Journal articles on the topic 'Economia informale'
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Mingione, Enzo. "Economia e economia informale." SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO, no. 113 (July 2009): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sl2009-113004.
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- Ethics and enterprises: a new and different approach to the theme The author re-reads the relationship between ethics and enterprises in the light of Polanyi's thought, advancing an open proposal, which is methodological and implies a macro point of view, and which involves all the social subsystems. In order to define the nature of ethics it is important to consider that it is essential to the life itself of enterprises and, according to Granovetter, to reconsider the idea that the economic action (rational action toward the aim) is a social action. This perspective highlights a different interpretation of ethics, which depends on the consideration of the enterprise without society, of the enterprise as autonomous from society and of the enterprise in the society, that is, as part of a logic of action coherent with the values of society.
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Coin, Francesca, Alberto De Nicola, and Spartaco Greppi. "Economia informale e lavoro digitale nella cashless society: una cartografia." SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO, no. 154 (September 2019): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sl2019-154002.
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Tiryaki, Gisele Ferreira. "A informalidade e as flutuações na atividade econômica." Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo) 38, no. 1 (March 2008): 97–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-41612008000100005.
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Vários trabalhos empíricos e teóricos apontam para o impacto negativo de um setor informal em expansão sobre o crescimento econômico. Este artigo mostra que a dimensão da economia informal afeta também a volatilidade dos ciclos econômicos. Geralmente, empreendimentos informais não se beneficiam de economias de escala; operam com uma combinação ineficiente de capital e trabalho e têm acesso restrito ao mercado financeiro. Os obstáculos encontrados para alavancagem financeira, por sua vez, dificultam a neutralização nas reduções de fluxo de caixa que ocorrem durante períodos de recessão econômica e fazem com que empreendimentos no setor informal sejam mais propensos ao insucesso. Utilizando a metodologia Generalized Method of Moments, o presente trabalho mostra que países com setores informais mais representativos enfrentam maior volatilidade na produção, investimento e consumo durante os ciclos econômicos.
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Morales, Fernando, Martha Denisse Pierola, and Dennis Sanchez-Navarro. "Import competition in the manufacturing sector in Peru: Its impact on informality and wages." Economia 44, no. 88 (December 16, 2021): 45–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/economia.202102.003.
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This paper studies the impact of import competition from China on labor outcomes in the Peruvian manufacturing sector in 2001–2010. Using data from the Peruvian Household Survey, we use a two-step procedure to evaluate the impact of the surge in imports from China on the likelihood of having an informal job and on wages in both the formal and informal sectors. On the first step, the results suggest that greater import competition increased—albeit weakly—the likelihood of having an informal job for workers with elementary education. On the second step, we find that the surge in imports from China was detrimental to wages of the least educated individuals with informal jobs—with no education and elementary education—, although we also find that this result is mostly driven by the presence of self-employed among informal workers. We also observe a wage increase among workers with formal jobs and elementary and high school education. These results are robust to the inclusion of different exclusion restrictions and even after accounting for industry-level growth which was strong during the period studied.
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Leigh, James. "El marketing en la economía informal peruana." Review of Global Management 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.19083/rgm.v2i1.660.
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El Perú es una de las economías más informales del mundo. Especícamente, somos el sexto país con mayor informalidad económica: el 61% de nuestro PBI es informal y el 90% de las empresas son informales (Radio Programas del Perú, 2015). Es vital que para cualquier empresa que es un actor en actividades comerciales, debiera entender lo importante que es este tema y sus aspectos y características más importantes.
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Teneda-Llerena, William Fabián, Edwin Santamaría-Freire, and María Dolores Guamán-Guevara. "El comercio informal como factor predominante en la economía local." UDA AKADEM, no. 2 (October 30, 2018): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33324/udaakadem.vi2.172.
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El estudio identifica la importancia del comercio informal en relación con la economía local. Por las repercusiones sociales y económicas del comercio, al estar constituido por personas que enfrentan el desempleo, la crisis económica y la falta de oportunidades, crean plazas de trabajo para generar ingresos para las familias, a través de actividades económicas fuera de las regulaciones u ordenanzas y que afectan al comercio formal. El objetivo es identificar en los comerciantes formales de los mercados de abastos de la ciudad, cómo la presencia de los comerciantes informales ha incidido en la cantidad de ventas realizadas en los puestos de productos orgánicos de las plazas y mercados de la ciudad de Ambato. Nos basamos en la pregunta ¿el incremento en el número de comerciantes informales influye en la reducción de ventas formales de productos orgánicos dentro de plazas y mercados de la ciudad de Ambato? El método de investigación utilizado es con enfoque en análisis de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos, a través de cifras económicas y cualidades de factores socioeconómicos. La muestra está constituida por 326 personas a quienes se les aplica un cuestionario. Los resultados demuestran que el incremento del comercio informal es causado por la crisis económica; que quienes se dedican a esta actividad dañan los espacios públicos. La creación de un plan de publicidad y promoción ayudará a mitigar este problema. Se determina que el comercio informal afecta a la economía local por incumplimiento de disposiciones legales y por obtener ingresos que no son declarados.
Palabras clave:
Calidad de vida, comercio informal, economía, mercados de abastos, regulaciones.
Abstract
The study identifies the importance of informal commerce in the local economy, due to the social and economic repercussions of trade, as it is made up of people facing unemployment, the economic crisis and lack of opportunities, generating work to earn income for their families, developing economic activities outside of regulations or ordinances and affecting formal trade. The objective is to identify in the formal traders of the city’s supply markets, how the presence of informal merchants has affected the amount of sales made in the organic product stalls of the squares and markets of Ambato City. Based on the question, does the increase in the number of informal merchants influence the reduction of formal sales of organic products within squares and markets of Ambato City? The research method used is focused on the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data, requiring the measurement of economic figures and the qualities of socioeconomic factors. The sample is made up of 326 people to whom a questionnaire is applied. The results show that the increase in informal commerce is due to the economic crisis, and that those who engage in this activity damage public spaces. The creation of an advertising and promotion plan will help mitigate this problem. It is determined that informal trade affects directly the local economy for breach of legal provisions and obtain income that is not declared.
Keywords:
Quality of life, informal commerce, economy, markets of supplies, regulations.
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Rodríguez Lozano, Gloria Isabel, and Mayda Alejandra Calderón Díaz. "La economía informal y el desempleo: el caso de la ciudad de Bucaramanga (Colombia)." Innovar 25, no. 55 (January 1, 2015): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v25n55.47195.
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Se entiende por economía informal o economías subterráneas un conjunto de actividades que están catalogadas en el sector informal de la economía. La informalidad es un fenómeno que se ha presentado en la economía de los países desarrollados y en vía de desarrollo desde décadas atrás, pero a partir de los años setenta, dadas las necesidades de los gobiernos y de organizaciones internacionales, se han realizado numerosos estudios acerca de las economías informales. Estos han sido realizados por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) y por diversos autores que han proporcionado un sinnúmero de investigaciones, que han permitido entrever la importancia de la informalidad en las economías del mundo, en vista de que existen excedentes de mano de obra y pocos puestos de trabajo, lo que genera desempleo que, a su vez, conlleva la existencia de la informalidad.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la economía informal y el desempleo en la ciudad de Bucaramanga, como muestra del excedente de la mano de obra santandereana que no puede ser absorbida en su totalidad por la economía local, generando la existencia de economías informales, mal llamadas "independientes", que no solo no pagan impuestos o no están registradas en la Cámara de Comercio de Bucaramanga sino que, de igual forma, son generadoras de empleos informales y de ingresos.
