive taxation. Nevertheless, results also show that the aggregate association was moderate. Partly because the effects of changes in personal economic circumstances were not homogeneous. Among those who were hit by the crisis, only right-leaning citizens and those who were pessimistic about their personal economic prospects showed increased support for tax progressivity. In the second and third empirical chapters of the thesis I analyse how fairness considerations relative to who and why suffered the negative economic consequences of crisis influence citizens’ redistributive preferences. Firstly, using an economically incentivised laboratory experiment I show that fairness considerations based on whether individuals suffered an income-loss due to factors under or beyond the individual control influence individuals’ support for redistribution. With this experiment I also show that fairness considerations continue to matter when self-interest and insurance motives are primed. The lab experiment allows me to test the mechanism in a context with high internal validity. To test whether crisis-specific fairness considerations can influence public’s support for redistribution in a more realistic and contextually rich setting I relied on a vignette-based survey experiment. The treatments made direct references to the economic crisis and its consequences. Through this experiment I analyse whether frames attributing the causes of being affected by the crisis to factors under or beyond individual control affected people’s support for redistribution towards crisis losers in the aftermath of the Great Recession. Interestingly, the results show that frames attributing being affected by the crisis to factors beyond individual control did not significantly increase support for redistribution. Contrarily, frames attributing the crisis impact to one of the factors under the individual control (past speculative behaviour) did reduce support for redistribution. Overall, the thesis shows that a context of economic crisis can influence citizens’ preferences for redistribution. However, we should not expect recessions to have automatic and homogeneous effects on citizens’ redistributive preferences. On one hand, I show that personal experiences with the crisis can affect the levels of support for redistribution, but the effect is conditional to individuals’ ideological standings and economic expectations. Additionally, I have shown that not only personal material circumstances can influence people’s redistributive preferences. Their interpretation of the crisis and its effects can also influence their support for redistribution. This opens the door for political influence of political elites through framing practices.

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Andreu, i. Rosés Mercè. "Explica'm un relat i et diré què penses. La formació del pensament crític de l'alumnat de quart d'ESO." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672046.

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Presentem una investigació realitzada a joves de 15 i 16 anys sobre com formen el seu pensament social, a partir dels seus relats, els quals són un instrument idoni per expressar les seves opinions, inquietuds o alternatives de futur. Si tenim en compte que el pensament es reflecteix en el llenguatge, la narració és un instrument essencial en l’ensenyament de les ciències socials, per saber com les i els joves elegits en la investigació, interpreten la realitat i el seu món, i com podem intervenir des de les aules per ajudar-los a formar el seu pensament crític. La temàtica escollida ha estat la crisi econòmica que s’inicia el 2008 i que afecta una bona part de la vida d’aquests joves. La investigació també ha consistit en l’experimentació d’una seqüència didàctica sobre la crisi, com Qüestió Socialment Viva, per analitzar com afronten aquest problema social i les seves capacitats per buscar solucions o alternatives. El tema de la crisi ens permet, a més, indagar sobre altres aspectes que considerem importants, dins de el pensament crític, com poden ser: la visió que tenen sobre el món actual, les solucions que aporten per combatre la crisi, com veuen el sistema capitalista , quina lectura fan de les conseqüències d’aquest sistema, quines propostes de millora plantegen, la seva visió sobre el futur, com interpreten la realitat present, etc ... Estudiar la formació del pensament crític i els factors que hi intervenen, ens sembla especialment interessant en l’actual context marcat pels accelerats canvis tecnològics, l’allau d’informacions (de sospitosa fiabilitat, moltes vegades), la globalització, l’emergència climàtica, la multiculturalitat, la gran desigualtat existent ... que caracteritzen la societat contemporània. És important, creiem, conèixer com el conformen per poder, des de les aules, incidir en la millora de la formació del pensament crític per educar joves amb coneixements, voluntat d’implicació social i capacitat per acabar actuant i participant activament en la societat i el moment que els ha tocat viure amb la finalitat de contribuir a la seva millora. La investigació s’inicia en el curs 2012-13, com un procés sistemàtic de reflexió sobre la pràctica del professorat de ciències socials, i finalitza el 2020, com a procés d’investigació-innovació en un centre educatiu amb unes característiques determinades, amb una població immigrant nombrosa i famílies amb dificultats econòmiques en contrast amb altres d’un nivell socioeconòmic i cultural alt. Els resultats obtinguts ens permeten aportar un coneixement valuós perquè en altres contextos pugui ser útil, per a la formació d’el pensament crític de l’alumnat de secundària quan es treballa amb problemes socials rellevants. Ara coneixem en profunditat les representacions socials de l’alumnat sobre la crisi, les necessitats que té de poder manifestar les seves idees i les moltes possibilitats que té el professorat per innovar en els estudis socials. L’estudi s’ha dut a terme durant els cursos acadèmics 2012-13, 2013-14 i 2015-16, amb una mostra total de 147 estudiants de quart de l’ESO, dividits en dues classes per cada curs. El fet que aquests joves fossin de procedències geogràfiques diferents i nivells socioeconòmics molt dispars, sens dubte ha contribuït a enriquir els resultats de la investigació.
Presentamos una investigación realizada a jóvenes de 15 y 16 años sobre cómo forman su pensamiento social, a partir de sus relatos, los cuales son un instrumento idóneo para expresar sus opiniones, inquietudes o alternativas de futuro. Si tenemos en cuenta que el pensamiento se refleja en el lenguaje, la narración es un instrumento esencial en la enseñanza de las ciencias sociales, para saber cómo las y los jóvenes elegidos en la investigación, interpretan la realidad y su mundo, y cómo podemos intervenir desde las aulas para ayudarlos a formar su pensamiento crítico. La temática elegida ha sido la crisis económica que se inicia en el 2008 y que afecta una buena parte de la vida de estos jóvenes. La investigación también ha consistido en la experimentación de una secuencia didáctica sobre la crisis, como Cuestión Socialmente Viva, para analizar cómo afrontan este problema social y sus capacidades para buscar soluciones o alternativas. El tema de la crisis nos permite, además, indagar sobre otros aspectos que consideramos importantes, dentro del pensamiento crítico, como pueden ser: la visión que tienen sobre el mundo actual, las soluciones que aportan para combatir la crisis, como ven el sistema capitalista, qué lectura hacen de las consecuencias de este sistema, qué propuestas de mejora plantean, su visión sobre el futuro, como interpretan la realidad presente, etc ... Estudiar la formación del pensamiento crítico y los factores que intervienen, nos parece especialmente interesante en el actual contexto marcado por los acelerados cambios tecnológicos, el alud de informaciones (de sospechosa fiabilidad, muchas veces), la globalización, la emergencia climática, la multiculturalidad, la gran desigualdad existente ... que caracterizan la sociedad contemporánea. Es importante, creemos, conocer como lo conforman para poder, desde las aulas, incidir en la mejora de la formación del pensamiento crítico para educar a jóvenes con conocimientos, voluntad de implicación social y capacidad para acabar actuando y participando activamente en la sociedad y el momento que les ha tocado vivir con el fin de contribuir a su mejora. La investigación se inicia en el curso 2012-13, como un proceso sistemático de reflexión sobre la práctica del profesorado de ciencias sociales, y finaliza en 2020, como proceso de investigación-innovación en un centro educativo con unas características determinadas, con una población inmigrante numerosa y familias con dificultades económicas en contraste con otras de un nivell socioeconómico y cultural alto. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten aportar un conocimiento valioso para que en otros contextos pueda ser útil, para la formación del pensamiento crítico del alumnado de secundaria cuando se trabaja con problemas sociales relevantes. Ahora conocemos en profundidad las representaciones sociales del alumnado sobre la crisis, las necesidades que tiene de poder manifestar sus ideas y las muchas posibilidades que tiene el profesorado para innovar en los estudios sociales. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo durante los cursos académicos 2012-13, 2013-14 y 2015-16, con una muestra total de 147 estudiantes de cuarto de la ESO, divididos en dos clases por cada curso. El hecho que estos jóvenes fueran de procedencias geográficas distintas y niveles socioeconómicos muy dispares, sin duda ha contribuido a enriquecer los resultados de la investigación.
We present an investigation carried out to young people aged 15 and 16 on how they form their social thinking, based on their stories, which are an ideal instrument to express their opinions, concerns or alternatives for the future. If we take into account that thought is reflected in language, narration is an essential instrument in the teaching of social sciences to know how the young people selected for the research interpret reality and their world, and how we can intervene from the classrooms to help them train their critical thinking. The chosen theme was the economic crisis that began in 2008 and that affects a good part of the lives of these young people. The research has also consisted in the experimentation of a didactic sequence on the crisis as a current social question, to analyze how they face this social problem and their capacities to find solutions or alternatives. The issue of the crisis also allows us to inquire about other aspects that we consider relevant within critical thinking such as: the vision they have about the current world, the solutions they provide to combat the crisis, how they see the capitalist system, what reading do they make of the consequences of this system, what proposals for improvement they make, their vision of the future, how they interpret the present reality, etc ... Studying the formation of critical thinking and the factors that intervene, we find it especially interesting in the present context marked by accelerated technological changes, the flood of information (of suspicious reliability, many times), the globalization, the climatic emergency, the multiculturalism, the great existing inequality ... that characterize contemporary society. We believe it is important to know how they make it up in order to be able, from the classroom, to influence the improvement of the formation of critical thinking to educate young people with knowledge, with the will to get socially involved and the ability to end up acting and actively participating in the society they have had to live in order to contribute to its improvement. The research begins in the 2012-13 academic year, as a systematic process of reflection on the practice of social sciences teachers, and ends in 2020, as a research-innovation process in an educational center with certain characteristics, with a large immigrant population and families with economic difficulties in contrast to others of a high socioeconomic and cultural level. The results obtained allow us to provide valuable knowledge so that in other contexts it can be useful for the formation of critical thinking in secondary school students when working with relevant social problems. Now we know in depth the social representations of the students about the crisis, the needs they have to be able to express their ideas and the many possibilities that teachers have to innovate in social studies. The study was carried out during the academic years 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2015-16, with a total sample of 147 fourth-year ESO students, divided into two classes for each course. The fact that these young people came from different geographical origins and very different socioeconomic levels has undoubtedly contributed to enriching the results of the research.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Educació

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Bernat, Molina Ignasi. "Mapping the crimes of the powerful and the economic crisis: crime, state and power." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673707.

