Academic literature on the topic 'Economia informale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Economia informale"
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Mingione, Enzo. "Economia e economia informale." SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO, no. 113 (July 2009): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sl2009-113004.
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- Ethics and enterprises: a new and different approach to the theme The author re-reads the relationship between ethics and enterprises in the light of Polanyi's thought, advancing an open proposal, which is methodological and implies a macro point of view, and which involves all the social subsystems. In order to define the nature of ethics it is important to consider that it is essential to the life itself of enterprises and, according to Granovetter, to reconsider the idea that the economic action (rational action toward the aim) is a social action. This perspective highlights a different interpretation of ethics, which depends on the consideration of the enterprise without society, of the enterprise as autonomous from society and of the enterprise in the society, that is, as part of a logic of action coherent with the values of society.
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Coin, Francesca, Alberto De Nicola, and Spartaco Greppi. "Economia informale e lavoro digitale nella cashless society: una cartografia." SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO, no. 154 (September 2019): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sl2019-154002.
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Tiryaki, Gisele Ferreira. "A informalidade e as flutuações na atividade econômica." Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo) 38, no. 1 (March 2008): 97–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-41612008000100005.
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Vários trabalhos empíricos e teóricos apontam para o impacto negativo de um setor informal em expansão sobre o crescimento econômico. Este artigo mostra que a dimensão da economia informal afeta também a volatilidade dos ciclos econômicos. Geralmente, empreendimentos informais não se beneficiam de economias de escala; operam com uma combinação ineficiente de capital e trabalho e têm acesso restrito ao mercado financeiro. Os obstáculos encontrados para alavancagem financeira, por sua vez, dificultam a neutralização nas reduções de fluxo de caixa que ocorrem durante períodos de recessão econômica e fazem com que empreendimentos no setor informal sejam mais propensos ao insucesso. Utilizando a metodologia Generalized Method of Moments, o presente trabalho mostra que países com setores informais mais representativos enfrentam maior volatilidade na produção, investimento e consumo durante os ciclos econômicos.
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Morales, Fernando, Martha Denisse Pierola, and Dennis Sanchez-Navarro. "Import competition in the manufacturing sector in Peru: Its impact on informality and wages." Economia 44, no. 88 (December 16, 2021): 45–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/economia.202102.003.
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This paper studies the impact of import competition from China on labor outcomes in the Peruvian manufacturing sector in 2001–2010. Using data from the Peruvian Household Survey, we use a two-step procedure to evaluate the impact of the surge in imports from China on the likelihood of having an informal job and on wages in both the formal and informal sectors. On the first step, the results suggest that greater import competition increased—albeit weakly—the likelihood of having an informal job for workers with elementary education. On the second step, we find that the surge in imports from China was detrimental to wages of the least educated individuals with informal jobs—with no education and elementary education—, although we also find that this result is mostly driven by the presence of self-employed among informal workers. We also observe a wage increase among workers with formal jobs and elementary and high school education. These results are robust to the inclusion of different exclusion restrictions and even after accounting for industry-level growth which was strong during the period studied.
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Leigh, James. "El marketing en la economía informal peruana." Review of Global Management 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.19083/rgm.v2i1.660.
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El Perú es una de las economías más informales del mundo. Especícamente, somos el sexto país con mayor informalidad económica: el 61% de nuestro PBI es informal y el 90% de las empresas son informales (Radio Programas del Perú, 2015). Es vital que para cualquier empresa que es un actor en actividades comerciales, debiera entender lo importante que es este tema y sus aspectos y características más importantes.
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Teneda-Llerena, William Fabián, Edwin Santamaría-Freire, and María Dolores Guamán-Guevara. "El comercio informal como factor predominante en la economía local." UDA AKADEM, no. 2 (October 30, 2018): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33324/udaakadem.vi2.172.
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El estudio identifica la importancia del comercio informal en relación con la economía local. Por las repercusiones sociales y económicas del comercio, al estar constituido por personas que enfrentan el desempleo, la crisis económica y la falta de oportunidades, crean plazas de trabajo para generar ingresos para las familias, a través de actividades económicas fuera de las regulaciones u ordenanzas y que afectan al comercio formal. El objetivo es identificar en los comerciantes formales de los mercados de abastos de la ciudad, cómo la presencia de los comerciantes informales ha incidido en la cantidad de ventas realizadas en los puestos de productos orgánicos de las plazas y mercados de la ciudad de Ambato. Nos basamos en la pregunta ¿el incremento en el número de comerciantes informales influye en la reducción de ventas formales de productos orgánicos dentro de plazas y mercados de la ciudad de Ambato? El método de investigación utilizado es con enfoque en análisis de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos, a través de cifras económicas y cualidades de factores socioeconómicos. La muestra está constituida por 326 personas a quienes se les aplica un cuestionario. Los resultados demuestran que el incremento del comercio informal es causado por la crisis económica; que quienes se dedican a esta actividad dañan los espacios públicos. La creación de un plan de publicidad y promoción ayudará a mitigar este problema. Se determina que el comercio informal afecta a la economía local por incumplimiento de disposiciones legales y por obtener ingresos que no son declarados.