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Lambooy, Jan. "Informele economie, informele stad." AGORA Magazine 20, no. 3 (October 1, 2004): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/agora.v20i3.10155.
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Berens, Sarah. "Opting for Exit: Informalization, Social Policy Discontent, and Lack of Good Governance." Latin American Politics and Society 62, no. 2 (March 23, 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lap.2019.58.
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ABSTRACTThe informal sector challenges economic growth and hinders the abatement of income disparities in developing countries. This study argues that a weak and poorly governed welfare state can cause the informal sector to increase when individuals use it as an exit option from an unsatisfying welfare system. The article explores how the welfare state’s benefit structure and citizens’ trust in institutions to deliver public goods affect the likelihood of informality. A logistic hierarchical model, based on cross-sectional survey data from Latin America and the Caribbean and descriptive panel data from Brazil, is used to test the hypothesis. Findings reveal that social policy discontent, low trust, an elitist distribution of welfare benefits, and dysfunctional institutions increase the likelihood of being informally employed. However, workers with greater agency—the better-educated—seem notably less likely to informalize when social policy benefits are targeted toward their own socioeconomic group.
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Carretero Ares, José Luis, Begoña Cueva Oliver, Asunción Vidal Martínez, María Vicenta Rigo Martínez, and José Rafael Lobato Cañón. "The informal economy: an occupational health issue." Archivos de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales 20, no. 1 (January 15, 2017): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12961/aprl.2017.20.01.5.
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Dávila Morán, Roberto Carlos. "Empleo en la economía informal: mayor amenaza que la pandemia del covid-19." Telos Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales 23, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36390/telos232.12.
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La pandemia del COVID-19 parece perjudicar de manera desigual a las personas con empleo informal, que con menos frecuencia reciben ayuda del gobierno que las personas con empleo formal. El propósito de este ensayo es realizar un análisis reflexivo sobre empleo en la economía informal en tiempos de pandemia provocada por el COVID 19. La metodología se basa en una investigación documental, en el que se tomaron en consideración diversas fuentes documentales como artículos publicados en revistas científicas e informes de organismos internacionales, con el fin de documentar el problema; entre los principales autores para el desarrollo documental se tienen Williams y Horodnic (2016a, 2016b), ILO (2014), ILO (2015) y Webb et al., (2020). La pandemia tiene efectos importantes a corto y largo plazo para el empleo informal y la economía informal. La pandemia del COVID-19 podría apresurar las tendencias actuales y obligar nuevas soluciones para preservar la seguridad básica del trabajo mientras ayuda a las organizaciones a seguir siendo competitivas. Las políticas gubernamentales que promueven la seguridad laboral de los ingresos, los movimientos hacia la formalización del empleo y la equidad para los empleados informales son peculiarmente considerables. Los resultados proponen que los gobiernos deben tener en cuenta atentamente el apoyo claro a quienes tienen empleos informales para crear estructuras justas, resilientes y éticas para los trabajadores, las industrias, las economías y sociedad en general. Como conclusiones se tiene que la reingeniería de la economía pos pandemia puede conducir a una reconsideración de las prácticas de empleo ampliamente utilizadas que tienden a reducir las condiciones de los trabajadores y la protección de la salud, a fin de obtener una ventaja competitiva.
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Gómez Jiménez, Aurora. "La economía informal y el turismo en Costa Rica: Estudio de caso en Guanacaste." Universidad en Diálogo: Revista de Extensión 9, no. 1 (June 6, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/udre.9-1.1.
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La informalidad es un problema recurrente en la economía actual, especialmente en los países en desarrollo. La pobreza y el subempleo son parte de las principales realidades en lugares turísticos en el mundo en desarrollo, incluyendo Costa Rica. El desempleo, la demanda de fuerza laboral altamente calificada, la edad, temas de género y largos trámites administrativos son algunas de las causas por las que la economía informal se mantiene presente en nuestras sociedades. Este estudio trata de acercarse a la realidad del empleo informal en Costa Rica, específicamente en la provincia de Guanacaste, a través de un análisis descriptivo de datos recopilados en los textos y del trabajo de campo. A través de entrevistas con trabajadores informales se busca entender este fenómeno económico social desde el punto de vista de las personas que sufren estas condiciones y así tener un panorama más amplio sobre la problemática en esta zona turística del país. Entre las recomendaciones del estudio, se resaltan propuestas de integración y estrategias organizativas a tener en cuenta en políticas públicas que, lejos de crear más barreras laborales, sociales y económicas, apoyen acciones que involucren la participación de los gobiernos nacionales, las autoridades locales, el sector privado, los trabajadores informales y los turistas nacionales e internacionales para la reducción de la economía informal y la promoción del desarrollo productivo, equitativo y justo para todos.
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Cardenas, Jeisson, Jaime Montana, and David Bosworth. "Which Workers are Most Exposed to covid-19 and Social Distancing Effects in a Dual Labour Market?" Revista de Economía del Rosario 24, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/economia/a.10549.
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This paper provides evidence for the different potential effects of covid-19 on formal and informal employment, using the work-from-home (Dingel & Neiman, 2020; Saltiel, 2020) and the proximity occupation approaches (Mongey et al., 2020) in Colombia. We found that only 13 % of informal employment positions can be performed from home (remotely) and that the figure for formal employment is twice as large (20 %). We recoded the raw occupational responses of the Colombian Household Survey to a granular level to directlycombine occupational information from two sources: O*net and step. We then calculated work-from-home estimates, extracting cohesive results from both sources. We investigated how personal and household characteristics relate to work-from-home and proximity and provide sound evidence for a larger effect on the informal population and its association with vulnerability (lower income and education levels, no internet access, poorworking conditions). Standard employment policies will not impact directly on the most vulnerable populations in developing countries where informal employment is the norm.
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López Castaño, Hugo. "Diagnostico y Políticas para el sector informal en Colombia." Lecturas de Economía, no. 21 (March 8, 2011): 133–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n21a7957.
