Academic literature on the topic 'Economic conversion – history'
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Journal articles on the topic "Economic conversion – history"
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Tam, Truong Phan Chau. "Religious Conversion of the Ethnic Minorities in the South of Vietnam." Tattva - Journal of Philosophy 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12726/tjp.15.3.
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Religious conversion is a phenomenon that has frequently occurred in human history. As part of religious life, religious conversion reflects fluctuations and changes in social existence, especially changes in the economic, cultural, social, religious factors and one‟s own subjective religious convictions. Religious conversions are taking place in the ethnic communities in Southern Vietnam, but in a context that is space and time specific. So the process of evolution, the nature, dynamics and characteristics of the case of religious conversion here is different and unique. Currently, the study of religious conversion in Vietnam in general and the South in particular, is modest. There have not been many studies regarding case specific religious conversion of people and no studies have done a full assessment of the nature and characteristics of religious conversion on social life in Southern Vietnam as well as forecasted the evolution and impact of the same. This article is intended to present and describe three cases of religious conversion in the south of Vietnam. These are the conversion to Protestantism of ethnic communities Khmer (originating from Cambodia)
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Brems, Hans. "Macroeconomic Conversion Déjà Vu." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 17, no. 1 (1995): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837200002303.
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Scope. Macroeconomic theory determines either an unemployment equilibrium or an inflation equilibrium. Consider an economy producing a single good. Unemployment theory determines the physical output of that good; inflation theory determines its price. Twice in the history of economic thought an unemployment equilibrium reversed itself into an inflation equilibrium. First, in the eighteenth century the unemployment equilibrium of William Petty (1662) and A. Yarranton (1677) reversed itself into the inflation equilibrium of David Hume (1752) and A. R. J. Turgot (1769–1770). Second, in our own century the unemployment equilibrium of J. M. Keynes (1936) reversed itself into the inflation equilibrium of Milton Friedman (1968).
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Paul, Vinil Baby. "‘Onesimus to Philemon’: Runaway Slaves and Religious Conversion in Colonial ‘Kerala’, India, 1816–1855." International Journal of Asian Christianity 4, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25424246-04010004.
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Abstract Several theories emerged, based on the Christian conversion of lower caste communities in colonial India. The social and economic aspects predominate the study of religious conversion among the lower castes in Kerala. Most of these studies only explored the lower caste conversion after the legal abolition of slavery in Kerala (1855). The existing literature followed the mass movement phenomena. These studies ignore the slave lifeworld and conversion history before the abolition period, and they argued, through religious conversion, the former slave castes began breaking social and caste hierarchy with the help of Protestant Christianity. The dominant Dalit Christian historiography does not open the complexity of slave Christian past. Against this background, this paper explores the history of slave caste conversion before the abolition period. From the colonial period, the missionary writings bear out that the slaves were hostile to and suspicious of new religions. They accepted Christianity only cautiously. It was a conscious choice, even as many Dalits refused Christian teachings.
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Wu, Zhaoyi, Xi Gong, and Xi Guan. "Wind energy: History, basic principles, implement, environmental and economic impacts." Applied and Computational Engineering 7, no. 1 (July 21, 2023): 516–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/7/20230433.
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Wind power is a conversion shape of sun power, a non-polluting, inexhaustible renewable power. Wind power is especially used to generate electricity, in comparison with conventional power, wind electricity era has no gasoline fee risk, strong electricity era expenses, and does now no longer consist of environmental expenses along with carbon emissions. In positive locations, wind electricity has emerge as much less high-priced than different generators. Wind power is one of the lowest-cost sources of electricity, and wind power facilities are mostly three-d facilities, the use of suitable machines at suitable locations, with low harm to land and ecology. The percentage of wind electricity era has grown twenty-4 instances from 2000 to 2015, and we are able to see the improvement ability of wind power. This paper especially discusses the records of wind power, financial effects, environmental impact, implementation, and concepts of wind turbines. This paper can permit readers understand the simple data and modern-day state of affairs of wind power, and feature a positive knowledge of the concepts of wind turbines.
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Richardson, Thomas J., and Julian Cooper. "The Soviet Defense Industry: Conversion and Economic Reform." Russian Review 52, no. 4 (October 1993): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/130678.
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Paul, Vinil Baby. "Dalit Conversion Memories in Colonial Kerala and Decolonisation of knowledge." South Asia Research 41, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02627280211000166.
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This article seeks to decolonise knowledge of the conventional history of Dalits’ Christian conversion and its implications in colonial Kerala. As the missionary archive is the only source of Dalit Christian history writing in Kerala, in this historiography social historians have been unable to include the memories of Protestant missionary work at the local level by the local people themselves. Their experiences and rich accounts are marked by dramatic actions to gain socio-economic freedom and to establish a safe environment with the scope for future development. This article identifies how Dalit Christians themselves, in a specific locality, remember their conversion history, suggesting thereby the scope for a valuable addition to the archive.
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FELDMAN, JONATHAN. "Economic Conversion An Alternative to Military Dependency in the University." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 577, no. 1 Ethical Issue (December 1989): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb15069.x.
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Wilkinson, Sara Jane, and Hilde Remoy. "Adaptive reuse of Sydney offices and sustainability." Sustainable Buildings 2 (2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sbuild/2017002.
