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1
Prasetyo, Aryo Bimo, Achmad Ismail, and Muhammad Fachrie. "Uncovering motives and rivalry of China-Australia amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the Pacific region." Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 34, no. 4 (November 29, 2021): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v34i42021.395-405.
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The rivalry between China and Australia in the Pacific region shows high tension. This rivalry has increasingly intense in the form of providing assistance to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, where both countries have various motives of interest by providing the assistance. This article aims to describe the economic and political motives of China and Australia in order to provide assistance in handling COVID-19 to countries in the Pacific region. This article used a descriptive method by collecting several sources from books, journals, official documents, and scientific articles on the internet. It finds that China and Australia have economic and political-security motives from the assistance provided to countries in the Pacific region. The large natural resources in the Pacific region and its transformation into a world maritime trade route become the economic motives. The political motives for China are the principle of “One China” and a “Good Image/Perception” for China, while the political motive for Australia is strengthening Australia’s solidarity in the Pacific region. This article concludes that China’s presence in the Pacific region, which includes assistance in combatting COVID-19 and other concerns, puts China a threat to Australia, making the rivalry between the two countries is no longer inevitable.
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Garin, Artyom A. "Official Development Assistance as an Aspect of the Australia-China Competition in the South Pacific." South East Asia: Actual problems of Development, no. 4(49) (2020): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2020-3-4-49-193-205.
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Due to China's increasing involvement in South Pacific, there is a growing interest on the part of the middle and great powers in providing the Pacific island States with an increasing amount of material assistance. With its unique geographical location, as well as numerous initiatives in the humanitarian, trade, economic and defence areas, Australia's influence is reinforced by its status as the major ODA source in Oceania. At the same time, despite Australia's clear advantage in providing ODA to South Pacific states, the region is attracting an increasing number of countries aimed at providing ODA to South Pacific countries, especially China.
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Home, David. "The United States of America and Decolonization in the South Pacific Region Countries." International Journal of Science and Society 1, no. 2 (September 11, 2019): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v1i2.11.
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The purpose of this study is intended to reveal the background and influence of the United States in the South Pacific countries. The method used in this study is critical history. In analyzing data, the steps taken are steps according to Kuntowijoyo, topic selection, heuristics, verification (source criticism), interpretation, historiography. The results showed that the presence of the Soviet Union and China in the south Pacific moved the United States to pay more attention to this region, by further enhancing its role in the South Pacific Region. The role of the United States in the South Pacific Region covers the fields of economics, politics, and strategy. In the economic field, the United States provides assistance and improves their standard of living. In the political and strategic fields, the United States, together with Australia and New Zealand, which was bound by the ANZUS defense pact, tried to stem the influx of communist influence from the Soviet Union and China.
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Duran, Kevin. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 10, No. 10." International Business Research 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2017): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n10p241.
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International Business Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.International Business Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to ibr@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 10Alina Badulescu, University of Oradea, RomaniaAshford C Chea, Benedict College, USAAtallah Ahmad Alhosban, Aqaba University of Technology, JordanAurelija Burinskiene, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, LithuaniaBenjamin James Inyang, University of Calabar, NigeriaCelina Maria Olszak, University of Economics in Katowice, PolandDea’a Al-Deen Al-Sraheen, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, JordanEjindu Iwelu MacDonald Morah, University of Westminster, London, UKEva Mira Bolfíková, Univerzity of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Slovak RepublicFederica De Santis, University of Pisa , ItalyFlorin Ionita, The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, RomaniaFoued Hamouda, Ecole Supérieure de Commerce, TunisiaFrancesco Ciampi, Florence University, ItalyHanna Trojanowska, Warsaw University of Technology, PolandHerald Monis, Milagres College, IndiaHongliang Qiu, Tourism College of Zhejiang, ChinaHsiao-Ching Kuo, Washington and Jefferson College, USAHung-Che Wu, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, ChinaJoanna Katarzyna Blach, University of Economics in Katowice, PolandJorge Mongay-Hurtado, ESIC Business and Marketing School, SpainMansour Esmaeil Zaei, Panjab University, India/IranMarcelino José Jorge, Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, BrazilMaria Teresa Bianchi, University of Rome “LA SAPIENZA”, ItalyMithat Turhan, Mersin University, TurkeyMuath Eleswed, American University of Kuwait, USAPascal Stiefenhofer, University of Brighton, UKRadoslav Jankal, University of Zilina, SlovakiaRafiuddin Ahmed, James Cook University, AustraliaRoberto Campos da Rocha Miranda, University Center Iesb, BrazilRoxanne Helm Stevens, Azusa Pacific University, USASang-Bing Tsai, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, ChinaSerhii Kozlovskiy, Donetsk National University, UkraineShun Mun Helen Wong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong KongSumathisri Bhoopalan, Sastra University, IndiaVassili JOANNIDES de LAUTOUR, Grenoble École de Management (France) and Queensland University of Technology School of Accountancy (Australia), FranceVincent Grèzes, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), SwitzerlandWejdene Yangui, Institute of High Business Studies of Sfax _ Tunisia (IHEC), Tunisia
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Salem, Saber. "Chinese Foreign Aid to Fiji: Threat or Opportunity." China Report 56, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 242–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445520916875.
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China’s political, economic and cultural influence is steadily rising in Fiji and the Pacific region as a whole. The Sino–Fiji cooperation deepened at multiple levels after the Fijian military assumed power through a coup d’état and removed the civilian government from power in late 2006. This ‘undemocratic behaviour’ infuriated the two regional powers—Australia and New Zealand who then applied sanctions on Fiji, particularly the military brass, and encouraged their counterparts as well as multilateral aid organisations to ‘punish’ Fiji’s military ‘regime’. The military government in order to derail the impact of sanctions from its traditional donors adopted the ‘Look North Policy’, which was opening cooperation with China and attracting Chinese investment in Fiji. China welcomed the friendship gesture and furnished Fiji with financial assistance. This Chinese friendship was also due to Taiwanese involvement in the region, which was providing aid for diplomatic recognition and support at the UN. The ‘microstates’ hold about 7 per cent of UN votes. Both China and Taiwan need their votes at multilateral organisations and given that these microstates are mostly aid-dependent economies, initiated an era of Chequebook diplomacy, which is basically money for diplomatic recognition in the case of Taiwan or acceptance of One China Policy in the case of China. The microstates have time and again switched between China and Taiwan and played one against the other to get more aid money out of their diplomatic rivalry. The Sino–Taiwan aid competition in the Pacific forced US to make a strong comeback and ensure that China under the pretext of denying Taiwan space in the region actually spies on the US activities in the region. As a result, the US and its regional allies have significantly increased their foreign aid to the island nations in order to coax them to diminish their level of financial dependence on China. So far, they have not been successful enough and China’s aid package has gone far beyond the level US is giving. Today, China is the second largest donor to the region and largest financier to Fiji. Fiji has become the ace in this game as it is the regional hub of the Pacific Island states. Bearing the current high level of aid competition between traditional and emerging donors in mind, it is too early to judge whether Chinese aid will cause more harm to Fiji than benefit or vice versa. It also entirely depends on the Fijian government as to how much it relies on Chinese aid and how clean Chinese are with their soft loans. China has been blamed for not being clear and specific about the terms and conditions of its concessional loans. This vagueness and secrecy that is associated with Chinese aid been a cause for concern, especially among traditional donors.
