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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic and Social status of elderly women'
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1
Lohvynenko, I. A., and Ye S. Lohvynenko. "Social status of women in Ancient Sparta." Law and Safety 91, no. 4 (December 25, 2023): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2023.4.09.
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The factors that determined the peculiarities of the social status of women in Ancient Sparta have been identified and analysed. It has been demonstrated that the establishment of community control over private life, namely: strict regulation of marriage and family relations, the compulsory nature of specific general education, which started for girls at the age of eight and lasted until marriage, determined that the national interests of women became a priority and dominated family values. It has been found that in Sparta, as in other polities of ancient Greece, childbearing was considered the most important function of women, as the offspring were to continue family traditions and take care of their elderly parents, conduct religious rites, etc. Only male children were seen as future citizens and defenders of the polis. In Lacedaemon, motherhood acquired a more accentuated meaning and was understood as service to the state. It became the basis of marriage and family relations, where polyandry was perceived as the norm. The Spartan woman was socially active. She was a direct participant in religious festivals and rituals, sports competitions. She publicly ridiculed the bachelors and cowards. If her own son turned out to be a coward, she could kill him herself. A mother did not bear any legal responsibility for the murder of a cowardly son. The economic rights of Spartans, which other women in ancient Greece did not have, have been investigated. Due to her husband’s military service, a Lacedaemonian woman managed not only his oikos, but also his cleris. Polyandry allowed a woman to unite two or more “houses” under her control and thus increase her influence in society. It has been noted that a strong economic foundation allowed wealthy women to have more freedom in society and even influence those in power in making responsible political decisions. With the loss of Messenia, women lose their economic freedom. The social status of women also changes, as they become more subordinate to men. It has been argued that in Sparta, the state minimised the private life of spouses. Under such conditions, a woman was socially active, knew the inner life of the polis well, and understood the foreign policy priorities of the state. She acted as a motivator and guide of Spartan ideology for the men of her family. And in this way, the Lacedaemonian woman was significantly different from other women in ancient Greece.
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CHOI, NAMKEE G. "Correlates of the Economic Status of Widowed and Divorced Elderly Women." Journal of Family Issues 13, no. 1 (March 1992): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251392013001003.
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Past studies of the economic status of widowed and divorced elderly women have focused mostly on the timing, incidence, and duration of their poverty but have neglected the analysis of the correlates of their economic status. The ordinary least squares regression analysis in this article shows that their economic status is commonly associated with such factors as the level of education, work history, and the Social Security primary insurance amount. The article also analyzes the differences between widows and divorcees and between those with substantial work histories and those with less substantial work histories.
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M., Anitha, M. "Everyday Realities of Elderly Women in Southern India." Journal of Women Empowerment and Studies, no. 22 (April 12, 2022): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jwes.22.11.21.
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The research deals with the position of the women in the study area and the status of the aged in stratified societies. The main concern of research is to describe how modernization brought changes about the conception about elderly. The role of the elder in modern political, economic, social, cultural and religious fields is described in this research. The study concludes the social conception of elderly women with light of feminist theories. It explains how the discursive practices of present situation in Southern India.
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RUEDA, SILVIA, and LUCÍA ARTAZCOZ. "Gender inequality in health among elderly people in a combined framework of socioeconomic position, family characteristics and social support." Ageing and Society 29, no. 4 (April 21, 2009): 625–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x08008349.
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ABSTRACTThis study analyses gender inequalities in health among elderly people in Catalonia (Spain) by adopting a conceptual framework that globally considers three dimensions of health determinants: socio-economic position, family characteristics and social support. Data came from the 2006 Catalonian Health Survey. For the purposes of this study a sub-sample of people aged 65–85 years with no paid job was selected (1,113 men and 1,484 women). The health outcomes analysed were self-perceived health status, poor mental health status and long-standing limiting illness. Multiple logistic regression models separated by sex were fitted and a hierarchical model was fitted in three steps. Health status among elderly women was poorer than among the men for the three outcomes analysed. Whereas living with disabled people was positively related to the three health outcomes and confidant social support was negatively associated with all of them in both sexes, there were gender differences in other social determinants of health. Our results emphasise the importance of using an integrated approach for the analysis of health inequalities among elderly people, simultaneously considering socio-economic position, family characteristics and social support, as well as different health indicators, in order fully to understand the social determinants of the health status of older men and women.
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Sanubari, Theresia Pratiwi Elingsetyo, and Catherina Frisca Yaniariyani. "Preliminary Study on Access to Health Services for Elderly Women: The Age and Socio-Economic Issues of Elderly Women in Pancuran Village, Salatiga." Jurnal Perempuan 24, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.34309/jp.v24i3.336.
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<p>The increasing number of elderly people from year to year shows the high life expectancy in elderly women. This situation coupled with cultural and social aspects can trigger vulnerability for elderly women, including the health aspect. This study aims to describe the factors of access to health services for elderly women in the village of Pancuran, Salatiga. The method used is descriptive-quantitative with data collection carried out in Pancuran Village using a questionnaire. Elderly women in Pancuran Village have different economic, educational, employment and social status backgrounds but have the same vulnerability to access health services due to the unavailability of <em>posyandu</em> for the elderly in Pancuran Village. Nevertheless, efforts to access health services are still underway. This research shows that cultural involvement in health care is needed to realize integrated, patient-centered, and gender-friendly health services.</p>
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BÓS, ANTÔNIO M., and ÂNGELO J. BÓS. "The socio-economic determinants of older people's health in Brazil: the importance of marital status and income." Ageing and Society 27, no. 3 (March 27, 2007): 385–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x06005472.
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Studies in various countries have reported that older people who are married have better health than older widows. This paper reports a replication of these analyses with Brazilian data. The main objective was to explore the relationships between marital status, individual and household income, and the health of men and women using ordered logistic regression with self-assessed health as the dependent variable. The explanatory variables of interest were gender, marital status, and individual and family income. The data are from a survey of 7,920 non-institutionalised older people resident in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul in 1995. The survey used a structured, multi-disciplinary questionnaire, which collected information on demographic attributes, household composition, social relations, occupation, income and health status. The results show that widows were 20 per cent more likely to report better health than married women. The women without individual income had worse health than those who did, even after controlling for family income. For men, there were no significant differences in health by marital status. The main recommendation is that the health status and economic circumstances of married elderly women should be given more attention in both research and policy, certainly in Brazil and probably in other Latin American countries. Programmes of income support to the poorest households should include specific transfers to these elderly women. Brazil's Family Health and Older People's Health public programmes should place more emphasis on the health of elderly home-makers.
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Thanh Nhan, Dang. "The Role of the Family in Daily Care for the Elderly in Changing Rural Vietnam." Wieś i Rolnictwo, no. 3 (184) (September 20, 2019): 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.53098/wir032019/05.
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This paper use datasets on the elderly in four provinces, including 307 el derly in Ha Tinh, Quang Ngai in 2017, 407 elderly in Ninh Binh and Tien Giang in 2016 of the project “Strengthening Social Engagement in Elderly Care in Changing Economic and Family Structure in Asia: Policy and Practical Dialogues between Local Communities in Vietnam and Japan.” This paper aims to evaluate roles of family members, especially of women in caring for the elderly and to explore the difficulties posed for contemporary families in relation to the roles of the community and the state. In particular, the paper will identify the forces influencing the way that each family member provides care for their elderly in the social and culture context of Vietnam. Our findings showed that families play a very important role in elderly care and that women still play crucial roles in caring for the elderly regardless of circumstances. The family is the most important support for the elderly in Vietnam during illness (spouses and children). Family economic con dition, health status, illness, sex, age, and working status have significant impacts on the health of the elderly. It is noted that taking care of the material life for the elderly is one of the burdens that the family faces, which raised need for a more comprehensive system of social security and social services for the elderly especially in the rural areas in the context of increasing migration and recent changes in family structure and functions.
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Goto, Ryohei, Sachiko Ozone, Shogo Kawada, and Shoji Yokoya. "Gender-Related Differences in Social Participation Among Japanese Elderly Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 13 (January 2022): 215013192211111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21501319221111113.
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Introduction/Objectives: The health of elderly individuals is known to benefit from maintaining societal involvement and relationships with other people, such as through social participation. We aimed to determine trends in the percentage of Japanese elderly people who engaged in social participation before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in one municipality in Japan, and compared differences in this status by gender. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Questionnaires were sent by mail to 3000 people aged 65 to 85 years who were randomly selected by the administrative staff of the city. Participant characteristics (age, gender, working status, residential status) and their economic status, daily physical activity, and social participation status were obtained at 3 time points: (1) before the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020; (2) immediately prior to the declaration of a state of emergency in April 2020; and (3) in January 2021, 1 year after (1). Results: A total of 1301 people responded to the survey. The mean age was 73.3 (SD 5.5) years, and 690 (53.0%) were women. There were significant gender differences in terms of living alone, employment status, and amount of physical activity. The number of people reporting social participation gradually decreased from 543 respondents (41.7%) at (1) to 319 (24.5%) at (2) and 251 (19.3%) at (3). Women were more likely to demonstrate reduced social participation. Conclusions: Elderly individuals, particularly women, reported decreased social participation during the pandemic.