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The ‘Mapping the Crimes of the Powerful and the Economic Crisis: Crime, State and Power’ focuses on four recent episodes of the different crisis affecting Southern Europe. Departing from criminological literature and crimes of the powerful, the thesis draws attention upon certain elements that made possible the conditions of possibility that led to these crises. The crises need to be understood as the result of the crimes of the powerful. Thus, the thesis interrogates the nature of the crimes of the powerful, as it understands that these crimes are those which produce a wider social harm. Answering from criminology requires an understanding of how these have been conceptualized. Particularly, the thesis defends that state-corporate crimes have to be understood as a process instead of the sum of different isolated cases. We need to locate them within a wider political economy growingly financialised and a set of corporate power relationships, but also colonial and patriarchal that relegate common resources and social rights to mere commodities. Corporate crimes play a key role in the process of power and wealth accumulation. The corporation is the institutionalisation of power relations (class, gender and colonial) where dispossession and violence take place. The corporation and the state that works in its behalf, have proved the capacity to pass laws, to threaten governments, to deploy illegal practices, neglect rights and dispossess people through corporate power and symbolic violence. The crimes of the powerful cannot be scrutinized outside of the political economy where these crimes occur. Financialization of the economy has been a common factor behind all these events that turned previous rights into commodities that had to be bought in the market. Finally, the thesis reclaims the importance of the geopolitical dimension as an element to understand the different kind of crimes that will happen in diverse areas. That is, regional power regimes shape the crimes of the powerful that will occur in each specific area. To comprehend the role played by each of these elements, state, economy and power continues to be central for a criminology that aims to be critical.
La tesi ‘Mapping the Crimes of the Powerful and the Economic Crisis: Crime, State and Power’ es concentra en quatre episodis recents de les diverses crisis que afecten el sud d’Europa. Partint de la literatura criminològica i dels crims dels poderosos, la tesi fixa l’atenció en els diversos elements que han fet possible les condicions que han portat a aquestes crisis. Les crisis han de ser enteses com el resultat dels crims dels poderosos. D’aquesta forma la tesi s’interroga per la naturalesa dels crims dels poderosos, doncs entén que són aquests crims els que generen un major dany social. La tesi es pregunta per quina criminologia és necessària per poder respondre a aquests crims. En concret, la tesi defensa que els crims estatal-corporatius han de ser entesos com un procés enlloc de com una suma de successos diferents aïllats. Els hem de localitzar dins d’una economia política creixentment financiaritzada i un conjunt de relacions de poder corporatiu, però també colonial i patriarcal que relega els recursos comuns i els drets socials a meres mercaderies. Els crims corporatius juguen un rol central en el procés actual d’acumulació de poder i riquesa. La corporació és la institucionalització de relacions de poder (classe, gènere i colonial) a on la despossessió i la violència tenen lloc. La corporació i l’estat que treballa amb ella, han demostrat la capacitat d’aprovar lleis en benefici seu, amenaçar governs, emprar pràctiques il·legals, negar drets i desposseir a gent a través del poder corporatiu i de la violència simbòlica. Els crims dels poderosos no poden ser estudiats fora de l’estructura social on aquests són comesos. La financiarització de l’economia ha sigut un element comú de tots els crims estudiats aquí doncs a trinxat antics drets fins a convertir-los en mercaderies que calia comprar. Per últim, la tesi reivindica que la importància de la dimensió geopolítica com a element a l’hora d’entendre els tipus de crims que succeiran a cada regió. És a dir, els règims de poder regionals configuren els crims dels poderosos que es realitzaran a cada àrea específica. Comprendre el paper jugat per cada un d’aquests elements, estat, economia i poder, segueixen sent claus per una criminologia que aspiri a ser crítica.
Programa de Doctorat Interuniversitari en Dret, Economia i Empresa

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Sánchez, Corredor Alba. "La mediación concursal en el acuerdo extrajudicial de pagos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668394.

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El present treball d’investigació té per objecte l’estudi del Acord Extrajudicial de pagaments (AEP), figura preconcursal introduïda mitjançant la Llei 14/2013, de 27 de setembre, de suport al emprenedors i la seva internacionalització, així com la institució de la mediació concursal. També es realitzarà un anàlisi de les diferents institucions preconcursals de altres països per a tindre una visió del dret comparat. Aquest treball s’emmarca en un context de crisi econòmica en la que el legislador espanyol busca, a partir de diverses reformes legislatives, promoure l’activitat empresarial mitjançant l’establiment de unes mesures que pretenen evitar la creença de potencial emprenedor des de el inici de la activitat empresarial o professional determinarà, en el supòsit de que arribi a trobar-se en una situació de crisi econòmica empresarial, una obligació eterna de pagament cap als seus acreedors sempre que hagin complert els seus deures i obligacions legalment establerts. Degut als esforços del legislador, es segueix debatent si el AEP pot complir els seus objectius, es a dir, si pot actuar com a segona oportunitat, o per el contrari, estem davant de un altre mecanisme previ per poder procedir posteriorment al concurs, i al mateix temps, la liquidació de l’activitat empresarial o professional.
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene por objeto el estudio del Acuerdo Extrajudicial de Pagos (AEP), figura preconcursal introducida mediante la Ley 14/2013, de 27 de septiembre, de apoyo a los emprendedores y su internacionalización, así como la institución de la mediación concursal. También se realizará un análisis de las distintas instituciones preconcursales de otros países para tener una visión del derecho comparado. Este trabajo se enmarca en un contexto de crisis económica en la que el legislador español busca, a partir de diversas reformas legislativas, incentivar la actividad empresarial mediante el establecimiento de unas medidas que pretenden evitar la creencia del potencial emprendedor de que el inicio de dicha actividad empresarial o profesional va a determinar, en el supuesto de que llegue a encontrarse en una situación de crisis económica empresarial, una obligación eterna de pago frente a sus acreedores si se han cumplido los deberes y obligaciones legalmente establecidas. Pese a los esfuerzos del legislador, se sigue debatiendo si el AEP puede cumplir sus objetivos perseguidos, es decir, si puede actuar como segunda oportunidad o, por el contrario, estamos ante otro mecanismo previo para proceder al posterior concurso y, a su vez, la liquidación de la actividad empresarial o profesional.
This research work is aimed at the study of the Extrajudicial Payments Agreement (AEP). This insolvency figure introduced by law 14/2013, of 27 September, supporting entrepreneurs and their internationalization, as well as the institution of the Bankruptcy mediation. An analysis of the different bankruptcy institutions of other countries will also be carried out to have a comparative law view. This work is framed in a context of economic crisis in which the Spanish legislator seeks, from various legislative reforms, to encourage business activity by establishing measures that seek to avoid the belief of potential Entrepreneurial that the beginning of this business or professional activity will determine, in the event that it comes to be in a situation of economic crisis, an eternal obligation to pay against its creditors if they have fulfilled the duties and Legally established obligations. Despite the legislator's efforts, it continues to be debated whether the AEP can fulfil its pursued objectives, that is, whether it can act as a second chance or, on the contrary, we are facing another previous mechanism to proceed to the subsequent competition and, in turn, the Liquidation of business or professional activity.

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Monza, Sabina. "Media portraits in times of crisis (2008-2014). Public views of the european union and the austerity policies in the national leading press." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669744.