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• Resumen: El empleo “informal" representa el 55% del empleo total en las cuatro grandes capitales colombianas (Bogotá, Medellín, Cali y Barranquilla) y el 63% en las ciudades intermedias. Se sitúa al margen de las reglamentaciones legales en materia de seguridad social, salario mínimo y normas de organización urbana. Opera en mercados –Laborales o de bienes y servicios- que son flexibles en cuanto a remuneraciones, a diferencias del sector “moderno”, en donde salarios y condiciones laborales están regulados por normas Legales y acuerdos obrero-patronales de todo tipo. Debido a ello las crisis producen desempleo en la economía moderna y caídas de ingreso en la economía informal. Este artículo explora la diferenciación interna de esta última (existiría un componente de miseria que se explica exclusivamente por desempleo y un componente potencialmente eficaz que aprovechará las ventajas comparativas que tienen en algunas normas de negocios de pequeña escala). Examina las políticas estatal y privada frente a este sector y propone una estrategia (económica y jurídica) destinada a crear empleos alternativos para las actividades informales más precarias y demanda apoyo institucional para aquellas que son potencialmente eficaces. • Abstract: The "informal" economy employs some 60 percent of Colombian urban workers. It operates al the margin of legal requirements concerning social security; minimum wages, and urban zoning. The markets involved, both for labor and goods and services, are characterized by their flexibility, in sharp contrast to the rigidities of the modern sector of the economy. The implication of this is that generalized economic crises have quite a different impact on the two parts of the national economy, the modern sector being characterized by unemployment, the other by income falls. This difference requires the development of different policies for the two sectors. This paper considers public and private policies directed towards the "informal" sector and proposes an economic and judicial strategy designed to improve the situation therein.
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Muñoz, Ruth. "Economía urbana y economia social. Un reconocimiento pendiente." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 15, no. 2 (November 30, 2013): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2013v15n2p107.
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La economía urbana (EU) surgió de la mano de propuestas espacialistas y economicismos y continúa siendo tallada por estas A pesar de una evidente institucionalización de la economía social y solidaria (ESS) en América Latina, que da cuenta de un creciente pluralismo económico, en la EU perdura la hegemonía del enfoque del sector informal urbano y sus presiones por transformar en capitalistas cada práctica de economía popular. Buscando el reconocimiento de la economía social (ES) en este campo, el artículo ilustra brevemente la institucionalización de la ESS y plantea una provocativa exploración por poner en diálogo a la ES con la teoría de los dos circuitos. Un diálogo como este constituye una deuda pendiente que puede aportar a la disputa del campo así como a encontrar mejores comprensiones y, también, a transformar las economías de nuestros territorios en un sentido progresivo.Palabras-clave: economía urbana; dos circuitos de la economía urbana; economía social; economía social y solidaria; economía popular. Abstract: The urban economy has been hardly influenced by spatial proposals and economicism. In Latin America, while the institutionalization of social and solidarity economy of the last few years shows a growing economic pluralism, in the urban economy field persists the hegemony of urban informal sector perspective, and its pressures of transforming in capitalist every popular economy practice. Seeking for recognition of social economy in this field, the article succinctly illustrates social and solidarity institutionalization in the region and suggests a provocative exploration to put in dialogue social economy with two circuits of urban economy theory. Such a dialogue is considered as a debt, which we understand could contribute to dispute the field, to get better explanations and also to transform in a progressive sense the economy of our territories. Keywords: urban: economy; two circuits of urban economy; social economy; social and solidarity economy; popular economy.
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Frey, Bruno S., and J. J. Thomas. "Informal Economic Activity." Economica 61, no. 242 (May 1994): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2554966.
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Bohnet, Iris, and J. J. Thomas. "Informal Economic Activity." Economic Journal 104, no. 422 (January 1994): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2234693.
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Pisani, Michael J. "Challenges to Formality from Formal Firms Behaving Informally: Evidence from Central America." Economía y Administración (E&A) 12, no. 2 (December 14, 2021): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/eya.v12i2.12974.
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This research explores the competitive environment for urban formal sector firms competing against peer formal sector firms behaving informally in Central America. Explored is the upper bound of the formal-informal continuum in a regional economic environment of persistent and widespread economic informality where formal firms may employ informal tactics to gain competitive advantage versus their formal competitors. The 2010 World Bank Enterprise Surveys form the basis for empirical analyses. The results suggest formal firms utilizing informal practices is widespread and is influenced by firm maturity, firm location, industry sector, firm legal status, firm organization, ownership composition, regulatory environment, international quality certification, web presence, entry into global markets, and firm size.
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Bertogg, Ariane, and Susanne Strauss. "Spousal care-giving arrangements in Europe. The role of gender, socio-economic status and the welfare state." Ageing and Society 40, no. 4 (October 8, 2018): 735–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18001320.
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AbstractSpouses (and partners) are the most important source of care in old age. Informal care for frail spouses is provided by both sexes and across all socio-economic backgrounds and welfare policy contexts. There are, however, interesting differences as to whether spouses care alone, receive informal support from other family members or formal support from professional helpers, or outsource the care of their spouse completely. The present article contributes to the literature by differentiating between solo spousal care-giving and shared or outsourced care-giving arrangements, as well as between formal and informal care support. Moreover, we show how care-giving arrangements vary with gender, socio-economic status and welfare policy. Adding to previous research, we compare 17 countries and their expenditures on two elder-care schemes: Cash-for-Care and Care-in-Kind. The empirical analyses draw on the most recent wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data from 2015. Our results show that men have a higher propensity to share care-giving than women, albeit only with informal supporters. As expected, welfare policy plays a role insofar as higher expenditure on Cash-for-Care schemes encourage informally outsourced care-giving arrangements, whereas Care-in-Kind reduce the likelihood for informally shared or outsourced care-giving arrangements. Moreover, the influence of these welfare policy measures differs between individuals of different socio-economic status but not between men and women.
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Ramos Soto, Ana Luz. "Sector informal, economía informal e informalidad / Informal sector, informal economy and informality." RIDE Revista Iberoamericana para la Investigación y el Desarrollo Educativo 6, no. 11 (October 12, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23913/ride.v6i11.172.
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El objetivo de la presente propuesta es analizar la economía informal y cómo esta participa en la generación de autoempleo en la economía mexicana. Para ello se describen los conceptos del sector informal, la informalidad y la economía informal, y se analizan diferentes indicadores que permiten medir el fenómeno de estudio. En el trabajo de campo se utilizaron fuentes de información secundaria que permitieron identificar el porcentaje de la población ocupada en este sector durante el periodo 2003-2015, constatando así que 13.5 millones de personas formaron parte del sector informal en el año 2014.
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Miranda Guatumillo, Mario Andrés, Bernardo Zambrano Velasco, Esther Briggitte Castellanos Espinoza, and Katehryn Zatizabal Morán. "La realidad del mercado informal de Quito en tiempos de pandemia COVID-19, 2020." Revista Publicando 8, no. 30 (January 7, 2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51528/rp.vol8.id2187.
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El año 2020 fue un periodo complicado para la economía mundial debido a la emergencia sanitaria producida por la pandemia COVID-19, no siendo la excepción los países de América Latina ni Ecuador. En el caso de Quito, capital de Ecuador, la incidencia de la pandemia ha hecho que los niveles de desempleo aumenten, y por tanto, la informalidad también. La ciudad ya venía atravesando en los últimos años serios problemas en la política laboral donde su economía informal es la segunda más representativa a nivel nacional, después de Guayaquil. Por ello, es importante conocer cómo se ha visto afectado el mercado informal de Quito en el año 2020. Para la obtención de los datos, se aplicó un enfoque cualitativo y el diseño de investigación de carácter documental y bibliográfico, siendo las principales fuentes el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censo (INEC) y la Encuesta Nacional Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (ENEMDU). La investigación tiene como conclusión que el 13,90% de la Población Económicamente Activa (PEA) de Quito pertenece al mercado informal, siendo en su mayoría jóvenes, quienes se dedican a vender productos como ropa, alimentos, entre otros, de forma ambulante. Así mismo, existen 9.606 comerciantes informales en la ciudad de Quito, de los cuales, el 70% de los comerciantes informales cuentan con permisos para vender, mientras que el 30% restante son autónomos y no están regulados.
