Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economic assistance Vietnam

Academic literature on the topic 'Economic assistance Vietnam'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Economic assistance Vietnam"

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Path, Kosal. "China's Economic Sanctions against Vietnam, 1975–1978." China Quarterly 212 (December 2012): 1040–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741012001245.

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AbstractThis article carries a two-fold argument. First, Beijing's economic sanctions against Vietnam during the period 1975–1978 were mainly motivated by its desire to punish Vietnam for an anti-China policy that smacked of ingratitude for the latter's past assistance, fuelled further by Hanoi's closer relations with Moscow. They were also designed to extract Hanoi's accommodation of China's demand for territorial boundary concessions and to halt the persecution of ethnic Chinese residents in Vietnam. Second, the resultant meltdown of Sino-Vietnamese relations, as well as the making of the Soviet-Vietnamese alliance between 1975 and 1978, was gradual and contentious rather than swift and decisive as most existing studies contend. Hanoi's reluctance to forge a formal military alliance with the faraway Soviet Union against China was largely driven by the importance of China's remaining aid and economic potential to Vietnam's post-war economic reconstruction and the uncertainty of the Soviet commitment to aid Vietnam.
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PRYPIK, Yevhen. "THE MAIN TRENDS OF VIETNAM - JAPAN COOPERATION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF BILATERAL STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP." Skhid, no. 2(3) (December 27, 2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2021.2(3).247249.

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The article examines the process of formation and development of the comprehensive political and trade and economic cooperation between Japan and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam since 1973, when diplomatic relations were established between the two countries, and then received a new impetus after Vietnam started the market reforms in 1986 and commenced the renewal policy (in Vietnamese – “Đổi Mới”). In 2009, Japan and Vietnam decided to raise the bilateral relations to the level of strategic partnership for the common interests of both countries. In 2010, as part of the official visit of the Prime Minister of Japan to Vietnam, a Joint Declaration on strategic cooperation for peace and prosperity in Asia was adopted.The article focuses on cooperation between the two countries in the framework of international and regional organizations, in particular in the framework of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, as well as in the framework of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, in which Japan and ASEAN member states participate. In recent decades Japan has been one of Vietnam’s main foreign economic partners and the second largest investor into Vietnamese economy. At the same time, Japan is the largest sponsor of Vietnam through the Official development assistance program (ODA), actively assisting Vietnam in implementing its national strategy of industrialization and modernization under the framework agreement on cooperation between Vietnam and Japan until 2020 with the prospect of 2030. Besides, the article discusses and analyzes the largest joint projects implemented in Vietnam with the technical and financial assistance from Japan.
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Lezhenina, Tatiana V. "INVESTMENT COOPERATION OF VIETNAM WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES, INCLUDING RUSSIA AT TRANSITION TO THE NEW HIGH-TECH MODEL OF ECONOMICS IN THE XXI CENTURY." SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. SERIES 1. ECONOMICS AND LAW, no. 1-2 (2020): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2020-1-2-10.

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In the 21st century, a breakthrough in the global economy has come to transition to a new stage in the development of high technologies in the economy, social environment and strengthening the ties between countries along the path to new progress and cooperation. Vietnam has already emerged from the state of a medium-developed economy and gained experience for the transition to a highly developed economy, using the best practices and knowledge of the USA, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and China. Vietnam’s interaction with Russia has grown, using its experience in introducing into the economy and life new methods of using and transmitting information of universal scale and significance. For Vietnam, the transition to a new economic model will provide foreign direct investment, especially from highly developed countries. Tasks . Explore the factors and conditions of Vietnam's transition to a new economic model. Methodology. The methods of scientific knowledge of the main features and characteristics of the transition to a new high-tech model in the XXI century are used. Results. The high volume of Vietnam’s trade relations with highly developed countries of the world is proved, as one of the decisive factors for accumulating the resources for the transition to a new model, FDI received in Vietnam in the first two decades of the 21st century, its volume structure, investing countries, FDI, etc. are considered. Conclusions. Vietnam was able in a short historical time, passing the warriors and American aggression to create a solid foundation for the transition to a highly developed country in Southeast Asia. Vietnam received considerable assistance during this transition period from Russia.
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Jeníček, V., and V. Krepl. "Development assistance ." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 5 (February 17, 2012): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5018-agricecon.