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Samal, Swagatika. "“Pushed Off to the Side”: A Study on the Socio-Economic Dynamics of Marginalization and the Elderly Women." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 5, no. 1 (October 24, 2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v5.n1.p6.
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<p><em>Ageing is an inevitable and inexorable process in life. In India, the population of the elderly is growing rapidly and is emerging as a serious area of concern for the government and the policy planners. Now a days with changing social structure and values, elderly in general and the elderly women in particular experience difficulty in their everyday life. Growing social complexities and the structural discrimination against these people is resulting in their vulnerability to physical, economic, psychological, and emotional abuse. Physical segregation of their settlements is common in many cases forcing them to live in the most unhygienic and inhabitable conditions. All these factors affect their social and health status, access to healthcare and finally their quality of life. Presence of powerful social differentiation, absence of social safety net and the community support system for these women pervade them into vulnerability and further marginality. Studies of showed elderly women, especially widows are more likely than elderly men to live alone, more likely not to have source of income, more likely not to be in contact with children and close members of the family, and more vulnerable financially, socially and culturally. Moreover, they live a life of isolation and trauma. </em></p><p><em> </em><em>The present paper aims to put some light on various dimensions of marginality & vulnerability of the elderly women, its socio-economic dynamism and at the end it tries to suggest some remedial measures against the discussed issues. Data for the study has been collected from the older women of </em><em>Budharaja, Danipali, Fatak, Mudipada, Sakhipada, and Khetrajpur areas </em><em>of Sambalpur town through formal & informal interviews, case studies, and observation methods. </em></p>
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Delbari, Ahmad, Forough Goudarzi, Mohammad Bidkhori, Mohammad Saatchi, Fatemeh-Sadat Tabatabaei, Hassan Rafiey, and Elham Hooshmand. "Well-being and Related Factors of Above 50-Year-Old Population: Based on Ardakan Cohort Study on Aging." Journal of Education and Community Health 10, no. 4 (December 29, 2023): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jech.2425.
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Background: Well-being is related to various social, psychological, and physical factors. This study investigated these factors and their relationship with the well-being of the elderly. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted based on the data of Ardakan Cohort Study on Aging (ACSA) in 2020, including 5190 people aged 50 and above. The World Health Organization (WHO)-5 questionnaire was used to measure wellbeing. Using a logistic regression model and adjusting the variables, the relationship between well-being and related factors was measured. Results: Among the participants, 2586 people (49.8%) were women. Well-being was good in 3014 people (58.2%). According to the findings, the poor well-being of the elderly has an inverse and significant relationship with medium to high economic status (OR=0.63, P˂0.001), physical activity (OR=0.99, P˂0.001), and social support (OR=0.90, P˂0.001). The elderly with high school education (OR=1.43, P=0.005) and extremely bad health status (OR=1.32, P=0.008) had poor well-being. Furthermore, the odds of depression (OR=1.21, P=0.035) and anxiety (OR=1.05, P˂0.001) were higher in the elderly who had poor well-being. The mental and physical quality of life were also higher in the group with good well-being (P<0.05). Conclusion: To promote the elderly’s well-being, they should be involved in regular physical activity, which should be planned to increase their quality of life (physical and mental) and improve their economic status as well as social support.
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MATTHEWS, S., C. POWER, and S. STANSFELD. "Psychological distress and work and home roles: a focus on socio-economic differences in distress." Psychological Medicine 31, no. 4 (May 2001): 725–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701003683.
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Background. Home and work factors have been linked to psychological status, but less is known about their contribution to social inequalities in psychological status. We examine whether social inequalities in psychological distress can be explained by work–home factors and whether the impact of these potential explanatory factors is similar for men and women.Methods. Data are from the 1958 British birth cohort study. We sought to explain social class differences in psychological distress at age 33. Explanatory factors were classified as work–home roles: i.e. employment, marital status, domestic responsibility, children and elderly care; and work–home characteristics: i.e. job-strain, insecurity, unsocial working hours, youngest child's age, number of children and level of involvement in childcare.Results. A social gradient in psychological distress was found: odds ratios for classes IV and V v. I and II were 2·65 (men) and 3·02 (women). Work factors had consistently stronger associations with psychological distress and with social class among men than women. Work factors had a greater impact on class differences in psychological distress in men. Associations for home roles and characteristics were less consistent and their combined effect on class differences in distress was negligible for both sexes.Conclusion. Explanations for the social gradient differ for men and women. Work may be more important for men than women, but the impact of home factors was not strong during the early adulthood of this cohort.
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Jun, Hye-Jung, and Kyoung-Mi Kim. "Predictors of Depression in Elderly According to Gender during COVID-19: Using the Data of 2020 Community Health Survey." Healthcare 12, no. 5 (February 27, 2024): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12050551.
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Background: This study aimed to examine factors influencing depression according to gender in people during COVID-19. Methods: This study was conducted on 61,147 elderly individuals over the age of 65 who participated in the 2020 Community Health Survey (CHS). Data analysis was conducted using SAS 9.4. Results: Elderly females had a higher perceived fear of COVID-19 than males. The common factors affecting depression in elderly individuals were age, monthly income, economic activity, stress, subjective health status, and social support. Among elderly women, changes in residential areas and daily life due to COVID-19 were identified as factors affecting depression. Conclusions: Therefore, during COVID-19, it was necessary to provide customized depression relief programs for the elderly, and it was necessary to find ways for them to positively perceive their health status and increase healthcare efficacy. In the future, it is necessary to pay attention to elderly women living in rural areas and make efforts to ensure that their daily lives are not interrupted by infectious diseases.
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Farokhnezhad Afshar, Pouya, Parvaneh Asgari, Mahmoud Shiri, and Fatemeh Bahramnezhad. "A Review of the Iran's elderly status according to the census records." Galen Medical Journal 5, no. 1 (March 9, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v5i1.397.
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For many reasons, the elderly population in Iran is considered a growing phenomenon. An accelerated decline in birth rate in the past two decades, medical-health advances, and increased life expectancy are among the major reasons. Based on the definitions of the Country’s Population Index, Iran's elderly population, with a growth rate of 3.9% compared to the total population growth (2.29%) between 2007 and 2012 has reached to the elderly population of 8.26% in 2012, which puts Iran among countries with aging populations. Now, Iran's elderly population is 6205998 people, including approximately 48.70% aged men and 51.30% aged women. Iran, based on the age criteria of the population structure, is now faced with the aging phenomenon, and since this phenomenon encompasses health, economic and social consequences, as well as service requirements, elderly population of Iran should be comprehensively and continuously evaluated so that the health and medical officials could deal with the incident with proper planning and meet the needs of this group of the society. [GMJ.2016;5(1):1-6]
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Prajapati, Atul Kumar. "Elderly Women’s Lifestyle Management in Old Age Homes." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 7, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i12.011.
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Old age is a universal and inevitable phenomenon in life. It assigns to a multidimensional procedure of mental, physical, psychological and social-economy changes. Low physical ability, the decline in mental capacity, gradual role-playing in socio-economic activities and change in status of economic dependence refer to a phase of elderly human life. The elderly are known as "dark" not because the illumination fails to shine, but because the elderly refuse to see it. There have been many changes in recent years that have impacted society in various fields social, financial and then elderly female lifestyle management have changed, some with better and some with negative consequences. In general, the population continues to benefit and most of the younger or newly generation has been able to realize their dreams, goals and develop their careers in a better way than before. However, older women face certain to different problems as a result of social change. The transition from conventional and additional modes of life to more contemporary patterns, which frequently call for compromise and acceptance, reflects this. One of these contains old age homes. Thus, most elderly women in old age homes are not very happy, because they are in isolation. Unfortunately, children are unable to arrive on time when parents fall ill or even die in old age homes. But some older women feel comfortable with the freedom and friendly atmosphere at old age homes with other elders who keep them company, enjoying time with TV, games and gossip. They show some detachment from family members and feel more secure in old age homes and avoid restricted lives with their children. In the present age, the life of elderly women is full of problems for both themselves and their children. Lucky people depart with satisfaction and peace of mind, while others leave an unhappy state of mind. Meanwhile, old age homes have become part of our social system.
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Crespo, Laura, and Pedro Mira. "Caregiving to Elderly Parents and Employment Status of European Mature Women." Review of Economics and Statistics 96, no. 4 (October 2014): 693–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00426.
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Padyab, Mojgan, David Reher, Miguel Requena, and Glenn Sandström. "Going It Alone in Later Life: A Comparative Analysis of Elderly Women in Sweden and Spain." Journal of Family Issues 40, no. 8 (March 2, 2019): 1038–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x19831334.