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Esta tesis doctoral basada en artículos revisa el rol de la prensa nacional en el suministro de información política relacionada con la Unión Europea durante los años de crisis económica y de políticas de austeridad (2008-2014). El suministro de información política cumple una importante función en el establecimiento de un ambiente informativo general a nivel país, que afecta al proceso de formación de opinión de los ciudadanos, con independencia de su exposición mediática directa y su consumo de noticias. Sin embargo, los análisis empíricos son escasos. Sostengo que esta información es particularmente pertinente en tiempos de crisis y en relación a la Unión Europea, de quien existe de por sí poca información. El rol ejecutivo de la Unión Europea durante la crisis abrió oportunidades extraordinarias para darla a conocer; es más, para volver a conectar a los ciudadanos europeos con el proyecto de integración europea. En primer lugar, a través de ganar visibilidad en las esferas públicas nacionales, que normalmente están dominadas por actores nacionales que defienden sus intereses nacionales. En segundo lugar, mediante debates públicos abordando temas políticos y sociales que preocuparon a amplios sectores de las poblaciones nacionales. El primer capítulo presenta el marco teórico para los tres artículos empíricos siguientes, cada uno de los cuales se construye sobre el anterior. Estos analizan y comparan entre países, y a lo largo del período, la información política clave que durante la última crisis económica: (1) permitió a los ciudadanos europeos rastrear responsabilidades políticas en relación a las políticas de austeridad; (2) facilitó la comprensión de políticas complejas; y (3) incluyó a actores políticos, económicos y sociales en interacciones discursivas, en especial, a los ciudadanos europeos. El segundo capítulo (primer artículo) analiza la europeización de las esferas públicas nacionales. La visibilidad europea fue limitada durante la crisis económica, pero hubo diferencias significativas entre países. El tercer capítulo (segundo artículo) considera la esfera pública nacional como un espacio de confrontación donde los actores sociales pugnan por visibilizar y legitimar sus intereses. Los actores políticos centrales y los grupos de interés dominaron alternativamente en todos los países, avanzando temas económicos y financieros, mientras que la sociedad civil permaneció prácticamente ausente. El cuarto capítulo (tercer artículo) examina la relación entre la Unión Europea y las políticas de austeridad. No existieron referencias claras que permitieran rastrear responsabilidades políticas. El léxico económico preponderante fue demasiado técnico para poder ser fácilmente seguido por los ciudadanos. Finalmente, el quinto capítulo evalúa los resultados empíricos en función de las teorías propuestas, reflexiona sobre las inferencias y propone futuras investigaciones. En conjunto, esta tesis evidencia una oportunidad perdida para reducir la distancia informativa que existe entre la Unión Europea y sus ciudadanos, y para integrar a los ciudadanos europeos en discusiones sobre la elaboración de políticas sensibles durante la crisis económica. Los resultados tienen implicaciones empíricas y normativas en relación a la legitimidad de la Unión Europea.
This article-based doctoral thesis revisits the role of the national printed press in supplying political information related to the European Union during the years of economic crisis and austerity policy-making (2008-2014). The supply side of political information plays an important function in establishing a general information environment at the national level that affects the process of citizens’ opinion formation regardless of people’s direct exposure to media outlets and news consumption. However, empirical research is still scarce. I argue that this information is particularly relevant in times of crises and in relation to the European Union, of whom information is usually scant. The managerial role of the European Union during the economic crisis opened up extraordinary opportunities for making it known and, furthermore, for reconnecting European citizens to the project of European integration. First, through gaining visibility in the national public spheres, which are usually dominated by national political actors advancing their interests. Second, through public debates, addressing political and social issues that, at the time, profoundly concerned wide sectors of the national populations. The first chapter presents the theoretical framework for the three empirical articles that follow, each of which builds upon the preceding one. These analyze and compare cross-country and over time the key political information that during the last economic crisis: (1) enabled European citizens to track political responsibilities related to austerity policy-making; (2) facilitated the understanding of complex policy-making; and (3) included political, economic and social actors in discursive interactions, especially, European citizens. The second chapter (first article) analyzes the Europeanization of the national public spheres. European visibility was limited during the economic crisis, but there were significant differences across countries. The third chapter (second article) considers the national public sphere as an arena for contention where social actors struggle to make visible and legitimate their interests. Core political actors and interest groups alternatively dominated the media in all countries, advancing economic and financial issues, while civil society remained almost absent. The fourth chapter (third article) examines the relationship between the European Union and austerity policy-making. There were no clear references for tracking political responsibilities; economic lexicon was preponderant and too technical to be easily followed by European citizens. Finally, the fifth chapter assesses the empirical results in terms of the proposed theories, reflects about the inferences, and proposes further research. Altogether, this thesis evidences a lost opportunity for bridging the information gap between the European Union and its citizens, and for engaging European citizens in discussing sensitive policy-making during the economic crisis. The results have empirical and normative implications concerning the legitimacy of the European Union.

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Bosque, Prous Marina 1984. "Alcohol consumption in people aged 50 or older in Europe." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/523488.

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Hazardous drinking in the elderly has become an important public health problem due to the ageing of the population and the fact that alcohol-related consequences are magnified in this age group. However, to date, few studies examine hazardous drinking in people aged 50 years or older and the factors associated with alcohol use. The aim of this thesis is to quantify hazardous drinking in people aged 50 years or older in Europe, according to gender and country, and to analyze the possible individual and contextual factors related to such consumption. Throughout the thesis, the source of information was the European project SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe), which includes data from different European countries. This thesis consists of five articles that attempt to respond to the different specific objectives. The results suggest that the prevalence of hazardous drinking in people aged 50 years or older is around 22%, with variations between countries. These variations can be explained by individual factors, such as age or gender, and various contextual factors, such as alcohol advertising restrictions and the unemployment rate. Finally, one of the contextual aspects that may have had more impact in recent years is the economic crisis. We found that, in people aged 50 to 64 years, the incidence of hazardous drinking was greater in those who lost their jobs. However, from 2006 to 2013 there has been a decrease in hazardous drinking and also in the average amount of alcohol consumed in people aged 50 to 64 years in Europe.
El consum de risc d'alcohol en la gent gran s'ha convertit en un important problema de salut pública degut a l’envelliment de la població i al fet que les conseqüències adverses del consum es magnifiquen en aquest grup d'edat. No obstant això, són pocs els estudis que analitzen el consum de risc d'alcohol en persones majors de 50 anys i els factors que s'associen al consum de risc. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és quantificar el consum de risc d'alcohol en persones de 50 anys o més a Europa segons gènere i país i analitzar els possibles factors individuals i contextuals relacionats amb aquest consum. Per tota la tesi, la font d'informació van ser les enquestes del projecte europeu SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe), amb dades de diferents països d’Europa. La tesi consisteix en 5 articles que intenten respondre als diferents objectius específics. Els resultats suggereixen que la prevalença de consum de risc d'alcohol en les persones de 50 anys o més està al voltant del 22%, amb variacions entre països, que poden explicar-se per factors individuals, com el sexe o l’edat, i per diversos factors contextuals, com les restriccions en la publicitat de les begudes alcohòliques o la taxa d'atur. Finalment, un dels aspectes contextuals que pot haver tingut més impacte en els darrers anys és la crisi econòmica. El que hem vist és que en persones de 50 a 64 anys la incidència de consum de risc d’alcohol era major en aquells que havien perdut la feina. Tanmateix, durant el període de 2006 a 2013 s’ha produït una davallada en el consum de risc d’alcohol i en la mitjana de la quantitat consumida en persones de 50 a 64 anys a Europa.

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Souza, Leonardo Flauzino de 1985. "A crise financeira de 2008 = uma interpretação teórica heterodoxa." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286126.

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Orientador: Antonio Carlos Macedo e Silva
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: A crise econômica de 2008 pode ser analisada pelo arcabouço das teorias keynesianas, em especial a partir das interpretações em torno da teoria da preferência pela liquidez. Esta foi elaborada primeiramente na Teoria Geral de Keynes, mas alcançou interpretações muito diversas nas obras de Kaldor, Hicks, Davidson e Minsky. As idéias expostas por estes autores são capazes de fornecer algumas explicações sobre as escolhas de ativos, em especial os relacionados aos mercados financeiros, e analisar os impactos dinâmicos das decisões de financiamento e alocação do capital. Entretanto, algumas inovações financeiras, como a securitização e os derivativos, que tiveram uma participação fundamental na constituição da crise, não são, de forma geral, exploradas por estes autores. Desta forma, o presente trabalho se propõe a explorar a teoria e as interpretações supracitadas, a fim de construir uma analise teórica da crise de 2008, abarcando as contribuições das inovações financeiras mencionadas. O contexto histórico em torno da crise de 2008, analisado pelo viés teórico keynesiano, é capaz de explicar como esta tomou a forma de uma das mais severas crises da história do capitalismo contemporâneo. Ao se iniciar como uma crise de crédito convencional e aos poucos tomar a forma de uma crise de liquidez e solvência, destaca-se o papel crucial da securitização de créditos e dos derivativos financeiros neste processo, alterando as escolhas de portfólio, as decisões de financiamento e a dinâmica das interações entre os balanços das diversas instituições financeiras da economia norte-americana e mundial
Abstract: The 2008 economic crisis can be analyzed by the framework of post-Keynesian theories, especially the interpretations around the liquidity preference theory. This one was first presented in Keynes' General Theory, but it reached very different interpretations in the work of Kaldor, Hicks, Davidson and Minsky. The ideas put forward by these authors can provide some explanations about the asset choices, particularly those related to financial markets, and analyze the dynamic impact of finance decisions and capital allocation. However, some financial innovations, such as securitization and derivatives, which had a seminal role in the constitution of the crisis, are not generally exploited by these authors. Thus, this study aims to explore the theory and the interpretations above, in order to build a theoretical analysis of the 2008 economic crisis, covering the contributions of the financial innovations mentioned. The historical context surrounding the 2008 economic crisis, analyzed by the bias of Keynesian theory, is able to explain how that took the form of one of the most severe crises in the history of contemporary capitalism. When it start as a conventional credit crisis and gradually take the form of a crisis of liquidity and solvency, it highlight the crucial role of securitization of loans and financial derivatives in this process, changing the portfolio choices, funding decisions and the dynamics of interactions between the balance sheets of many financial institutions in the U.S. economy and the world
Mestrado
Ciências Economicas
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

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21

Brambilla, Emanuele. "THE QUEST FOR ARGUMENTATIVE EQUIVALENCE.An Interpreting-oriented Argument Analysis of Political Source Texts on the Economic Crisis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/10985.