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Development assistance achieved remarkable success in different periods. For example, Botswana and South Korea reached the great development in the 60s after very bad situation, Indonesia in the 70s, Bolivia and Ghana at the end of the 80s, Uganda and Vietnam in the 90s. In these countries development assistance played important role in economic transformation in formulation of the development of politics. The development assistance contributed educational programs and financially supported the development of public sector. The “Green Revolution” – by means of innovations in agriculture, investments and political changes – improved the live conditions of millions people thanks to the collaboration of many bilateral and multilateral donors. But there are some failures with the foreign aide. While the formed dictator of Zaire Mobutu Sese Seko became one of the richest people in the world (and invested his property in abroad), the development assistance did not stop for many years, Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo) is only one example of the situation, where the permanent flows of assistance ignore or support the corruption and in suitable politics of governments. Tanzania received two milliards dollars for building the roads destiny the twenty years. But the roads were destroyed sooner, than the works could be finished because of insufficient maintenance.  The study of World Bank brings the conclusions of the new conception of the development assistance: financial assistance works only in suitable political world; the lowering of poverty is possible only with working institutions – political and economic; effective assistance complete the private investments; receiving country is obliged to have public sector in function; the function of public sector is developing on the activity of civil society; patience and good ideas, not only money, can help to reforms in very unfavorable conditions. 
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Nguyen, Quoc Hunga, and T. V. Lezhenina. "Economic Models of Mongolia and Vietnam: Common and Distinctive Features." Economics and Management 26, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2020-1-16-22.

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New economic models began to develop in Mongolia and Vietnam after the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), when former Soviet republics formed the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Further development after the USSR’s dissolution was especially difficult for Mongolia, which almost entirely relied on the economic aid from the USSR. The US and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) immediately took advantage of the crisis in Mongolia. They offered tranches to Mongolia under the condition of complete democratization of political power and establishment of market-based development institutions within the framework of a standby arrangement. Vietnam embarked on a course of destroying the socialist model in 1986, i.e. before the USSR’s collapse, and its transition to a market economy was peculiar, yet significantly different from Mongolia’s.Aim. The presented study aims to examine the benefits and drawbacks of the economic models of Vietnam and Mongolia as well as their common and distinctive features.Methods. The study uses general methods of analyzing the international experience of transforming economic models.Results. The authors prove the efficiency of the current Mongolian and Vietnamese models in the context of global instability and crises. Emergence of new, highly efficient technological paradigms and absence of internal political protests in Mongolia and Vietnam ensure economic sustainability and high growth rate. Russia’s military aid to these countries also plays an important role.Conclusions. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mongolia received substantial assistance from the United States and was able to maintain state independence and develop its economy under the market conditions of economic activity. Relying on cooperation with Russia and China, in the 21st century Mongolia engaged in the processes of integration in the Asia-Pacific region (APR). The Vietnamese model was forming during the country’s participation in the ASEAN free trade zone and cooperation with the developed economies of Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States. Unlike Mongolia, Vietnam retained full political leadership of the Communist party, the unity of its people, and support for the development of market economy. In confronting difficult challenges, Vietnam receives assistance from the Donor Club.
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Kuok, Hung Nguyen. "COOPERATION OF RUSSIA WITH VIETNAM." SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. SERIES 1. ECONOMICS AND LAW, no. 1-2 (2020): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2020-1-2-09.

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Russia is developing cooperation with Vietnam in the format of a comprehensive strategic partnership and in conditions of mutual understanding and trust of the heads of state. Military and economic cooperation began in 1946 during the first Indochina war, strengthened and expanded in 1966-1973. during the Second Indochina war. Vietnam received tremendous help in rebuilding the national economy and industrialization from the USSR until its collapse in 1991. Restructuring in post-Soviet Russia affected the sharp reduction in military assistance and economic relations with Vietnam. In the XXI century, the rapid development of Russian-Vietnamese cooperation began as part of the RF’s strategy for the “return to Asia” brand. Tasks. Explore the current trends in relations between Russia and Vietnam in the face of global instability, new threats and challenges of the XXI century. Methodology. The use of scientific methods of cognition and study of factors affecting interstate relations. Results. The results of military-technical cooperation and trade are analyzed. Personal participation of the President of the Russian Federation in the restoration of a comprehensive strategic partnership. Conclusions. Vietnam, relying on Russia, successfully solves economic problems and has a reliable military shield to repel any aggression in the turbulent and explosive atmosphere of confrontation with China due to the military conflict in the South China Sea.
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Vardomskiy, Leonid. "Vietnam and Russia: Mutual Economic Cooperation in Changing Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Conditions." Spatial Economics 18, no. 4 (2022): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2022.4.181-200.