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The built environment contributes 40% of total global greenhouse gas emissions and 87% of the buildings we will have in 2050 are already built. If predicted climate changes are correct, we need to adapt existing stock sustainably. Outside Australia there is a history of office to residential conversions. These conversions number few in Sydney although evidence suggests a trend is emerging in conversion adaptations. In 2014, 102 000 m2 of office space was earmarked for residential conversion in Sydney as demand for central residential property grows and low interest rates create good conditions. The Central Business District (CBD) population is projected to increase by 4% to 2031 requiring 45 000 new homes and this coincides with a stock of ageing offices. Furthermore, the Sydney office market is set to be flooded with the Barangaroo development supply in 2017; thus conditions for conversion are better than ever. However, what is the level of sustainability in these projects? And, are stakeholders cognisant of sustainability in these projects? Moreover, is a voluntary a mandatory approach going to deliver more sustainability in this market? Through a series of interviews with key stakeholders, this paper investigates the nature and extent of the phenomena in Sydney, as well as the political, economic, social, environmental and technological drivers and barriers to conversion. No major study exists on conversion adaptation in Sydney and the most residential development is new build. There is substantial potential to change the nature of the CBD and enhance sustainability with the residential conversion of office space. The findings show that opportunities are being overlooked to appreciate and acknowledge the sustainability of this type of adaptation and that there is a need for a rating tool to encourage greater levels of sustainability and to acknowledge existing levels of sustainability achieved in these projects.
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Hajnal, Zsófia. "“Celestial” snapshots: Moral economic revisitations of János Kornai's the socialist system." Acta Oeconomica 73, S1 (November 3, 2023): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2023.00039.
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AbstractSignificant parts of the work of the great economist and economic visionary János Kornai function as a magnifying glass in economic theory, philosophy and history. Kornai examined economic systems and system-mixes with substantial details, for then being able to focus his audiences' attention on the most relevant and critical aspects of them. One of Kornai's masterpieces, The Socialist System – a book which recently passed its 30-year publishing anniversary – is such a political economy lens on communism. I am attempting a concise conversion of this magnifying glass, to apply a Galileian metaphor, into an economic telescope. In other words, I am adding another economic lens – that of moral economics – to the Kornaian viewpoints. In a short analysis going through various dimensions of The Socialist System, I am coupling Kornai's thoughts with moral economic ideas, both from the classical and the contemporary moral economy streams. The goal with this exercise of respectfully refreshing a toolkit and style of economic analysis is to then gaze into, and partially describe a potential multitude, or spectra of economic systems, which may manifest in econodiversity.
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KIYKO, Svitlana, and Tetiana RUBANETS. "LINGUOCREATIVE CONVERSION POTENTIAL IN THE ENGLISH MEDICAL, SPORTS AND HOUSEHOLD SECTOR." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 848 (May 2024): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2024.848.105-116.
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As the language of the analytic system, English has great creative potential for the development of conversion as a highly productive form of word formation. We interpret conversion as a morphological transposition with a word-forming character within the framework of transposition theory. Our study deals with new conversives in the English fields of medicine, sport and household. We selected 329 examples of neologisms from the dictionaries. The study emphasises the 1950s and 1970s as a reflection of human life in the middle of the 20th century. This period was characterised by enormous social changes as a result of the Second World War and the rapid economic development of the post-war period. While we describe the 20th century as a period characterised by a further leap in the development of society, we describe the 2000s-2020s as the era of advanced computer technologies and global catastrophes faced by modern man. It has been established that the emergence of conversives depends on the field under study: A greater number of new words were recorded in the field of medicine and sport (212 conversions) than in the field of everyday life (117 conversions). The results of the study show that conversion serves not only to replenish the vocabulary of the language, but also to recreate the conceptual picture of the world of the English-speaking society at a certain stage of history. A comparative analysis of the conversion-novelties in two time periods shows that the conversion-neologisms reflect the development of man in society, reflect the achievements in science, technology and art, and reproduce the global problems of mankind in the second half of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic conversion – history"
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Curk, Joshua M. "From Jew to Gentile : Jewish converts and conversion to Christianity in medieval England, 1066-1290." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:996a375b-43ac-42fc-a9f5-0edfa519d249.
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The subject of this thesis is Jewish conversion to Christianity in medieval England. The majority of the material covered dates between 1066 and c.1290. The overall argument of the thesis contends that converts to Christianity in England remained essentially Jews. Following a discussion of the relevant secondary literature, which examines the existing discussion of converts and conversion, the principal arguments contained in the chapters of the thesis include the assertion that the increasing restrictiveness of the laws and rules regulating the Jewish community in England created a push factor towards conversion, and that converts to Christianity inhabited a legal grey area, neither under the jurisdiction of the Exchequer of the Jews, nor completely outside of it. Numerous questions are asked (and answered) about the variety of convert experience, in order to argue that there was a distinction between leaving Judaism and joining Christianity. Two convert biographies are presented. The first shows how the liminality that was a part of the conversion process affected the post-conversion life of a convert, and the second shows how a convert might successfully integrate into Christian society. The analysis of converts and conversion focusses on answering a number of questions. These relate to, among other things, pre-conversion relationships with royal family members, the reaction to corrody requests for converts, motives for conversion, forced or coerced conversions, the idea that a convert could be neither Christian nor Jew, converts re-joining Judaism, converts who carried the names of royal functionaries, the domus conversorum, convert instruction, and converting minors. The appendix to the thesis contains a complete catalogue of Jewish converts in medieval England. Among other things noted therein are inter-convert relationships, and extant source material. Each convert also has a biography.
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Nishiyama, Takashi. "Swords into plowshares civilian application of wartime military technology in modern Japan, 1945-1964 /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1104324814.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 246 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 212-242).
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Cournarie, Emmanuelle. "Approche socio-anthropologique d'une reconversion industrielle : de l'horlogerie aux microtechniques à Besançon." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839114.