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Peña-Pita, Amalia Priscila, Martha Cecilia Sarmiento-Mejía, and Ana Teresa Castro-Torres. "Caracterización, riesgos ocupacionales y percepción de salud de vendedores informales de lotería y chance." Revista Ciencia y Cuidado 14, no. 1 (January 4, 2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/17949831.807.
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Objetivo: analizar las características sociodemográficas, percepción de la salud y riesgos ocupacionales de la población de vendedores informales de lotería y chance de Villavicencio y Yopal. Materiales y Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo. La muestra no aleatoria estuvo integrada por 249 vendedores informales. Las variables estudiadas fueron: características sociodemográficas y económicas, afiliación al sistema general de salud, nivel de ingreso, responsabilidad en el hogar, propiedad de la vivienda, factores de riesgo ocupacionales y condiciones laborales. Como instrumento de recolección de información se utilizó la Encuesta del Ministerio de Salud para Trabajadores Informales. Resultados: la mayoría de vendedores de lotería y chance son mayores de 40 años, mujeres, casados o en unión libre. Se observó una baja afiliación a pensiones y riesgos laborales, y con ingresos inferiores a un salario mínimo legal mensual vigente en un 80%. Las condiciones de trabajo, sobre todo las ambientales y de seguridad, son precarias; aun así, la auto percepción de salud como mala o regular no supera el 50%. Conclusión: población muy vulnerable en cuanto a sus ingresos y condiciones futuras de ingreso para protección en la vejez. PALABRAS CLAVE: condiciones de trabajo, salud laboral, riegos laborales.Characterization, occupational risks and perception of health of informal lottery vendorsABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the socio-demographic characteristics, health perception and occupational risks of the population of street lottery retailers in Villavicencio and Yopal. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and prospective study. The non-aleatory sample was made by 249 informal vendors. The variables studied were: socio-demographic and economic characteristics, affiliation to the general health system, level of income, home responsibility, homeownership, occupational risk factors and work conditions. As an instrument of data collection the Department of Health for Informal Workers Survey was used. Results: most of the lottery retailers are older than 40, women, married or cohabiting. A low affiliation to pension and occupational risks was observed, and with incomes lower than a monthly minimum wage valid in an 80%. The work conditions, most importantly the environment and security conditions, are precarious; nonetheless, the self-perception of health as bad or regular does not reach 50%. Conclusion: very vulnerable population regarding income and future conditions of income for old age protection.KEYWORDS: working conditions, occupational health, occupational risks.Caracterização, riscos ocupacionais e percepção de saúde de vendedores informais de loteria RESUMOObjetivo: analisar as características sócio-demográficas, percepção da saúde e riscos ocupacionais da população de vendedores ambulantes de loteria nas cidades de Villavicencio e Yopal na Colômbia. Materiais e Métodos: estudo descritivo, transversal e prospectivo. A amostragem não aleatória esteve integrada por 249 vendedores informais. As variáveis estudadas foram: características sócio-demográficas e económicas, afiliação à rede de saúde, nível de ingresso, responsabilidade no lar, casa própria ou não, fatores de risco ocupacionais e condições de trabalho. Como instrumento de recolecção de informação se utilizou a Pesquisa de Opinião do Ministério de Saúde para Trabalhadores Informais. Resultados: a maioria de vendedores de loteria são maiores de 40 anos, mulheres, casadas ou em união libre. Observou-se uma baixa afiliação a Fundo Social de Pensão e Riscos de Trabalho, e com ingressos inferiores a um salário mínimo legal mensal vigente num 80%. As condições de trabalho, sobre todo as ambientais e de seguridade, são precárias; ainda assim, a auto percepção de saúde como má ou regular não supera o 50%. Conclusão: população muito vulnerável em quanto a seus ingressos e condições futuras de ingresso para proteção na velhice. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: condições de trabalho, saúde do trabalhador, riscos ocupacionais.
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Fischer, Nilton B. "Economia informal e formação humana." TRAVESSIA - revista do migrante, no. 16 (April 30, 1993): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.48213/travessia.i16.352.
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A sobrevivência de homens e mulheres, migrantes e moradores das periferias urbanas no Brasil, vem dependendo cada vez mais de atividades produtivas do setor informal da economia. Conforme Médici e Souza Aguiar, “entre 1980 e 1990, a renda per capita brasileira caiu 6% em meio ao recrudescimento da inflação, desemprego e da crise fiscal do Estado. O setor informal do mercado de trabalho teve expressivos aumentos, num contexto onde as más condições de vida urbana se intensificaram ao sabor da violência e do explosivo crescimento das aglomerações de baixa renda” (l). Neste artigo pretendemos fazer uma análise preliminar sobre a apropriação de categorias da economia pelos participantes dos projetos de educação popular (que têm se desenvolvido em Porto Alegre, nos últimos cinco anos, com mulherescatadoras/recicladoras), suas relações com a ecologia, bem como o papel do Estado nesse processo.
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Hartono, Setyo Budi, Jarot Dian Susatyono, and Abdul Kholiq. "PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKAD MUDHĀRABAH BANK SYARIAH BERBASIS DSS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE AHP." Economica: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 7, no. 1 (November 2, 2016): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/economica.2016.7.1.1036.
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This research aims to develop a scoring system awarding financial cooperation that existed at Syariah Banking using various contract in it. The development of this system will replace the performance of the analytical assess and decide on the granting of the contract to mudhārib. With this system will streamline the performance of the analysis in maximizing profits at BMT. Given the increased profitability for the results to be obtained by sahib al-mal will also increase. The methodology in this research is to analyze the process towards a needs assessment, process analysis and counting processes are the priorities of the system. This study resulted in a system that will be applied in analyzing the Mudharabah where deemed profitable or have a larger revenue share.
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Gonin, V., and R. Gladkikh. "Identification of macroeconomic aspects affecting the scale of informal employment." Transbaikal State University Journal 27, no. 4 (2021): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-4-107-114.