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The issues of mutual economic relations between Vietnam and Russia (SRV) in the context of global transformations are studied. In Soviet times, it was based on technical and financial assistance to the USSR, which was determined by ideological proximity and geopolitical interests. Market transit and the orientation of the new Russia to the West sharply reduced the volume of economic interaction. In the 2000s, during the recovery growth and the transition to a multi-vector foreign policy, mutual trade relations began to grow, but they were much slower in terms of trade with regional partners. In the last decade, the role of geopolitics has increased again, and, above all, the peculiarities of relations between both countries with China and the United States. Over the years of cooperation between the SRV and the Russian Federation, an extensive system of relations at the political level has been built. But this does not create a sufficient incentive for the development of economic relations. At the level of business structures directly involved in their construction, the influence of global geopolitical processes and geo-economic conditions is felt more strongly. The situation for mutual economic ties has deteriorated greatly in the face of harsh Western sanctions. The study showed that geo-economic conditions of cooperation can be improved by developing institutions that mutually promote commercial proposals to each other’s markets and create business models for their implementation
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Dewi, Nevy Rusmarina. "Pendekatan Rational Choice Pada Reformasi Ekonomi (Doi Moi) Di Vietnam." POLITEA 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/politea.v1i2.4327.

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<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><span lang="EN-GB">The development of world globalization after the end of the Cold War made many countries in the world adapt to the changes in the existing world constellation. The countries that were most affected were those who supported the Eastern Bloc with communist ideology. Some countries in Asia with communist ideology, such as China, Vietnam, and Laos, have had to face such rapid changes in the world. The conflict between maintaining ideology by adopting the values of globalization is a very important issue. China strives not to be trapped in the entanglement of the globalization of the world by changing the pattern of thinking for the achievement of its economy through economic reform. Economic reform by opening up the economy in welcoming world free trade to take advantage of world trade, but still maintaining communist ideology is the solution for China. China's success in its economic reforms was taken into consideration for Vietnam, its communist ally, to adopt the same steps. With very bad economic conditions after the end of the Vietnam War and its limitations in carrying out reconstruction, real action was greatly needed by Vietnam amid the end of dependence on the Soviet Union. The economic reform movement through "Doi Moi" took effect since 1986 to overcome economic turmoil and efforts to carry out reconstruction reconstruction. The ideology he embraced made it a barrier for the international community to provide assistance to Vietnam. Globalization cannot be rejected because it provides an opportunity for the development and economic growth of a country.</span></p>
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Ryazantsev, Sergey V., Anh Le Duc, Hoang Phùng Huy, and Evgeniya M. Moiseeva. "Overseas vietnamese in Russia and their contributions to the promotion of bilateral relations." Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies 6, no. 3 (October 6, 2022): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54631/vs.2022.63-106318.

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This article is devoted to the formation, current position, and development prospects of the overseas Vietnamese community in Russia. The purpose of the study was to critically review the directions of work of the authorities in the interests of the Diaspora and in order to strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation between the two countries in the socio-economic, cultural, scientific, technical and political spheres. The authors relied on empirical data, including official statistics on migration from Vietnam to Russia, the main indicators of the socio-economic situation in Vietnam as the major factor of emigration, as well as research publications on the history of the Vietnamese communities formation in Russia. As the result of its analysis, we identified the main areas of cooperation between Vietnam and Russia where the Vietnamese diaspora makes a significant contribution. Accordingly, the paper proposes evidence-based policy recommendations for the government and authorities of Vietnam, which outlined several areas of work with the diaspora in Russia, namely: promoting intercultural dialogue, providing information support and legal assistance for legal migration, developing cooperation in the economy, trade, and labor, as well as joint scientific research and technology transfer.
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Yusuf, Shahid. "East Asian Cat or African Cat: Which One Is the Better Mouse Catcher?" Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies 10, no. 1-3 (January 2018): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974910118802658.