Palabras clave:
Calidad de vida, comercio informal, economía, mercados de abastos, regulaciones.
Abstract
The study identifies the importance of informal commerce in the local economy, due to the social and economic repercussions of trade, as it is made up of people facing unemployment, the economic crisis and lack of opportunities, generating work to earn income for their families, developing economic activities outside of regulations or ordinances and affecting formal trade. The objective is to identify in the formal traders of the city’s supply markets, how the presence of informal merchants has affected the amount of sales made in the organic product stalls of the squares and markets of Ambato City. Based on the question, does the increase in the number of informal merchants influence the reduction of formal sales of organic products within squares and markets of Ambato City? The research method used is focused on the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data, requiring the measurement of economic figures and the qualities of socioeconomic factors. The sample is made up of 326 people to whom a questionnaire is applied. The results show that the increase in informal commerce is due to the economic crisis, and that those who engage in this activity damage public spaces. The creation of an advertising and promotion plan will help mitigate this problem. It is determined that informal trade affects directly the local economy for breach of legal provisions and obtain income that is not declared.
Keywords:
Quality of life, informal commerce, economy, markets of supplies, regulations.
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Rodríguez Lozano, Gloria Isabel, and Mayda Alejandra Calderón Díaz. "La economía informal y el desempleo: el caso de la ciudad de Bucaramanga (Colombia)." Innovar 25, no. 55 (January 1, 2015): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v25n55.47195.
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Se entiende por economía informal o economías subterráneas un conjunto de actividades que están catalogadas en el sector informal de la economía. La informalidad es un fenómeno que se ha presentado en la economía de los países desarrollados y en vía de desarrollo desde décadas atrás, pero a partir de los años setenta, dadas las necesidades de los gobiernos y de organizaciones internacionales, se han realizado numerosos estudios acerca de las economías informales. Estos han sido realizados por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) y por diversos autores que han proporcionado un sinnúmero de investigaciones, que han permitido entrever la importancia de la informalidad en las economías del mundo, en vista de que existen excedentes de mano de obra y pocos puestos de trabajo, lo que genera desempleo que, a su vez, conlleva la existencia de la informalidad.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la economía informal y el desempleo en la ciudad de Bucaramanga, como muestra del excedente de la mano de obra santandereana que no puede ser absorbida en su totalidad por la economía local, generando la existencia de economías informales, mal llamadas "independientes", que no solo no pagan impuestos o no están registradas en la Cámara de Comercio de Bucaramanga sino que, de igual forma, son generadoras de empleos informales y de ingresos.
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Lambooy, Jan. "Informele economie, informele stad." AGORA Magazine 20, no. 3 (October 1, 2004): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/agora.v20i3.10155.
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Berens, Sarah. "Opting for Exit: Informalization, Social Policy Discontent, and Lack of Good Governance." Latin American Politics and Society 62, no. 2 (March 23, 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lap.2019.58.
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ABSTRACTThe informal sector challenges economic growth and hinders the abatement of income disparities in developing countries. This study argues that a weak and poorly governed welfare state can cause the informal sector to increase when individuals use it as an exit option from an unsatisfying welfare system. The article explores how the welfare state’s benefit structure and citizens’ trust in institutions to deliver public goods affect the likelihood of informality. A logistic hierarchical model, based on cross-sectional survey data from Latin America and the Caribbean and descriptive panel data from Brazil, is used to test the hypothesis. Findings reveal that social policy discontent, low trust, an elitist distribution of welfare benefits, and dysfunctional institutions increase the likelihood of being informally employed. However, workers with greater agency—the better-educated—seem notably less likely to informalize when social policy benefits are targeted toward their own socioeconomic group.
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Carretero Ares, José Luis, Begoña Cueva Oliver, Asunción Vidal Martínez, María Vicenta Rigo Martínez, and José Rafael Lobato Cañón. "The informal economy: an occupational health issue." Archivos de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales 20, no. 1 (January 15, 2017): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12961/aprl.2017.20.01.5.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Economia informale"
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Bergamini, Michela Laura <1984>. "La cultura "informale" e lo sviluppo del tessuto socio-economico del territorio. Il caso Venezia." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2314.
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Il rapporto tra cultura, creatività e territorio ha suscitato un interesse crescente negli ultimi anni, soprattutto per quanto riguarda gli studi di impatto economico e i tentativi di rigenerazione urbana. L’accumulazione della ricerca sul tema ha via via integrato alla valutazione economica un interesse per l’aspetto sociale, relazionale e per le specificità dei luoghi.