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The relevance of the study is to determine the scale of informal employment, as well as to identify the factors affecting this segment of the economy. In the course of the study, a relationship was established between informal employment and the following indicators: unemployment, investment levels, small business development, and average wages. The relationship between the presented macroeconomic factors was revealed, both in the short term by means of correlation analysis and in the long term by tracking changes in the dynamics of informal employment and the presented macroeconomic factors for the period from 2010 to 2019. This study supports the theory of E. de Soto about the forced specifics of informal economic activity, in other words, when there is no employment opportunity (too difficult) in the official economy, citizens are forced to resort to the informal sector of the economy in order to replenish their well-being. In a situation where welfare increases, economic actors can transform and move to employment in the official economy. However, the data obtained in the short-term period did not find confirmation in comparison with the long-term, on the contrary, they showed the opposite picture, which indicates the heterogeneity of informal employment in Russia. Previously, citizens involved in informal labour relations were assessed exclusively as low-skilled, uneducated employees. Currently, informal employment is more assessed as a certain economic activity with its own specifics. Based on the results of the study, a set of measures was drawn up to help reduce the number of informally employed citizens, and to withdraw some of the informal economic entities into the official economy
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Giraldo Duque, Cesar Augusto. "La Informalidad como estilo de vida o una solución a la crisis económica." Pensamiento udecino 3, no. 1 (November 22, 2019): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36436/23824905.149.
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Para el desarrollo de este artículo se han tomado como referente las personas dedicadas a las ventas informales, ventas estacionarias, ventas de a pie, vendedores de mercancía, comidas y artículos, que cumplen con las características de trabajadores informales. La economía informal es un tema del cual se habla en todos los países y continentes del mundo y pensar en darle solución a esta problemática es algo difícil de tratar ya que la economía informal no solo se da con las ventas informales, también se da en cualquier tipo de transacción económica que no se registre ante el estado tal como el pago de un arriendo, el pago por un servicio prestado , las actividades del hogar y todas las acciones que incurran actividades laborales pagas o no pagas. El origen de la informalidad se da desde que el hombre empezó a desempeñar actividades comerciales pues este realiza intercambios económicos de forma libre en plazas de mercado, calles y estaciones de transporte, el caso más antiguo de informalidad se evidencia en la biblia en Juan 2:13 -25 cuando dice que Jesús saca a los vendedores que habían convertido la iglesia en una casa de mercado (Arango, López y Misas, 2006). La informalidad ha sido un sistema económico con el cual ha sobrevivido muchas familias a lo largo de la historia, está en un principio no era ilegal ya que los reyes cobraban impuestos generalizados por la producción y la protección que lentamente se fue legalizando hasta llegar a convertirse hoy en día en los impuestos a las ventas, impuestos a la renta y demás impuestos que los estados cobran a los comerciantes y consumidores por cualquier tipo de transacción económica que éste debidamente registrada, mientras los que no se han legalizado siguen en una economía subterránea que ahora es perseguida y considerada un delito puesto que los vendedores informales no pagan impuestos ni servicios públicos, se ubican en calles, andenes, parques sin dar ningún tipo de retribución al estado. Es importante tener en cuenta que los trabajadores informales no son un tema nuevo en la economía mundial, este se viene tratando hace cientos de años y solo en las últimas décadas los estados se han preocupado por el incremento del mismo ya que su economía se ha visto afectada en la recaudación de impuestos y en la cantidad de personas que trabajan sin prestaciones sociales que tarde o temprano se convierten en una carga económica para el estado.
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Leguizamón T., Manuel. "Empleo formal e informal en el sector turístico en Colombia." Turismo y Sociedad 18 (June 15, 2016): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.18601/01207555.n18.10.
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No es suficiente seguir argumentando que el turismo es una actividad intensiva en la generación de empleo. Se acepta que esta actividad, por ser polisémica y convergente, no solo demanda mayor empleo en comparación con otras actividades, sino que este es diversificado y con competencias laborales específicas. El encadenamiento productivo que requiere el producto turístico competitivo asocia empresas que, por su tamaño, forman parte de la denominada economía informal; muchas veces estas empresas son concomitantes con el empleo informal. Este empleo informal se asocia a condiciones vulnerables, sin cobertura de seguridad social, sin los beneficios laborales deseables, con un ingreso inferior al formal, entre otras limitantes. En este documento se analiza cuál es la participación del denominado empleo informal en el sector turístico colombiano y cómo se está propendiendo a la formalización de las empresas que aún desarrollan su actividad basadas en la condición de informales o “alegales”.
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RINOJ P K, RINOJ P. K. "A study on Unorganized Sector and India’s Informal Economy." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 7 (January 1, 2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/july2014/47.
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VACLAVIK, MARCIA CRISTIANE, ANDREA POLETO OLTRAMARI, and SIDINEI ROCHA DE OLIVEIRA. "Empresariando a informalidade: um debate teórico à luz da gig economy." Cadernos EBAPE.BR 20, no. 2 (March 2022): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1679-395120210065.
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Resumo É inegável a importância econômica e social do trabalho informal como característica histórica do mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Neste ensaio, ao articular os eixos da informalidade e dos mercados laborais digitais, típicos da gig economy, defende-se a tese do “empresariamento da informalidade”, em que grandes empresas passam a mediar relações por meio de plataformas on-line, utilizando o trabalho informal. Esse fenômeno reorganiza e amplifica a informalidade, criando um novo estatuto laboral em que são mescladas características de atividade formal, como controle, avaliação de desempenho e incentivos financeiros, e informal, pela natureza autônoma e pela falta de vínculos trabalhistas. No Brasil, meios de alocação de mão de obra mediados por aplicativos têm crescido substancialmente, reforçando a necessidade de investigação teórica e empírica do fenômeno.
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Castillo-Urco, Christian, Marcelo Mancheno-Saá, and Jenny Gamboa-Salinas. "Panorama socioeconómico de los emprendedores de la economía informal de la ciudad de Ambato-Ecuador." CIENCIA UNEMI 13, no. 33 (May 4, 2020): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol13iss33.2020pp47-58p.
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El empleo en la economía informal se ha convertido en un refugio que permite la subsistencia de las personas que se encuentran desempleadas, en el Ecuador se calcula que actualmente el 46,7% de la Población Económicamente Activa (PEA) trabaja dentro de la economía informal y en la ciudad de Ambato este fenómeno se ha incrementado relativamente ante la falta de oportunidades en el mercado laboral. La literatura aborda a la economía informal desde el aspecto económico descuidando el aspecto social, por lo tanto, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar las condiciones de vida desde el aspecto socioeconómico, físico, psicológico y ambiental. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron evaluar las condiciones de vida, para el cual se utilizó como instrumento una encuesta basada las preguntas del cuestionario Condiciones de Vida del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC), para la construcción del Índice de Condiciones de Vida (ICV) propuesta por el Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), para la recopilación de la información participaron 383 emprendedores informales de la ciudad de Ambato. Los principales resultados evidenciaron un índice de condiciones de vida 0.34 en una escala en donde un índice cercano a 0 indica mejores condiciones y 1 refleja condiciones desfavorables.
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Carranco Paredes, Santiago Francisco. "informal Economy in Ecuador." INNOVA Research Journal 3, no. 9 (September 29, 2018): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33890/innova.v3.n9.2018.624.
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This paper will analyse the effects of the economic changes that Correa’s government introduced on Ecuadorian policies, mainly focussing on the consequence that this policy had on the informal sector and unemployment. There aims of this work is to discuss how this modification to the economical policies have contributed to the development of the country and analyse the sustainability of the mentioned policies in order to contribute to the understanding about the informal economy from a non-western perspective, in this case using as an example the case of Ecuador.