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2013/2014
L’interpretazione ha spesso luogo in situazioni argomentative, vale a dire eventi comunicativi miranti alla “soluzione” di una divergenza di opinioni in merito a una specifica questione. Nel tentativo di difendere o delegittimare determinate posizioni, gli oratori fanno solitamente ricorso a tecniche argomentative che determinano la forza pragmatica del discorso. In questo senso, l’argomentazione è essenzialmente relativa, poiché dipende da convenzioni culturali, vincoli contestuali e fattori soggettivi. La relatività delle tecniche argomentative complica il compito interpretativo, soprattutto considerando che, nelle situazioni argomentative, la qualità dell’interpretazione è determinata dall’abilità dell’interprete di trasmettere lo scopo argomentativo del testo di partenza. L’equivalenza passa, cioè, per il rispetto delle convinzioni dell’oratore, senza il quale l’interpretazione è destinata a produrre un testo non equivalente all’originale a livello pragmatico. Guidato anche dall’intenzione di sopperire, seppur in misura minima, alla scarsa considerazione che le teorie dell’argomentazione godono nella ricerca in interpretazione, il presente progetto di ricerca circoscrive lo studio delle situazioni argomentative all’analisi dell’argomentazione in ambito politico, perseguendo due obiettivi principali: la definizione di una metodologia appropriata per l’analisi descrittiva dell’argomentazione nei testi di partenza e la valutazione empirica della relatività delle tecniche argomentative, mirante alla formulazione di indicazioni per l’interpretazione di discorsi politici. Lo studio si basa su un corpus comparabile multilingue denominato ARGO. Il corpus contiene trecentotredici discorsi politici sull’attuale crisi economico-finanziaria, pronunciati da Barack Obama, David Cameron, Nicolas Sarkozy e François Hollande. L’analisi di ARGO è mirata all’individuazione e alla descrizione di schemi argomentativi, “ragionamenti” stereotipati che vengono spesso usati in ambito politico per legittimare o screditare determinate posizioni. Alla luce della natura relativa dell’argomentazione, la presenza di schemi argomentativi estremamente eterogenei è stata ipotizzata sin dall’inizio del progetto. I risultati dell’analisi contrastiva confermano l’ipotesi iniziale, poiché Obama, Cameron, Sarkozy e Hollande fanno ricorso a diversi schemi argomentativi che richiedono l’utilizzo di diverse strategie interpretative a seconda dell’oratore in questione, del destinatario del discorso e del contesto in cui il discorso viene pronunciato. I risultati trovano pertanto utile applicazione in ambito didattico, poiché, insieme ad ARGO, forniscono materiale e indicazioni teoriche per sensibilizzare gli studenti a concetti argomentativi pertinenti all’interpretazione nella prospettiva di un graduale sviluppo della competenza argomentativa, intesa come l’abilità di anticipare le argomentazioni degli oratori. In maniera più generale, i risultati confermano la natura relativamente prevedibile dei discorsi politici; di conseguenza, avvalorano le implicazioni positive dell’analisi argomentativa dei testi di partenza in ambito interpretativo, il cui utilizzo sistematico è destinato a fornire risultati sempre più consistenti, affidabili e utili per promuovere la ricerca dell’equivalenza argomentativa nei testi interpretati.
Interpreting activity is frequently performed in argumentative situations, i.e. communicative events whose purpose is the discursive “solution” of a conflict between different standpoints regarding one specific question. In their attempts at defending and attacking standpoints, speakers generally resort to argumentative techniques which determine the pragmatic force of speeches. In this respect, argumentation is essentially relative, as it depends on cultural conventions, contextual constraints and subjective factors. The relativity of argumentation compounds the interpreting task, as the quality of the interpreter’s performance within argumentative situations is determined by his/her ability to convey the argumentative purpose of the source text by reproducing the speaker’s convictions. Failure to do so is bound to lead to the production of pragmatically inequivalent interpreted texts. Guided also by the intention partially to cater for the marked neglect of argumentation theories in interpreting research, the present research project focuses on political argumentation and pursues two main objectives: streamlining a suitable analytical methodology for the descriptive study of source-text argumentation in interpreting research and empirically assessing the relative nature of argumentation techniques with a view to providing suggestions for the interpretation of political speeches. The study is based on a multilingual comparable corpus named ARGO. It is composed of three hundred and thirteen political speeches on the current financial and economic crisis, delivered by Barack Obama, David Cameron, Nicolas Sarkozy and François Hollande. The analysis focuses on the identification and description of content-related argumentation schemes, i.e. stereotypical patterns of reasoning recurrently exploited by politicians to legitimise or delegitimise given courses of action. In the light of the relative nature of argumentation, the presence in the corpus of significantly different argumentation schemes was hypothesised at the outset. The findings of the contrastive analysis corroborate the initial hypothesis, as Obama, Cameron, Sarkozy and Hollande generally resort to extremely different argument schemes, which call for the adoption of specific interpreting strategies according to the speaker in question, the communicative context of speech delivery and the relevant audience. The results, thus, find useful application in interpreter training, in that, together with ARGO, they provide material and theoretical indications to sensitise students to relevant argumentation concepts with a view gradually to enhance their argumentative competence, understood as the ability to anticipate speakers’ arguments. More broadly, the results shed light on the predictability of political speeches and, consequently, foster the systematic adoption of argumentation analysis as a source-text research methodology, which could yield increasingly substantial findings paving the way for argumentative equivalence in interpreted argumentative situations.
XXVII Ciclo
1985

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Machado, Joana Emanuela Almeida. "Crise Económica: o caso islandês. Evidências de uma crise interna anunciada." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/44689.

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23

Machado, Joana Emanuela Almeida. "Crise Económica: o caso islandês. Evidências de uma crise interna anunciada." Dissertação, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/44689.

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24

Henrique, Christian Guglielmetti 1985. "O último suspiro do neo-racionalismo : o neocontratualismo de Habermas como a via para o irraionalismo." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/282073.

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Orientador: Jesus José Ranieri
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: O presente trabalho centra-se em três pontos nodais. Em primeiro lugar, busca sinalizar os elementos mais gerais que caracterizam a crise estrutural do capital juntamente com o emblema da ?pós-modernidade', que emerge já em fins da década de 60 e início da década de 70 do século XX - adentrando o século XXI. A partir desse quadro histórico, e aqui penetramos no segundo ponto, visualiza-se situar a contribuição que a teoria social do filósofo alemão Jürgen Habermas dá para o debate contemporâneo acerca da questão do projeto da modernidade - a emancipação humana. Isso nos obriga a demonstrar como se movimenta sua crítica ao discurso filosófico da modernidade. Como ponto de confluência indissociável dos dois anteriores, o terceiro momento deste trabalho procura relacionar criticamente esta teoria social com o contexto histórico da crise estrutural do capital. Em outras palavras, busca-se tencionar o seu constructo filosófico-social como uma teoria da crítica emancipatória no contexto de crise estrutural do capital
Abstract: This work focus on three main points. First of all, it seeks to point the most relevant elements that characterize the structural crisis of capital along with the emblem of 'postmodernity', which emerges in the late 60th and early 70s of the 20th century - entering the 21st century. From this historical framework, here we enter the second point, our goal is to situate the contribution that social theory of the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas gives to the contemporary debate on the issue of modernity - human emancipation. This requires us to demonstrate how moves his criticism of the philosophical discourse of modernity. As a point of indissociable confluence from the two previous, the third point, seeks to critically relate this social theory with the historical context of structural crisis of capital
Mestrado
Sociologia
Mestre em Sociologia

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25

Almeida, Rodrigo Bonecini de 1987. "Liberalização, crise e rearranjo macroeconômico da ASEAN-4 e da Coréia do Sul." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286082.

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Orientador: André Martins Biancareli
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: A partir dos anos 1980 medidas de liberalização da economia foram amplamente disseminadas para os países periféricos, principalmente pelas instituições multilaterais de Bretton Woods. Desde então os países da periferia não adotaram de maneira homogênea este conjunto de reformas econômicas e reorientações de políticas econômicas. Num primeiro momento a dissertação enfatiza como Filipinas, Tailândia, Malásia, Indonésia (Asean-4) e Coréia do Sul seguiram alguns dos preceitos de liberalização econômica, dentre as quais se sobressaíram à abertura das contas financeiras do balanço de pagamentos e a desregulação de diversos mercados domésticos, inclusive o financeiro. Em seguida, aponta-se como a execução destas e de outras medidas tiveram como consequência o surgimento da crise asiática na segunda metade da década de 1990, interrompendo por alguns anos o processo de desenvolvimento dos países afetados. Na década subsequente não ocorreu semelhante episódio. Parte-se da hipótese de que a estes países, para evitarem novas crises e manterem suas economias em trajetórias sustentáveis de desenvolvimento, reviram de forma exitosa suas políticas macroeconômicas no início do século XXI, adequando-as a um contexto de integração produtiva regional na Ásia e de expansão internacional da demanda agregada. Nesse sentido, o objetivo da dissertação é compreender como, neste contexto regional e internacional, a desvalorização do câmbio e sua estabilização por meio de intervenção governamental via acumulação de reservas, taxas de juros cadentes e maior ativação da política fiscal destes países na pós-crise permitiram menor instabilidade em meio a uma trajetória de forte crescimento
Abstract: Liberalization measures were widely spread in the periphery of capitalism throughout the 1980s and 1990s, especially by the World Bank and the IMF. Since then, many countries have adopted those propelled economic reforms and economic policy reorientation. Although with national nuances, the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia (Asean-4) and South Korea have followed some of the economic liberalization prescriptions. In which stands out the opening of capital accounts of the balance of payments and the deregulation of many domestic markets, including the financial markets. The application of these and other measures have brought, as consequence, the rise of the Asian crisis in the second half of the 1990s, curtailing in some years the economic development of affected countries. The hypothesis sustained is that these countries, in order to avoid new crises and keep their economies in a path of sustainable development, revised their macroeconomic policies in the wake of the XXI century. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation is to understand how post-crisis exchange rate depreciation and stabilization - brought about by government intervention in exchange markets via reserve accumulation -, falling interest rates and active fiscal policy in these countries helped lessen economic instability, without the threat of a crisis like the one started in 1997
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento Econômico
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

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26

Souza, Luiz Eduardo Simões de. "A arquitetura de uma crise: história e política econômica na Argentina, 1989-2002." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-15092008-095927/.