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Lin, Sherry. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Higher Education Studies, Vol. 9, No. 1." Higher Education Studies 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v9n1p159.
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Higher Education Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.
Higher Education Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to hes@ccsenet.org.
Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 1
Abdelaziz Mohammed, Albaha University, Saudi Arabia
Ana-Cornelia Badea, Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, Romania
Anna Liduma, University of Latvia, Latvia
Antonina Lukenchuk, National Louis University, USA
Arbabisarjou Azizollah, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Ausra Kazlauskiene, Siauliai University, Lithuania
Barbara N. Martin, University of Central Missouri, USA
Carmen P. Mombourquette, University of Lethbridge, Canada
Deniz Ayse Yazicioglu, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Dibakar Sarangi, Teacher Education and State Council for Educational research and Training, India
Evrim Ustunluoglu, Izmir University of Economics –Izmir/Turkey, Turkey
Firouzeh Sepehrianazar, Orumieh university, Iran
Geraldine N. Hill, Elizabeth City State University, USA
Gerard Hoyne, School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Australia
Gregory S. Ching, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
Hüseyin Serçe, Selçuk University, Turkey
Jayanti Dutta, Panjab University, India
Jisun Jung, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
John Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom
John Walter Miller, Benedict College in Columbia, USA
Laid Fekih, University of Tlemcen Algeria, Algeria
Lung-Tan Lu, Fo Guang University, Taiwan, Taiwan
Mehmet Ersoy, Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technologies, Turkey
Mei Jiun Wu, Faculty of Education, University of Macau, China
Meric Ozgeldi, Mersin University, Turkey
Mirosław Kowalski, University of Zielona Góra, Poland
Nicos Souleles, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
Okedeyi Sakiru Abiodun, Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Nigeria
Philip Denton, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
Rachida Labbas, Washington State University, USA
Ranjit Kaur Gurdial Singh, The Kilmore International School, Australia
Sahar Ahadi, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Iran
Tuija A. Turunen, University of Lapland, Finland
Vasiliki Brinia, Athens University of Economic and Business, Greece
Zahra Shahsavar, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Shupyk, S. "Foreign experience in the development of dairy cattle and directions of its use in domestic practice." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 1 (155) (May 21, 2020): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2020-155-1-36-46.
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The article analyzes the support for the US market, where the government has allocated almost $ 22.2 billion for the development of dairy cattle. direct and indirect subsidies to the country's dairy sector (35.02 c/l), which is equivalent to 73% of farmers' milk sales, showed relatively high domestic support, export subsidies, conservation programs, risk management programs, disaster relief programs, loan programs, crop insurance, livestock support. Surveys to support the Indian market, which ranks second in the world in raw milk production (9.5%), have shown that almost 80% of small-scale farmers are small-scale farmers. Milk collection is carried out by 130 thousand dairy cooperatives. NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) under DEDS, provides for subsidies of up to 25% of costs. China is investing heavily in the construction of large dairy farms and livestock complexes with up to 100,000 cows. The Australian market produces 9.3 million tonnes of milk, of which 36% is exported and is the world's fourth exporter of dairy products (6% of the world market). Australia's dairy cattle are characterized by a small amount of direct government support. During 2015-2016, agriculture received financial and commercial assistance over $ 147 million. US in the form of payments to farms. It has been established that price forecasting plays an important role in regulating the milk market in Australia, on the basis of which the profile Ministry, taking into account world prices, generates milk price indices. Analysis of milk production in Switzerland has shown that it remains highly subsidized. In 2013, state support for milk producers amounted to CHF 1.8 billion, incl. direct subsidies are estimated at 1.5 billion Swiss francs, which is 61 thousand Swiss francs per dairy farm, or 0.41 Swiss francs per 1 liter of milk. The state support system for dairy cattle in Canada has been found to include the following instruments: import tariffs that restrict dairy imports; minimum guaranteed prices for raw milk that are set at the maximum amount of milk sold to the dairies within the quota; a system of direct payments to farmers for milk production within the quota. The amount of direct payments per 1 liter of milk is set annually by the government. In order to support Canadian producers in technological modernization aimed at improving the efficiency of milk production, a dairy farm investment program (DFIP) is implemented with state support of $ 250 million. USA According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in Iceland, Japan, Norway and Switzerland, the level of support for dairy producers exceeds on average 70% of the gross income of farmers, in Canada, the EU, Hungary, Korea and the USA the amount of support is 40-55%. An analysis of the support for the development of dairy cattle in the EU countries showed that the following instruments are allocated for these purposes: production restrictions (milk production quotas); government interventions and storage; Establishment of product sales regulations / regulations; the dairy package (including regulating contractual relations in the dairy sector); foreign trade (import regulations, export subsidies); government subsidies. It is found that the main factor that increases the profitability of dairy production in developed countries is the improvement of quality and differentiation of the range. Major factors contributing to the successful development of dairy cattle are increased government support and economical use of resources. Also used are a set of financial incentives, including reducing the tax burden. Key words: Livestock, milk market, domestic support, development programs, cooperation, financial incentives, subsidies, import tariffs, quotas.
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Belov, Andrey M., Dmitriy A. Bulyukin, and Lee Tong. "Soviet economic assistance to China in the 1950s." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 3 (2019): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-25-3-52-56.
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The Soviet-Chinese relations in the 1950s are considered in the article through the prism of the Soviet Union's economic help to China. The review of sources and historical literature devoted to the studied problem is provided, positions of both Russian and Chinese historians are estimated, concrete contracts and agreements between two countries are analysed. The authors come to a conclusion that what was the cornerstone of the Soviet economic help to China in the 1950s, in many respects meant the ideological reasons: what was the base of ideology of the leading parties of both countries, was Marxism-Leninism. What was a basis of the help to People's Republic of China from the Soviet Union became the aspiration to create the industry which would be modern at that time and would promote formation of the Chinese working class as the main ally of working class of the Soviet Union.
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Duran, Kevin. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 11, No. 12." International Business Research 11, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n12p157.