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This article compares the determinants of living alone in later life in Spain and Sweden, two countries with relatively similar levels of economic development from a global view point but different family systems and institutional contexts. With microdata coming from census (Spain) and linked administrative registers (Sweden), logistic regression techniques, including a nonlinear regression–based decomposition of differences between, are used to estimate the weight of different factors behind the residential choices of elderly women. Theoretical expectations are validated. Levels of living alone are associated with age, childlessness, marital status, and education in both populations. Population characteristics (compositions effects) explain only a small part of the differences in living alone between both countries, while behaviors (rate effects) account for the larger part of the variation. Therefore, among elderly women proximate determinants of living arrangements produce different outcomes in different sociocultural environments largely determined by existing family systems.
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Barzanjeh-Atri, Shirin, Vahid Pakpour, Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, and Zahra Nosrati-Kharajo. "Social Capital and Its Predictive Role in Quality of Life among the Elderly Referring to Health Centers in Tabriz, Iran: A Community- Based Study." Journal of Caring Sciences 9, no. 4 (November 24, 2020): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jcs.2020.032.
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Introduction: Paying attention to the quality of life (QOL) in the elderly life is an important issue, given the criticality of this period. The Objective of the present study is to determine social capital and its predictive role on QOL among elderly people living in Tabriz, East- Azerbaijan province, Iran. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was accomplished in 2018 on 522 elderly people referred to the health centers in city of Tabriz. A multi-stage random cluster sampling was implemented. The data were collected, using a demographical questionnaire, Onyx-Bullen social capital, and WHOQOL-BREF QOL questionnaires. Then, they were analyzed by SPSS software version 15 and descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean (SD) and inferential statistics (Pearson, and Multivariate linear regression) were provided. Results: The mean age of the participants was 65.7 years, 58% were women, 85.5% were married, and 37.5% were illiterate. The mean )SD (of social capital score was 71.87 (10.51) (in the range of 36-144) and for QOL, it was 64.64 (10.81) (in the range of 0-100). Social capital had positive and direct relation with QOL. Out of all the variables studied; marital status, education, economic status, health status, the absence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and joint pains had significant relation with QOL. By some modifications in context factors, social capital was considered to be a predictive factor for QOL [β (95%CI): 0.28 to 0.36)]. Conclusion: For the promotion of QOL among the elderly, certain strategies must be implemented by health policy makers to enhance social capital among elderly people.
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Riaz, Sakina, Mahe Darakhshan, and Samina Rauf. "Elder Women’s Socio-Economic Problems And Their Impact: A Feminine Perspective On Experiencing Old Age Problems In Karachi, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 9, no. 1 (September 8, 2014): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v9i1.246.
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This study was conducted from the period of October to December 2013 with a selected population of elderly women who belongs to urban and rural areas of Karachi. The aim of the study was to investigate the Socio-economic conditions, health status, psychological condition, living style and also social support mechanisms among the elderly women in both rural and urban areas. Stratified random sampling method was used to collect the data. A sample of 300 female senior citizens was selected from two different communities of two union councils namely, “Jut Lines” and the “Central Jacob Line” of Jamshed Town from urban area and two from Malir town to represent the rural population of Karachi, Pakistan. The respondents were interviewed through a formulated questionnaire that was crosstranslated into Urdu language to determine the participant’s socio-economic problems. The study respondents belong to different walks of life and they participated voluntarily in this study. Similar studies are needed to be conducted in other community settings for recommending appropriate changes in public behavior towards elder women problems’ in our society.
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Khadka, Gita, and Megh Dangal. "Senior Citizens’ Perceptions on Therapeutic Well-being and Their Influenced In-Home Gardening After Retirement: A Phenomenological Case Study of Kathmandu Metropolis City of Nepal." Open Journal for Sociological Studies 8, no. 1 (May 14, 2024): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojss.0801.02015k.
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This paper examines the well-being of senior citizens, which is a matter of concern for society. Factors such as family structure, living arrangements, socio-economic status, education, health, and social structure (rural/urban) all play a role in the well-being of the elderly. There is a global effort to create an elderly-friendly society, and this study focuses on understanding the post-retirement well-being of elderly participants through their gardening activities. The study involved 12 participants, both men and women aged 60-75 years, who were retired from various organizations. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) for thematic analysis. Most of the participants spent an average of two hours daily on gardening activities, influenced by factors such as family history, personal desires, advice from friends and relatives, and social media. After retirement, many individuals experience mental stress and seek new activities to fill their time, such as reading, writing, traveling, volunteering, gardening, playing cards, and spending time with grandchildren. However, many retirees engage in gardening without fully understanding the social, economic, and health benefits it can provide in their later years.
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Amjad, Karisma. "Climate Migrant Elderly Abuse and Neglect: A Study in Slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh." Journal of Aging Research and Healthcare 3, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-20-3301.
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Bangladesh many older people spend their life in not only the unwell health but also in poverty which is major risk for the elderly population. This is especially true for older women, who suffer from various difficulties ensuing from prejudices to gender, widowhood and old age. Climate migrants start living in urban slums are in search of better and secure life. But urban slums located mostly in low lying environmentally hazardous area coupled with inadequate facilities like food, shelter, sanitation, health care make their life even worse. Older Women are the vulnerable groups in society in terms of climate change, movement; haphazard growth and unhealthy environment are the target group for this research. This study represents the nature and extent of elderly abuse of climate migrant urban poor women slum dwellers in Dhaka city in Bangladesh context. Besides, this paper also observe the socio-economic status of the study respondents and try to find out the self-stated reasons of elderly abuse. This study conducted both quantitative and qualitative types study on two slums of Dhaka with purposive sample survey, KII and in depth qualitative interview of selected climate migrant slum dwellers while purposive sample size of 50. Decreasing in earning capacity, inability and economic dependency, health hazard, maladjustment, changing social values have a separate role in the connection of older abuse. Planned migration, awareness program implantations against elderly abuse and secured socioeconomic factors are suggested through this paper to lessen exposure to further neglecting of elderly climate migrant women in urban slums.
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S., Rajathi, M. Hemamalini, and C. Sriramalakshmi. "Relation to Social Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile: An Alarming View." International Journal of Pediatric Nursing 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijpen.2454.9126.10124.4.
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Globally, Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major reasons for mortality. Cardiovascular health in children and adults is profoundly affected by the milieu of early life. Currently, CVD is taking a different turn based on social antecedents like poverty, the difference in socio-economic status, gender inequality, being a fluid person, and work life in harmony increases the risk of getting into CVD, that too in vulnerable populations like racial and ethnic minorities, women, the elderly, the chronically ill individual with disabilities, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and racism play a significant role in conditioning disease burden and modulating outcomes of CVD. People with low socioeconomic status increase the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA axis) in the body, due to stress response, and at the end, increased cortisol and sympathetic nervous system activity lead to decreased angiogenic activity. People from low socioeconomic backgrounds, loneliness, and social isolation in many cases like racism, ethnic minorities, children, women, elderly, and chronically ill individuals with disabilities, are exposed to constant stress because of a lack of their fundamental needs. The wider introduction of universal screening for social factors that impact cardiac health will help to identify children and families at risk. Hence,aggressive screening tests beginning at an early age will be beneficial for early detection and treatment. Healthcare professionals need to pay attention to promotinghealth education and awareness aids to decrease CVD-associated mortality.
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Ferrada-Bórquez, Luz María, and Mauricio Alejandro Ferrada-Bórquez. "The quality of employment for the elderly in Chile—A factor in active ageing." International Journal of Population Studies 7, no. 2 (May 10, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijps.v7i2.1354.
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The aging rate of the population is rising, and the number of elderly people participating in the Chilean labor market is also increasing. The purpose here is to understand employment conditions. To this end, partial and comprehensive indicators reflecting the status of social security, contracts, working days and income factors are estimated. There are significant differences between men and women in the estimated index, different levels of education, geographical residences, enterprise sizes and economic sectors in which they work. On the contrary, the conditions of social security and labor contract are the most different. These results are helpful to demonstrating the elements of public policy in the context of active aging.
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Zhang, Dongling, Yanyan Wang, and Yuxin Jiao. "The Impact of Social Pension Schemes on the Mental Health of the Chinese Elderly: A Mediating Effect Perspective of Two-Way Intergenerational Support." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 8721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148721.