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Esta tese estuda os fundamentos da crise econômica argentina, irrompida em 2001. A Argentina, no contexto latino-americano, de acordo com a literatura históricoeconômica, apresenta uma \"regressão econômica secular\"; processo esse que se intensificou desde parte da década de 1970, quando o país viveu sob uma Ditadura militar. Em meados da década seguinte, sob uma crise econômica aguda, com hiperinflação, e frente a uma das maiores dívidas externas do mundo, os governos argentinos democráticos tentariam algumas iniciativas de estabilização dos preços, as quais resultariam no Plano de Convertibilidade, em 1991. Nessa ocasião, o país adotou a paridade cambial de sua moeda, em identidade com o dólar estadunidense. A Argentina apresentaria fortes taxas de crescimento do PIB nos primeiros anos do Plano, enquanto privatizava suas empresas públicas, desregulava seu mercado de trabalho e abria sua economia incondicionalmente ao capital externo. O FMI e o Banco Mundial incentivaram abertamente o Plano de Convertibilidade e as medidas de política econômica da Argentina, apresentando-a como exemplo aos demais países por uma década. Em 2001, como resultado das políticas adotadas, a Argentina sofreu uma crise econômica ainda mais intensa do que as anteriores, com uma retração acumulada de mais de 16% do PIB em um intervalo de um ano, com corrida bancária e crise social. De exemplo de política econômica do FMI, a Argentina passou à moratória de sua dívida externa, que cresceu exponencialmente durante o período. A crise argentina seria o produto da conjunção de três processos histórico-econômicos, dados entre o Pós-guerra e o final do século XX, a saber: (I) a falência do modelo de desenvolvimento autônomo a partir da substituição de importações, pelo impacto de políticas econômicas contrárias aos interesses nacionais argentinos, desde a imposição da Ditadura Militar de 1976 - 1983; (II) o atrelamento da política econômica argentina ao chamado \"Consenso de Washington\" ao longo da década de 1980, culminando com o governo Menem, de orientação neoliberal; e (III) uma crise do capitalismo ocorrida no final da década de 1990, cujos impactos se fizeram sentir de maneira mais intensa naqueles países subdesenvolvidos, que empreenderam políticas ultra-liberalizantes em âmbito interno. A desarticulação das estratégias de crescimento autônomo, a abertura desmedida ao capital internacional e a renúncia à utilização de instrumentos de política econômica, da parte de sucessivos governos argentinos, sempre sob a aprovação do Fundo Monetário Internacional, teriam como resultado o referido colapso da Argentina, em 2001.
This thesis studies the foundations of the 2001 economic crisis in Argentina. In the Latin America economic context, and in economic history literature, Argentina is shown as an \"secular regression\" case. This process was enhanced during the Military period (1976 - 1982). During the 1980\'s, under an economic crisis, with a high inflationary process, and presenting one of the highest external debts of the world, the Argentine government tried some stabilization plans. The most important one it was the Convertibility Plan, in 1991. Then Argentina adopted the currency board exchange system, which considered by means of law as an equality of one peso to one U.S. dollar. Argentina would have strong economic growth rates in the first years of the Plan, as her government made the privatization of her public enterprises, promoted the liberalization of her labor market, and opened unconditionally her economy to the foreign capital. The IMF and the World Bank had widely supported the Convertibility Plan and Argentina\'s economic policies, showing the country as an example of good economic policies for over a decade. In 2001, as a result of that economic policies, Argentina entered on a huge economic crisis, with a retraction of more than 16% of her GDP in a single year. The financial system collapsed. The unemployment and the poverty of many deranged on social chaos. From \"first class IMF\'s student\" Argentina went on to the default of her debt with the Fund. This argentine 2001 crisis was the result of the sum of three economic historical processes: (I) the bankruptcy of the imports-substitution development model, as a result of anti-national economic policies applied in Argentina since the last Military period (1976-1983); (II) the submission of Argentina\'s economic policies to the Washington Consensus during the 1980\'s and 1990\'s; and (III) a crisis of capitalism which occurred on the end of the XXth century, whose effects were the most intense on the underdeveloped countries which applied the Washington Consensus policies. The elimination of independent economic development strategies, the excessive liberalization, and the abandonment of sovereign economic policies by successive Argentine governments, always under the support of the International Monetary Fund, had, as a result, the economic collapse of Argentina in 2001.

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27

Antunes, Jadir. "Da possibilidade a realidade : o desenvolvimento dialetico das crises em O Capital de Karl Marx." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280375.

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Orientador: Hector Benoit
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: o conceito de crise é inseparável do conceito de capital e o desenvolvimento deste último desenvolve simultaneamenteo conceito do primeiro.Nosso trabalho pretende mostrar como o conceito de crise do capital pode ser encontrado em O Capital de Marx simultaneamente ao conceito de capital. É possível encontrar uma teoria coerente de Marx sobre as crises em O Capital, uma teoria dialética que parta da análise das possibilidades mais gerais e abstratas da crise até sua conversão em realidade, acompanhando o processo de exposição global do conceito de capital no conjunto dos três livros que compõem esta obra. Este movimento que vai da possibilidade formal e abstrata da crise até sua realidade concreta é o mesmo movimento que inicia com a análise da mercadoria e do dinheiro no Livro Primeiro até a análise das categorias mais determinadase concretas como lucro e taxa de lucro do Livro Terceiro
Abstract: The concept of crisis is inseparable from the concept of capital and the development of the latter develops simultaneously the concept of the first. Our work purports to show how the concept of crisis of capital can be viewed simultaneously with the concept of capital in Marx's The Capital. It is possible to find a coherent theory in Marx about the crises in The Capital, a dialectical theory beginning fromthe analysis of the more abstract and general possibilities of crisis up to its convertion into reality, following the process of global exposition of the concept of capital in the whole of the three books of that work. The movement which comes from the formal and abstract possibility of crisis up to its concrete reality is the same movement which begins with both the commodities and the money analysis in the First Book and ends with the analysis of the more determined and concrete categories like profit and profit rate in the Third Book
Doutorado
Doutor em Filosofia

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28

Ladpli, Pimpen. "Economic policy and development in south-east Asian economies." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390602.

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29

Palludeto, Alex Wilhans Antonio 1986. "Crise e capitalismo contemporâneo : uma revisão das interpretações marxistas da grande recessão (2007-2009)." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285914.

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Orientador: Nelson Prado Alves Pinto
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo é o de revisar as principais interpretações de inspiração marxista da Grande Recessão (2007-2009) e identificar as linhas centrais do debate que se trava em torno das suas origens e características fundamentais. Não tive, naturalmente, a pretensão de realizar um exame exaustivo da crescente literatura sobre o tema. Optei, ao invés disso, por selecionar aqueles estudos que me pareceram representativos das correntes teóricas mais importantes no interior do marxismo contemporâneo e, a partir disso, avaliar as suas respectivas posições no que diz respeito à crise recente. A fim de cumprir o objetivo proposto, o capítulo primeiro estabelece os principais conceitos e a metodologia de trabalho empregados ao longo deste estudo. Apresenta-se uma definição de crise, a distinção entre causa última e causa imediata e, por fim, o corte adotado para a organização da literatura. Foi possível demonstrar, desse modo, a existência de duas grandes abordagens no universo teórico marxista no que se refere aos determinantes últimos da crise recente: A - de um lado, aqueles que atribuem a turbulência à dinâmica de uma fase particular do capitalismo, à forma política/econômica/institucional específica assumida pelo sistema capitalista ao longo das últimas décadas, em suma, ao que se convencionou denominar, em diversos trabalhos, neoliberalismo; B - de outro, aqueles que veem a crise recente como uma manifestação própria da dinâmica capitalista em geral - e não do modo particular que esta supostamente apresenta. No primeiro grupo, Dúmenil, Lévy, Saad-Filho e Kotz, cujos trabalhos foram examinados no capítulo segundo, estão entre seus principais expoentes. Conforme se pôde observar, o argumento daqueles que defendem essa perspectiva centra-se, principalmente, na relação de poder entre as classes que compõem o capitalismo, sobretudo a capitalista e a trabalhadora, e no reflexo da configuração institucional formada a partir desta sobre a economia, particularmente sobre o comportamento do setor financeiro e a distribuição de renda. Por outro lado, segundo as análises empreendidas pelos integrantes do segundo grupo, do qual os adeptos da chamada Interpretação do Sistema Único Temporal da teoria do valor de Marx são os principais representantes, a argumentação baseia-se, sobretudo, no movimento traçado pela taxa de lucro e a acumulação de capital. Segundo demonstra o capítulo terceiro, o declínio da taxa de lucro em virtude da elevação da composição orgânica do capital é a hipótese básica para a explicação da Grande Recessão nessa abordagem
Abstract: The aim of this study is to review the main marxist interpretations of the Great Recession (2007-2009) and identify the main lines of the debate on its origins and fundamental characteristics. I did not intend to do a thorough examination of the growing literature on the subject. I opted, instead, to select those studies that seemed representative of the most important theoretical approaches in the contemporary marxism and then evaluate their respective positions with regard to the recent crisis. In order to achieve the proposed objective, the first chapter sets out the key concepts and methodology used throughout this study. It presents a definition of crisis, the distinction between the ultimate and immediate cause and, finally, the approach adopted to organize the literature. It was possible to demonstrate thereby the presence of two major approaches in the theoretical marxist universe with regard to determining the recent crisis: A - on the one hand, those who attribute the turbulence to the dynamics of a particular phase of capitalism, the specific political/economic/institutional form assumed by the capitalist system over the past decades; in short, to what may be called neoliberalism; B - on the other, those who see the recent crisis as a manifestation of general capitalist dynamics itself - and not the particular form that supposedly assume. In the first group, Dumenil, Levy, Saad-Filho and Kotz, whose works are examined in chapter II, are among its main exponents. As seen above, the argument of those who advocate this perspective focuses mainly on the power relationship between classes that constitute capitalism, especially the capitalist and worker, and the reflection of the institutional setting from that upon the economy, particularly on the behavior of the financial sector and income distribution. By contrast, according to the analyzes undertaken by members of the second group, which the supporters of the so-called Temporal Single System Interpretation of Marx's value theory are the main representatives, the argument is based mainly on the movement of the rate of profit and capital accumulation. As the third chapter demonstrates, the declining rate of profit because of the increasing organic composition of capital is the basic hypothesis to explain the Great Recession in this approach
Mestrado
Ciências Economicas
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