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International Business Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. International Business Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ibr/editor/recruitment and e-mail the completed application form to ibr@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 11, Number 12 Abderrazek Hassen Elkhaldi, University of Sousse, Tunisia Ajit Kumar Kar, Indian Metal & Ferro Alloys Ltd, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Alina Badulescu, University of Oradea, Romania Anca Gabriela Turtureanu, “DANUBIUS” University Galati, Romania Andrea Carosi, University of Sassari, Italy Andrei Buiga, “ARTIFEX University of Bucharest, Romania Antonio Usai, University of Sassari, Italy Ashford C Chea, Benedict College, USA Celina Maria Olszak, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland Chemah Tamby Chik, Universiti Teknologi Mara (Uitm), Malaysia Christos Chalyvidis, Hellenic Air Force Academy, Greece Cristian Rabanal, National University of Villa Mercedes, Argentina Duminda Kuruppuarachchi, University of Otago, New Zealand Federica Caboni, University of Cagliari, Italy Federica De Santis , University of Pisa , Italy Fevzi Esen, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Turkey Filomena Izzo, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy Florin Ionita, The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Romania Francesco Scalera, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy Georges Samara, ESADE Business School, Lebanon Giuseppe Granata, University of Cassino and Southen Lazio, Italy Hanna Trojanowska, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland Hejun Zhuang, Brandon University, Canada Imran Riaz Malik, IQRA University, Pakistan Ionela-Corina Chersan, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University from Iași, Romania Isam Saleh, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Jordan Joseph Lok-Man Lee, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Khaled Mokni, Northern Border University, Tunisia L. Leo Franklin, Bharathidasn University, India M. Muzamil Naqshbandi, University of Dubai, UAE Marcelino José Jorge, Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Maria Teresa Bianchi, University of Rome “LA SAPIENZA”, Italy Michele Rubino, Università LUM Jean Monnet, Italy Miriam Jankalová, University of Zilina, Slovakia Mohamed Abdel Rahman Salih, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia Mongi Arfaoui, University of Monastir, Tunisia Muath Eleswed, American University of Kuwait, USA Ozgur Demirtas, Turkish Air Force Academy, Turkey Prosper Senyo Koto, Dalhousie University, Canada Radoslav Jankal, University of Zilina, Slovakia Rafiuddin Ahmed, James Cook University, Australia Riaz Ahsan, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan Roxanne Helm Stevens, Azusa Pacific University, USA Sang-Bing Tsai, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China Sara Saggese, University of Naples Federico II, Italy Sumathisri Bhoopalan, SASTRA Deemed to be University, India Wejdene Yangui, Institute of High Business Studies of Sfax _ Tunisia (IHEC), Tunisia Yan Lu, University of Central Florida, USA Yasmin Tahira, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain, UAE
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Duran, Kevin. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 12, No. 3." International Business Research 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v12n3p174.
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International Business Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.
International Business Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ibr/editor/recruitment and e-mail the completed application form to ibr@ccsenet.org.
Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 3
Alireza Athari, Eastern Mediterranean University, Iran
Anca Gabriela Turtureanu, “DANUBIUS” University Galati, Romania
Andrea Carosi, University of Sassari, Italy
Anna Paola Micheli, Univrtsity of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy
Antônio André Cunha Callado, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernmabuco, Brazil
Ashford C Chea, Benedict College, USA
Bruno Marsigalia, University of Casino and Southern Lazio, Italy
Chokri Kooli, International Center for Basic Research applied, Paris, Canada
Christopher Alozie, Tansian University, Nigeria
Cristian Marian Barbu, “ARTIFEX” University, Romania
Duminda Kuruppuarachchi, University of Otago, New Zealand
Essia Ries Ahmed, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Federica Caboni, University of Cagliari, Italy
Federica De Santis, University of Pisa, Italy
Florin Ionita, The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Romania
Foued Hamouda, Ecole Supérieure de Commerce, Tunisia
Francesco Ciampi, Florence University, Italy
Francesco Scalera, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
Gianluca Ginesti, University of Naples “FEDERICO II”, Italy
Hillary Odor, University of Benin, Nigeria
Ivana Tomic, IT Company CloudTech, Republic of Serbia
Joanna Katarzyna Blach, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland
Joseph Lok-Man Lee, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Khaled Mokni, Northern Border University, Tunisia
L. Leo Franklin, Bharathidasn University, India
Ladislav Mura, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Slovakia
Leow Hon Wei, SEGi University, Malaysia
Manuel A. R. da Fonseca, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
Marcelino José Jorge, Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil
Maria do Céu Gaspar Alves, University of Beira Interior, Portugal
Maria Teresa Bianchi, University of Rome “LA SAPIENZA”, Italy
Miriam Jankalová, University of Zilina, Slovakia
Mongi Arfaoui, University of Monastir, Tunisia
Muath Eleswed, American University of Kuwait, USA
Ozgur Demirtas, Turkish Air Force Academy, Turkey
Pascal Stiefenhofer, University of Brighton, UK
Prosper Senyo Koto, Dalhousie University, Canada
Rafiuddin Ahmed, James Cook University, Australia
Razana Juhaida Johari, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
Riccardo Cimini, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
Roberto Campos da Rocha Miranda, University Center Iesb, Brazil
Sang- Bing Tsai, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
Sara Saggese, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
Shun Mun Helen Wong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Slavoljub M. Vujović, Economic Institute, Belgrade, Serbia
Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif Alabdullah, University of Basrah, Iraq
Valerija Botric, The Institute of Economics, Zagreb, Croatia
Velia Gabriella Cenciarelli, University of Pisa, Italy
Yan Lu, University of Central Florida, USA
Yasmin Tahira, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain, UAE
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Gao, Qin, and Fuhua Zhai. "Public Assistance, Economic Prospect, and Happiness in Urban China." Social Indicators Research 132, no. 1 (November 16, 2015): 451–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1174-4.
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Atkinson, Joel. "Development Assistance and Geopolitics in Australia-China-Taiwan Relations." International Studies Review 16, no. 2 (October 19, 2015): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01602001.
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The development assistance programs of Australia, China and Taiwan impact each other’s geopolitical interests in the South Pacific region. This “aid triangle” has recently undergone a significant transformation. Previously, the interests of Australia and China aligned in competing against Taiwan for political influence in the region. However, since 2008, China-Taiwan relations have warmed and their aid contest in the South Pacific has been largely put on hold. This has ameliorated Taiwan’s conflict with Australia, and the two countries have increased their development assistance cooperation. However, China’s role in undermining Australia’s policy towards Fiji, and the global deterioration in China’s relations with a US coalition (including Australia), have potentially increased the competitive aspects of the Sino-Australian side of the triangle.
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Liu, Cong, Zhendong Tian, Bingyue Sun, and Guoli Qu. "Improving Energy Efficiency in China Based on Qualitative Comparative Analysis." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 16103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316103.
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Currently, in China, the influence of energy efficiency problems on economic and social development is increasingly prominent. The factors influencing energy efficiency and improving them have become the focus of academics. In this study, the effects of allocation on technical progress, industrial structure, energy consumption structure, and economic levels of energy efficiency are discussed based on a sample of 30 provinces in China using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). The results show that three paths could simulate high energy efficiency. The first path is dominated by economic level and energy consumption structure, with the assistance of industrial structure. The second path is dominated by economic level and energy consumption structure, with the assistance of technical progress. The third path is dominated by technical progress and industrial structure, with the assistance of economic level. None of the proposed four factors were required for high energy efficiency. Path 1 and path 2 formed the second-order equivalent configuration. In most provinces, high energy efficiency is stimulated through the path dominated by technical progress and industrial structure, assisted by economic level.
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KASHINA, Evgenia V. "AUSTRALIA–CHINA RELATIONS: 1930-1937." Southeast Asia: Actual Problems of Development, no. 2(55) (2022): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2022-2-2-55-291-306.