Ciò che sembra necessario nei discorsi che legano creatività, cultura e sviluppo è la rifocalizzazione sull’aspetto empirico delle realtà produttive locali: come si struttura il contesto culturale e creativo del territorio, quali sono i luoghi e le forme dell’offerta culturale, quali le reti di relazioni, quali i produttori e come si confrontano con i fruitori di cultura.
Il presente lavoro, concentrandosi in particolare sul caso Venezia, si inserisce in questa prospettiva, con l’obiettivo di indagare in particolare le forme produttive della cultura meno in luce rispetto alla produzione ufficiale, e le ricadute che esse hanno sulla strutturazione del tessuto socio-economico locale.
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DEIANA, CLAUDIO. "Essays in labour and family economics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266395.
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Are the less healthy relatively less employed because they are unable to work? Or vice
versa? In the first part of the thesis, I evaluate the impact of health shocks on individual
labour market transitions in 27 EU countries and I explain these results through the
heterogeneity in social security systems across members. In the second part, I investigate
the mechanism through which tied transfers relate to both elderly and grandchildren
care later on in life.
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RECCHI, SARA. "UNDERSTANDING WORKING CONDITIONS AND MECHANISMS OF REGULATION IN THE INFORMAL ECONOMY: THE CASE OF STREET VENDORS IN MILAN." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/382011.
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La ricerca esplora le attività lavorative svolte nell'economia informale concentrandosi sul settore della vendita ambulante. Il commercio ambulante informale è tradizionalmente diffuso e studiato nei paesi in via di sviluppo. Tuttavia, l'interesse per l'analisi di questa attività è recentemente aumentato anche nei paesi sviluppati. Nonostante ciò, gran parte della conoscenza del fenomeno proviene dalla vasta letteratura empirica sulle realtà del Sud del mondo. Molti studi condotti in questi paesi contribuiscono alla comprensione dell'informalità urbana in contesti concreti, in uno scenario di grandi trasformazioni socio-economiche generate dall'economia globalizzata. In particolare, studiosi urbani e post-coloniali esplorano l'informalità in numerosi contesti del Sud del mondo, sottolineando i confini sfumati tra la sfera formale e quella informale del settore, il rapporto tra le istituzioni e i lavoratori, così come i meccanismi e strategie di resistenza adottate dai lavoratori informali per reagire ai vincoli macro-strutturali. La letteratura sui paesi sviluppati, invece, esplora principalmente il fenomeno evidenziando le condizioni precarie e incerte dei lavoratori informali migranti. Tuttavia, poca attenzione è dedicata all'analisi delle sovrapposizioni tra la sfera formale e quella informale e ai modi in cui i lavoratori informali organizzano la loro vita lavorativa cercando di migliorare le loro condizioni di lavoro e sostituire garanzie formali loro negate.
Per colmare tali lacune negli studi sull'informalità nel Nord del mondo, questa ricerca esplora il settore dei venditori ambulanti e le sue manifestazioni concrete concentrandosi sul caso di Milano. L'obiettivo è comprendere in che misura il contesto normativo formale e le dinamiche interazionali influenzino le condizioni di lavoro dei venditori ambulanti e i meccanismi di regolazione delle loro attività lavorative. Inoltre, dato il recente interesse per le interazioni tra i due poli dell'economia, la ricerca mira anche a esplorare le sovrapposizioni e le connessioni tra il settore regolare e quello irregolare per indagare se e come queste interazioni influenzino le attività lavorative. Un approccio etnografico è stato adottato per studiare le dinamiche di diversi mercati all'aperto di Milano. Il materiale empirico è stato raccolto durante un fieldwork condotto tra giugno 2020 e aprile 2021. Nello specifico, si è ricorso alla tecnica dell'osservazione partecipante e sono state raccolte 45 interviste qualitative con venditori ambulanti e 8 con testimoni privilegiati.