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Pendant près de deux siècles, les générations d'horlogers bisontins se sont transmis valeurs, savoirs,passion pour ce métier qui s'est ancré fortement dans le territoire bisontin. Lorsque l'innovationtechnique du quartz remet en question la production horlogère traditionnelle dans les années 1970,la fabrication de montres disparait. Lui succède alors une activité centrée sur les "microtechniques",présentée communément comme l'héritière des savoirs horlogers. Quelle est la nature véritable decet héritage ? Dans le cadre de notre thèse, nous tentons de répondre à cette question, en analysantle processus de reconversion de l'industrie horlogère vers les microtechniques. Nous cherchons àcomprendre comment des catégories professionnelles autrefois réunies autour d'un projet communet réunies par une culture collective fortement cohésive se désolidarisent dans un contexte de crise.Les places occupées dans le système initial ont lentement façonné des identités spécifiques,masquées pourtant par la culture collective. Dans une période d'instabilité provoquée par desbouleversements environnementaux, ces identités s'affirment et les normes, représentations etvaleurs de chaque groupe produisent des logiques d'acteurs différentes. Le groupe capable de puiserdans ses ressources pour s'adapter aux transformations de l'environnement acquiert le pouvoir, qued'autres perdent en refusant le changement. L'orientation de l'activité vers le secteur desmicrotechniques peut donc être envisagée comme une stratégie favorable à la pérennisation dessavoirs d'une des catégories en présence. Plutôt qu'un simple phénomène d'ajustement à desnouvelles contraintes économiques et techniques, le changement peut donc être analysé - aussi -comme un phénomène microsocial, résultat de logiques d'acteurs et de luttes pour la maîtrise del'avenir d'une industrie territorialisée
Books on the topic "Economic conversion – history"
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Michael, Brzoska, Brömmelhörster Jörn 1961-, and Bonn International Center for Conversion., eds. Conversion survey, 1996: Global disarmament, demilitarization, and demobilization. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
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Margairaz, Michel. L' état, les finances et l'économie: Histoire d'une conversion, 1932-1952. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1991.
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Margairaz, Michel. L' état, les finances et l'économie: Histoire d'une conversion, 1932-1952. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1991.
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A, Molodt͡s︡ygin M., and Institut rossiĭskoĭ istorii (Rossiĭskai͡a︡ akademii͡a︡ nauk), eds. Poslevoennai͡a︡ konversii͡a︡: K istorii "kholodnoĭ voĭny" : sbornik dokumentov. Moskva: Rossiĭskai͡a︡ akademii͡a︡ nauk, In-t rossiĭskoĭ istorii, 1998.
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Makhmudova, M. M. Perekhodnai︠a︡ ĕkonomika: Uchebnoe posobie. Ti︠u︡menʹ: Ti︠u︡mGNGU, 2011.
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Bozheyeva, Gulbarshyn. Former Soviet biological weapons facilities in Kazakhstan: Past, present, and future. Monterey, CA: Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, 1999.
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Dong, Jianbo. Ji yu yu zhi yue: Yu xi he Zhe xi jin dai jing ji bi jiao. Shanghai Shi: Hua dong shi fan da xue chu ban she, 2018.
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Rahe, Martin. Eliteverhalten und Unternehmertum im Transformationsprozess: Eine ökonomische Analyse des Verhaltens sozialistischer Eliten auf ökonomischen und politischen Märkten im Übergang vom Plan zum Markt. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1998.
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Andrew, Kirby, ed. The Pentagon and the cities. Newbury Park [Calif.]: SAGE Publications, 1992.
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Anthony, Lake, and Harrison Selig S, eds. After the wars: Reconstruction in Afghanistan, Indochina, Central America, Southern Africa, and the Horn of Africa. New Brunswick, USA: Transaction Publishers, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Economic conversion – history"
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Meier zu Selhausen, Felix. "Missions, Education and Conversion in Colonial Africa." In Palgrave Studies in Economic History, 25–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25417-9_2.
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Catalan Vidal, Jordi. "Introduction: The Conversion of the Mediterranean into a World Centre, Its Crises and the Formation of the Late Mediaeval Commercial Empires." In Palgrave Studies in Economic History, 1–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24502-2_1.
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Sayre, Nathan F. "A History of North American Rangelands." In Rangeland Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, 49–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34037-6_3.
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AbstractNorth America’s diverse grassland, savanna, steppe and desert ecosystems evolved in the absence of domesticated livestock. The arrival of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses after 1492 transformed many ecosystems while enabling European soldiers, missionaries and settlers to conquer the continent. The decimation of indigenous populations by warfare, disease and economic dependency further transformed rangelands by removing Native management practices, especially the use of fire. The history of rangelands since then has been one of recursive efforts to commodify and territorialize rangeland resources—including wildlife, grass, soil fertility and the land itself—for market production and exchange. Many former rangelands have been lost altogether, by conversion to forest cover (due to fire suppression) or to agricultural uses (especially in the Great Plains), and invasive exotic plant species have radically altered large areas of rangelands in California, the Great Basin, and other regions. Nonetheless, North American rangelands remain both vast and invaluable for wildlife. The Western Range system of public land grazing leases, which emerged from the devastating overgrazing of the late nineteenth century, succeeded in stabilizing range conditions and linking land use and management across large landscapes of mixed ownerships. With accelerating urbanization, the rise of environmentalism, and structural shifts in the livestock industry since World War II, however, the Western Range has begun to unravel, exposing rangelands to development and fragmentation. Climatic variability in the form of droughts, floods and extreme fire conditions, more so than aridity per se, has frustrated efforts to extract value from rangelands from the outset, and climate change promises to amplify these phenomena going forward.
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Pavlović, Jelena, Ana Šabanović, and Nataša Ćuković-Ignjatović. "Industrial Heritage of Belgrade: Brownfield Sites Revitalization Status, Potentials and Opportunities Missed." In The Urban Book Series, 831–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_74.