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The article is devoted to the development of relations between the Australian Union and China in the period from 1930 to 1937. The author analyzes changes in migration and economic policy towards China and explores the views of the Australian public on the Japanese expansion in China since 1931, as well as the position of the official authorities on this issue are revealed. The growth of international contradictions in the 30s of the XX century and the degree of independence in making Australian foreign policy from the former metropolis could affect Australian-Chinese relations.
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Lin, Sherry. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Higher Education Studies, Vol. 8, No. 4." Higher Education Studies 8, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v8n4p200.
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Higher Education Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.
Higher Education Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to hes@ccsenet.org.
Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 4
Abdelaziz Mohammed, Albaha University, Saudi Arabia
Anna Liduma, University of Latvia, Latvia
Arbabisarjou Azizollah, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Bahar Gün, İzmir University of Economics, Turkey
Barba Patton, University of Houston-Victoria, USA
Edward Lehner, Bronx Community College, City University of New York, USA
Evrim Ustunluoglu, Izmir University of Economics, Turkey
Gerard Hoyne, University of Notre Dame Australia, Australia
Gregory S. Ching, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
John Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom
John Rafferty, Charles Sturt University, Australia
Kartheek R. Balapala, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
Laid Fekih, University of Tlemcen Algeria, Algeria
Mehmet Ersoy, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey
Meric Ozgeldi, Mersin University, Turkey
Michael John Maxel Okoche, Uganda Management Institute, Uganda
Mirosław Kowalski, University of Zielona Góra, Poland
Najia Sabir, Indiana University Bloomington, USA
Nancy Maynes, Nipissing University, Schulich School of Education, Canada, Canada
Philip Denton, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
Qing Xie, Jiangnan University, China
Sahar Ahadi, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Iran
Savitri Bevinakoppa, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia
Suat Capuk, Adiyaman University, Turkey
Teguh Budiharso, Center of Language and Culture Studies, Indonesia
Tuija A. Turunen, University of Lapland, Finland
Zahra Shahsavar, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Peng, Li, Qianyu Li, Wei Deng, and Ying Liu. "What Promotes Post-Earthquake Economic Recovery: The Role of Counterpart Assistance Policy After the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake, China." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211033573.
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Despite the economic statistics from recent years indicating outstanding economic recovery in disaster-affected areas after the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake, the causes of these macro-economic changes remain ambiguous. The Chinese Government set up the counterpart assistance policy to aid post-disaster reconstruction after the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake in 2008; however, whether the changes seen in the economic statistics can be attributed to this policy remains unclear. This article uses the difference-in-differences model to evaluate the effects of counterpart assistance on economic development in disaster areas. Thirty-nine severely affected counties were chosen as research objects and divided into a treatment group (18 recipient counties) and a control group (non-recipient counties). Empirical results indicate the counterpart assistance policy helped to significantly improve the real GDP and GDP growth rate per capita in the treatment group. Counterpart assistance influenced the real GDP principally by increasing investment in fixed assets, employment, urbanization level, and fiscal expenditure. The findings of this study deepen our understanding of counterpart assistance within the Chinese context.
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Kovrigin, Eugene. "Japan – China: Official Development Assistance as a Tool of Economic Interaction." Spatial Economics 3, no. 31 (2012): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2012.3.009-033.
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Zhang, Yurong, and Rusty Souleymanov. "A Qualitative Study of HIV/AIDS Social Policy Implementation in Rural Central China: Recipient Perspectives." Global Journal of Health Science 13, no. 7 (May 31, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v13n7p43.
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Social assistance policy initiatives are crucial to improve the socio-economic conditions of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Little is known about the implementation of HIV/AIDS social assistance policies in China, as well as the effects on recipients of the subsidies associated with these policies. This qualitative study examined HIV/AIDS social assistance policy implementation in rural Central China, a region heavily affected by HIV/AIDS. Using thematic analysis, we analyzed data from 15 interviews with PLWHA in Fuyang City, Anhui. The findings reveal the predominant role that social assistance policies played in mitigating the deleterious impacts of HIV/AIDS on PLWHA. These policies provided living subsidies and greatly reduced the economic burdens through medical and educational assistance plans. Our findings also highlight challenges with implementation of the policy, including access and coverage issues, inadequate subsidies, stigma, and issues related to recipients’ privacy. This study provides recommendations to improve social assistance policies that mitigate the negative impacts of HIV/AIDS on vulnerable households.
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Yadav, Arti, and Munir Hassan. "Indo-China Trade Relations." Management and Economics Research Journal 8, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2022.9900068.
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This study takes an account of the growth and development of economic ties between China and India since the inception periods. It examines the aspects that have added to the growth of this vital feature of their relationship. Further, it also highlights the obstacles, in particular to the economic relations in terms of trade scenario between the two. In addition, it provides that the future growth in economic ties of Indo-China will depend on how the two economies can effectively deal with matters such as trade inequity, border issues, lack of adequate infrastructure, market capture, and regulatory environment. These issues, if conquered, may show mounting growth in the existing degree of economic relations between the two. Therefore, strings of assistance and rivalry, both subsist at the same time.
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Howe, Christopher. "China, Japan and Economic Interdependence in the Asia Pacific Region." China Quarterly 124 (December 1990): 662–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000031441.
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China, Japan and Economic Interdependence in the Asia Pacific RegionIn expressing their gratitude for economic co-operation from Japan, Chinese leaders noted that such assistance would also be profitable to Japan in the long run. We in Japan certainly have no objection to this view. (Sakutaro Tanino, The Japan Times, 1 October 1988.)
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Luntz, Harold. "Compensation for Loss of an Economic Nature : An Australian Perspective." Dommages-intérêts / assurance 39, no. 2-3 (April 12, 2005): 491–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043501ar.
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This paper first describes briefly the scope of the no-fault motor accident schemes which operate in Australia. It then sets out and evaluates the benefits payable under each for losses of an economic nature. These are benefits for hospital, medical, nursing, rehabilitation and like needs created by injuries in a motor accident ; for informal nursing services and assistance in the home, the need for which is similarly created ; for loss of earning capacity resulting from such accidents ; and for death so resulting. It does not deal with benefits for loss of a non-economic nature, such as pain and suffering (for which, as such, compensation is not generally payable under the schemes) and impairment. It nevertheless concludes that most benefits for loss of an economic nature should be integrated with the Australian social security system and that the true role of a no-fault scheme is to compensate for permanent impairment, since there is no general disability benefit payable under the social security system.