Lo studio mostra un certo grado di fluidità e costanti interazioni tra il segmento regolare e quello irregolare del settore, le quali si traducono in routine di lavoro condivise e modelli di governance bottom-up che regolano la vita lavorativa in strada. In particolare, i risultati suggeriscono che molti lavoratori informali ricorrono quotidianamente al supporto dei venditori regolari, che si traducono in benefici, garanzie e protezioni che influenzano positivamente le loro condizioni di lavoro. Pertanto, a Milano, l'informalità è regolata da modelli di governance "ibridi", in cui sia gli attori statali che non statali concorrono a configurare le attività lavorative quotidiane.The research explores the working activities performed in the informal economy focusing on the street vending sector. Informal street vending is traditionally widespread and studied in developing countries. Nevertheless, the interest in the analysis of this activity has recently increased also in developed countries. Despite that, much of the knowledge concerning the phenomenon comes from the vast empirical literature on the Global South realities. Many studies conducted in these countries contribute to the understanding of urban informality in concrete settings, in a scenario of great socio-economic transformations generated by globalised economy. Especially, urbanist and post-colonial scholars explore informality in many Global South realities emphasising the blurred boundaries between the formal and informal spheres of the sector, the relationship between the formal regulatory environment and workers, and the resistance mechanisms and strategies adopted by informal workers to react against macro-structural constraints. The literature on developed countries, on the other hand, mainly explore the phenomenon by highlighting the precarious and uncertain conditions of migrant informal workers. However, little attention is paid to the analysis of the formal-informal overlaps and how informal workers organise their working life on the streets to improve their working conditions and replace formal guarantees denied to them. In order to fill these gaps in the studies of informality in the Global North, this research explores the street vending sector and its concrete manifestations focusing on the case of Milan. The objective is to understand to what extent the formal regulatory environment as well as micro contextual and interactional dynamics affect the street vendors’ working conditions and mechanisms to regulate their working activities. Furthermore, given the recent interest in interactions among the two poles of the economy, the research also aims to explore the overlaps and connections between the regular and irregular sector sides to investigate whether and how these interactions affect working activities. An ethnographic approach has been used to study the dynamics of several Milan open-air markets. The empirical material has been collected during fieldwork lasted between June 2020 and April 2021. Thus, the research resort to participant observation as well as qualitative open-ended interviews with 45 street vendors and semi-structured interviews with 8 key informants. The study shows the great fluidity and interactions between the regular and irregular segments of the sector, which translate into shared working routines and bottom-up governance models that regulate the working life on the street. Particularly, the findings suggest that many informal workers resort to the support of licensed vendors to exploit daily benefits, guarantees, and protection, which positively affect their working conditions. Thus, in Milan, informality is enforced by a “hybrid” governance arrangement model, in which both state and non-state actors concur to regulate daily working activities.
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SAMBO, ANNA. "Seguendo gli zemijan: etnografia di una citta' africana in movimento." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/21974.
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Attraverso una ricerca etnografica che si snoda tra le strade di Cotonou, capitale economica del Benin, e che si focalizza sulla figura dello zemijan (guidatore di moto-taxi), il lavoro affronta le tematiche contemporanee più stringenti per la popolazione, come disoccupazione, politica, economia formale e informale, informazione, che sono comunque radicate in una storia fatta di reti sociali e scambi basati su un sistema clientelare che permane, pur cambiando forma espressiva.
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Aragão-Lagergren, Aida. "Working children in the informal sector in Managua." Uppsala, Sweden : Uppsala University, Dept. of Social and Economic Geography, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/37028942.html.
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Hecker, Paul Simon 1984. "Relações entre a economia informal e as políticas econômicas e sociais no Brasil = Relations between Brazilian economic and social policies and the informal economy." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286040.
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Orientador: Marcelo Weishaupt ProniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Economia informal é um conceito proposto pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho para estudar situações ocupacionais que combinam condições de trabalho precárias e remuneração baixa, o que geralmente contribui para a reprodução de desigualdades sociais e da pobreza. No Brasil, a informalidade é um problema crônico que abrange quase 50% da força de trabalho. As causas primárias dessa informalidade se encontram nas características do mercado de trabalho brasileiro, marcado por uma oferta estruturalmente excedente de mão-de-obra, que resulta em uma enorme parcela da força de trabalho submetida a uma inserção ocupacional muito vulnerável e sem acesso a um trabalho digno e proteção social. Partindo das formulações teóricas de Claus Offe e Gosta Esping-Andersen, pode-se afirmar que a informalidade do trabalho no Brasil decorre da insuficiência de políticas públicas capazes de superar a herança deixada pelo modelo de desenvolvimento excludente e de corrigir as distorções produzidas pelo funcionamento do mercado de trabalho. Três grandes linhas de ação política podem ser destacadas como requisitos para fornecer mais e melhores empregos e promover a inclusão social: (i) as políticas macroeconômicas, a política industrial e a política de desenvolvimento regional, que balizam a trajetória de crescimento econômico; (ii) a definição do arranjo institucional que regulamenta e fiscaliza o funcionamento do mercado de trabalho e as relações de emprego; e (iii) as políticas sociais que delimitam o acesso à proteção social e aos serviços sociais, reduzindo a dependência dos trabalhadores pobres em relação ao mercado de trabalho. A maioria daqueles que trabalham informalmente hoje em dia estão excluídos desses esquemas de proteção. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo examinar os efeitos mais visíveis das políticas econômicas, das políticas laborais e das políticas sociais do Governo Lula sobre a economia informal. O primeiro capítulo apresenta o referencial teórico que dá suporte ao estudo. O segundo capítulo esclarece como a informalidade se tornou um problema crônico no Brasil e procura dimensionar suas principais facetas no mercado de trabalho. O terceiro capítulo apresenta indicadores da evolução recente da economia brasileira e menciona as diretrizes das políticas macroeconômicas adotadas. O quarto capítulo focaliza as políticas de mercado de trabalho e as políticas sociais para a constituição da economia informal. Ao final, fica demonstrado que o crescimento econômico substantivo, a regulação mais eficiente do mercado de trabalho e o compromisso com políticas sociais dirigidas para os segmentos mais pobres da população reduziram a informalidade no mercado de trabalho brasileiro ao longo da década passada. Será concluído que crescimento econômico é uma condição necessária para a melhora do problema social da informalidade, mas sem mudanças na direção das políticas sociais e laborais, não é uma condição suficiente
Abstract: Informal economy is a concept proposed by the International Labour Organisation to study occupational situations that combine conditions of precarious work and low remuneration, what generally contributes to the reproduction of social inequalities and poverty. In Brazil, informality is a chronic problem that affects nearly 50% of the workforce. The primary causes of this informality are found in the characteristics of the Brazilian labour market, marked by a structural supply surplus of labour, which results in an enormous part of the workforce being submitted to a very vulnerable occupational insertion without access to decent work and social protection Departing from theoretical perspectives of Claus Offe and Gosta Esping-Andersen, it is affirmed that the informality of work in Brazil results from the insufficiency of public policies that are not able to overcome the heritage of the excluding development model and to correct the distortions produced by the labour market. Three great lines of political action can be emphasized as requirements for the provision of better employment and to improve social inclusion: (i) macroeconomic policies, industrial policies and the regional development policies that mark the trajectory of economic growth; (ii) the definition of the institutional arrangements that regulate and control the functioning of the labour market and the labour relations; and (iii) social policies that restrict the access to social protection and services, reducing the dependency of poor workers from the labour market. The majority of those who work informally today are excluded from these protections schemes. The present work will examine the most visible effects on the informal economy of economic policies and of the social and labour policies during the Lula-Government (2002-2010). The first chapter introduces the theoretical references that are used in the study. The second chapter shows how informality turned into a chronic problem in Brazil and tries to outline its principal labour market facets. The third chapter presents indicators of the recent evolution of the Brazilian economy and mentions the guidelines of the adopted macroeconomic policies. The fourth chapter focuses on the labour market and social policies and their role for the constitution of the informal economy. Finally it will be shown, how substantial economic growth, more effective regulation of the labour market and a commitment with social policies directed towards the poorest segments of the population reduced informality in the Brazilian labour market over the last decade. This will lead to the conclusion, that economic growth is a necessary condition for the improvement of the social problem informality, but without changes in the direction of social and labour policies, it is not a sufficient condition
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Bühn, Andreas. "Informal Economic Activities." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-39326.
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The dissertation “Informal Economic Activities” takes a comprehensive approach to the informal economy by studying traditional shadow economic activities, household DIY activities, and the smuggling of illegal and legal goods.
Chapter 2 analyzes shadow economic and DIY activities and presents a dual estimation for the development of both types of informal economic activities in Germany from 1970 to 2005. It also considers the impact of German reunification on shadow economic and DIY activities and employs a proper estimate of domestic currency in circulation within Germany as an indicator variable for the shadow economy.
Chapter 3 studies an informal economic activity that has attracted much attention recently: legal goods smuggling, or the illegal trade of otherwise legal goods. The main channel of this type of smuggling is the falsification of trade documents. By reporting false amounts of exports and/or imports to authorities smugglers, or trade misinvoicers, seek to avoid paying taxes and/or tariffs.
Chapter 4 widens the analysis of smuggling to the smuggling of illegal goods and studies the smuggling of legal and illegal goods across the U.S.-Mexico border in order to improve the understanding of illegal trade. Studying the U.S.-Mexican case is particularly interesting as most illegal drugs and immigrants enter the United States via the Mexican border.
The empirical analyses in the dissertation “Informal Economic Activities” are based on structural equation models (SEMs). The results demonstrate that the informal economy is significant and that growth of the informal economy is not exclusive to developing countries, although it is a more serious problem in these countries. Moreover, although the informal economy covers a wide range of rather diverse economic activities, the dissertation works out that a few similarities exist. These are important, especially for policymakers, in first understanding what drives informal economic activities and second designing appropriate policies to deter them.
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Beloque, Leslie Denise. "A cor do trabalho informal: uma perspectiva de análise das atividades informais." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2672.