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AbstractBeing created during the period of intensive industrialization, industrial buildings and landscapes carry importance as birth places of rapid technological progress, social and economic changes, which has established their great significance for modern human history and identity. Termination of their active function causes symptoms of decline to appear gradually, and their number decreases as the time passes. They are often endangered regardless of their protection status. Implementation of adaptive reuse principles allows for less strict approach to conservation practice, and its benefits are demonstrated worldwide. Despite that fact, industrial heritage has not been revitalized enough through adequately treated sites in Serbia. That indicates lack of understanding of the value of this cultural and historical heritage, as well as its suitable future purposes, impossible without some form of active dialog between participants in the planning process. The legal preconditions for this collaboration exist in Serbian regulations, and they are examined in the paper, but other potential causes of the lack of consensus that result in failure are also explored. In Belgrade, industrial brownfields occupy attractive locations, often targeted for market-driven redevelopment. For that reason, the paper explores current practice of revitalizing brownfield sites of industrial heritage in Belgrade. It considers the achievements, probable missed opportunities, and remaining potentials where acquired knowledge can be utilized. Key results of the research define critical points in the planning process for the preservation of values despite the modernity of brownfield sites transformations. The purpose of this paper is to help safeguard industrial landscapes of Belgrade and Serbia, and their sustainable conversion, the most adequate for the present moment, as well as to contribute to urban reconstruction of declining landscapes to which these brownfield sites belong.
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Simarmata, Hendricus A., Irina Rafliana, Johannes Herbeck, and Rapti Siriwardane-de Zoysa. "Futuring ‘Nusantara’: Detangling Indonesia’s Modernist Archipelagic Imaginaries." In Ocean Governance, 337–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20740-2_15.
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AbstractArchipelagic identities have long patterned Indonesian historic imaginaries, collective memory, and its postcolonial modernist narratives on nation-building. This chapter examines and puts into conversation two distinct and interrelated concepts undergirding archipelagic thinking – ‘Nusantara’ and the lesser studied ‘Tanah Air’ – against speculative visions of Indonesia’s developmental trajectories. These concepts intersect with Indonesia’s aspirational vision as a maritime nation that is to take its place within a regional and globalist paradigm of ocean-centric economic growth. Inspired by critical ocean studies and by drawing on narrative analysis, we begin by considering the paradoxes within Indonesia’s contemporary blue economy growth visions in relation to its older land-based biases in planning and nation-building. In critically engaging with Indonesia’s own oceanic turn towards a blue growth orthodoxy, we consider three aspects of its futuring trajectory, namely industrialization, infrastructural development, and its recent choice of relocating its administrative capital to east Kalimantan. While engaging with paradigmatic land-locked biases and political path dependencies that unwittingly entrench ‘Java-centric’ development, we illustrate how Indonesia’s distinct archipelagic thinking has co-evolved in recent history, and with what cultural resonance for its nation-building vision in the decades to come.
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Pavlović, Jelena, Ana Šabanović, and Nataša Ćuković-Ignjatović. "Energy Efficiency Improvement in Industrial Brownfield Heritage Buildings: Case Study of “Beko”." In The Urban Book Series, 821–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_73.
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AbstractBrownfield sites often form on industrial sites of once successful companies dating from the era of industrialization, due to loss of active function and despite their historical significance. Accompanied by urban decline, they contribute to continuous pollution, decrease in economic values, as well as loss of local identity. On the other hand, they represent a reserve of space of great potential in central urban locations. The main purpose of this research is to examine possibilities for improvement by their reuse, while preserving built-in cultural values and acknowledging contemporary requirements. A review of contemporary literature considering the concept of brownfield sites provides a starting theoretical basis for understanding their strengths and potentials, as well as the problems when redeveloping such sites. The subject of the research is exploring strategies for brownfield revitalization while reactivating industrial buildings through adaptive reuse. This includes sustainable solutions in accordance with modern requirements, especially energy efficiency, as one of the main concepts of existing building stock improvement that recognizes importance of responsible energy resources management. The paper includes a case study of the previously devastated brownfield site of “Beko” industrial building, located in the central urban area of Belgrade. Its former state, as well as parts of the documentation for reconstruction and its conversion into a modern business facility “Kalemegdan Business Center,” is thoroughly analyzed, emphasizing the positive results of energy efficiency improvements despite the restrictions intended for historic buildings alterations. The aim of the paper is to create a theoretical platform that provides firm arguments in favor of realizing the importance and potentials of industrial brownfield sites revitalization at present, as well as the constraints regarding its practical implementation considering buildings of cultural value.
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"The great conversion." In Routledge Explorations in Economic History. Routledge, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203018248.ch19.
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"McKenna’s conversion." In Routledge Explorations in Economic History. Routledge, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203018248.ch4.
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Kling, David W. "Conversion by Coercion." In A History of Christian Conversion, 151–73. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195320923.003.0007.
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As Christian European society expanded geographically and as the Latin Church insisted on its universal rule, the perceived contamination of Christians by “religious aliens” accelerated intolerance by church and state authorities, mobs, and vigilante groups. This chapter examines the forced conversions of Jews and pagans. In four incidents of Jewish conversion, the threat of violence or of some kind of negative consequence (e.g., economic pressure) constituted if not forced conversions then certainly pressure to convert. Jews, however, were only one group, and a relatively small one, targeted for forcible Christian conversion. Throughout the medieval period, thousands of pagans were brought into the Christian fold by forcible means—from Charlemagne’s eighth-century campaign against the Saxons to the Sword Brothers’ thirteenth-century campaigns against the Lithuanians and Estonians.
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Kling, David W. "Protestant Entrance and Christian Expansion (1840–1950)." In A History of Christian Conversion, 468–93. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195320923.003.0018.