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Growth led by the export of manufactures has long served as the workhorse model for developing countries. East Asian countries that successfully adopted this strategy rapidly created an industrial base through dint of domestic investment aided by inflows of foreign capital and exploited the opportunities to trade that arose as tariff barriers and transport costs fell starting in the 1960s. Since the turn of the century, an African challenger, Ethiopia, claims to have found an alternative pathway to rapid growth that is led by agriculture and by investment in infrastructure bankrolled by financial assistance from overseas, with exports playing a negligible role. However, a comparison with Vietnam, a closely matched competitor from East Asia, shows that while Ethiopia may have achieved a high GDP growth rate, it lags far behind Vietnam, as is apparent from a host of economic and social indicators. Vietnam’s experience relative to Ethiopia’s suggests that as yet there is no viable alternative to East Asian-style export-led growth with manufacturing as the driver. The search for alternatives must continue.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic assistance Vietnam"

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Chiapponi, Chiara. "Du nanshin à la doctrine Fukuda : itinéraires de la politique étrangère japonaise (1952-1978)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010625/document.

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Au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale, avec le retour à la souveraineté, le Japon commença aussitôt à planifier la reconstruction de son économie et la création de nouveaux liens en Asie. C'est ainsi qu'il déclencha son « avancée vers le sud », à la recherche de matières premières et de marchés pour ses produits. Cependant le processus de pénétration de l'Asie du Sud-est ne fut pas seulement de nature économique mais aussi politique, et la valeur de la région dans la recherche d'une nouvelle position stratégique fut claire dans l'approche au problème indochinois, surtout après l'intensification de la guerre du Vietnam. Le Japon, désireux de contribuer de manière significative à une reconstruction régionale « après-­Vietnam », à la fin des années soixante lança une première série d'initiatives diplomatiques et de coopération dans la région entière. Ensuite les « tournants » de l'ordre bipolaire des années soixante-dix, surtout le « Nixon choc » et la chute de Saigon, ainsi qu'une majeure sensibilité vers le pays de la région, amenèrent de Tokyo à la systématisation de son approche et donc à la planification de la doctrine Fukuda. Cette première codification de la politique japonaise vers l'Asie du Sud-est est basée sur la fonction intra-régionale du Japon visant à lutter contre les tentatives hégémoniques de Pékin et Moscou et à profiter du désengagement militaire occidentale, afin de remodeler les relations avec les grandes puissances et assumer un rôle international de premier plan
In the aftermath of World War II, after Japan had regained its sovereignty, the government started immediately planning the economic recovery and the creation of new ties in Asia. Thus it launched its "southern expansion", focused on the search of raw materials and markets for Japanese products. However, the penetration in Southeast Asia was not only an economic process, but also a political one. In the search of a new strategic role, the importance of the region became evident for Tokyo when facing the Indochinese problem, especially after the intensification of the Vietnam War. With the aim to provide a significant contribution to the regional reconstruction, even more important in the perspective of a "post-Vietnam", in the late l960s Japan launched a first set of diplomatic and economic initiatives in the whole region. The "turning points" of the Cold War in the 1970s, i.e. the "Nixon shock" and the fall of Saigon, combined to a closer attention to the expectations of Southeast Asian countries, eventually led Tokyo to the systematization of its regional approach and to the definition of the Fukuda Doctrine. In this first attempt to codify its policy towards Southeast Asia, Japan conceived its intra-regional role in opposition to the hegemonic moves of Beijing and Moscow and in connection to the Western military withdraw from the region, with the ambition to reshape its relations with the Great Powers and enhance its political standing in world affairs
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Nguyen, Tuong Van. "Foreign aid and development : the case of Vietnam." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151791.

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Nguyen, Huyen Thi Phuong. "The role of Japan's official development assistance in implementing local development programs and its influence on Vietnam-Japan diplomatic relations : the case of Da Nang city." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150583.

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Due to the strategic economic role that Da Nang City plays in the development of Central Vietnam, and the advancement of the whole country of Vietnam and the Mekong Region, this city has become the main receiver and focal point of Japan's Official Development Assistance (ODA). This research analyzes the impacts of Japan's ODA projects over Vietnam's development by closely studying the ODA's experiences of Da Nang City. Two representative projects that were funded using Japan's ODA in Da Nang City were chosen as case studies to analyze the crucial role of Japan's ODA projects in the economic and social development of Da Nang City, Vietnam. Because of the importance of Japan's ODA projects in the overall development of Vietnam and in various localities, Vietnam's locality, Japan's ODA has greatly influenced the diplomatic relationships that exist between Vietnam and Japan. This research illustrates how Japan's ODA has been used in furthering the foreign policies of Vietnam and Japan and studies its impacts on the two countries' diplomatic relationships. The findings of this research have helped the author in making some recommendations on the effective handling of Japan's ODA at the local and national scales. The findings and recommendations in this study are expected to provide useful information which could help in the efficient management of ODA in Vietnam, and consequently lead to the improvement of the diplomatic relationships between Vietnam and Japan.
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Quoc-HungTrinh and 鄭國雄. "The Impact of Foreign Aid on Vietnam's Economic Development since 1990 - Official Development Assistance (ODA) as an Example." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56362553602642956727.