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de Jonge, Alice. "Australia-China-Africa investment partnerships." critical perspectives on international business 12, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-01-2014-0003.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the potential for “triangular cooperation” between investment partners from Australia, China and host African nations to contribute to the economic development in Africa. Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses a number of complementarities between Australian and Chinese investors in mining, agriculture, energy, research and education and finance – sectors vital to Africa’s future development. These complementarities are examined in light of recent development studies on the benefits of triangular cooperation and recent literature examining links between foreign direct investment (FDI) policy and economic development. Findings – The paper concludes that there is much to be gained by making the most of the existing and potential synergies between Australian, Chinese and local investors in African settings. Research limitations/implications – The implications of this paper are, first, that African nations should keep the benefits of triangular cooperation in mind when designing FDI policies and, second, that Australian and Chinese investors should be more willing to explore potential investment partner synergies when investing in Africa. The paper also suggests an agenda for future research into how good design of FDI policies might best promote healthy economic development in African nations. Practical implications – Australian and Chinese companies should be more willing to explore potential avenues for cooperation when investing in Africa, while African governments should be more mindful of how rules and policies can maximise the local benefits of FDI. Social implications – African governments should be more mindful of the quality, rather than the quantity of FDI when drafting relevant laws and policies. Originality/value – The value of the paper is in applying the concept of “triangular cooperation” to direct investment. The paper also provides an original focus on Australia-China investment synergies in African settings.
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Tubilewicz, Czeslaw. "Taiwan's “Macedonian Project,” 1999–2001." China Quarterly 179 (September 2004): 782–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100400058x.
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Since 1989, Taipei has attempted to capitalize on the systemic changes in East Central Europe. It achieved its goal of winning diplomatic allies among the post-communist states only in 1999, when Macedonia recognized the Republic of China (ROC) hoping that Taipei's generosity would resolve its economic problems. In order to showcase the effectiveness of its assistance, Taipei resorted to economic diplomacy and offered Skopje loans, humanitarian and technical assistance. Yet, the Macedonian–Taiwanese partnership ended in 2001. This report will argue that Taipei failed to become a viable alternative to the People's Republic of China (PRC) as Skopje's economic and diplomatic partner because of China's clout in international affairs and its own reluctance to shower Macedonia with developmental assistance. Instead of showcasing Taiwan's ability to maintain a diplomatic ally through a pro-active economic foreign policy, the failed Macedonian project underlined the limited effectiveness of the ROC's economic diplomacy and the perennial problem of the ROC diplomacy: a successful international isolation by the PRC.
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Lever-Tracy, Constance, and David Ip. "Diaspora Capitalism and the Homeland: Australian Chinese Networks into China." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 5, no. 2 (September 1996): 239–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.5.2.239.
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This article explores two new and related phenomena of the late twentieth century that will surely play a major role in shaping the world of the twenty-first: the economic development and opening up of China, and the emergence onto the world economic stage of diaspora Chinese businesses, producing a significant, identifiably Chinese current within global capitalism. Each of these has, we believe, been crucial and perhaps indispensable to the other.
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Gibson, Lisanne. "The Arts as Industry." Media International Australia 90, no. 1 (February 1999): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9909000112.
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There is a discursive split in Australian arts policy between subvention of the arts justified in terms of ‘humanistic’ objectives and subvention of the arts justified in terms of ‘economic’ objectives. It is possible to locate the emergence of this particular split to the 1976 Industries Assistance Commission Report, Assistance to the Performing Arts. Over the last two decades, these policy objectives have been constructed as in competition. This paper traces the history of the construction of the ‘arts as industry’ in Australian arts policy. In conclusion, it queries the more recent terms in which ‘arts as industry’ policy objectives have been set as in opposition to ‘public provision’ models of arts subvention.
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YUAN, Jingdong. "Australia–China Relations at 50." East Asian Policy 14, no. 02 (April 2022): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930522000149.
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Australia–China relations are at a turning point 50 years after diplomatic recognition. While the past five decades have witnessed extensive growth in economic exchanges, in recent years, bilateral ties have experienced serious deterioration. Australia’s alliance with the United States, domestic politics—in particular the two major parties’ approaches to foreign policy—and economic interdependence are important variables in Canberra’s approach to China. There will be no exception for the incoming Australian Labor Party government to deal with these.
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Giles, John, Albert Park, and Fang Cai. "How has Economic Restructuring Affected China's Urban Workers?" China Quarterly 185 (March 2006): 61–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741006000051.
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Using data from the China Urban Labour Survey conducted in five large Chinese cities at year end 2001, we quantify the nature and magnitude of shocks to employment and worker benefits during the period of economic restructuring from 1996 to 2001, and evaluate the extent to which adversely affected urban workers had access to public and private assistance. Employment shocks were large and widespread, and were particularly hard on older workers and women. During the period of economic restructuring, unemployment reached double figures in all sample cities and labour force participation declined by 8.9 per cent. Urban residents faced modest levels of wage and pension arrears, and sharp declines in health benefits. Public assistance programmes for dislocated workers had limited coverage, with most job-leavers relying upon private assistance to support consumption, mainly from other household members.
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Ding, Junqi. "China in the World Economic Landscape - The World Significance of China's Economic Development." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 4 (November 17, 2022): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v4i.2854.
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Since the reform and opening-up in 1978, the shortcomings of the planned economic system have been gradually improved, and China's economy has been developing rapidly and has made many brilliant achievements. At the same time, with the deepening of economic globalization, China's all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging opening-up pattern has gradually taken shape, and the economic ties between the new China and the world have become increasingly close. Therefore, the continuous development of China's economy is of great significance to many aspects of the world economy and politics. This paper will analyze and discuss the importance of China's economic development to the world from three perspectives: the promotion of China's economic development to the world economy, the significance of China's increased economic strength to the stability of the world pattern, and China's economic assistance to other countries in the context of the epidemic.
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Yoshimatsu, Hidetaka. "China, Japan and the South China Sea Dispute: Pursuing Strategic Goals Through Economic and Institutional Means." Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 4, no. 3 (December 2017): 294–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347797017733821.
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This article examines the strategies employed by China and Japan in advancing their national interests in the South China Sea dispute. It argues that both China and Japan have increasingly taken advantage of economic means and formal institutions to pursue political-security goals in relation to maritime disputes in the South China Sea. While China has employed economic means as ‘carrot and stick’ to influence the diplomatic stance of Southeast Asian states, Japan has utilized foreign economic aid for strategic objectives, even revising the basic principles of its development assistance policy. Moreover, China has strengthened institutional ties with ASEAN members by focusing on infrastructure development, whereas Japan has intensified the formation of multilateral institutions by expanding the scope from maritime safety to maritime security targeting China.
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Bairagi, Ranajit Kumar. "Dynamic Impacts of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Australian Stock Market: An Intercontinental Evidence." Journal of Emerging Market Finance 21, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): 64–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09726527211069610.
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This study empirically investigates the impacts of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) of five countries from four continents on the Australian stock market with monthly observations from January 1998 to January 2021. The dynamic linkage model reports that EPUs are negatively influenced by their own lagged effect along with bidirectional volatility spillover and the returns of stock markets unidirectionally spillover to the EPU of the corresponding economy. The study documents that shocks originated in the Australian stock market spillover negatively onto its own EPU and that of China and positively onto EPUs of Europe and Japan. The shocks originated in EPUs of Australia, Europe, China, and Japan significantly negatively impact the Australian stock market. The bidirectional volatilities of EPUs can offer insight for portfolio investors in searching the possible hedging opportunities in Australia. The reported drivers of Australian EPU can be incorporated in formulating and implementing the EPU-sensitive Australian trade policies. JEL: G15, G17, G18
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WONG, CHACK KIE, and NAN SHONG PETER LEE. "Popular Belief in State Intervention for Social Protection in China." Journal of Social Policy 29, no. 1 (January 2000): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727940000581x.