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30

Hatto, Bruno 1984. "A crise japonesa dos anos 1990 à luz da hipótese da instabilidade financeira de Hyman Minsky." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286430.

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Orientadores: Daniela Magalhães Prates, Rogério Pereira de Andrade
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: A crise econômica que atingiu o Japão durante os anos 1990 interrompeu uma trajetória de quarenta anos de forte crescimento, que conduziu o país de um cenário destruído pela guerra à posição de segunda maior economia do mundo nos anos 1960. O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar os determinantes e consequências dessa crise, utilizando-se como referencial teórico a Hipótese da Instabilidade Financeira desenvolvida por Hyman Minsky. Procura-se argumentar que a forma de atuação dos principais agentes econômicos japoneses (empresas, bancos e famílias) após as mudanças verificadas nos contextos doméstico e externo nos anos 1970 e 1980, cuja interação culminou na crise, pode ser compreendida a partir da teoria minskyana, embora sejam necessárias algumas adaptações para sua aplicação a este caso específico Os argumentos estão organizados da seguinte forma. No primeiro capítulo, apresenta-se a perspectiva teórica utilizada, com base na contribuição original de Minsky e nas análises dessa contribuição realizadas por outros autores pós-keynesianos. No segundo capítulo, descreve-se as principais características do arranjo institucional liderado pelo Estado japonês para estimular o investimento e recuperar a economia do país após a segunda guerra mundial, implantado entre 1950 e o primeiro choque do petróleo em 1973. No terceiro capítulo, analisa-se a desestruturação desse arranjo durante os anos 1970 e 1980, mostrando seus reflexos sobre o comportamento dos agentes e o processo de formação da bolha especulativa no final da década de 1980. Apresenta-se ainda os impactos da desaceleração dos preços dos principais ativos no desempenho da economia japonesa ao longo dos anos 1990, bem como as medidas implementadas pelas autoridades econômicas com o intuito de estimular sua recuperação
Abstract: The economic crisis that stroke Japan during the 1990s broke the growth trajectory that had started forty years earlier and transformed a country destroyed by the Second World War into the second biggest economy in the planet in the 1960s. This paper analyses the causes and consequences of this crisis, using Hyman Minsky's Financial Instability Hypothesis. It argues that the behavior of the main economic agents (enterprises, banks and families) after the changes in the world and domestic economies occurred in the 1970s and 1980s, whose interaction led to the crisis, can be understood under the Minskyan theory, with a few adaptations to this specific case. The paper is separated into three chapters: in the first chapter, it presents the main aspects of Minsky's theory used in the analysis with the contributions of other post-Keynesian authors. In the second chapter, it describes the institutional arrangement commanded by the Japan State that stimulated the economy's recovery between the 1950s and the first oil shock in 1973. In the third chapter, it analyzes how this arrangement was broken during the 1970s and the 1980s, showing the reflexes of this process in the agents' behavior and the formation of the economic bubble in the end of the decade. It also presents the impacts of the deceleration of the asset's prices in the Japanese economy in the 1990s and the actions taken by the economic authorities looking to stimulate the recovery
Mestrado
Teoria Economica
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

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31

Sangoi, Rafael. "Dívida Pública e Crescimento Econômico: Testes da Hipótese de Reinhart e Rogoff." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9403.

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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo testar a hipótese levantada por Reinhart e Rogoff acerca da relação entre dívida pública e crescimento econômico. Para isso utilizamos um modelo empírico baseado no modelo teórico de crescimento neoclássico acrescido de algumas variáveis econômicas comprovadamente relevantes, utilizando dados em painel numa amostra com 86 países no período de 1983 até 2013. Encontramos evidências que confirmam em parte a hipótese levantada por Reinhart e Rogoff, isto é, a dívida pública apresentou uma relação negativa com o crescimento econômico, no entanto não fomos capazes de encontrar um threshold onde a magnitude de tal efeito fosse aumentada.

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32

Giwa, Titilola Opeyemi. "Optimal investment strategy for economies in crisis." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268801.

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The aim of this work is to determine the best response of investment to shocks and crisis situations. The problems that arise during crises vary depending on each country's peculiarities. However, there are some things that are common in almost all situations. In very many cases, we find that from the household level where children are pulled out of school and put to work to support family income to the government decision on education funding, one thing is common - investment tends to be cut. In standard optimal growth models consumption and investment generally turn out to be a fixed fraction of output. When a crisis occurs, this fixed fraction of a lower output means a lower level of investment. In an optimal growth framework with Cobb-Douglas production function and logarithmic utility function, I present a model that adds a feature called 'the gap' that describe the domestic situation. Developing countries are often plagued by sociopolitical and economic factors that constrain their productivity and/or capacity utilisation. When weakened in this way, an exogenous shock that causes a loss of capital could have devastating effects. In such a situation depreciation could conceivable exceed its natural rate and it is this difference between the actual rate experienced and the natural rate that I call 'the gap'. I argue that when 'the gap' exists, there are additional benefits to be reaped from investment. The model I present demonstrates that under certain conditions, rather than investing a fixed fraction, the rate of investment should actually increase such that investment is maintained at itspre-crisis level. This is opti~al and desirable because in the long run, the welfare path of economies that follow this strategy is superior. This result is empirically tested using a simple regression model. First, I determine the investment strategy followed by a sample of countries worst hit by the debt crisis of the mid-eighties, then I examine the income and consumption paths. The results show that the majority of the sample countries followed the implied optimal strategy, and these countries followed a superior income and welfare path in the post-crisis years. This result therefore lends support to the model presented, and also raises an important question. Why is it that countries that followed the optimal path only seem to be marginally better off than those that did not? To answer this question, I examine the issue of financing the investment decision. For many countries in crisis, the availability of credit was a crucial factor. Many faced the dilemma of needing funds, yet being unable to attract it because creditors considered them too risky. In an extended version of the basic model, I show that more debt was not optimal for funding the investment choice. Although following the optimal path would result in higher output, as long as funding was through debt, consumption and welfare would only be marginally better because of the future burden of debt service. On the other hand, selffinancing would require severe cuts in consumption that may not be justifiable in terms of long run gains. The solution - aid and financial support for export oriented adjustment programs should be given by international financial organisations to countries that choose to follow the optimal investment strategy. This would preserve and improve the qualityof such organisations' investment, and ensure an even better welfare path for debtor countries in the long run

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Pinto, André Tiago Ferreira. "Incentivos não monetários - uma alternativa de compensação em tempos de crise?" Master's thesis, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/56475.

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Pinto, André Tiago Ferreira. "Incentivos não monetários - uma alternativa de compensação em tempos de crise?" Dissertação, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/56475.

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35

Wynarczyk, Peter. "Economic crisis and the crisis in economics : internal and external historical aspects of the development of monetary thought in the interwar period - a methodological appraisal." Thesis, University of Kent, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236929.

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36

Villar, Frexedas Óscar. "Crisis and financial contagion: new evidences and new methodological approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393933.

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Thesis consists of three empirical studies focusing on financial crisis, which base on different definitions of financial contagion definitions and use of methodological approaches. The first chapter defines contagion focusing on the channels of transmission of the crisis and uses the implementation of spatial econometrics as a mechanism for assessing contagion. Unlike the other methodologies used, spatial econometrics allows for an expression of the transmission mechanisms of crisis under explicit dynamic-spatial assumptions. The second and third chapters consider the definition of “shift-contagion”, a definition that is extremely useful to measure and test contagion. The second chapter follows a strategy based on the specification of an approximate factor model and assesses the presence of “shift-contagion” considering the presence of structural breaks in the variance of the common factors. The third chapter analyses the presence of “shift-contagion” using a new integration procedure that is robust to the main econometric problems of the financial time series, i.e., the lack of accounting for heteroscedastic variance.
La tesis consiste en tres estudios empíricos que enfocan la crisis financiera, que se basan en las definiciones diferentes de definiciones de contagio financieras y empleo de accesos metodológicos. El primer capítulo define el contagio que enfoca los canales de transmisión de la crisis y usa la puesta en práctica de econometría espacial como un mecanismo para evaluar el contagio. A diferencia de otras metodologías la econometría usada, espacial permite para una expresión de los mecanismos de transmisión de crisis bajo suposiciones explícitas dinámicas espaciales. Los segundos y terceros capítulos consideran la definición "de shift-contagion", una definición que es sumamente útil para medir y probar el contagio. El segundo capítulo sigue una estrategia basada en la especificación de un factor aproximado modela y evalúa la presencia "de shift-contagion" que considera la presencia de roturas estructurales en la discrepancia de los factores comunes. El tercer capítulo analiza la presencia "de shift-contagion" que usa un nuevo procedimiento integrador que es robusto a los problemas principales econométricos de la serie de tiempo financiera, p. ej., la falta de contabilidad para la discrepancia heteroscedástica.