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Beginning in the 1840s, Anglo-French gunboat diplomacy and “unequal treaties” forcibly opened China to European economic interests and, in so doing, introduced unprecedented opportunities for Christian expansion. Catholic missionaries and priests returned to nurture “Old Catholics” and plant new missions, and for the first time Protestants appeared on the scene with millennial hopes of reaching “China’s millions.” This chapter begins by giving general attention to reasons for the Chinese to reject or accept the Christian message. It then turns to specific discussions of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the China Inland Mission, “Pastor Xi” (Xi Liaozhi), and first-generation Fuzhou Protestants. It concludes with an examination of the views of American theological liberals who, beginning in the late nineteenth century, rejected the traditional Christian emphasis on the necessity of conversion.
Conference papers on the topic "Economic conversion – history"
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Lavrov, V. V. "PROMOTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES OF THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION USING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES." In CONVERSION PROBLEMS AND REGULATION OF REGIONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS. INSTITUTE OF PROBLEMS OF REGIONAL ECONOMICS OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52897/978-5-7310-6198-8-2023-52-57-63.
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The article deals with topical issues of the development of creative indus-tries. Their structure, history of formation and the main directions of their use in the promotion of cultural heritage objects are especially noted. In the context of the active use of digital technologies, the emergence of new technical opportunities for the formation and promotion of media resources and film content, the issues of capitalization in this area represent the most important direction for the further development of creative industries.
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Annamalai, K., N. T. Carlin, H. Oh, G. Gordillo Ariza, B. Lawrence, U. Arcot V., J. M. Sweeten, K. Heflin, and W. L. Harman. "Thermo-Chemical Energy Conversion Using Supplementary Animal Wastes With Coal." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43386.
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Researchers at Texas A&M University have studied properties of cattle biomass (CB or manure) fuels and their possible utility in combustion systems. Larger, more concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) and farms make manure disposal more difficult. At the same time, due to the concentration of the manure, the CAFOs can be a source of a more feasible and reliable CB feedstock for fossil fuel supplementation and emissions reduction technologies. This paper reviews the history of work conducted on animal biomass fuels and current research and experiments undertaken by Texas A&M University (TAMU) System research personnel. Feedlot biomass (FB), dairy biomass (DB), and chicken litter biomass (LB) are considered here. When cofiring with coal under rich conditions, the CB has the potential to reduce NOx and Hg emissions. Reburning coal with CB can be just as effective as and possibly more economical than reburning with conventional fuels like natural gas. In addition to cofiring and reburning, another possible energy conversion method is gasification of cattle biomass with air and air-steam oxidizing agents that can produce synthetic gases which can then be used in a variety of different combustion systems. The economic feasibility of utilizing animal-based biomass on existing coal-fired power plants is greatly dependent on the relative cost of coal, the biomass transportation distance to the combustion facility, and numerous other factors. Even though most of the methodologies and procedures, in this paper, deal with CB, similar schemes can be undertaken for most other animal or solid wastes.
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Alklih, Mohamad Yousef, Hui Peng, Karem Alejandra Khan, Nidhal Mohamed Aljneibi, Xili Deng, and Min Tong. "FDP Business Case to Support Company De-Carbonization Strategy by CO2 Conversion." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210955-ms.
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Abstract Finding an environmentally innovative yet a commercially viable solution to meet the growing energy demands is becoming more challenging with time. CO2-EOR forms an integral part of ADNOC's de-carbonization strategy and in view of its reported advantages, a series of CO2 pilot and projects were implemented. Based on the gained experiences, a business case was generated to convert a field from HC-WAG to CO2-WAG; looking for win-win situation for the environment and HC extraction. The currently implemented development plan relies heavily on HC-WAG injection and has been facing several challenges including, maintaining miscibility conditions and UTC optimization efforts by gas curtailment. In this study, subsurface and surface assessment of alternative field development scenarios was conducted; aiming to convert the field to CO2-WAG. The study was initiated by evaluation of reservoir performance to identify areas for improvement and accelerate the decision making process. This was later incorporated into a dynamic model via diverse set of field management logics to screen wide range of scenarios. The simulation results were analyzed using standardized approaches where a number of key indicators was cross-referenced to produce optimal field development scenarios with regards to CO2-EOR effect on the reservoir, understanding CO2 efficiency post HC flooding, miscibility conditions, balanced pressure depletion, harmonized sweep as well as robust reservoir engineering ground. The optimal scenarios were assessed with in-house engineering, in line of having strong economic indicators, honoring operational constraints, corporate business plan and strategic objectives. The study is unique and one of very few cases available in literature to highlight shifting field development with an established history of HC-WAG injection to CO2-WAG. The methodology applied in this study uses an integrated subsurface-surface structured approach to tackle reservoirs challenges related to CO2 Conversion, generate alternative option to showcase the benefits of CO2-EOR as an environmentally friendly solution.
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Cooper, Heather L. "Undergraduate Renewable Energy Projects to Support Energy Solutions of the Future." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15884.
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Motivated by energy security requirements and the desire to create a sustainable and safe environment, there is a growing need to transition gradually from fossil fuels toward new and emerging energy sources. The energy solutions of the future will require a significant amount of research and development, as well as increased awareness and acceptance of new and emerging energy technologies. Creating a highly educated workforce who will contribute to overcoming future energy challenges is a key component in bringing about this transition. One method of supporting workforce development in future energy solutions is to incorporate new and emerging energy technology directly into required undergraduate coursework. To this end, renewable energy projects were developed and implemented in a required introductory thermal science course in a mechanical engineering technology curriculum. The goal of the projects was to provide students with a deeper understanding of the need for, the advantages of, and the difficulties associated with renewable energy sources. The open-ended semester-long student projects included (1) research on the history and implementation of a renewable energy source, (2) development of an experimental application of the energy source in an energy conversion process, and (3) an economic analysis of the energy source in an assumed application or case study. This paper presents the design and development of these renewable energy projects, and informal and formal evaluation of the effectiveness of the projects over two years of classroom implementation. In addition, the link between the projects and select accreditation criteria for engineering technology programs is discussed.