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The paper starts with a brief discussion of recent developments of economic restructuring of the State Owned Enterprises in China and their related reforms in social insurance and social assistance. It then reports the findings of an attitude survey of residents in Shanghai in 1996 towards the social and economic consequences of economic reform. It reveals that, despite the fact that most people feel better off with the reforms, there is still a need for the state to play a role in social protection.
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Giovannetti, Giorgia, and Marco Sanfilippo. "China's Economic Cooperation with Africa." Journal of African Development 13, no. 1-2 (April 2011): 143–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.13.1-2.0143.
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Abstract China, still considered itself a developing country, is becoming an increasingly important ‘new’ donor for many African countries. Its own model of foreign assistance, providing aid in the form of economic cooperation based on the achievement of mutual economic benefits and on the principle of non-interference in internal political questions of the host countries, has allowed a diffuse and rapid penetration. Furthermore, China has gained considerable room and influence in countries where traditional donors have reduced their commitments or have disengaged. After reviewing the major features of Chinese aid to Africa, focusing on economic cooperation projects, the paper empirically assesses the importance of Chinese aid activities, rapidly becoming the major source of external finance for a number of politically weak and fragile African countries.
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Liu, Qianqian. "Japan’s Practice in Green Aid and Its Implications for China." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 02, no. 02 (January 2016): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740016500111.
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The ever-growing global environmental challenges require new thinking of development assistance from the international society. Since more than two decades ago, many countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) have started to deliver “green aid” which integrates environmental objectives into their assistance programs. As an OECD member and one of the world’s largest green aid providers, Japan has been recognized as a good example for other countries. Based on an in-depth analysis of the motivations, priorities, approaches as well as challenges of Japan in providing green aid, this article sums up three key lessons for the international society to learn in this regard, including: (a) enhancing technological cooperation; (b) exploring such tools as trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) in addition to traditional official development assistance (ODA) channels; and (c) engaging in closer dialogue with recipient countries to better address their demands. In view of China’s recent attempts to “green” its foreign assistance, the article further suggests some potential areas where China can be more actively engaging itself to incorporate green objectives into its aid programs.
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McKenney, Daniel W., Jeff S. Davis, John W. Turnbull, and Suzette D. Searle. "Impact of Australian tree species selection research in China: an economic perspective." Forest Ecology and Management 60, no. 1-2 (August 1993): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(93)90023-g.
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Jaleel, Sabahat, and Habibullah. "China-Pakistan Relations under CPEC." Global International Relations Review IV, no. III (September 30, 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iii).03.
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China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project was signed in 2015between Pakistan and China. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with different experts, such as intellectuals, politicians, and historians. Pakistan, being the neighboring country of China, did not miss the opportunity and responded to the call seriously and developed diplomatic relations with China in 1950. Pakistan became one of the few countries which recognized China at the earliest. For the last many decades, China has been providing military, technical, and economic assistance to the government of Pakistan. A qualitative research method has been used to achieve the research goals. This article explains how the growing investment of China establishes mutual interdependence for both countries. Since then, both countries have enjoyed the strength and perpetuity of bilateral relations.
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Young, James. "Reviewer Acknowledgements." International Journal of Social Science Studies 6, no. 2 (January 29, 2018): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i2.2960.
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International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 2 Agboola O. Paul, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MalaysiaAhmet Yıkmış, Abant Izzet Baysal Univeersity, TurkeyAmany Albert, Beni-Suef University, EgyptAnastasia Panagakos, Cosumnes River College, USAAntónio Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, PortugalBo Li, St Ambrose University, USAE.Ozan Aksoz, Anadolu University, TurkeyJehu Onyekwere Nnaji, University of Naples II, Italy and Globe Visions Network Italy, ItalyJohn Boulard Forkuor , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) , GhanaJulia M. Mack, Gannon University, USAMohammad Naji Shah Mohammadi, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaQingzhi Huan, Peking University, ChinaRasa Poceviciene, Siauliai University, LithuaniaRemigiusz Kijak, "University of Warsaw", PolandSandro Serpa, University of the Azores, PortugalShariq aziz butt, Superior University Lahore, PakistanValentina Evangelista, G. d’Annunzio University, ItalyXian-Liang Tian, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, ChinaYanzhe Zhang, Jilin University, China, China/Australia
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Alam, Ilman Nur, and Bambang Cipto. "Evaluation of China's Foreign Aid Policy to Africa through Islamic Perspective." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 9, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v9i12.4222.
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This paper focuses on the discussion of evaluating foreign aid policies implemented by China to Africa using an Islamic perspective. In practice, China has several motives in its foreign aid policy such as natural resources, political and economic motives. This study uses a qualitative approach by using literature as the source. This study found that the concept of foreign aid applied by China has a fundamental difference with the concept of aid in the Islamic perspective. The difference lies in three main things, namely the intention, form, and motive of assistance. The intention of the assistance provided by China is of interest while Islam is more on the pleasure of God. The form of aid distributed by China is material, while in Islam it is both material and non-material. The motive for the assistance carried out by China is based on the interests of natural resources, politics, and the economy, while in Islam it is more on humanism, karamah al-insan (glorifying humans), ukhwah basyariyah (solidarity).
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Fan, Eva Zhirong. "The Effect of China’s Infrastructure Assistance on Africa's Economic Transformation." BCP Business & Management 29 (October 12, 2022): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v29i.2194.
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China's growing investment is transforming the African economy. China's infrastructure aid to Africa is constantly growing and diversifying. Quality and well-developed infrastructure is crucial for expanding African economy, strengthening competitiveness, and improving African's quality of life. This article examines the impact and bottleneck restrictions of population, resources, and industrial policy on Africa's economic transition. The following section analyzes the impact of Chinese infrastructure aid on the economic transformation of Africa, including human capital, industrial clusters, and industrial upgrading. Based on panel data from 2003 to 2022, a quantitative research method analyses China-Africa investment and African economic transformation, comparing to Japan in order to better comprehend the mechanism. In conclusion, an effort is made to elucidate the rationale behind Chinese infrastructure aid and economic change in Africa, together with policy recommendations for future investment and development.
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Lin, Sherry. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Higher Education Studies, Vol. 10, No. 3." Higher Education Studies 10, no. 3 (August 30, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n3p133.
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Higher Education Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.