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Bhimji, Fazila. "Supporting Searchers’ Desire for Emplacement in Berlin: Informal Practices in Defiance of an (Im)mobility Regime." Migration Letters 18, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v18i2.1182.
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The article traces the ways in which refugees in precarious legal and economic circumstances in Lagers (refugee camps) in Germany participate in informal practices to reverse their displaced positions. More specifically, the paper demonstrates how refugees work in conjunction with a Berlin-based solidarity group in order to find access to informally organized housing outside of the formal bureaucratic state system. The study shows that refugees’ engagement with informal structures must be understood as struggles towards emplacement and formality. Much scholarship has discussed the economic aspects of informality in the global South and post-socialist countries. However, there is little discussion on how refugees may engage in informal practices within the nation-state in order to find emplacement and achieve formality. The article additionally demonstrates how informal acts are co-produced between citizens and refugees in the process of searching and offering of living places outside state defined formal systems. Thus, informality needs to be understood as resistance against displacement, struggles towards emplacement and formality. The study draws on ethnographic data and on-going participation in a Berlin-based grassroots group, Schlafplatzorga, which supports refugees on an informal level with temporary accommodation.
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Santos Vieira de Jesus, Diego. "À Margem da Margem: LGBTs e a economia noturna do samba nas Zonas Norte e Oeste do Rio de Janeiro ." Revista Baru - Revista Brasileira de Assuntos Regionais e Urbanos 4, no. 1 (September 28, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18224/baru.v4i1.6477.
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O objetivo é examinar por que as opções de entretenimento da economia noturna LGBT ou LGBT-friendly vieram crescendo nas Zonas Norte e Oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro desde a década de 1990, em particular os eventos nas quadras das escolas de samba e as rodas de samba. O argumento central aponta que essas opções de entretenimento são mais baratas, informais e acessíveis a um público de menor poder aquisitivo, permitindo a geração de renda e emprego e estimulando o consumo após o aumento do poder de compra da população com programas de inclusão social.
At the Margin of The Margin: LGBTS and the Night Economy of Samba in the Northern and
The purpose of this article is to examine why the entertainment options of the LGBT or LGBT-friendly night economy have been growing in the Northern and Western Zones of the city of Rio de Janeiro since the 1990s, in particular the events at samba square compounds and samba rounds. The central argument points out that these entertainment options are cheaper, more informal and more accessible to the lower income public. They also generate income and employment and stimulated consumption after the increasing of the purchasing power of the population with social inclusion programs.
Al Margen del Margen: LGBTS y la Economía Nocturna del Samba en las Zonas Norte y Oeste de Río de Janeiro
El objetivo es examinar por qué las opciones de entretenimiento de la economía nocturna LGBT o LGBT-friendly crecieron en las Zonas Norte y Oeste de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro desde la década de 1990, en particular los eventos en las canchas de las escuelas de samba y las ruedas de samba. El argumento central apunta que estas opciones de entretenimiento son más baratas, informales y accesibles a un público de menor poder adquisitivo, permitiendo la generación de renta y empleo y estimulando el consumo después del aumento del poder adquisitivo de la población con programas de inclusión social.
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Eguia, Rec. "SHADOW ECONOMY: EFFICIENCY AND RESILIENCY OF INFORMAL TRADING INDUSTRY OF NON CONVENTION SIZE SHIPS (NCSS) IN TAWI TAWI PROVINCE." BIMP-EAGA Journal for Sustainable Tourism Development 4, no. 2 (December 12, 2015): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/bimpeagajtsd.v4i2.3186.
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This study aims to investigate the efficiency and resiliency of the informal economy of trading industry of non convention size ships (NCSS) in Tawi Tawi Province. A Social Benefit Cost Analysis was undertaken to quantify the benefits and costs associated with the transactions of the market players of the industry which include vessel owners, traders, Bureau of Customs, Maritime, LGUs, Consumers and shadow authorities governing the informal trading of goods in the province in particular; and estimate the shadow economic contribution to ARMM economy in general. Findings revealed that NCSS informal trading are equally beneficial in terms of private and social profitability of industry players and consumers. This explains the shape of resiliency in the industry structure, conduct and performance of the NCSS informaltrading. The study further demonstrated that the shadow economic activity of NCSS industry is socially and economically beneficial in maintaining the balance of peace and resiliency of the population in the area; and the shadow industry contributed informally in the aggregate economic performance of the province.
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Yelwa, Mohammed, S. A. J. Obansa Awe, and Emmanuel Omonoyi. "Informality, Inclusiveness and Economic Growth in Nigeria." International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 1, no. 10 (2015): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.110.1003.
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The concept of inclusive growth requires analysis of how employment opportunities arise and change with growth process. Economic growth can be accompanied by an increase in informal employment. Informality may support growth by reducing labor cost and improving competitiveness. However, a well-functioning and regulated informal economy will be a critical prerequisite to achieve sustainable growth. In addition, a widespread informality with regard to employment, enterprise, and productive activities is frequently perceived as a barrier to full participation in the economy and as a hindrance to long-run economic development and poverty alleviation. This is because the link between, informality, growth and inclusiveness is not fully understood. Inclusive growth has been defined as growth that takes place in a context in which economic opportunities-including employment opportunities expand, the poor’s access to these opportunities improves, and inequalities are reduced. This paper seeks to investigate the impact of informal sector activities, inclusiveness and economic growth in Nigeria. A survey method will be use to collect data from 150 informal sector operators in Gwagwalada area council-FCT. Data will be collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed with multivariate Panel Logit model statistic in order to identify the perception of socio-economic impact of Informal sectors on economic growth in Nigeria. The findings revealed that informal sector operators has a positive and significant impact on growth in Nigeria; while poverty-mentality, illiteracy, high inflation, low infrastructure, access to credit, social safety nets and information dissemination are the major problems encountered by these institutions. The paper recommends among other things the education of the rural poor to embark on viable projects, infrastructural development and favorable government policies so as to regulate the sector becomes relevant
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Cuenca Gonzaga, Marlown. "La forma de lo informal : lectura sin escala de los barrios informales de Quito desde la teoría de la forma colectiva de Maki = The form of the informal: Non-stop reading of informal neighborhoods in Quito from the theory of Maki." Territorios en formación, no. 16 (December 29, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/tf.2019.16.4224.