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With the rapid decline in China’s fertility rate, the acceleration of aging, the continuous miniaturization and nucleation of China’s family structure, and the deterioration of the elderly’s living conditions and mental states, the elderly’s mental health has emerged as a major public health issue and a major social problem. Pensions are the elderly’s primary source of income, and they can help them meet their basic needs while also promoting family harmony and improving their mental health. Based on the data of the 2012, 2016, and 2018 Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we empirically examined the impact of pensions on the elderly’s mental health by using the fixed effects model, mediating effect model, and so on. The results show that receiving pension benefits can significantly reduce the level of depression and improve the mental health of the elderly. Receiving pension benefits causes reverse intergenerational economic transfer, which reduces the effect of pensions on the elderly’s mental health to some extent, but the life care and mental comfort provided by children increases when the elderly share pensions with their children. Overall, receiving pension benefits improves the mental health of the elderly. In addition, the effect of pensions on the elderly with different characteristics is heterogeneous. The older elderly, women, the elderly living with their children, and the elderly in rural areas all benefit more from receiving pension benefits. Moreover, the worse the mental health of the elderly is, the stronger the influence of pensions on their mental health is. Our discussion has important policy implications.
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Rishworth, Andrea, Susan J. Elliott, and Joseph Kangmennaang. "Getting Old Well in Sub Saharan Africa: Exploring the Social and Structural Drivers of Subjective Wellbeing among Elderly Men and Women in Uganda." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (March 31, 2020): 2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072347.
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While literature attempts to explain why self-reported subjective wellbeing (SWB) generally increases with age in most high-income countries based on a social determinants of a health framework, little work attempts to explain the low levels of self-report SWB among older persons in sub-Saharan Africa. Using the 2013 Uganda Study on Global Aging and Health with 470 individuals, this research examines (i) direct and indirect effects of age on SWB through social and structural determinants, and (ii) how direct and indirect effects vary by gender. Results show a significant direct and negative effect of age on SWB (β = 0.42, p = 0.01). Six indirect paths were statistically significant and their indirect effects on wellbeing varied by gender. Providing support, education, working status, asset level, financial status and financial improvement were significantly positively associated with men’s SWB, whereas younger age, providing community support, participating in group activities, number of close friends/relatives, government assistance and all socio-economic variables were significantly positively associated with women’s SWB. Strategies to address gendered economic, social and political inequalities among and between elderly populations are urgently needed.
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Wahlin, Åke, Katie Palmer, Ola Sternäng, Jena D. Hamadani, and Zarina Nahar Kabir. "Prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts among elderly persons in rural Bangladesh." International Psychogeriatrics 27, no. 12 (August 7, 2015): 1999–2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161021500109x.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Depression, if broadly defined, is the commonest late-life mental disorder. We examined the distribution of depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts, across age, sex, literacy, and marital status, among elderly individuals residing in rural Bangladesh and participating in a population-based study on health and aging.Methods:Prevalence figures of depressive symptoms were assessed with SRQ20 (n = 625), and possible social network and economic associations were examined. Morbidity accounts of depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts were examined for a subsample that also underwent complete medical examination (n = 471).Results:We selected for analyses the items that corresponded to DSM-IV criteria and constructed a dichotomous variable. The prevalence was 45%, and most pronounced among the oldest women (70%). The overall prevalence of suicidal thoughts was 23%. Being a woman, illiterate or single were all risk factors for depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts. These associations remained unaccounted for by the social network and economic variables. Co-residing with a child and having a high quality of contact were protective of both depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts. The main findings were replicated in the subsample, where it was found that morbidities were also associated with the outcomes, independently of the four main predictors.Conclusions:Prevalence figures for depressive symptoms among elderly in rural Bangladesh are high. Demographic, social network, and morbidity factors are independently associated with both depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts. This is the first study to report prevalence figures for depressive symptoms in this population.
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Khalifa, Mohammed F., and Adil Abdulzahra Atiyah. "Assessment of Elderly's Satisfactiontoward Health Care at Geriatric Home in Baghdad City." Kufa Journal for Nursing Sciences 5, no. 3 (November 18, 2015): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36321/kjns.vi20153.2797.
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Objectives: to assess the elderly's satisfaction toward health care through the use of the domains of health care seeking and physical activity, and to find out the relationship between elderly's satisfaction and their demographic characteristics of age, gender, marital status, level of education, health state, and economic status. Methodology: A descriptive study concerning the assessment of elderly's satisfaction toward health care at geriatric home in Baghdad city. of November 26th, 2013 to September 3rd, 2014.The selection of the sample through a non-probability purposive sample is (N=86) of elderly aged 65 years and over who reside in geriatric home. Data are collected through interview using questionnaire tool and analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis which reveal, The reliability of the questionnaire which is determined through a pilot study and the validity is achieved through a panel of (18) experts. Results: The study results showed demographic characteristics analysis of the sample concerned, the large number of the sample that was with age (65-69) years (34.9%) and also showed that majority of study sample (59.3%) are men and the remaining are women, and with regard to marital status it was found that many of them are widows and their percentage (38.4%). Regarding subject level of education, the greater number of them are illiterate and they are accounted for (48.8%) In addition, the majority of the elderly who suffer of chronic disease are (73.3) while the majority of them have no previous surgery and their percentage (58.1%) Regarding housing ownership (74.4%) they are absent or (do not have a house), and most of the elderly's monthly income is (53.5%) insufficient. Conclusion: The present study conclude the elderly were generally satisfied with health care, and it was the best domain of elderly satisfaction is the nutrient intake and the less domain of health care seeking. While the study showed that, the demographic characteristics of elderly had no impact upon their overall satisfaction toward health care except the level of education. Therefore, that gender affects the satisfaction of the elderly in seeking of health care. In addition, the monthly income effects on elderly satisfaction with nutrient intake. As well as the age and suffering of chronic diseases affecting the physical activity domain and with level of elderly satisfaction in this aspect there is an impact of each gender, level of education and monthly income of the elderly on their satisfaction towards the social domain, the age affects the elderly satisfaction with psychological domain. Recommendations: The study recommended the following: Promotion of health care provided to the elderly especially with regard to access to health care and the practice of physical activity. The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, in cooperation with the Ministry of Health can establish a special health center for the elderly to help them to get health care. As well as the establishment of a sports hall equipped to encourage the elderly to exercise of daily activities sports. Work of collective entertainment trips continuously to improve elderly mental and social state.
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Seraphin, Prao Yao. "Urbanization, Gender and Economic Growth in the Waemu Zone: Evidence from Pooled Mean Group Estimation." Advances in Politics and Economics 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): p47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v3n4p47.
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This study empirically analyses the influence of urbanization and the participation of men and women in the labour force on economic growth in the countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). Using data from the World Bank (2017) on the member States between 1990 and 2016, we show from Pesaran’s PMG estimator, Shin and Smith (1999) that in the short term, youth and women are very useful for economic growth. In the long term, urbanization, industrial added value and the elderly make a positive contribution to economic growth. The study urges governments to create better living conditions by ensuring adequate income levels and care, i.e., public policies should aim to increase employment, establish or improve social protection, social integration, health and the fight against discrimination.
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Tayeri, Soodabeh, Mehrnoosh Jafari, Khalil Alimohammadzadeh, Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini, and Kamran Shahanaghi. "A Conceptual Model for Iranian Older Women’s Health: A Review Study." Salmand 16, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 304–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/sija.2021.16.3.3090.1.
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Objectives: Studies have indicated the feminization of aging in the world including Iran. The present study aims to investigate women’s aging trend and effects, status difference, factors affecting the health of older women, and how to achieve proper health for older women in Iran. Methods & Materials: This review study was conducted according to PRISMA checklist. A comprehensive search was conducted in online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, IranMedex, IranDoc, MagIran, NoorMags, SID, Google Scholar, and websites of the World Health Organization and the United Nations Population Fund on articles published until June 2020 using the keywords Elderly, Aged, Healthy Aging, Older Women and Health Services in English and Persian. Results: Increased population of older women and the feminization of aging is the result of the development and success of the health system. Poor aging management is a serious threat to health care, socio-economic and sustainable development systems. The differences in economic, social, demographic, and health indicators were more unfavorable in older women compared to older men due to different effects of health factors on women. The geriatric programs in Iran are often temporary without participation of the elderly, and are for managing individual, clinical, and case conditions. Provision of integrated care services is only at the first level of health and government services and lacks strategic, gender, and inter-sectoral approaches. Conclusion: Achieving older women’s health requires policy-making and planning at the levels of government, organization and service delivery with a gender justice approach. Interventions to achieve the goal should be elderly-centered, interactive, multi-disciplinary, continuous, participatory, coordinative at clinical, organizational and systemic levels with analysis, feedback, integrated information system, research and development. Training and employment of multi-skilled manpower considering the different needs of older women are recommended.
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Pande, Rekha. "Widows Of Vrindavan - Feminisation Of Old Age In India." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 10, no. 1 (March 8, 2015): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v10i1.235.