Higher Education Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: hes@ccsenet.org
Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 3
Arbabisarjou Azizollah, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Arwa Aleryani, Saba University, Yemen
Aurora-Adina Colomeischi, Stefan cel Mare University, Romania
Aynur Yürekli, İzmir University of Economics, Turkey
Bo Chang, Ball State University, USA
Carmen P. Mombourquette, University of Lethbridge, Canada
Evrim Ustunluoglu, Izmir University of Economics, Turkey
Ezgi Pelin Yildiz, Kafkas University in KARS, Turkey
Huda Fadhil Halawachy, University of Mosul, Iraq
Hüseyin Serçe, Selçuk University, Turkey
Jayanti Dutta, Panjab University, India
John Rafferty, Charles Sturt University, Australia
John W. Miller, Benedict College, USA
Kartheek R. Balapala, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
Mei Jiun Wu, Faculty of Education, University of Macau, China
Meric Ozgeldi, Mersin University, Turkey
Minna Körkkö, Unversity of Lapland, Finland
Mirosław Kowalski, University of Zielona Góra, Poland
Muhammad Ishtiaq Ishaq, Global Institute Lahore, Pakistan
Nayereh Shahmohammadi, Academic Staff, Iran
Oktavian Mantiri, Asia-Pacific International University, Thailand
Qing Xie, Jiangnan University, China
Rouhollah Khodabandelou, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
Saheed Ahmad Rufai, Lagos State University, Nigeria
Salwa El-Sobkey, Modern University for Technology and Information, Egypt
Savitri Bevinakoppa, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia
Waldiney Mello, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Yvonne Joyce Moogan, Leeds University Business School, United Kingdom
Zahra Shahsavar, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Muhammad Faisal. "Impact of Geo-economics on Pak-China Strategic Relations." Strategic Studies 38, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.038.01.00162.
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Geo-economics is becoming an integral component of inter-state relations. States are employing economic instruments to project their power, thus, redefining their traditional relations with other states. Pakistan and China view each other as strategic partners. Over the decades, China has extended considerable economic, military and technical assistance to Pakistan. As both neighbours expand their economic relationship through infrastructure development and trade corridors, including the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), such cooperation will directly interact with their existing strategic partnership. Beijing and Islamabad have been pursuing their geo-strategic interests in a framework that is progressively being shaped by geo-economics. The Chinese role and interests, in shaping the regional security order, are increasing. Geo-economic instruments are being employed to achieve geo-strategic objectives in a region, which is already marked by conflict and instability. This study explores how expanding economic relationship between Beijing and Islamabad will influence the bilateral strategic engagement, and in turn, impact the dynamics of the regional security.
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Kharel, Khom Raj, Yadav Mani Upadhyay, and Suman Kharel. "Nepal-China Bilateral Economic Cooperation Empowering Nepalese Economy." Patan Pragya 9, no. 02 (December 31, 2021): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v9i02.42031.
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Bilateral economic cooperation is one of means for improving economic, social and political relations between two countries. Nepal and China have been enjoying good neighborly respects and benefit since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1955. Both countries behave a good neighborhood relations and enjoyed fruitful bilateral cooperation and mutual support and following the social and economic development activities by exchanging cooperation in the areas of trade, tourism, investment and connectivity, building human capital and infrastructure and deepening people to people relations is at the center of Nepal-China bilateral relations. Within Nepal and China, there are marvelous possibilities promoting socio-economic transformation and raising the living standard of people through the mutual cooperation in the areas of mutual interest. Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is of great significance for Nepal and China. The present study is conducted with the aim of examining the economic impact of bilateral economic cooperation between Nepal and China. The impact of bilateral cooperation with China in Nepalese economy has been analyzed in terms of FDI flows, trade between Nepal, China and economic assistance from China to Nepal and tourists arrivals from China over the period of 2000-2019 by applying simple statistical tools and simple linear regression model. The results show that there have been positive influences on Nepalese economy with bilateral economic cooperation of China.
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Garin, Artyom. "THE FEATURES OF MODERN SINO-AUSTRALIAN TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATION IN THE CONTEXT OF CHANGING ASIA-PACIFIC." Eastern Analytics, no. 2 (2021): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2021-02-032-042.
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Australia successfully combines a unique geopolitical position in the Asia- Pacific, as well as economic potential. At the same time, the emerging trade dependence of the Fifth Continent on the People’s Republic of China (PRC) is increasingly affecting Canberra’s foreign policy year by year. The aggravation of Sino- U.S. relations has also led to tension between Australia and China. In 2020, the world faced the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused negative impacts on the global economy, and trade tensions began between the two states. In early 2021 Beijng also suspended all activity under the China- Australia Strategic Economic Dialogue for an indefinite period. All these events give the research of trade and economic relations between Australia and the PRC a great practical focus, including allowing us to more specifically identify the degree of dependence of the economy of the Fifth Continent on the situation in China or the degree of Sino- Australian relation. This article examines the consequences of the suspension China- Australia Strategic Economic Dialogue, in particular, its impact on the future prospects for the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the two countries. Special attention is paid to the impact of China’s economic growth rates on the Australian economy. At the same time, the author aggregates the trade and economic strategies of Australia as a middle power, considering Canberra’s response to the transformation of the regional architecture in the Asia- Pacific. The provisions and conclusions presented in this article are based on the study of the works of leading international researchers specializing in foreign policy and economic issues of Australia, as well as Sino- Australian relations.
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Temple, Jeromey, Sue Booth, and Christina Pollard. "Social Assistance Payments and Food Insecurity in Australia: Evidence from the Household Expenditure Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 4, 2019): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030455.
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It is widely understood that households with low economic resources and poor labourmarket attachment are at considerable risk of food insecurity in Australia. However, little is knownabout variations in food insecurity by receipt of specific classes of social assistance payments thatare made through the social security system. Using newly released data from the 2016 HouseholdExpenditure Survey, this paper reports on variations in food insecurity prevalence across a range ofpayment types. We further investigated measures of financial wellbeing reported by food-insecurehouseholds in receipt of social assistance payments. Results showed that individuals in receiptof Newstart allowance (11%), Austudy/Abstudy (14%), the Disability Support Pension (12%),the Carer Payment (11%) and the Parenting Payment (9%) were at significantly higher risk of foodinsecurity compared to those in receipt of the Age Pension (<1%) or no payment at all (1.3%). Resultsfurther indicated that food-insecure households in receipt of social assistance payments enduredsignificant financial stress, with a large proportion co-currently experiencing “fuel” or “energy”poverty. Our results support calls by a range of Australian non-government organisations, politicians,and academics for a comprehensive review of the Australian social security system
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Yang, Lichao, Robert Walker, and Jian Xie. "Shame, Face and Social Relations in Northern China: Ramifications for Social Assistance Provision." China Quarterly 243 (October 18, 2019): 655–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741019001255.
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AbstractWhile it is increasingly recognized that shame is a pernicious component of the experience of poverty, the stigma generally associated with social assistance provision is less marked with respect to China's Minimum Living Security System, also known as dibao. This enigma is explored and illuminated drawing on two streams of indigenous Chinese scholarship and qualitative fieldwork in eight villages in Shanxi province. Economic and political changes prioritizing economic growth and individual wealth have increased the shame associated with poverty, manifest as loss of face, low mian (status) and lack of lian (integrity). However, this shame does not transfer to dibao because the scheme has been transformed locally into a universal age supplement that partially fulfils the demands of filial piety and which is seen to reflect and contribute to guanxi (social influence).