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O'Connor, Kate, and Makenna Karst. "Innovation through Investigation: Creating a Cooperative Social Community." In 112th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.112.91.
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The community of Idlewild, located in Yates Township, Michigan, possesses a significant history as the largest historic African American resort community established during the Jim Crow Era. Established in 1912, it thrived for more than fifty years but declined with the passing of the Civil Rights Act in 1964. However, Idlewild has begun to revitalize, with new full-time residents seeking work-life balance in a rural context and, most importantly, residency in a safe community. However, Idlewild was originally designated for seasonal residents, resulting in a new set of needs for community sustainment.A special focus on research that engages with community visioning to develop planning that realigns community, township, and county goals for Idlewild is a significant driver in this exercise. The use of community visioning will be coupled with the township master planning process with focus on sustain-ability; the implementation of social solidarity economics, as well as open book management, will solidify the continued success of the community in the spirit of “co-opetition”. The application of these theories and their effect on the sustain-ability of Idlewild will be of particular interest. In addition to the environment, sustainability will include concern for people and economy to develop a balanced community structure. Social solidarity economic principles refer to a set of values and practices aimed at promoting economic systems that prioritize cooperation, social justice, and sustainability. It is an alternative model to the mainstream capitalist system and seeks to address the inequalities and environmental challenges created by traditional market economies. The principles of solidarity economy emphasize the well-being of individuals and communities over profit maximization. Key Principles that will be addressed in this paper are: 1. Solidarity and Cooperation 2. Social Justice and Equity 3. Democratic Governance 4. Sustainable Development5. Localization and Autonomy 6. Diverse Economic Forms 7. Ethical Consumption 8. Education and Awareness A critical factor in the planning process is preserving historical community values while not stifling progress that will allow for a continued longevity. Embracing the African American heritage of Idlewild makes this instance of cooperative community living a unique example, amplified by its resort identity. Extensive literature review, community engagement, and active group communication will serve as the basis for planning.The strategic conversation of the Idlewild community members will be formulated through the lens of social solidarity economic principles and community theory, leading to documentation of solutions for the future of Idlewild. The aspiration for this process is to create a successful case study for other rural communities to begin planning and applying cooperative community modeling.
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Bayerl, Mathias, Pascale Neff, Torsten Clemens, Martin Sieberer, Barbara Stummer, and Andras Zamolyi. "Accelerating Mature Field EOR Evaluation Using Machine Learning Uncertainty Workflows Integrating Subsurface And Economics." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208194-ms.
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Abstract Field re-development planning for tertiary recovery projects in mature fields traditionally involves a comprehensive subsurface evaluation circle, including static/dynamic modeling, scenario assessment and candidate selection based on economic models. The aforementioned sequential approach is time-consuming and includes the risk of delaying project maturation. This work introduces a novel approach which integrates subsurface geological and dynamic modeling as well as economics and uses machine learning augmented uncertainty workflows to achieve project acceleration. In the elaborated enhanced oil recovery (EOR) evaluation process, a machine learning assisted approach is used in order to narrow geological and dynamic parameter ranges both for model initialization and subsequent history matching. The resulting posterior parameter distributions are used to create the input models for scenario evaluation under uncertainty. This scenario screening comprises not only an investigation of qualified EOR roll-out areas, but also includes detailed engineering such as well spacing optimization and pattern generation. Eventually, a fully stochastic economic evaluation approach is performed in order to rank and select scenarios for EOR implementation. The presented workflow has been applied successfully for a mature oil field in Central/Eastern Europe with 60+ years of production history. It is shown that by using a fully stochastic approach, integrating subsurface engineering and economic evaluation, a considerable acceleration of up to 75% in project maturation time is achieved. Moreover, the applied workflow stands out due to its flexibility and adaptability based on changes in the project scope. In the course of this case study, a sector roll-out of chemical EOR is elaborated, including a proposal for 27 new well candidates and 17 well conversions, resulting in an incremental oil production of 4.7MM bbl. The key findings were: A workflow is introduced that delivers a fully stochastic economic evaluation while honoring the input and measured data.The delivered scenarios are conditioned to the geological information and the production history in a Bayesian Framework to ensure full consistency of the selected subsurface model advanced to forecasting.The applied process results in substantial time reduction for an EOR re-development project evaluation cycle.
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F. Batir, J., E. N. Gentry, J. Boak, H. Soroush, P. Leung, D. Blacklaw, and Luz Zarate. "Developing a Feasibility Assessment Strategy for Offshore Geothermal." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/35149-ms.
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Abstract The author team completed a pre-feasibility study for offshore geothermal energy production. This work was performed as an exercise to build a feasibility assessment strategy focused on offshore opportunities. Presented in this paper is an overview of geothermal energy and how to convert existing oil and gas wells for geothermal energy production, review of technical considerations for use in an offshore setting, and a case study which assessed the potential for well conversion in the Gulf of Mexico to demonstrate economic viability of offshore wellbore repurposing. We first defined an archetype well and infrastructure for assessment and then examined aspects such as infrastructure age, opportunity for well conversions on a given platform, reservoir properties, and well conversion strategies. Then, the geothermal resource potential for an offshore well and associated platform was evaluated using public data and published geologic and geothermal literature for the general Gulf Coast Basin. Next, the geothermal electrical potential was evaluated using three main variables: 1) flow rate, 2) geothermal temperature at the surface, and 3) ambient air temperature. Both temperature and flow rate estimations utilized existing public domain production data, including measured well temperatures, estimated temperature at depth, and reported production estimates. Detailed review and analysis suggest existing wells that may be or can be tied back to a common area are moderate to low temperatures, approximately 250 – 350 °F. This temperature, combined with historic production rates, is estimated to be between 300 kW and 3 MW of electricity potential, depending on repurposing methodology and total flow rate potential. Investment in the low production model (~300 kW) will most likely have an approximately flat to negative return with an average Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 0 ±1% and Payback Period (PP) of 19 ±1.5 years. The high production model (~3 MW) will most likely have an approximately positive return with an average IRR of 10 ±2% and a PP of 14 ±2.6 years. Key assumptions that impact the economic estimates include well workover cost, power production rate, power plant cost, and operating expenses. In an offshore setting, it is important to consider long-term strategy of the existing infrastructure for developing potential financial cut-offs or maximum project timelines. The first-order power production and economic assessment example here, to our knowledge, is the first to build a systematic analysis assessment focused on a single piece of existing infrastructure for repurposing or co-production. This methodology provides sufficient information to make development decisions and can be combined with mid to long term corporate strategy, on the 5-20+ year time scale.