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Previous issue date: 2007-05-18This study is about what was established to be called as informal work and whose objective is to assess the analytical perspective itself in which the informality is frequently studied, considering its difficulty to deal with the diversity of the informal activities. This assessment was seen through the contact, along seven years, with informal workers whose experiences and perceptions showed to be an analysis perspective of the extremely proficient informality . One of the main problems of the analysis of informality is the assumption that the informal workers and the small non-legally organized companies , which make part of the called informal sector , constitute an informal economical sector that operates as a cohesive block in the interstices of economy not taken by the big capital. However, as the bibliographic research advanced, was pointing out that, since the time the capitalist economy arose was constituted for the combination of capitalist ways of work with the other species of existing work. Therefore, the option of taking this fact as starting point of this analysis. Thus, the preparation of this study implied, initially, to assess the possibility that the main grounds of the modern science, that inspire the analytical perspective that conceives informality as an informal sector , are in the root of the inconsistencies of this analysis; then, the analysis of the experience of 20 informal workers, from both sexes and different ages, in order to identify the nature of their economic activities and how the informal work combines with the capitalist economy and, in the end, the proposition of an analysis perspective of the informal activities whose starting point is this combination. The main proposal of this study is that the capitalist economy is as the typically capitalists production ways, as the other existing kinds of work and that, in this interaction, they constitute mutually, that is, one brings life to the other and, in this movement, participate of the constitution process of the capitalist economy. Therefore, the informal activities do not constitute an informal sector that operates in the interstices of the economy, but are integral elements of the production or of the circulation sphere of economy, as well as of the core of the capital reproduction. Keywords: informal sector; analysis perspective of informal activities; perceptions about informal work
Este estudo trata do que se convencionou chamar trabalho informal e tem como objetivo a avaliação da própria perspectiva analítica em que a informalidade é freqüentemente estudada, considerando a sua dificuldade de contemplar a diversidade das atividades informais . Esta avaliação foi vislumbrada no contato, durante sete anos, com trabalhadores informais , cujas experiências e percepções mostraram ser uma ótica de análise extremamente profícua da informalidade . Um dos principais problemas da análise da informalidade é a suposição de que os trabalhadores informais e as pequenas empresas não organizadas legalmente , que compõem o chamado setor informal , constituem um setor econômico informal , que opera como um bloco coeso nos interstícios da economia não ocupados pelo grande capital. Contudo, à medida que a pesquisa bibliográfica avançava, indicava que, desde o seu surgimento, a economia capitalista veio se constituindo pela combinação de formas de trabalho capitalistas com as demais espécies de trabalho existentes. Daí a opção de tomar este fato como ponto de partida da análise. Assim, a elaboração deste estudo implicou, inicialmente, avaliar a possibilidade de que os principais fundamentos da ciência moderna, que inspiram a perspectiva analítica que concebe a informalidade como um setor informal , estejam na raiz das inconsistências dessa análise; em seguida, analisar as experiências de 20 trabalhadores informais , de ambos os sexos e diferentes idades, a fim de identificar a natureza de suas atividades econômicas e as maneiras que o trabalho informal se combina com a economia capitalista e, por fim, propor uma perspectiva de análise das atividades informais que tenha como ponto de partida essa interação. A premissa deste estudo é que a economia capitalista se compõe tanto das formas de produção tipicamente capitalistas , quanto das demais espécies de trabalho existentes e, nessa interação, se constituem mutuamente; ou seja, uma dá existência à outra e, nesse movimento, participam do processo de constituição da economia capitalista. Portanto, as atividades informais não constituem um setor informal que opera nos interstícios da economia, mas são elementos integrantes da produção ou da esfera da circulação da economia, assim como do núcleo da reprodução do capital
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STEFANIZZI, PASQUALE. "Il microcredito in Italia: analisi dei fattori critici di successo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1107.
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Il microcredito ha ad oggetto il sistema di concessione di prestiti a persone rientranti nel circuito dei c.d. soggetti “non bancabili, ossia sprovvisti di ogni e qualsivoglia garanzia reale e/o personale, e l’implementazione di una vasta e variegata gamma di servizi finalizzati all’avvio di un vero e proprio circuito finanziario tipico raccolta-impieghi (Yunus, 1998; La Torre, Vento, 2005).
Lo scopo principale del lavoro è quello di comprendere se il microcredito in Italia possa rappresentare un’opportunità finanziaria da implementare su più larga scala al fine di migliorare l’attitudine al credito degli active poors del Paese. L’indirizzo di approfondimento è mirato all’individuazione di specifici e ben determinati target, sia dal lato della domanda (gli immigrati) che dal lato dell’offerta di microcredito (il sistema di credito cooperativo).
L’origine dell’interesse verso questo ambito di studio è da individuarsi nella gran quantità di autori che a vario titolo si sono misurati con l’argomento proponendo modelli e possibilità operative di pregevole spessore ed interesse.
Il tentativo di sintetizzare in una main research question quanto sinora esposto induce a proporre la seguente domanda di ricerca: “gli immigrati (dal lato della domanda) ed il sistema di cooperazione di credito (dal lato dell’offerta) possono rappresentare gli specifici attori cui indirizzare le attenzioni della ricerca scientifica al fine di creare, in Italia, un prodotto di microcredito dall’elevata standardizzazione ed utilizzabile per espandere la portata dei suoi benefici?”.
Relativamente alla metodologia adottata, si evidenzia che la segmentazione dello studio per aree di ricerca, diverse nell’oggetto ma comuni nello scopo, ha imposto l’adozione di tecniche di approccio integrate quali-quantitative, precedute sempre da una rassegna della letteratura esistente, nazionale ed internazionale.