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ResumenLa informalidad es parte del paisaje urbano en la ciudad de Quito, ha crecido deprisa y heterogéneamente, desbordada por condicionantes físicas y condicionantes económico-sociales propias de la evolución de las ciudades modernas latinoamericanas, cuya economía depende directamente de la extracción de recursos naturales, esto ha creado dos ciudades con características diferenciadas: la ciudad formal y la ciudad informal. Este estudio trata de entender estos dos modelos a través de una herramienta que analice las relaciones de los componentes urbanos insertados en la globalidad de la complejidad urbana. Desde la hipótesis se comprueba que los barrios de invasión y autoconstrucción generan mecanismos y procesos urbanos evolutivos, que guardan mejores relaciones escalares y relaciones internas de conectividad más dinámicas e intensas que los sistemas planificados convencionales para la vivienda social.AbstractInformality is part of the urban landscape in the city of Quito, it has grown rapidly and heterogeneously, overwhelmed by physical conditions and socio-economic conditions of the evolution of modern Latin American cities, whose economy depends directly on the extraction of natural resources. has created two cities with different characteristics: the formal city and the informal city. This study tries to understand these two models through a tool that analyzes the relationships of the urban components inserted in the globality of urban complexity. From the hypothesis it is verified that the neighborhoods of invasion and self-construction generate evolutionary urban mechanisms and processes, which have better scalar relationships and internal connectivity relationships that are more dynamic and intense than the conventional planned systems for social housing.
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Cuenca Gonzaga, Marlown. "La forma de lo informal : lectura sin escala de los barrios informales de Quito desde la teoría de la forma colectiva de Maki = The form of the informal: Non-stop reading of informal neighborhoods in Quito from the theory of Maki." Territorios en formación, no. 16 (December 29, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/tf.2020.16.4224.
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ResumenLa informalidad es parte del paisaje urbano en la ciudad de Quito, ha crecido deprisa y heterogéneamente, desbordada por condicionantes físicas y condicionantes económico-sociales propias de la evolución de las ciudades modernas latinoamericanas, cuya economía depende directamente de la extracción de recursos naturales, esto ha creado dos ciudades con características diferenciadas: la ciudad formal y la ciudad informal. Este estudio trata de entender estos dos modelos a través de una herramienta que analice las relaciones de los componentes urbanos insertados en la globalidad de la complejidad urbana. Desde la hipótesis se comprueba que los barrios de invasión y autoconstrucción generan mecanismos y procesos urbanos evolutivos, que guardan mejores relaciones escalares y relaciones internas de conectividad más dinámicas e intensas que los sistemas planificados convencionales para la vivienda social.AbstractInformality is part of the urban landscape in the city of Quito, it has grown rapidly and heterogeneously, overwhelmed by physical conditions and socio-economic conditions of the evolution of modern Latin American cities, whose economy depends directly on the extraction of natural resources. has created two cities with different characteristics: the formal city and the informal city. This study tries to understand these two models through a tool that analyzes the relationships of the urban components inserted in the globality of urban complexity. From the hypothesis it is verified that the neighborhoods of invasion and self-construction generate evolutionary urban mechanisms and processes, which have better scalar relationships and internal connectivity relationships that are more dynamic and intense than the conventional planned systems for social housing.
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Feijo, Carmem Aparecida, Denise Britz do Nascimento e Silva, and Augusto Carvalho de Souza. "Quão heterogêneo é o setor informal brasileiro? Uma proposta de classificação de atividades baseada na Ecinf." Revista de Economia Contemporânea 13, no. 2 (August 2009): 329–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-98482009000200007.
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O objetivo deste texto é apresentar uma classificação para a economia brasileira de setores de atividade segundo graus de precariedade na forma de organização da produção. O texto propõe critérios e uma classificação de atividades econômicas segundo três níveis de informalidade: alta, média e baixa. Nossa hipótese de trabalho é assumir que, assim como a fronteira entre o trabalho formal e o informal não é bem demarcada, dentro do setor informal também podemos identificar um continuum de situações em que os pressupostos de um trabalho decente estão mais ou menos presentes. Conclui-se que políticas públicas que visem a combater a informalidade devem buscar o crescimento econômico e atuar sobre as diferentes características das atividades informais.
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Domjahn, Thomas. "Informal institutions and economic development." Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics 5, no. 2 (November 23, 2012): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.23941/ejpe.v5i2.114.
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Altman, Yochanan, and Claudio Morrison. "Informal economic relations and organizations." Journal of Organizational Change Management 28, no. 5 (August 10, 2015): 749–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-05-2015-0081.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of informal economic relations (IER) in the day-to-day working of organizations, thereby opening a way to theorizing and informed practice. The authors will present and discuss about the manifestation of informality in “everyday” reality of Soviet and transformation economies. Informed by Cultural theory and in particular the work of Gerald Mars, the authors are taking account ontologically and methodologically of Labour process theory. Design/methodology/approach – Through presentation of ethnographic data of detailed accounts and case vignettes in production and retail in the Soviet period of the late 1970s and 1980s and from the construction sector in contemporary Russia, with a focus on the labour process, the authors inform and discuss key processes in the informal working of organizations. Findings – In the Soviet system the informal economy co-existed in symbiosis with the formal command economy, implicitly adopting a “live and let live” attitude. In addition, informal relations were essential to the working of work organizations, sustaining workers’ “negative control” and bargaining power. contemporary Russian capitalism, while embracing informal economic activities, a legacy of the Soviet period, advocates an “each to his own” approach which retains the flexibility but not the bargaining space for employees. That facilitates exploitation, particularly of the most vulnerable workers, with dire consequences for the work process. Research limitations/implications – The paper provides a platform for theorizing about the role and place of IER in organizations. Of importance to managerial practice, the paper informs on those aspects of the work routine that remain hidden from view and are often excluded from academic discourse. The social implications are profound, shedding light on central issues such as recruitment, income distribution, health and safety and deregulated forms of employment. Originality/value – The paper examines economic behaviour under different economic-political regimes demonstrating continuities and changes during a fundamental social-economic reorientation of an important regional economy, through close observation at the micro and meso-level of, respectively, the workplace, organizations and industry, outlining theoretical, practical and social implications.
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van den Berg, Bernard, Werner B. F. Brouwer, and Marc A. Koopmanschap. "Economic valuation of informal care." European Journal of Health Economics 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-003-0189-y.
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Silva, Harley, Sibelle Diniz, and Vanessa Ferreira. "Circuitos da economia urbana e economia dos setores populares na fronteira amazônica: o cenário atual no sudeste do Pará." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 15, no. 2 (November 30, 2013): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2013v15n2p61.
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Embora a expansão do mercado trabalho formal seja uma tendência sustentada no Brasil nos últimos anos, a persistência de formas de ocupação ligadas ao circuito inferior da economia é uma realidade ampla e mal compreendida. Isso é particularmente verdade para as diversas fronteiras da Amazônia brasileira, onde a economia informal, popular, solidária e familiar persiste, a despeito dos grandes investimentos destinados ao circuito superior. Esse trabalho investiga a situação vigente no sudeste paraense, onde a economia formal de alguns municípios tem crescido a “taxas chinesas” e ao mesmo tempo há a presença massiva de formas alternativas de inserção econômica da população, particularmente a de baixa renda.Palavras-chave: economia dos setores populares; economia informal; circuito inferior; fronteira amazônica; sudeste paraense. Abstract: Although the expansion of formal labor market is a sustained trend in Brazil, occupation in the lower circuit of the economy is persistent and poorly understood. In Brazilian Amazon frontiers, informal, family and solidarity economy persists, in spite of large investments destinated to the upper circuit. This work investigates the current context of the southeast of Pará, where the formal economy of some municipalities has grown at “Chinese rates”, while alternative forms of economic integration incorporate the majority of the population. Keywords: popular economy; informal economy; lower circuit; Amazon frontier; southeast of Pará.