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Koning, Maartje, Vedran Zikovic, Kaj Van der Valk, Rajesh Pawar, John Williams, Nils Opedal, and Alexandra Dudu. "Development of a Screening Framework for Re-Use of Existing Wells for CCUS Projects Considering Regulatory, Experimental and Technical Aspects." In Middle East Oil, Gas and Geosciences Show. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213583-ms.
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Abstract Oil and gas fields that have reached their end of economic life provide a potential option for geologic CO2 storage in support of the energy transition and efforts to reduce CO2 emissions. Re-use of these existing wells can potentially result in significant cost savings compared to drilling new wells, but also presents a challenge for CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage) development. Prior to conversion, evaluation of the feasibility of re-using existing oil and gas wells will be required, including consideration of operational and safety requirements. Currently, there are no standard approaches or public tools available to aid in the technical evaluation and to support decision making on well re-use potential for CO2 storage. The REX-CO2 (Re-using EXisting wells for CO2 storage operations) project, funded by the ACT (Accelerating CCUS Technologies) program has developed a first-of-its-kind assessment framework and evaluation tool based on state-of-the-art practices, standards, guidelines and international reference projects. The tool is designed to utilize available data on well construction, subsurface geology, well operational and integrity history to screen the re-usability of wells for CO2 storage operations. The tool provides a thorough qualitative evaluation of the current re-usability potential of existing wells and highlights the most important issues requiring further detailed analysis. The results can be used to design and select mitigation options, ultimately identifying the most promising candidate wells. The tool has been applied to multiple international case studies with tens of wells, both onshore and offshore, covering a wide range of well designs and subsurface settings. The overall goal was to test and demonstrate the evaluation process, identify remediation activities and providing a high-level cost benefit analysis. The tool has recently been applied successfully in the Middle East region for one of the national oil companies, showcasing the assessment framework and identifying potential remediation activities to safely convert a selection of wells into CO2 injectors. The tool development is supplemented by experimental research focused on well cement integrity due to its role as a well barrier element. The emphasis is on mechanical and chemical degradations and damage processes on well barrier elements, including investigation of novel self-healing and active remediation measures. In addition, state-of-the-art research on the conditions of well materials expected in CO2 injection wells have been described, providing recommendations for material selection in a CO2 CCUS storage setting. Lastly, the project evaluated the regulatory and environmental frameworks, permit requirements and social perspectives related to re-using existing oil and gas wells for CO2 storage. All aspects (technical & non-technical) have been integrated in a final set of recommendations to provide insights into the factors that need to be addressed when considering existing wells for re-use in CO2 storage operations.
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Huan, Qi, Li Yiqiang, Mohammed A. Samba, Sun Yu, and Liu Tong. "Multi-Round Development of Underground Gas Storage Converted from Depleted Oil Reservoirs: Physical Properties Changes and Capacity Expansion." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0039.
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ABSTRACT This study analyzed the physical properties changes for natural cores under combined effects of alternating stress and multiple rounds of gas flushing. Full-diameter cores were selected to mimic the development history of the actual reservoir and the entire process of transforming the UGS development. In addition, different gas injection and production methods in UGS operation were designed to compare the difference in the effect of expansion and enhanced oil recovery rate. The results show that the multiple rounds of gas flushing resulted in fine migration and fracture formation, which improves the physical properties of the reservoir, and helps to improve the gas seepage and the capacity expansion. According to the characteristics of oil recovery and gas storage, the process of UGS operation can be divided into two stages, the cooperation stage and the gas storage stage. The change from gas injected and produced in a small volume at the beginning of UGS construction and then gradually shifting to a large volume is more helpful for reservoir expansion, and the ability to enhance the recovery rate of the reservoir during the development of UGS is also stronger. INTRODUCTION Underground gas storage (UGS) has attracted worldwide attention for its benefits in terms of sufficient peak shaving capacity, energy security reserve, low cost, and high safety factor through regular storage and redevelopment of energy-based gases (Guo et al., 2006; Evans and Chadwick, 2009; Eren and Polat, 2020; Mazarei et al., 2019). In recent years, a new type of gas storage construction idea has been proposed, which is to effectively combine the oil injection process, especially the Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) method, with the gas storage process to form an integrated oil injection and gas storage construction method, which can make full use of the completed infrastructure to smoothly transition to the production conversion stage and significantly save economic investment, both the oil development and gas storage stages will benefit from it (Jiang et al., 2021). The integrated construction method can be achieved in the following ways. Firstly, GAGD can first be applied in the early or late development stage of the reservoir, based on gravity segregation, miscibility, viscosity reduction, and other mechanisms to enhance the recovery rate further, gas continuously drives the fluid to make full use of the pore space for gas storage. After the formation of a certain amount of secondary gas cap and the production of gas-oil ratio is relatively high, part of the wells should be gradually closed in order to adjust the gas injection and development method to the operation of the gas storage reservoir for transformation. In this process, some crude oil will be developed with the operation of the UGS, which could improve the ultimate recovery rate of the reservoir until the reservoir reaches capacity and production. This type of UGS is usually called the oil reservoir-type UGS (Tang et al., 2021; Zhu et al., 2021; Liu, 2021).