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The present paper looks at some of the issues of the old women with a special focus on widows of Vrindavan. In 2009, there were 88 million elderly people in India. By 2050, this figure is expected to soar over 320 million. By 2050, women over 60 years would exceed the number of elderly men by 18.4 million, which would result in a unique characteristic of ‘feminisation’ of the elderly population in India. The gendered nature of ageing is such that universally, women tend to live longer than men. In India, social mores inhibit women from re-marrying, resulting in an increased likelihood of women ending up alone. The life of a widow is riddled with stringent moral codes, with integral rights relinquished and liberties circumvented. In many conservative Indian Hindu families, widows are shunned because they’re seen as bringing bad luck. Most of these widows find refuge in Vrindavan. Here they lead a very miserable life mostly begging and singing hymns in praise of God. However, this year saw a change in the condition of these women due to the initiative of Sulabh International, which takes care of two shelter homes where more than 800 widows have been registered and for the first time after they became widows many women played Holi (a festival of colours)excising their agency in a small way. The paper concludes by stating that there is very little information available on these widows. There is a need for better data collection and research on the social and economic status of widows, and on inheritance practices. Last but not least let us treat the widows as human beings and bring them into the main stream of the Women’s Movement.
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Wang, Xiaofei, and Jiehua Lu. "Health and health care disparities among women in mainland China." Asian Education and Development Studies 6, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-01-2016-0003.
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Purpose Women’s health is considered a big public health issue, impacting personal well-being, family reproduction, and society’s development. Since the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, major improvements in women’s social status and health have been made. However, far less has been achieved with respect to gender equality and women still face health disparities. The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of health and health care disparities among women and their determinants in China today. Design/methodology/approach This paper used the Statistical Yearbook of Health and Family Planning 2014, the 2010 Women’s Social Status Survey and 2010 census data from the National Bureau of Statistics to give an overall description of disparity in health care and health outcome facing women. Findings Progress in health is not equally shared by the female population, and the differences in women’s health by region and in urban and rural areas are considerable. The existing health disparities are still faced by women in terms of life expectancy, hazardous working environment, and health care services. As to gender differences among the elderly aged 60+, men have better health status compared to women. In addition, women are more financially dependent on other family members for the main source of daily living, reflecting their economic disadvantages. Originality/value This study gives a comprehensive and the latest overview of trends of women’s health progress, disparities in health care, and health outcomes both in female population and between genders by using three data sources.
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Yusuf, Nadia, Laila Al-sharqi, and Farah Durrani. "A Determinant Of Healthy Ageing Women Education In Saudi Arabia." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 14, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v14i2.9168.
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An increase in the number of elderly people has major implications for society, affecting such areas as health and social services and public spending. The economic effects of an ageing population are considerable. Older people have more savings than younger people, but spend less on consumer goods. The rise in ageing populations will also increase some categories of expenditure, like health care, whose cost is likely to increase dramatically as the population ages. Saudi Arabians, while relatively enthusiastic about saving in general, see retirement as a less important incentive to save and have reduced retirement savings as a result of the current economic downturn. At the same time, life expectancy will be higher and birth rate will decline because of the increase of education levels. People's concepts of birth and health care will be improved under the function of education. Education is the single most important indicator of the socioeconomic status of an individual, which affects almost all aspects of human life, including demographic health behavior. Change of the increase of population ageing that is caused by the change of the relative number of independent variables, such as education, is more of a concern.
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Daeny, M. "KINERJA PERLINDUNGAN LANSIA PEREMPUAN." MIMBAR ADMINISTRASI FISIP UNTAG Semarang 17, no. 2 (November 11, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.56444/mia.v17i2.1785.
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<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><em>Elderly women have the same position in obtaining protection. The PPPA Ministerial Regulation clearly states that protection for elderly women must be a priority in the development of welfare for the elderly. The life expectancy of women is higher than that of men, being an elderly woman is in the vulnerable category. This vulnerability results from the solitude of life away from relatives. Apart from being physically vulnerable, elderly women are physically vulnerable. The problem related to elderly women is how the protection performance for elderly women. The purpose of this study was to determine the protection performance of elderly women. To fulfill the protection and welfare of the elderly, the local government establishes protection in the form of metal spiritual protection, education, health, social and economic as well as facilities and infrastructure. Of the various forms of protection, the average performance of local governments is in the good category.</em></p><p><em>Key words: elderly, women, prosperous, protection, health</em> </p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Lansia perempuan memiliki kedudukan yang sama dalam memperoleh perlindungan. Peraturan Menteri PPPA secara jelas menyatakan bahwa perlindungan bagi lansia perempuan harus menjadi prioritas dalam pembangunan kesejahteraan bagi lansia. Usia harapan hidup perempuan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan laki-laki, menjadi lansia perempuan masuk dalam kategori rentan. Kerentanan ini akibat kesendirian dalam hidup jauh dari sanak saudara. Selain secara phiskis rentan lansia perempuan secara fisik juga rentan. Permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan lansia perempuan adalah bagaimana kinerja perlindungan bagi lansia perempuan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kinerja perlindungan lansia perempuan. Untuk memenuhi perlindungan dan kesejahteraan lansia, maka pemerintah daerah menetapkan perlindungan berupa perlindungan metal spiritual, pendidikan, kesehatan, sosial dan ekonomi serta sarana dan prasarana. Dari berbagai bentuk perlindungan tersebut, kinerja pemerintah daerah rata-rata dalam kategori baik.</p><p>Kata kunci : lansia, perempuan, sejahtera, perlindungan, kesehatan</p><div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: 347px; top: 431px;"> </div>
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Barkov, S. A., A. V. Markeeva, and I. V. Kolodeznikova. "Life and work strategies of pensioners in contemporary Russia." RUDN Journal of Sociology 22, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 828–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2022-22-4-828-843.
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Based on the data of the All-Russian survey of pensioners (February 2022), the article reveals their opinions on working in retirement, reasons for continuing work, problems when changing jobs, attitudes to new forms of employment, and life priorities. The article continues the analysis presented in the article “Employment of the elderly: Social imperatives and barriers in contemporary Russia” (2022; 22 (1)). The most important factor affecting the life strategies of the elderly in the post-industrial society is their increasing involvement in labor activity. The survey showed that the basic incentive for working in the older age is additional income. In depressed regions and during crises, work is one of the possible means for survival of both pensioners and their families. However, under the growing well-being of working pensioners, social motives and incentives for self-realization become fundamentally important. Differences in the pensioners’ motivation to continue their labor activity are determined by both personal characteristics (gender, age) and local social-economic circumstances (place of residence). Thus, Moscow pensioners, who get city allowances and feel less poor than pensioners in other regions, express special opinions on a number of issues. Life strategies differ significantly by gender: retired women are less satisfied with their status as non-working pensioners and are more willing to use new forms of employment, which may lead to more active employment of women in the future. More than a third of pensioners, contrary to stereotypes, are ready to work remotely. Most pensioners are not ready to become selfemployed, but many start to consider this form of employment and admit its benefits. To improve their social role, pensioners propose to develop volunteer and educational projects in which they could share knowledge and experience with the younger generations, and to hold events that would show the elderly’s contribution to the development of society.
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Bouffard, Léandre, Etienne Bastin, and Sylvie Lapierre. "Extension temporelle des buts et âge chronologique au cours de la vieillesse." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 10, no. 3 (1991): 271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s071498080000533x.
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ABSTRACTFuture time perspective (FTP), defined as the temporal extension of goals, is considered, by some authors, to be increasingly limited in older age. Restriction in FTP is sometimes observed in the elderly but could be explained by various factors other than age. In order to verify this hypothesis, the aspirations or goals of 708 elderly (aged 65 to 90 years) were collected with a sentence completion technique. An index of future extension was established after the analysis of answers. The results confirm that there is no relationship between FTP and chronological age for the elderly. A reduced FTP is observed for women. A similar tendency is found for subjects of low socio-economic status and for subjects of low educational level. FTP is also relatively stable for healthy and autonomous subjects and it increases in subjects of low autonomy who are still living at home. This research shows that, even in the presence of negative factors and with individual differences taken into account, elderly persons have goals and are open to the future.
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Self, Sharmistha, and Subhasree Basuroy. "Factors influencing healthcare choices by the elderly in India: role of social interactions." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 9 (September 11, 2017): 1231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-12-2015-0340.