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Fernando, Sithara N. "China’s Relations with Sri Lanka and the Maldives." China Report 46, no. 3 (August 2010): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944551104600309.
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China’s contemporary relations with both Sri Lanka and the Maldives have been described as ‘models of good relations between small and big countries’. China has been an important trading partner for Sri Lanka, with a large and growing trade surplus in China’s favour in the last few years. At the same time it has also been a significant source of investment and foreign economic assistance to Sri Lanka. Similarly, while China enjoys a large surplus in its trade with the Maldives as well, it is also a significant source of economic assistance and tourism for the Maldives. Given that India is in many ways the preeminent power in South Asia, China’s relations with Sri Lanka and the Maldives in the South Asian regional context have been analysed in terms of two ‘strategic triangles’: China–India–Sri Lanka and China–India–Maldives. What emerges from this analysis is that the sustenance of the cooperative momentum in the China-India relationship is crucial to the improvement of China’s relations with South Asia as a whole.
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Candrawiranatakusuma, Sigit, and Jefferson Winata Bachtiar. "Lao People's Democratic Republic's Dependency on China's Infrastructure Assistance." International Journal of East Asian Studies 9, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ijeas.vol9no1.2.
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Despite an acrimonious history, being involved in the second and third Indochina War, in the past few years, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) seems to have deepened its relations with China. The improvement of friendly bilateral ties between Beijing and Vientiane can be observed by the evidence of China as the largest foreign investor in the country. On one hand, Lao PDR’s struggle to improve its economic its landlocked geography and the need for infrastructure assistance naturally makes the country lean more towards China. On the other hand, Beijing needs Lao PDR’s geographical advantages to complete the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) project. The objective of this paper is to analyze the evolving relationship between China and Lao PDR within the context of the BRI. This paper concludes that both parties have developed a complex interdependent relationship with China attempting to establish a solid geo-economics system while trying to assert its position in a structural power system. The act of assertion is supported by its foreign policy that is predicted to be utilized to cajole Southeast Asia countries to be part of a community of common destiny under the leadership of Beijing.
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Beletskaya, Maria. "Changes in international development aid policy: from Trump to Biden." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 6 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760023425-4.
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International development assistance is an integral part of the foreign economic and foreign policy activities of the US government. International aid is one of the largest components of US foreign relations spending and is regarded by many members of Congress as one of the most important foreign policy instruments. However, many US citizens and members of Congress feel that the US cannot afford such international aid spending, given the current budget deficit and competing budgetary priorities. As one of the largest donors of international development aid, the United States is of considerable interest to many researchers, including those who study trends in the polarization of attitudes toward foreign policy, including international aid. This article is devoted to the current US policy in the field of international development cooperation at the beginning of the presidency of Joe Biden. It examines the economic component of US government assistance: the total amount of US economic assistance, as well as the structure of international aid spending and country priorities for US economic assistance, are considered. An assessment of the prospects for US assistance is presented based on an analysis of the Joint Strategic Plan of the State Department and the Agency for International Assistance 2022-2026 and the US National Security Strategy 2022. Despite the stability and relative inertia of the international aid system, one can observe an increase in US interest in development assistance after the transition of power to President Biden, including in the context of competition with China.
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Micah, Angela E., Yingxi Zhao, Catherine S. Chen, Bianca S. Zlavog, Golsum Tsakalos, Abigail Chapin, Stephen Gloyd, et al. "Tracking development assistance for health from China, 2007–2017." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 5 (October 2019): e001513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001513.
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IntroductionIn recent years, China has increased its international engagement in health. Nonetheless, the lack of data on contributions has limited efforts to examine contributions from China. Existing estimates that track development assistance for health (DAH) from China have relied primarily on one dataset. Furthermore, little is known about the disbursing agencies especially the multilaterals through which contributions are disbursed and how these are changing across time. In this study, we generated estimates of DAH from China from 2007 through 2017 and disaggregated those estimates by disbursing agency and health focus area.MethodsWe identified the major government agencies providing DAH. To estimate DAH provided by each agency, we leveraged publicly available development assistance data in government agencies’ budgets and financial accounts, as well as revenue statements from key international development agencies such as the WHO. We reported trends in DAH from China, disaggregated contributions by disbursing bilateral and multilateral agencies, and compared DAH from China with other traditional donors. We also compared these estimates with existing estimates.ResultsDAH provided by China grew dramatically, from US$323.1 million in 2007 to $652.3 million in 2017. During this period, 91.8% of DAH from China was disbursed through its bilateral agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce ($3.7 billion, 64.1%) and the National Health Commission ($917.1 million, 16.1%); the other 8.2% was disbursed through multilateral agencies including the WHO ($236.5 million, 4.1%) and the World Bank ($123.1 million, 2.2%). Relative to its level of economic development, China provided substantially more DAH than would be expected. However, relative to population size and government spending, China’s contributions are modest.ConclusionIn the current context of plateauing in the growth rate of DAH contributions, China has the potential to contribute to future global health financing, especially financing for health system strengthening.
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Rahmat, Hayatul Khairul, Rizkia Mutiara Ramadhani, Nurbaiti Ma'rufah, Fitri Andrianti Indah Gustaman, Siswo Hadi Sumantri, and Agus Adriyanto. "BANTUAN CHINA BERUPA ALAT UJI CEPAT COVID-19 KEPADA FILIPINA: PERSPEKTIF DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL LOBBYING THEORY." Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Sosial 30, no. 1 (June 18, 2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jpis.v30i1.10623.
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This article aims to explain the objectives to be achieved by China related to the assistance give to the Philippines and the response that the Philippines should have done in responding. This paper used the literature study method with a descriptive approach. As for the findings of this paper, related to the theory of diplomacy and international lobbying, assistance provided by China to the Philippines is a tool used to achieve China's own interests and will have an influence on subsequent policy makers regarding maritime conflicts between China and the Philippines. Steps that needed to be taken by the Philippines are to maintain diplomatic relations with China, especially in the economic field because the Philippines economy is strongly supported by China and also strengthen its territorial defense and increase Philippine intelligence activities.
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Wu, Maoguo, and Yue Yu. "The Impact of Australian Consumer Price Index on the Exchange Rate of Australian Dollar - Chinese Renminbi." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 22 (August 31, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n22p12.
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This paper investigates the impact of Australian consumer price index on Australian dollar - Chinese renminbi exchange rate. As two major economies in Asia Pacific, China and Australia are conducting ever-increasing volume of economic transactions. Massive Chinese investment, particularly in properties, has caused steady increase in Australian consumer price index and the exchange rate of Australian dollar - Chinese renminbi. Recent slowdown of Chinese economic growth and Chinese investment in Australia caused both Australian consumer price index and the exchange rate of Australian dollar - Chinese renminbi to fall significantly. This paper utilizes data from May 2005 to January 2016 and empirically tests the relation between Australian consumer price index and the exchange rate of Australian dollar - Chinese renminbi. In compliance with classical theories of exchange rates, empirical results find that a negative relation exists between Australian consumer price index and the exchange rate of Australian dollar - Chinese renminbi.