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Patiño C, Omar Alonso, and Carlos Salcedo-Pérez. "Microfinancing for informal enterprises: perspectives in Colombia/ Microfinanciamento para empresas informais: perspectivas na Colômbia." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 24301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n4-103.
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Informal economy is a phenomenon present in all Latin American countries. It causes lower level of productivity and social problems given the fact that informal workers do not have social benefits neither the possibility of having a retirement fund if they keep in the informal market. Reducing the size of the informal sector of the economy is a step that must be taken in order to improve the economic and social situation. One important factor of a policy to reduce the size of informal economy is the access to credit to entrepreneurs. This paper summarizes briefly the situation of informal economy in Bogotá, Colombia and proposes microfinancing as a realistic and inclusive way to include informal enterprises into the formal sector of the economy.
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wiarta, iqra. "ANALISIS PENAWARAN TENAGA KERJA WANITA PADA SEKTOR INFORMAL DI KOTA JAMBI." ECONOMICA 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22202/economica.2017.v5.i2.1269.
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Elbert, Rodolfo. "Informality, Class Structure, and Class Identity in Contemporary Argentina." Latin American Perspectives 45, no. 1 (September 7, 2017): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x17730560.
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The dynamics of peripheral capitalism in Latin America includes the employment or self-employment of a significant proportion of the working class under informal arrangements. The neoliberal transformations of the 1990s deepened this feature of Latin American labor markets, and it was not reversed during the period of economic growth that followed the collapse of neoliberalism. In this context, sociological debates have focused on the relationship between the formal and the informal fractions of the working class. Examination of the biographical and family linkages between formal and informal workers in Argentina and the effect of these connections on the patterns of class self-identification of individuals shows that lived experience across the informality boundary makes formal workers similar to informal workers in terms of class self-identification. This research provides preliminary evidence that the two kinds of workers belong to the same social class because of the fluidity of the boundary that separates them. Instead of a class cleavage, this boundary is better defined as the separation between fractions of the working class. La dinámica del capitalismo periférico en América Latina implica la informalidad laboral (sea entre trabajadores contratados o autónomos) de una sustancial parte de la clase obrera. Las transformaciones neoliberales de los años noventa profundizaron esta característica de los mercados de trabajo latinoamericanos, y el problema no se revirtió durante el período de crecimiento económico que siguió al colapso del neoliberalismo. En este contexto, los debates sociológicos se han centrado en la relación entre los grupos formales e informales de la clase obrera. Un análisis de los vínculos biográficos y familiares entre los trabajadores formales e informales en Argentina y el efecto de dichas conexiones en los patrones individuales de autoidentificación de clase muestra que la experiencia vivida en los límites de la informalidad hace que los trabajadores formales se consideren similares a los informales en términos de identificación de clase. Esta investigación brinda evidencia preliminar de que los dos tipos de trabajadores pertenecen a la misma clase social.
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Arbex, Marcelo, Ricardo Freguglia, and Flavia Chein. "Informal economy and spatial mobility: are informal workers economic refugees?" Journal of Economic Studies 40, no. 5 (October 28, 2013): 671–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-08-2011-0104.
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Kesteltoot, Christian, and Henk Meert. "Informal Spaces: The Geography of Informal Economic Activities in Brussels." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 23, no. 2 (June 1999): 232–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00193.
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Lopes, Carlos M. "A economia informal em Angola: breve panorâmica." Revista Angolana de Sociologia, no. 14 (December 1, 2014): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/ras.1094.
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KAYIKÇI, Fazıl, and Mustafa KESGİN. "Contributions of Institutional Economics to Economic Thought." Yildiz Social Science Review 8, no. 1 (July 21, 2022): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51803/yssr.1146878.
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It is seen that interest in the effects of human behavior on economic events and phenomena has been increasing in recent years. In this context, institutions where behaviors become a set of formal-informal rules that determine the boundaries of choice for the stakeholders of the society from thought to action and form the framework of individual action by gaining stability, are of great importance in terms of developing an economic thinking system compatible with the real world. With its dynamic perspective on economic events and phenomena, the institutional economic tradition has revealed important discoveries by evaluating the effects of institutions on the economic order from different perspectives and closed a major gap in this area. With this study, the historical adventure of institutional economics, which started with the pioneering studies that Thorstein B. Veblen put forward based on the Darwinian evolution approach, has been discussed from the perspective of old and new institutional economics. By presenting the contributions of the prominent representatives of the tradition to economic thought through labor included in the analysis, it is aimed to open a door from the perspective of institutionalized behavior to studies on the economic impact of human behavior. In addition, the evaluations for the sustainability of the institutional tradition were discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the tradition in question were emphasized within the framework of today's prevailing economic approach.
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Vincent, Susan. "Pensions, Peasants, and the Informal Economy: Family and Livelihood in Contemporary Peru." Latin American Perspectives 45, no. 1 (August 30, 2017): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x17726084.
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A Peruvian case study explores how urban informal workers negotiate their livelihoods as they age, highlighting reciprocity among urban informal workers, retired formal sector workers, and peasants in a pattern of rural-urban circular migration. Labor-intensive mining in the twentieth century created a proletarian workforce that included men from the peasant community of Allpachico. Their wages became an anchor for kin-linked clusters of households. Now, despite an economic boom, the lack of formal jobs forces younger Allpachiqueños to undertake precarious and informal work. Resource-sector-funded state social spending, such as through state-administered pensions for retired workers and the elderly poor, has replaced wages as a stable source of cash. This state mediation between the technology-intensive resource sector and citizens elicits suspicion and uncertainty. Dispossessed of the right to work and subjected to conditions of eligibility for social programs, urban informal workers continue to rely on kin and community. Un estudio de caso peruano explora cómo los trabajadores informales urbanos negocian sus formas de ganarse la vida conforma envejecen, y destaca la reciprocidad entre dichos trabajadores, los trabajadores jubilados del sector formal y los campesinos en un patrón de migración circular del campo a la ciudad. Durante el siglo XX, la minería intensiva dio lugar a una fuerza de trabajo proletaria que incluía a hombres de la comunidad campesina de Allpachico. Sus salarios se convirtieron en una forma de anclaje para grupos de hogares con vínculos consanguíneos. Ahora, a pesar del auge económico, la falta de empleos formales oblige a los jóvenes de Allpachico a trabajar de manera precaria e informal. El gasto social estatal financiado por los recursos del sector, como las pensiones estatales para trabajadores jubilados y los ancianos pobres, ha sustituido los salarios como fuente estable de efectivo. Dicha mediación estatal entre un sector de recursos con tecnología intensiva y la ciudadanía provoca sospechas e incertidumbre. Sin derecho a un trabajo y sometidos a los criterios impuestos de admisibilidad para recibir asistencia social, los trabajadores informales urbanos continúan dependiendo de sus familiares y comunidad.