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Purpose The primary objective of this paper is to identify and analyze factors that influence choice and quality of healthcare of the elderly population in two northern and two southern states in India. The purpose of this paper is to look beyond the obvious factors that influence choice and therefore the quality of healthcare and seek to find whether there are some additional indirect factors that also influence choice and quality of healthcare. Design/methodology/approach This paper utilizes data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India pilot project, which was a cross-sectional survey of men and women aged 45 and over focusing on two northern states (Punjab and Rajasthan) and two southern states (Kerala and Karnataka). In this paper the authors carry out a Probit analysis to estimate the factors that influence the elderly’s choice of healthcare. Findings The authors find that social activity via different types of social interactions outside the home and access to a phone (which is one of the cheapest and most commonly used methods of communication used by people in India) are statistically significant in influencing better quality of healthcare for the elderly. Moreover, gender-segregated results suggest that social activity is particularly important for elderly females. Relative price of healthcare is also an important determinant of the quality of healthcare sought. The authors also find some consistent regional influences on healthcare choices by the elderly. Research limitations/implications The main limitation is the data itself which is cross-sectional in nature. However, as further rounds of survey are conducted the authors hope to be able to build on the results of this paper using a longitudinal approach. A second limitation is the lack of variables available for carrying out an instrumental variables analysis. The results imply that elderly males and females are influenced by different things when it comes to healthcare choices. Thus for policy to be effective, the government needs to pursue avenues that would be most likely to succeed. Practical implications One of the most important practical implications of this research is the understanding that informal channels of knowledge transmission are important especially for the elderly in India. Traditional methods of knowledge transmission such as education, media, and income are less likely to be effective in a country where majority of the people are illiterate and poor. Social interactions appear to be most effective in influencing healthcare choices of elderly females. Social implications The most obvious social implications of this paper are the importance of social interactions via social activities outside the home and ability for social communication via access to a phone for the elderly population in India to make better healthcare choices and therefore receive better healthcare. Originality/value The literature on elderly healthcare is limited when it comes to developing countries. What makes matters worse for India is that up until recently there have been no comprehensive efforts to collect reliable data on the elderly population in India. As a result there is extremely limited availability of policy-relevant research dedicated to issues relating to the older population. Most of the existing literature looks at self-reported health and healthcare status or utilization. This paper would be among the first to address factors influencing quality of healthcare received by the elderly population in India.
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Wardani, Hamidah Retno. "Prevalence and Socio Demographic Characteristics of Disability in Older Adults in China Retrospective Study: A Literature Review." D'Nursing and Health Journal (DNHJ) 1, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36835/dnursing.v1i1.111.
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Introduction: Illness, injury and aging are the main causes of disability in the elderly, elderly people with disabilities experience economic and health stresses, and may also experience mental and psychological distress, and other life difficulties. The aim of this study was to clarify the prevalence and socio-demographic characteristics of disability in the elderly. Elderly care is a concern of the whole community.
Method: The research method used is a retrospective study, namely research (survey) where the design is used to provide information related to the prevalence, distribution and relationships between variables in a population.
Result: The bivariate relationship between the level of disability in the elderly according to sex, area, age, social status and in different cities was analyzedwith P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The disability rate in adults is 7.0%. Disability rates were significantly higher in women than men, significantly higher in rural areas than urban areas, and higher in northern China than southern China. The urban disability rate ranges from 5.7% to 1.2%. The difference is statistically significant, with Beijing having the highest disability rate and Shanghai the lowest. Defects increase with age.
Conclusion: This study shows that the rate of disability among elderly people in northern China is significantly higher than in southern China
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Agrawal, Swapnil, and Aftab Ahmed Khan. "Difference between Sociodemographic Variables in Elderly Population Living in Care Homes and within Family Setup - A Comparative Study in Kota, Rajasthan." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 31 (August 2, 2021): 2817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/516.
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BACKGROUND Due to various factors, elderly population is growing rapidly worldwide and also in India. Changing socio-economic patterns, such as women becoming economically active and participating in the workforce, and increasing mobility are all leading to more nuclear households, altering social norms of elder care in the family. Old age homes which were not common are now growing rapidly to fulfil needs of these needy elderly people. It is important to understand socio demographic factors of persons living in care homes. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare socio demographic variables between elderly people living in old age home and within the family setup. METHODS A descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The study was conducted at two old age homes and various local areas of Kota, Rajasthan. The sample comprised of 100 participants who were further divided into 50 participants from old age homes and 50 participants from family. A tool such as socio-demographic data sheet was administered to obtain the data. RESULTS Significant difference was found between these groups in age wise, regarding marital status (case - 66 % widow or widower, control - 82 % married), literacy (case - illiterate 52 % middle 30 % secondary or higher 18 % while in control these figures are 34 %, 18 %, 34 %) employment (case - 86 % unemployed while in control it is 30 %), family type (case - 36 % joint family, control - 80 % joint family), socio-economic status (case – lower - 72 % control - upper 84 %) having own house (case - 14 % control - 86 %) attitude of family members (case - attitude of their family members perceived as bad 50 %, normal - 11 %, good - 39 % while in control group these figures are 85, 18 %, 74 %). CONCLUSIONS Socio-demographic factors like marital status, employment status, housing and attitude of family members play a major role in elderly population for which they had to stay in care homes. KEYWORDS Old Age Homes, Socio-demographic Variables, India
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Omelan, Aneta Anna, Krzysztof Borysławski, and Robert Stanisław Podstawski. "Body composition and level of physical activity of elderly people living in north-eastern Poland associated with socioeconomic factors." Anthropological Review 85, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.85.3.03.
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Introduction: Studies conducted in various regions of the world have indicated that physical activity level, body composition and socioeconomic variables can be associated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether socioeconomic factors are associated with level of physical activity and differences in the body composition of elderly people living in north-eastern Poland. Materials and Methods: The study involved 774 older residents (60 years or more). Physical activity levels were measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The respondents’ body composition was determined with an InBody 270 analyser. Pairs of means were compared with Student’s t-test; more than two means were compared with one-way ANOVA; and proportions were compared with the chi-square test. Statistical significance was defined as p≤0.05. Results: The marital status of men and women was significantly associated with differences in physical activity level and body composition. The place of residence and level of education of women (but not of men), were also significantly associated with differences in body composition. Age and material situation were not significantly associated with differences in body composition and physical activity level. Conclusion: The mean values of parameters of body composition in the surveyed group exceeded the norms. The level of physical activity of the subjects is at a sufficient level, but in the case of women it depends on socio-economic characteristics. Therefore, there is a need to find effective ways to support older adults in maintaining (or increase) their physical activity with a particular focus on women.
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Wang, Kangkang, Min Li, and Jie Lyu. "The Effect of Health Status on Urban Adaptation of the Rural Elderly after Migration." Healthcare 11, no. 12 (June 15, 2023): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11121761.
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As urbanization accelerates in China, more and more rural elders are moving to cities to live with their children. However, they face challenges in overcoming cultural, social, and economic disparities and maintaining health in urban life, and health is important human capital that may have a significant impact on the urban adaptation of rural elderly migrants (REMs). Based on the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this paper constructs an indicator system to measure the level of urban adaptation of REMs. The health level and urban adaptation of REMs are studied in depth, and how to better help them adapt to urban life in order to provide a healthy living environment and a good lifestyle is explored. The empirical analysis finds the following: (1) good health helps REMs achieve a better level of urban adaptation. (2) REMs with good health status are more likely to go to community clubs for activities and do physical activities and thus improve their urban adaptation level. (3) There are significant differences in the effects of health status on urban adaptation among REMs with different characteristics. REMs with better health status in the central and western regions have significantly higher levels of urban adaptation than those in the eastern regions, and men have higher levels of urban adaptation than women. Therefore, the government should construct classification measures according to the differentiated characteristics of rural elderly migrants’ urban adaptation, and guide and support their stratified and orderly adaptation to urban society.
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Wranker, Lena Sandin, Mikael Rennemark, Johan Berglund, and Sölve Elmståhl. "Relationship between pain and Quality of Life—Findings from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care—Blekinge study." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2014.05.029.
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AbstractBackground and aimsThe influence of pain as well as Quality of Life (QoL) varies in accordance with biological, social, psychological and existential factors. This study investigates the influence of such factors on the relationship between pain and QoL among older adults from a gender perspective.MethodsThe Swedish National Study on Aging and Care (SNAC-Blekinge) baseline sample comprised 1402 individuals aged 60–96 years, of whom 769 (55%) reported pain. The participants were invited by a letter to take part in the study, which was carried out by research staff in two sessions of three hour each. Participants gave informed consent and completed a questionnaire between the two sessions. The reason for non-participation was registered among subjects who declined the invitation. Pain and insomnia were self-reported. Data on age, gender and if living alone or not were collected from the questionnaire. Co-morbidity was obtained from electronic patients records for a period of up to two years prior to participating in the SNAC study. SoC was measured by a translated short form from the original twenty-nine question instrument. QoL, was estimated using the HRQL Medical Outcome Study-Short Form (SF 12). In a model, pain, age, sex, insomnia, co-morbidity, living alone, sense of coherence (SOC), household economy, education and QoL were calculated through multivariate logistic regression.ResultsAmong women, pain was found to have the highest OR (odds ratio) for low QoL [OR 2.27 (CI 1.36–3.78)], followed by low economic status [OR 1.75 (CI 1.08–2.84)], co-morbidity [OR 1.24 (CI 1.05–1.46)], low SOC [OR 1.08 (CI 1.06–1.10)] and lower age [OR 1.05 (CI 1.02–1.08)]. In men, insomnia was found to be the main contributor to low QoL [OR 1.86 (CI 1.04–3.33)], followed by low SOC [OR 1.08 (CI 1.05–1.11)] and lower age [OR 1.04 (CI 1.01–1.07)].ConclusionsPain has a strong relationship with low QoL among elderly women. Insomnia is associated with low QoL among men who suffer less from pain. Thus the main result is a striking gender difference: Elderly women suffer from pain, elderly men suffer from insomnia.ImplicationsIt is importanttotake accountof sex, age, sleep problems, co-morbidity, SOC and economic status in order to understand the relationship between pain and QoL among older adults.