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Meireles, Guilherme Camara. "Brasil e Argentina: estratégias econômicas na década de 1990 e as consequências observadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/84/84131/tde-10122018-140204/.

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Este trabalho visa analisar as estratégias neoliberais adotadas por Brasil e Argentina na década de 1990 além das crises econômicas e sociais que ambos atravessaram na virada para o século XXI. A ideia é reconstruir a lógica econômica que buscou o controle da inflação oriunda da década anterior nos dois países e mostrar como isso se relaciona com as crises em questão. As políticas neoliberais entraram no Brasil com Fernando Collor em 1990 e foram continuadas por Itamar Franco e Fernando Henrique Cardoso, enquanto na Argentina sua aplicação data da ditadura militar instaurada em 1976, mas foi aprofundada a partir de 1989 com a eleição de Carlos Menem e dez anos depois com Fernando de la Rúa. Para reduzir os índices de inflação e viabilizar os planos econômicos aplicados, os dois países abriram suas economias, enxugaram a máquina pública e desregulamentaram seus mercados, conforme recomendado pelo Consenso de Washington. O resultado foi um processo de valorização cambial violenta que permitiu o aumento desenfreado das importações em detrimento das exportações, levando ao fechamento de diversas empresas nacionais que não poderiam competir com produtos estrangeiros, além do aumento do desemprego. A entrada de investimentos externos, muitas vezes na compra de estatais, também caracterizou o período, mas em pouco contribuiu para o desenvolvimento dos dois países que assistiram a um quadro de deterioração social e econômica ao longo da década em questão.
The aim of this work is to analyze the neoliberal strategies adopted by Brazil and Argen-tina in the 1990s as well as the economic and social crises both countries suffered in the turn of the 21th century. The purpose of the research is to explain the economic log-ic behind the attempt to control the inflation that had risen along the previous decade in the two countries, and to show how this issue relates to the crises in question. Neoliber-al policies were first adopted in Brazil by former president Fernando Collor, in 1990, and continued to be adopted by former- presidents Itamar Franco and Fernando Henrique Cardoso. In Argentina, neoliberal policies date from the military dictatorship in the year 1976, being further implemented by former president Carlos Menem (1989) who ruled for ten years, followed by Fernando de la Rúa, who pursued the same policy. In order to reduce inflation rates and make the economic plan work, both countries adopted an open economy, reduced public spending and deregulated their markets, following the principles set forth by the Washington Consensus. The result was a substantial increase in exchange rates that gave rise to an uncontrolled increase in imports, to the detriment of exports, leading to the closing of several national companies, that could not compete with foreign products, followed by a rise in unemployment. Inward foreign investment, often related to the privatization of state enterprises, was also a practice in this period, but it contributed little to the development of the two countries, that were faced with so-cial and economic deterioration throughout the decade in question.

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Castronuovo, Andrea Filippo. "Crisi economica e principio di legalità." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1512.

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I principi del diritto amministrativo, nell'attuale contesto storico-economico, segnato dalla crisi economica mondiale, lungi dal connotarsi in termini di immutabilità, vivono una fase di ridefinizione. Ciò è particolarmente vero nel caso del principio di legalità. Esigenze finanziarie e di conservazione di un'impostazione "sostanziale", oggi si contrappongono, con una tendenziale prevalenza, anche in seno al diritto vivente, delle prime sulle seconde: una sorta di "legalità dell'emergenza economica" e - sul piano della forma di Stato - uno "Stato a prestazioni minime".

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39

Bibaj, Egi <1988&gt. "La crisi economica e finanziaria greca." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2336.

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Dal luglio 2007 il mondo si trova ad affrontare la crisi finanziaria più grave e più dirompente dal 1929. Scoppiata inizialmente negli Stati Uniti la crisi si è estesa a tutto il mondo, approfondendosi ed aggravandosi. Si è dimostrata altamente contagiosa e complessa, propagandosi rapidamente a vari segmenti di mercato e a vari paesi. I governi e le banche centrali in tutto il mondo hanno adottato diversi provvedimenti per cerare di migliorare la situazione economica e ridurre i pericoli sistematici. Nel primo capitolo ho affrontato il tema dell’evoluzione della crisi, tappa per tappa. Esplicherò dove e come nasce: crisi subprime degli USA; la sua evoluzione: crisi finanziaria; il suo propagarsi: crisi del debito sovrano. Poi proseguo con una veloce veduta di quelli che sono i PIGS. Nel secondo capitolo affronto quella che è l’evoluzione del sistema economico e politico della Grecia, toccando l’evoluzione storica del suo Debito Pubblico e le manovre adottate per scongiurare la grave crisi finanziaria. Proseguendo con la spiegazione di come la crisi ha intaccato l’economia greca: i fattori e le caratteristiche. Nel terzo capitolo esplico le manovre adottate al livello europeo al fine di tutelare la moneta unica e continuare ad ottenere fiducia dai mercati finanziari. Affronto per cui anche la questione: verso l’unione fiscale o verso il collasso dell’euro?

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40

Yildizoglu, Ergin. "A theoretical and historical study of crisis in the capitalist mode of production." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253653.

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41

Granath, Jakob. "ECONOMIC CRISES AND CRIME : The Effects of the Great Recession on Swedish Crime Rates." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448078.

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This paper investigates the impact of the 2008's financial crisis on local crime rates in Sweden. I deploy a difference-in-differences approach that contrasts the changes in reported crimes between municipalities that are more or less crisis-exposed. The results show no significant effect on any crime category nor the aggregate crime rate. However, there are indications of more densely populated municipalities experiencing an increase in crimes with underlying financial incentives, although not robust. The results are similar when the effect of the Great Recession is compared to the major financial crisis that hit Sweden in the early 90s, suggesting that economic crises do not cause any reactions in crimes. One explanation could be the increase in social grants recipients and the participation in labour market programmes. Both of which cushions the fall in income and reduces criminal motivation. The results appear robust for a variety of alternative severity measures. Potential spillovers between adjacent municipalities do not seem to be a threat as the results are similar for county-level regressions. Overall, the findings in this paper point towards the number of reported crimes being unaffected by the crisis exposure measured as the employment change and change in retail sales.

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42

Pushmina, J. "The world economic crisis “epidemic”." Thesis, Ukrainian Academy of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61316.

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43

Морозова, Ірина Анатоліївна, Ирина Анатольевна Морозова, Iryna Anatoliivna Morozova, and A. V. Oleynyk. "World economic crisis. Latvia's madness." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13406.

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Ribeiro, Ana Sylvia Maris. "\'Vai crédito hoje?\': do \'curto-circuito\' ao blackout da reprodução crítica do capital fictício em São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-05082015-144002/.

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A presente pesquisa se constitui como um esforço de crítica. Um esforço de crítica negativa, teórica e social, que se debruça sobre a análise do processo de expansão e abertura das mais variadas formas de crédito às parcelas consideradas pobres da população brasileira, fenômeno recente e inédito na história do país que se expressa principalmente na primeira década do século XXI. O enfoque é dado particularmente ao caso de São Paulo. Sob a perspectiva da crítica do valor desenvolvida por Marx nO Capital e da dissociação-valor elaborada por Kurz e Scholz, a pesquisa se constrói a partir da consideração de depoimentos de mulheres residentes na periferia de São Paulo, no desdobramento da crítica às formas de entendimento produzidas acerca desse fenômeno, notadamente a realizada pelo Estado, por meio de dados e relatórios oficiais, e na geografia pela teoria dos dois circuitos da economia urbana dos países subdesenvolvidos.
The present study constitutes one critical effort. A negative theoretical and critical social effort, which looks at the analysis of the expansion and opening of various forms of credit to the installments of the population considered poor, recent and unprecedented phenomenon in the history of the country which is mainly expressed in the first case decade of this century. The focus is particularly given to the case of São Paulo. From the perspective of critical value developed by Marx in O Capital and dissociation-value developed by Kurz and Scholz, the research builds from the consideration of testimonials from women residing in the outskirts of São Paulo, in the unfolding of the critical ways produced on the understanding of this phenomenon, notably by the State, by means of data and official reports, and geography in the theory of two circuits of the urban economy in underdeveloped countries.

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45

Marçal, Gonçalo Simões. "Uma crise das ideias económicas : uma perspectiva histórica." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7737.