In particolare, nella sezione dedicata alla ricerca empirica (composta da due indagini: la prima avente l’obiettivo di comprendere quale sia l’apertura delle BCC al microcredito ed agli immigrati, la seconda indirizzata alle organizzazioni di microcredito che operano attualmente in Italia allo scopo di determinare il posizionamento di questo innovativo strumento di credito nel più complesso panorama finanziario nazionale in termini spaziali, temporali, di volumi e natura delle operazioni) sono state impiegate metodologie statistiche campionarie di analisi quantitativa che utilizzano il questionario come strumento di raccolta dati. I data base sono stati opportunamente ideati e costruiti, fornendo alla ricerca spunti di interessante originalità. Al fine di rappresentare adeguatamente le dinamiche che interagiscono nei settori di volta in volta indagati, si è ritenuto opportuno utilizzare congiuntamente diverse tecniche di elaborazione ed interpretazione dei risultati, avvalendosi di strumenti riconducibili alla cluster analisys, all’analisi delle serie storiche e all’analisi descrittivo-esplorativa.Microcredit is concerned with the system of granting loans to people falling within the realm of the so-called ‘unbankable’, namely those devoid of any kind of collateral and / or personal guarantee, and the deployment of a wide and varied range of services aimed at the creation of a real and tangible investment-funding network (Yunus, 1998; The Torre, Wind, 2005). The main purpose of this study is to understand if microcredit in Italy offers an opportunity to deploy financing on a larger scale to improve the willingness to extend credit to the country’s active poor. The aim of this study is to identify specific and clearly defined targets, both on the side of the applicant (the immigrants) and that of the microcredit provider (the credit cooperative system). Interest in this area of study came about after selecting from a large number of authors who, for various reasons, have tackled this issue by proposing models and possible solutions of particular note. An attempt to summarize this into one main research question, as outlined so far, leads us to propose the following question: "Could immigrants (on the request-side) and the credit cooperative system (on the supply-side) represent the actual parties which will direct the attention of scientific research in creating a microcredit product of high standards and usability in order to expand the range of benefits?". With regard to the methodology used, it appears that the segmentation of the study into areas for research, different in scope but common in goal, has required the adoption of quali-quantitative integrated approach techniques which always preceded by a review of the existing national and international literature. In particular, in the section devoted to empirical research, statistical sampling methods for quantitative analysis were used through questionnaires as a means of collecting data (consisting of two surveys: the first, aimed at understanding how to introduce the Credit Cooperative Banks (BCC) to microcredit as related to immigrants, the second addressed at microcredit organizations that are currently operating in Italy, in the more complex, domestic financial landscape in order to determine the placement of this innovative credit tool in terms of distribution, timing, quantity and the nature of operations). Furthermore, the databases were properly designed and constructed, providing interesting and original ideas for the research. In order to adequately represent the dynamics under investigation, that occur in the field from time to time, it was considered appropriate to simultaneously use different techniques for processing and interpreting results, making use of tools associated with cluster analysis, time-series analysis and descriptive-exploratory analysis.
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Calixtre, André Bojikian 1982. "A condição informal = reflexões sobre o processo de informalidade no Brasil contemporâneo." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286363.
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Orientador: José Ricardo Barbosa GonçalvesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Pretende-se versar sobre a questão da informalidade como um modo de vida, um conceito que, em suas múltiplas manifestações, surge no debate internacional, aos fins dos 1960 e torna-se um dos elementos fundamentais para a compreensão do mercado de trabalho no Brasil contemporâneo, nos outros países subdesenvolvidos e mesmo no mundo desenvolvido. No Brasil, a ponte entre a informalidade e o desenvolvimento socioeconômico será entendida como a dinâmica histórica da formação social capitalista brasileira. Esta dinâmica pode ser condensada, no que se refere ao sentido do desenvolvimento, como a interdependência entre moderno e arcaico, manifestada ora na forma de complementaridade, ora de antagonismo aberto e insuperável, mas sempre no sentido de mutualidade mediante constante reinvenção do moderno e do arcaico no processo histórico. Por meio dessa interpretação, encontrar-se-á o espaço em que se reproduzem as relações entre um sujeito histórico específico, criador de um Estado nacional cujo funcionamento é igualmente peculiar. Enfocando a questão do trabalho, essa relação contemporaneamente se reproduz em meio a um Processo de Informalidade, ou seja, de formas dinâmicas e subordinadas de organização da produção exercidas pelo bloqueio da racionalização das relações entre esferas pública e privada. Ao capturar o sentido deste trabalhador informal e sujeito histórico, em busca de padrões de sociabilidade distintos dos espaços formais da economia é possível avançar na compreensão de sua condição informal, bem como dos limites e possibilidades transformadores para o desenvolvimento nacional
Abstract: The Informal Condition: reflections on the Informality Process in contemporary's Brazil. It is intended to board Informality as a way of life, a concept which in many ways appears in the international debate, to the end of 1960s and became one of the key elements for understanding labour markets in contemporary's Brazil and other underdeveloped countries, and recently in the developed world. In Brazil's case, the bridge between informality and socioeconomic development is based on historical dynamics of Brazilian capitalist social formation. This dynamics can be condensed, regarding to the direction of development, as the interdependence between modern and archaic social structures, sometimes manifested as complementarities, sometimes undefeatable antagonism, but always in the sense of mutuality through constant reinvention of modern and archaic in the historical process. Using this interpretation, it will be searched for the "locus" that reproduces the relationship between a specific historical subject, creator of a National State whose operation is also peculiar. The working hypothesis stands that this relationship is reproduced simultaneously in the midst of an Informality Process, ie, in dynamic forms and also subordinate organizations of production focused on blocking rationalization of relations between public and private spheres. By capturing the meaning of this informal worker and historical subject, searching for distinct patterns of sociability of the formal economy, it is possible to advance the understanding of their Informal Condition as well as the limits and possibilities for national development changing
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
Books on the topic "Economia informale"
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Le strategie del sommerso: Economia informale e popolare in Cile durante e dopo il regime militare. Roma: Ediziioni Lavoro, 2000.