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Okorie-Ufere, Kate Ifeoma, Poblete Dioso Regidor III, and Sarafadeen Diran Adeniyi. "Assessment of the Knowledge of Risk Factors Associated with Heart Diseases among Women of Reproductive Age in Nigeria." International Journal of Nursing, Midwife and Health Related Cases 10, no. 2 (February 15, 2024): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijnmh.15/vol10n23656.
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Many women are unaware that coronary heart disease is one of the leading causes of mortality. Instead, breast cancer is their greatest dread. Worryingly, healthcare practitioners seem to lack fundamental understanding regarding cardiovascular disease among women. Women are normally 10 years older than males when heart disease is found, and they are 20 years older when they suffer their first myocardial infarction. Because coronary heart disease is more frequent in elderly women, many believe that postponing the process of decreasing their risk will be postponed. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge of risk factors associated with heart diseases among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. The study was cross sectional study design. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaire, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 and presented using appropriate tables. Level of significance set at P<0.05. The findings from this study shows a significant association with overall knowledge of the respondents on health related issues at (χ2=23.173, p=0.000) and (χ2=18.260, p=0.000) respectively as p<0.05 in each case and non-significant association with age and religion, economic status and occupation at (χ2=1.158, p=0.561) , (χ2=2.689, p=0.101) (χ2=1.417, p=0.841) and (χ2=7.276, p=0.064) respectively of the respondents as p<0.05. Overall, the respondents participated in this study have a good knowledge and awareness of the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and warning features of CVD events. Community education on CVDs, targeting especially populations with low socio-economic status, may be beneficial in the combined efforts to achieve the reductions in heart attacks.
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Shamurzaeva, Ailuna. "GENDER-SPECIFIC PATTERNS OF REMITTANCE BEHAVIOR OF LABOR MIGRANTS FROM THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC." Alatoo Academic Studies 2021, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 318–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2021.212.37.
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In recent decades, international migration has become one of the most important factors of socio-economic development in both receiving and sending countries. The profile of the migrant has recently undergone significant changes, in particular, the feminization of international migration, including labor migration, is clearly observed. In the long run, this process affects the status and attitudes toward women within the household: studies show that a woman ceases to be a passive participant in the process of making important decisions for the family. At the same time, it worth to note the significant impact of the feminization of international migration on the remaining household members, especially on children and parents: recent trends lead to a redistribution of roles within the family - a woman becomes a “provider”, care for children and elderly household members falls on shoulders of remaining relatives - husband, sisters / brothers, parents, etc. Thus, women are moving from the role of "caring" to the role of "earning", which leads to the restructuring of the traditional social roles of women and men within the family. At the same time, we view the gradual increase in mobile activity among women as one of the factors for increasing family welfare, especially in cases where a woman cannot find, for various reasons, the decent work in her place of permanent residence. Since the increased responsibility and sense of duty of a woman to her family forces her to send most of her earnings, we assume that women migrants, unlike men, are more likely to contribute to ensuring the long-term sustainability of household welfare. The purpose of this article is to uncover the gender-specific determinants of remittances and to evaluate the impact of family networks, parents, spouse and dependents left behind.
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Anishchenko, Elena B., Lidiya V. Trankovskaya, Antonina A. Vazhenina, and Galina A. Tarasenko. "The state of health as a factor affecting the work activity of working elderly people." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 62, no. 5 (June 25, 2022): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-5-311-321.
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Currently, there is an increase in the number of elderly residents in the world community. The researchers note the progressive aging of the working population long with the existing unfavorable demographic trends and a number of socio-economic changes. Thus, many countries have made a push to increase the level of employment among people of the "third age". In addition, many states have raised the official retirement age for both men and women. However, economic measures, primarily raising the official retirement age, will be successful only if employees are able to perform labor functions productively and maintain their physical and mental health at the stage before retirement. The analytical review presents an analysis of modern foreign and domestic literature, where scientists publish works devoted to the study of the degree of influence of health indicators on the labor activity of working elderly people. Scientists have identified the main factors affecting the performance of an elderly person with the help of studies conducted in different countries. At the same time, the elderly have an increase in acute and(or) chronic diseases, which adversely affects their level of performance. Whereas physical and social activity significantly contributes to reducing the incidence of persons of the "third age".
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Abhishek, Shriyuta, and Nanda Kishore Kannuri. "On the margins of Healthcare: Role of Social Capital in Health of Migrants in India." CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 2, no. 2 (December 18, 2021): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v2i2.218.
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Social capital is a widely studied concept in sociology, philosophy and development economics since the late nineteenth century. In India, the various dogmas of the theory of social capital have not been studied to their potential, especially in the domain of public health. This study was conducted to determine healthcare access among migrants and their social capital, in order to explore the association between social capital and healthcare access. A mixed-method approach was adopted for the study. A survey (n=61) was conducted in a residential area in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh state, using Shortened Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool (SASCAT). The qualitative component of the study will be published separately. It was found that 78.6 percent of migrants have a ‘low’ social capital and 21.3 percent have a ‘high’ social capital. Fischer’s exact test showed that there is no significant association between the economic status and social capital of individuals (p=0.06). The research study concluded that there is a linkage between social capital and healthcare access. High social capital resulted in better healthcare access, especially among vulnerable groups (women, disabled and elderly people). The findings of the study helped in charting out the pathways of healthcare access within the framework of Bordieu’s theory of social capital. It can be said that the concept of social capital has remained unexplored by academia and policymakers alike. In order to improve the healthcare access of migrants, health systems must delve into the complex nuances around tenets of social capital in healthcare.
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Setiadi, Setiadi, and Sita Hidayah. "Subjective Well-Being Amongst Older Women from Migrant and Non-Migrant Households in Rural Java, Indonesia." Journal of Population and Social Studies 29 (June 14, 2021): 459–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25133/jpssv292021.029.
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This study explored how older women living in rural Java in Yogyakarta, Indonesia construct their subjective well-being. This study identified access, control, and physical and social resources available for older adults in their daily life and, afterward, juxtaposes these factors with the socioeconomicstatus and culture of rural societies in Java that support elderly resilience. This study assumed there are both differences and similarities in control of those resources leading to the subjective well-being in rural Java. This research utilized subjective well-being theory to examine how older women from varied family backgrounds adapt to the challenges of older age. Two types of households were selected: older persons with migrating children and older persons with non-migrating children. This study used qualitative methods through participatory observations and in-depth interviews. In the end, this research revealed that subjective well-being is influenced heavily by family relations. This study showed the limit and the lack of government measurement of well-being from an isolated individual economic and social welfare status. It was argued that subjective well-being requires the active involvement of society and self-responsibility to keep older adults healthy and resilient in older ages, both at the individual and community level.
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Da Canhota, Carlos Manuel Nogueira, and Leon Piterman. "Depressive Disorders in Elderly Chinese Patients in Macau: A Comparison of General Practitioners' Consultations with a Depression Screening Scale." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 3 (June 2001): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00893.x.
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Objective: The objectives of this study were to identify the prevalence of depressive symptomatology in an elderly population using a screening scale; to assess general practitioner (GP) recognition of depression; to determine patient reasons for consultation; and to relate depression to social and demographic factors. Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on a systematic sample of elderly Chinese patients currently resident in Macau, who presented to general practices in December 1997. Data collected included patient demographics, economic and social supports, patient depressive status assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD), reason for attendance, and the reason for the consultation. Clinical records were analysed in order to collect GP-registered morbidity and recent relevant management. Results: Data were collected from 386 elderly Chinese patients of 31 GPs (97% patient response rate). Patients presented with somatic symptoms rather than psychological issues. Using HAD cut-off score of <8, 47% of the population studied were depressed; with a HAD subscale score <11, 26.2% were depressed. Depression was detected more often in women (59%) and being female was associated with depressive status (p = 0.010). Age (greater than 75 years) was also associated with being depressed, as was not having someone to talk to (p = 0.037), and being from low social class (p = 0.050). Not having someone willing to listen to their problems, difficulties and worries, was significantly related to depression (p = 0.041). There were no referrals or antidepressive medications detected in the clinical charts. Conclusion: Participants’ characteristics such as being over 75 years of age, being female and socially isolated were related to depression. General practitioners can play an important role in the early detection and management of psychological disorders. Although studies on a sample of Chinese patients in Macau cannot be generalized to Chinese populations elsewhere, awareness of somatic presentation of psychological illness is crucial in detecting depression in this and possibly other Chinese populations.