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碩士
國立成功大學
政治經濟學研究所
98
In the 1990s of 20th Century the socialist system in Eastern Europe had collapsed, a huge market with both opportunities and challenges opend to all countries in the world. The 21st century world economy increasingly integrated, cooperation and dialogue forums, such as springing grew up. Not only small countries wish to join the Forum, for protection, gathered together in order to avoid danger and the pressure of big countries. Big countries also actively involved in forums for national interests. In this case, how to solve the problem of poverty in poor countries, or even catch up with rich countries to accelerate economic development, is the Official Development Assistance (ODA) a god medicine to poor countries, such as the modernist interpretation of that. Or become an aid-dependent poor countries, more and more, such as dependency theory says. On the basis of this paper to discuss the situation in Vietnam, a country is considered to be successfully in used Official Development Assistance on how Official Development Assistance affected economic development. This paper investigates the Foreign Aid on economic growth in Vietnam's role, through the analysis of aid for economic infrastructure and major industry results, to clarify the Vietnam's economic growth and foreign aid if there are any close relationship, including the relationship between Foreign Aid and GDP growth, Foreign Aid and Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Aid and national savings. Study is divided into three stages, starting with the Vietnam War period since the country split into North and South Vietnam, South Vietnam dependent on the capitalist camp's aid assistance and North Vietnam to the socialist camp. The second is the period after Vietnam's unification, from 1975 to 1990, the relationship between Vietnam and China deteriorated. Vietnam offensive in Cambodia, because of the embargo by the international community Vietnam completely dependent on assistance from the Soviet Union. The third is from 1990 to the present reform policies in Vietnam and restore relations with International Aid Agencies, sources of assistance become diversified, including bilateral assistance and multilateral assistance.
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Books on the topic "Economic assistance Vietnam"

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Agency, Canadian International Development. CIDA's country development programming framework for Vietnam. [Gatineau, Qué.]: Canadian International Development Agency, 2004.

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Bui, Quoc Hung. Ėkonomicheskie reformy i mezhdunarodnai͡a︡ pomoshchʹ Vʹetnamu: 80-90-ye gody. Moskva: Rossiĭskai͡a︡ akademii͡a︡ nauk, In-t mezhdunar. ėkon. i polit. issledovaniĭ, T͡S︡entr aziatskikh issledovaniĭ, 1999.

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Foreign aid, war, and economic development: South Vietnam, 1955-1975. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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World Bank. Vietnam Country Office. Partnership toward development results: Evaluation of the Comprehensive Development Framework (CDF) : Vietnam case study. Hanoi, Vietnam: World Bank in Vietnam, 2004.

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Hoang, Manh Quan, and Chi Tien Vo. Household survey report: Unconditional cash grants in Ha Tinh, Quang Binh and Quang Tri, Vietnam. Hanoi: Plan in Vietnam, 2011.

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Hoa, Tran Van, ed. Vietnam's reforms and economic growth. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: MacMillan Press Ltd, 1997.

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International Conference on Technical and Economic Cooperation for Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Vietnam (1994 Jomtien Beach, Thailand). International Conference on Technical and Economic Cooperation for Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Vietnam, 11-13 March 1994, Jomtien Beach, Thailand: Final report. [Bangkok: The Dept., 1994.

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Göhl, Bo. Vietnam: Development of scientific research and SAREC's support, 1976-1989. [Stockholm]: SAREC, Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries, 1990.

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Jerneck, Anne. Structural adjustment, a development strategy for Vietnam?: A methodological critique of five international aid organisations' investigations of Doi Moi and Vietnam's development prospects. Lund, Sweden: Dept. of Economic History, Lund University, 1992.