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Walker, Andy, Alicen Kandt, and Donna Heimiller. "Wave Power for U.S. Coast Guard First District Lighthouses." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76105.
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Lighthouses and other navigational aids are situated near tumultuous seas and thus may be good candidates for early applications of wave energy conversion technologies. The U.S. Coast Guard First District is converting lighthouses’ electrical systems to solar power to divest itself of electrical submarine cables and overhead costs associated with cable maintenance. However, in some lighthouses solar conversion is impractical or may compromise historic preservation. Unless alternative energy sources become available for these locations, they will continue to use submarine cables to run on shore power. Lighthouse sites for which shoreline and wave characteristics are suitable would be good candidates for a wave energy demonstration project. This paper describes gravity wave physics and the characteristics of mechanical radiation (growth, propagation, diffraction, and shoaling). A simple expression for energy content of a wave train with a two-parameter Bretschneider spectrum is applied to spectral wave density data collected from 15 buoys to evaluate wave energy resource potential at 31 candidate lighthouse sites in New England. Annual average wave power per meter of wavecrest varied from 3.9 to 21.7 kW/m at the buoys, and from 3.9 to 9.2 kW/m (with an average of 5.0 kW/m) at the lighthouses (buoys with maximum wave power are far out to sea, but still influence the correlation). The performance characteristics of two types of wave energy conversion technologies are used to calculate annual energy delivery by way of example. The paper concludes with a discussion of economics and environmental and permitting issues. It identifies Seguin Island light off a point in Maine and Nauset Beach, Chatham, Nantucket, and Sankaty Head lights (on Nantucket Island and along the outer shore of Cape Cod) as the best sites to begin more detailed evaluations, based on a comparison of wave power and utility rates. Subsequent studies would include demand profile for lighthouses, supply profiles, and resulting storage requirements.
Reports on the topic "Economic conversion – history"
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The Competitive Advantage of Nations: A Successful Experience, Realigning the Strategy to Transform the Economic and Social Development of the Basque Country. Universidad de Deusto, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/xiqr3861.
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Why do the new economy and welfare societies recommend a new station on the long journey towards competitiveness initiated within the framework of “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”, published as long as 25 years ago? A little more than twenty-five years ago, the Basque Country decided to equip itself with its own development strategy, undertaking to meet the challenge of designing its own future. The Basque Country aspired to give itself the maximum degree of self-government as a nation without a State, following its release from a long dictatorship which had plunged it into autarchy and isolation from the Western democracies around it, limiting its ability and responsibility to shape its own destiny and to offer its Society the highest standards of welfare, facing one of the greatest economic, political and social crises of its history and suffering from the ravages of terrorism within an economy castigated by soaring unemployment above 25%, a drop in its GDP, the fall, like dominoes, of its key industrial sectors, locked into the monoculture of the steel and metal working industry, outside the Europe which was being constructed by the then Economic Community of the Six, marginalized as a peripheral area from the future axis and development of the so-called “blue banana” of the London-Milan backbone and with an incipient and inexperienced administration, full of youth and enthusiasm, and a business world undergoing conversion, learning to live with a trade union phenomenon that the former dictatorship had bypassed. Faced with this complex and exciting challenge, those of us who had the privilege of addressing the aforementioned proposal, interpreting (by means of our analyses, as well as the wish to make our desires and dreams come true) the main keys to explain the state of the world economy, the main trends of change and their foreseeable impact on the Basque economy (“What the world economy taught us”), began the task of defining what we call “A strategy for the modernization and internationalization of our economy and our Country” trying to give some meaning to the role expected of the new players (States, city-regions, provinces, etc.), a role in which our small Country, with features of a City-Region, a sub-national entity, an invertebrate area on the two sides of the Pyrenees, could assume the figure of co-protagonist and provide society with a prosperous future. We also needed the framework and tools desirable for tackling the success strategy. We identified the gap between the needs that would be generated by the new paradigms and the tools offered by the existing political-economic framework (contents, skills, potential developments), accompanied by our own Country-strategy, with special emphasis on the initiatives, factors and critical vectors our society would demand and its aspirations for well-being and development. Within this context, the Basque Government approached Michael E. Porter, his ideas and concepts of the moment, and we began a collaborative process (which lasts until this day), constructing much more than our “Competitive Advantage of the Basque Country” in a thrilling and unfinished “Journey towards Competitiveness and Prosperity”. The Basque Country enjoys the privilege of having been the first nation to apply, in a strategic and comprehensive manner, the concepts which, a few years later, came to light in the prestigious publication we celebrate today, titled “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”, which has inspired the design of numerous policies and strategies throughout the world, which has brought about a proliferation of followers, which has trained instructors and which has generated a large number of new researchers and academics, new policy makers, new instruments for competitiveness and extraordinary levels of prosperity throughout the world. Since then, we have shared our own particular project which, alive and changing, responds to the new economic and social challenges and conflicts by constructing and applying a Country strategy with distinctive achievements and results beyond our economic environment. It lies within the conceptual framework inspired by the complementary tripod of Michael E. Porter's conceptual movement in his Competitive Advantage (Competitiveness, Shared Value Initiative and Social Progress) and our contributions learned from day to day in keeping with our vocation, identity, will and commitment. It is a never-ending process based on a model and a way of understanding the former pledge to give ourselves a single strategy designed by and for people.