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Sobot, Ankica. "The impact of education on time use of elderly population in Serbia." Stanovnistvo 53, no. 2 (2015): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1502067s.
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The active ageing concept, which implies individual and broader social benefits, is defined for mitigating the negative effects of intensive population ageing. It redefines the perception of ageing in accordance with the positive trends in terms of health and life span of older persons' life. One of the factors which has certain impact on some aspects of active ageing is education. The researches confirm its influence on the health and vitality of the elderly, as well as on their economic activity. It is important not only as a dimension of socio-economic status, but also from the perspective of certain behavior, the availability of learning, the possibility of adopting valid information and the use of new technological achievements for the purpose of healthy lifestyle. The top ten countries in 2015 regarding Active Ageing Index have up to four times higher shares of highly educated persons among those aged 50 or over (between 23% and 34%), compared to the countries which are at the back of the AAI list. However, Italy is ranked second, regarding the participation in society despite the fact that less than 10% of persons aged 50 or over are highly educated. By contrast, Estonia has only high index in employment, while in relation to the other spheres is very low ranking, regardless there are 34% of highly educated among persons aged 50 or over. The first example shows that it is possible to achieve partial progress despite low prevalence of high education. Another indicates that the attainment in active ageing can be limited by other factors despite high proportion of highly educated. It is possible to conclude that in either of these two cases high education did not impact, but that these characteristics of active ageing are the consequences of other factors. Participation in society, in addition to volunteering and political engagement, implies caring for children or the elderly. It is possible that the incidence of these activities have more important influence on the positioning of Italy in this sphere. Relatively high index of employment could be explained by the influence of socio-economic conditions and the necessity of working engagement of older persons due to social security and living standards of households. This could be said for Estonia because it is placed into the group of countries with lower GDP per capita. The research regarding the time use in Serbia, used in this paper as the framework for studying the lifestyle of older people, shows that the paid work is the most evident differentiation between those who have entered the older age (65 or older) and those who are on the threshold of this limit (55-64 years). Regarding leisure time, it is clear that more passive forms (watching television and resting) prevail. Reading, walking, visiting, spending time with family and the provision of informal help partially mitigate this picture. However, weak commitment to cultural events and physical activity, poor involvement in different spheres of social life, almost the absence of voluntary work and additional training undermine the concept of active ageing. Highly educated persons have the most of leisure time but, in relation to persons with lower educational levels, there is no substantial differentiation regarding the activities that mark active ageing. In comparison with others, they spent less time watching TV and movies as well as resting, but more time walking, visiting, reading, using a computer or providing informal support. Tertiary education has proved to be a point of differentiation among females who approach the entry into older age. It does not only mean more time in paid work, but also less time in unpaid activities, compared to women with lower educational levels. In addition, highly educated women aged 65 or over more frequently perform paid jobs than those with primary education. It is not the specificity of male population. High education did not eliminate the specificities of overpowering cultural pattern of gender roles. Men more engage in paid jobs and have more leisure time, while women spend more time in performing household tasks. Women more devote to reading books, going to the cinema, volunteering, and the participation in religious activities as compared to men. Male respondents spend more time resting, exercising and visiting sport events. However, in both cases passive forms of leisure time prevail, although there are some specificities. In comparison with those who had lower educational levels, highly educated persons evaluated their health as good or very good two times more frequently, but it has not resulted in significant difference in terms of commitment to the activities that mark active ageing. The widespread of tertiary education does not mean unconditional acceptance of this model. In addition to social conditions, living circumstances and cultural norms, lifestyle is important as an advantage or a disadvantage for the realization of active ageing. Lower education levels are an additional challenge in terms of advancing all preconditions for accepting and spreading the model of active aging.
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Lukic, Vesna. "Sociodemographic characteristics of the elderly forced migrants in Serbia." Stanovnistvo 53, no. 1 (2015): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1501039l.
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In the context of the needs and rights of older migrants, migration history is particularly important where the elderly forced migrants are twice as vulnerable. Bearing in mind the intense process of population aging in Serbia which holds the attention of scientists and experts, and the large number of refugees who immigrated in the 90-ies from the former Yugoslav republics, selected sociodemographic structures of the elderly forced migrants in Serbia were analyzed as well as the relevant legal and strategic framework. The aim was to contribute to increasing knowledge of the demographic challenges of this subpopulation of forced migrants, as well as the differences relative to the domicile aging population. The data used in this study included a contingent of forced migrants aged 65 and over, on the basis of additionally processed Census data from 2011, based on questions about the place of birth of the person, year of arrival, the country in which the person lived and the reasons for migration. Hence, the category which is the subject of research, is not defined on the basis of formal refugee status. A comparison of selected sociodemographic characteristics was made in relation to the domicile population, which in the paper means the population of Serbia without forced migrants. The research results indicate that older forced migrants in Serbia have characteristics of the general population of older people in Serbia. Their age gender and marital structures are relatively similar. Most older women are widows who are heads of households, while a significant number are persons with disabilities as well. However, the process of aging of the elderly, present within the local population has not affected forced migrants yet, so this population is to some extent more vital. Data on the economic activity of the elderly forced migrants in Serbia point out to the lack of income as the main problem they are faced with. Older forced migrants are economically active to a lesser extent compared to the domicile elderly population, while the major differences between the two subgroups of the population are observed among the economically inactive persons. There is a noticeable smaller share of pensioners and a significantly higher share of persons who perform only housework in their households of elderly forced migrants than for the domicile aging population, largely owing to the female population. This can be explained by the lower level of female employment of forced migrants in countries of origin but could also result from the circumstances of exile. Single person elderly households of forced migrants are twice as vulnerable in economic terms than the domicile one, which confirms the high dependence of these groups of older migrants on financial aid. The lack of income of one part of the elderly forced migrants is a consequence of the unresolved issue of pension payments from Croatia, as most of the older forced migrants in Serbia are people from that former republic of Yugoslavia. The older forced migrants in Serbia from the former Yugoslav republics are relatively few in number, but a sensitive population that has legally integrated into the community since 2001 and is facing the same challenges as the local elderly population. Due to the circumstances of refugeeism in Serbia, these persons, as opposed to older migrants in other countries, have no linguistic or cultural barriers that could potentially hinder their integration within society but also within the social welfare and health care. However, although they have all legal rights as the local population, refugeeism gives a specific earmark to the social aspects of aging of these persons, and hinders their integration into economic and social life.
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Montgomery, Judith K., and Gilbert R. Herer. "Future Watch." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 25, no. 3 (July 1994): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2503.130.
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Past trends leading to the present can be studied systematically to determine where a society may be in the future. Such an assessment of social, technological, economic, environmental, and political trends also allows alternative futures to be considered and pursued. This article reviews major trends that have an impact on everyone in the United States and, specifically, relates this larger perspective to the practices of speech-language pathologists and audiologists in our schools. Speech-language pathologists and audiologists are provided with trend information to help them understand the forces that soon will bear upon us, including social trends involving the elderly, baby boomers, women in the workforce, health care, and education; technology trends of genetic/molecular biology, computers, and virtual reality; economic trends of a global economy and an information-based society; and political trends of decentralization and modes of participation by people. From such an overview, many may wish to consider developing alternative futures to pursue within their practices.
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Radevic, Svetlana, Nela Djonovic, Natasa Mihailovic, Ivana Simic Vukomanovic, Katarina Janicijevic, Marija Sekulic, and Sanja Kocic. "Socio-Medical Aspects of Depression Among Elderly Adults in Serbia." Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 20, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjecr-2017-0065.
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Abstract Depression is the most frequent mental health problem in older age with serious consequences on personal, interpersonal and social level. The aim of this study was to determine the association of demographic factors, socio-economic factors and health status characteristics, with the presence of depressive symptoms in the elderly persons. The survey was conducted as a part of the national study “Health Survey of the Serbian population” in 2013. Data on the population aged 65 years and over were used for the purposes of this study (3540 respondents). PHQ-8 questionnaire was used to assess the presence of symptoms of depression. The relations between the presence of depressive symptoms, as a dependent variable, and a set of independent variables was examined by univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Depression (PHQ-8 score≥10) was registered in 10% of the population aged 65 and above, wherein it was statistically significantly higher in women (12.7%) than in men (6.5%). Limitations in performing of daily activities showed to be the strongest predictor of depression in the elderly, while respondents who have had serious limitations had even six times more chanse to develop depression (OR=6.84). Respondents who rated their health as “bad or very bad” for 49.5% more frequently manifested depressive symptoms compared to those who evaluated their health as “very good or good” (OR=3.49). Respondents who have had two or more chronic diseases were three times more likely to have depression (OR=3.1) compared to people without chronic disease.