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International Seminar on Poverty Alleviation and Informal Sector in Vietnam (1993 Hanoi, Vietnam). Proceeding of the International Seminar on Poverty Alleviation and Informal Sector in Vietnam, Hanoi, May 25-27,1993. [Hanoi]: Centre for Population and Human Resources Studies, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economic assistance Vietnam"

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Nguyen, Thi Vu Ha. "The Role of Official Development Assistance on the Development of Economic Infrastructure in Vietnam." In Global Changes and Sustainable Development in Asian Emerging Market Economies Vol. 1, 375–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81435-9_27.

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"Vietnam foreign assistance." In Foreign Aid, War, and Economic Development, 192–210. Cambridge University Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511572036.011.

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Kartika, Rayna. "Financial Technology Innovation - Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending in the RCEP Member States." In Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, 93–112. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815123227123010010.

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Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) aims to strengthen the economy and the free trade agreement among 10 ASEAN member states (Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) and five partner states (China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand). One of the ways to improve economic growth is to enhance the investment sector into start-ups and SMEs. Peer-to-peer lending platforms exist to ease the mechanism of funds lending and borrowing from investors to start-ups and SMEs. Currently, the rise of P2P lending, particularly in RCEP member states, has boosted the economic growth and development of technology. The government assistance in setting up the regulation regarding the mechanism of P2P lending has been carried out in order to create a clean and transparent practice of P2P lending among borrowers and lenders. Therefore, this chapter describes the introduction of RCEP member states and P2P lending and the mechanism for adopting P2P lending platforms in RCEP member states. P2P is indeed a platform that RCEP members can practice. However, the risks must be considered and addressed in order to prevent threats to their economic growth.
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Frazier, Jessica M. "Conclusion." In Women's Antiwar Diplomacy during the Vietnam War Era. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631790.003.0008.

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It seems remiss not to end a book ostensibly about the Viet Nam war with the acknowledgment that the memory of the war still divides U.S. society.1 Yet, evaluating American and Vietnamese women’s relationships leads to a different conclusion. By war’s end, women had created networks such that, despite national, social, political, and economic differences, they collaborated on terms dictated by those asking for assistance—the Vietnamese. Although these alliances did not continue in this manner, this story provides an example of women from the East and West or the Global South and Global North forming cooperative relationships against a common enemy, the U.S. government. They formed these alliances primarily for informational purposes at first, but soon the reasons on both sides for maintaining contact with one another expanded beyond these initial desires. As more and more Americans came to describe U.S. actions in Viet Nam in terms similar to those the Vietnamese used, groups of American activists identified more closely with the Vietnamese people. With this shiftcame new perspectives on U.S. society and multiple versions of feminism....
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Li, Xiaobing. "Introduction." In Building Ho's Army, 1–14. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813177946.003.0001.

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The introduction provides an outline of the book by answering four questions. The first question addresses China’s intention, strategy, and defense policy toward Vietnam in 1950. The study seeks to elucidate the origins of and changes to Chinese strategy by examining how the PRC defense policy evolved in the 1950s. The second question relates to China’s commitment to and the capacity of its military aid to Vietnam in 1950–1965, when China faced its own serious economic difficulties. The third question concerns aspects of Sino-Vietnamese military relations, including cooperation, negotiation, and conflict. China’s strategic culture can be better understood beyond the history of the Cold War since it is deeply rooted in the past. The fourth question is about current literature on the topic and sources used in the book. Due to a lack of readily available sources for Western researchers, few areas in international military history pose more difficulties than a study of Communist foreign assistance. This volume is supported by Chinese primary and secondary sources made available only in recent years.
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"11. SOME REFLECTIONS ON DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AND TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES: With Special Reference to Vietnam." In Vietnam's Dilemmas and Options, 285–307. ISEAS Publishing, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/9789814379434-014.

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Larres, Klaus. "Downward Spiral." In Uncertain Allies, 157–98. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300173192.003.0006.

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This chapter outlines the characteristics that National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger shared with William Safire, one of President Nixon's special assistants. It emphasizes how Kissinger and Safire were highly intelligent, very articulate, and held in high esteem by the president and had both worked on Nelson Rockefeller's 1964 presidential campaign. Safire became a celebrated conservative-libertarian New York Times columnist upon leaving the White House in early 1973, but his first love always remained politics. The chapter refers to Safire as one of Richard Nixon's foremost speechwriters from 1968 to 1972, composing many of the president's addresses on Vietnam and the economy. While working as a TV and radio producer and correspondent in the 1950s, Safire had become interested in national politics when he joined the campaign to draft General Dwight D. Eisenhower as a Republican presidential candidate.
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