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Mestrado em Economia
Este trabalho propõe-se analisar a presente crise das ideias económicas a partir de uma perspectiva histórica. Para o efeito, proceder-se-á ao levantamento de algumas crises das ideias económicas ocorridas no passado, bem como a um resumo alargado dos factores que estão na origem da presente crise. A análise centra-se na dimensão teórica das crises em estudo e na sua resolução. Com o intuito de comparar as diferentes crises analisadas, procuraremos identificar mecanismos comuns à evolução das mesmas, bem como avaliar o estado de evolução da presente crise. Além disso, procuraremos determinar, de modo global, qual o papel desempenhado pelas crises das ideias económicas na evolução do conhecimento teórico-económico.
The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the current crisis of economic ideas from a historical standpoint. To that end, we will offer a brief survey of a few major crises of economic ideas occurred in the past, as well as an analysis of the different factors responsible for the present crisis. We will focus on the theoretical dimension of the crises and their solutions. Aiming to compare the different crises under analysis, we will try to identify mechanisms shared by all of them, and thereby to assess the current state of evolution of the present crisis. Moreover, on a larger scale, we will try to determine the role played by the crises of economic ideas within the evolution of theoretical knowledge.

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46

Balachandran, G. "Indian monetary policy and the international liquidity crisis during the inter-war years (1919-1939)." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1989. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28452/.

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This thesis examines the multi-lateral considerations that, in our view, underlay the formulation of monetary policy in India in the period between the two world wars. During and after the First World War, Britain faced a severe liquidity crisis. We argue that monetary policy in India was formulated to take account of this crisis. Traditionally, India was a large absorber of gold on the non-monetary account. The persistent aim of British monetary policy in the Indian context during the entire interwar period was that of not allowing India to set up a monetary demand for gold in addition to her non-monetary demand for it and secondly, through deflationary policies (including exchange rate adjustments), to limit India's non-monetary gold demands to the minimum. Indian gold exports during the depression, which gave room for manoeuvre in the management of the sterling after September 1931, were a logical sequel to this policy. The British liquidity crisis in this period took the form of her current account surpluses being inadequate to support a high level of overseas lending. Besides, in an uncertain financial environment, Britain was a large short-term debtor as the British bank rate acted as much to increase her short-term liabilities as it did by calling in her short-term assets. The British desire to return to gold at the pre-1914 parity required domestic deflation which itself was a matter of severe political contention. In the circumstances, Britain hoped her return to gold would be accomplished by a US inflation and US export of capital. Compounding this situation was the thinly veiled fear, in Britain, of the erosion of the key currency role of the sterling and the loss of its global financial leadership to the USA. Control over Indian monetary policy and its outcome proved valuable to Britain in this environment.

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47

Modena, Matteo <1995&gt. "Le strategie di Crisis Management per reagire alla crisi Covid-19: il caso del sistema di ospitalità veneziano." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21620.

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La crisi Covid-19 ha avuto un grave effetto sull'economia nazionale. Uno dei settori maggiormente colpiti è stato quello turistico, a causa delle misure intraprese per contrastare la diffusione della pandemia. Trovandosi a fronteggiare una crisi globale senza precedenti (almeno in questo secolo), gli operatori turistici e i policy maker hanno dovuto ripianificare e riorganizzare l’attività all’interno delle destinazioni. In questo contesto è interessante capire come il sistema di offerta all’interno delle destinazioni si sia mosso per contrastare gli effetti negativi della crisi, studiando le strategie intraprese per sostenere le imprese dell’indotto. Si sono quindi prese in esame le strutture ricettive del comune di Venezia e Venezia Mestre, promuovendo uno studio volto ad indagare quali politiche di crisis management sono state messe in atto dagli operatori per far fronte alla recessione. Il testo si propone come uno studio qualitativo e quantitativo sull’effetto della crisi Covid sul sistema di ospitalità veneziano, con l’obiettivo di valutare gli aspetti strategico-organizzativi che possano essere state più efficaci per rispondere alla crisi. Il presente elaborato si ispira ad un progetto di ricerca sviluppato dal Centro di Ricerca NOIS (Dipartimento di Management) e promosso dall’Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia.

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48

Ramos, Marcelo Valença. "Releitura sistêmico-teórica das relações entre direito, política e economia: a crise de 2008 como ponto de inflexão para a emergência do constitucionalismo societal." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8615.

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O trabalho busca na teoria dos sistemas de Niklas Luhmann, tal como desenvolvida por Gunther Teubner, Marcelo Neves e outros doutrinadores, elementos para explicar as relações entre os subsistemas jurídico, político e econômico na sociedade contemporânea. Com base nas ferramentas teóricas obtidas, revisa o conceito de constituição econômica como a relação de acoplamento estrutural entre o direito e a economia, e a Constituição do Estado como a relação de acoplamento estrutural entre o direito e a política. As crises econômicas são então explicadas pelas tendências inflacionárias na produção de símbolos e pelos choques entre racionalidades sistêmicas parciais. A crise de 2008 consolida a constatação de que a globalização restringe a capacidade de influência da política e do direito sobre o sistema econômico desterritorializado. Em vista disso, propõe-se a adoção da teoria do constitucionalismo societal de Teubner como proposta para a democracia no século XXI; através dela, é possível reconhecer a constitucionalização no interior de cada subsistema social e o desenvolvimento de foros de razão pública internos, nos quais a política pode ser desenvolvida de forma autônoma em relação à política institucionalizada do Estado. Finalmente, vê-se como o combate à crise econômica invariavelmente redesenha os papéis dos Poderes de Estado, reconhecendo certa liberdade ao Executivo, embora isso não signifique ausência de quaisquer freios e contrapesos.
The presentwork seeks elements in Niklas Luhmanns systems theory as developed by Gunther Teubner and Marcelo Neves, amongst others to explain the interrelations between the legal, economic and political social subsystems in current society. Based on the theoretical tools gathered, it analyzes the concept of economic constitution as the structural coupling between law and economics, and the State Constitution as a structural coupling between law and politics. Economic crisis is then explained by the inflationary tendencies in the production of symbols and by the conflicts between partial rationalities. The crisis of 2008 strengthened the conclusion that globalization restrains politics and laws capacities to influence the international economic system. In view of that, it is suggested the adoption of Teubners societal constitutionalism as a proposal for XXI centurys democracy. Societal constitutionalism allows the recognition of internal constitutions in each social subsystem and the development of internal public reasoning institutions, where politics can be developed autonomously from State Politics. Finally, the last chapter considers how the measures against economic crises invariably redefine the roles of the Executive, the Legislative and the Judiciary, recognizing some freedom to the Executive, although such freedom does not mean the absence of any checks and balances.

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Rando, Imira Taira. "O Brasil e a crise financeira : políticas econômicas (2008-2014) /." Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180902.

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Orientador: Eduardo Strachman
Banca: Guilherme Santos Mello
Banca: André Luiz Correa
Resumo: Durante a crise financeira internacional de 2008, o governo federal brasileiro fez uso de políticas para manutenção da atividade econômica através de instrumentos de crédito dos bancos públicos, assim como a adoção de políticas fiscais e monetárias expansivas. A partir do uso de tais instrumentos, o Brasil apresentou resultados considerados satisfatórios na economia dentro do período da crise nos anos 2008 e 2009. Porém, no ano de 2010 o governo iniciou uma mudança no rumo da política econômica. A partir disso é observado um quadro de piora no desempenho da economia brasileira, ao passo que outros países apresentavam sinais de melhoras em suas economias. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral compreender por que no Brasil se verificou um aprofundamento da crise financeira internacional de 2008 no período posterior, isto é, entre os anos de 2010 e 2014, e quais fatores contribuíram para isso. A hipótese é que o governo brasileiro reorientou a política econômica a partir de 2010 de modo errôneo, priorizando a austeridade fiscal, o que colaborou para o agravamento da crise no país.
Abstract: During the international financial crisis of 2008, the Brazilian federal government used policies for maintaining economic activity through public bank credit instruments, as well as adopted expansive fiscal and monetary policies. As a result Brazil presented satisfactory economic results during the crisis of 2008 and 2009. However, in 2010 the government initiated a change of path with the economic policy. That resulted in a worsening performance of the Brazilian economy contrary to the economic improvement in other countries. This dissertation aims to understand the reason for Brazil's delayed deepening in the 2008 international financial crisis, between 2010 and 2014, and to find what factors contributed to this. The hypothesis is that the Brazilian government erroneously changed the perspective of economic policy as of 2010 prioritizing fiscal austerity and in turn aggravating the national crisis.
Mestre

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50

Lima, Claudia Raphaela Cova de. "A crise bancária irlandesa de 2008-2011." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/9949.

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Submitted by Claudia Raphaela Lima (claudiaraphaela@gmail.com) on 2012-08-23T02:02:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A crise bancária irlandesa de 2008 a 2011 oficial.pdf: 1396111 bytes, checksum: 3cc0f9b3d38dada96e40049eaf4e56d5 (MD5)
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Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-23T13:08:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A crise bancária irlandesa de 2008 a 2011 oficial.pdf: 1396111 bytes, checksum: 3cc0f9b3d38dada96e40049eaf4e56d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-31
A Irlanda é um país que décadas anteriores chegou a ser chamado de 'O Tigre Celta', devido a seu crescimento econômico expressivo. Após a crise financeira mundial e a ruptura de uma bolha imobiliária, entrou em grande recessão, com um sistema bancário insolvente, a ponto da necessidade de intervenção de organizações financeiras mundiais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a crise do setor bancário irlandês de 2008 a 2011. A dissertação analisa a origem da crise, os métodos de solução e seu custo social.
Ireland in the previous decades was called 'The Celtic Tiger' because of its impressive economic growth. The global financial crisis and the breakdown of a housing bubble, produced a big recession and an insolvent banking system, requiring financial support of world organizations. This dissertation aims to study the Irish banking sector crisis from 2008 to 2011, pointing out an analysis on the origin of the crisis, the resolution methods and its social cost.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Economic crisi'

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