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Nigro, Giampiero, ed. Il commercio al minuto. Domanda e offerta tra economia formale e informale. Secc. XIII-XVIII / Retail Trade. Supply and demand in the formal and informal economy from the 13th to the 18th century. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-751-7.
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La distribuzione dei beni di consumo nell’Europa medievale e moderna era multiforme e coinvolgeva spazi e attori diversi. Nelle fiere e nei mercati, nelle botteghe più o meno grandi delle città si vendeva ogni tipo di derrate alimentari e di oggetti necessari alla vita quotidiana. Erano anche innumerevoli i piccoli ambulanti che tenevano banco per strada, i contadini che raggiungevano la città per offrire i prodotti dei loro orti o del pollaio, della caccia o della raccolta spontanea, passando di casa in casa. Mercanti ambulanti percorrevano con le loro balle e casse anche le vie meno frequentate, raggiungendo villaggi e frazioni disperse. Una grande molteplicità di attori economici che concorrevano assieme a raggiungere ogni tipo di consumatore, dai più agiati ai più umili. L’obiettivo del progetto di ricerca è stato quello di comprendere l’organizzazione economica e l’evoluzione di queste diverse forme di commercio al minuto. Sul piano dei risultati, i contributi raccolti in questo volume costituiscono la risposta storiograficamente più aggiornata ad alcune delle questioni proposte, come l’analisi dei legami tra le diverse scale spaziali (dalla bottega alle reti europee di mercanti ambulanti), del commercio formale e informale tra regola e pratica, della circolazione dei beni fra città e campagna, delle tensioni fra gli attori di questi scambi, le loro rivalità e i loro accordi, ma anche le attese dei consumatori e le esigenze dello stato, e degli effetti sull’organizzazione istituzionale e dei mestieri della distribuzione nel periodo compreso fra il Medioevo e il XVIII secolo.
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Danesh, Abol Hassan. The informal economy: Underground economy, moonlighting, subcontracting, household economy, unorganized sector, barter, ghetto economy, second economy : a research guide. New York: Garland Pub., 1991.
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Feige, Edgar L. The underground economics: Tax evasion and information distortion. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
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Università di Torino. Istituto di economia politica "G. Prato.", ed. Economia sommersa e analisi economica. Torino: G. Giappichelli, 1985.
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Istituto internazionale di storia economica F. Datini. Settimana di studio. Il commercio al minuto: Domanda e offerta tra economia formale e informale, secc. XIII-XVIII = Retail trade : supply and demand in the formal and informal economy from the 13th to the 18th century : selezione di ricerche. Firenze: Firenze University Press, 2015.
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Off the books: The rise of the underground economy. New York, N.Y: St. Martin's Press, 1985.
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Off the books: The rise of the underground economy. London: Pluto Press, 1985.
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Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Coordenação de Trabalho e Rendimento., ed. Economia informal urbana. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2006.
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J, Thomas J. Informal economic activity. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Economia informale"
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Hart, Keith. "Informal Economy." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 6481–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_804.
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Hart, Keith. "Informal Economy." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–4. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_804-1.
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Hart, Keith. "Informal Economy." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–4. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_804-2.
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Bremner, Caroline. "Informal economy." In Encyclopedia of Tourism, 474–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01384-8_609.
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Altmann, Matthias P. "Informal Economic Activity." In Contextual Development Economics, 73–90. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7231-6_5.
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Smith, James D. "Market Motives in the Informal Economy." In The Economics of the Shadow Economy, 161–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88408-5_10.
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Lobato, Ramon. "Informal Media Economies." In Shadow Economies of Cinema, 39–54. London: British Film Institute, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84457-583-1_4.
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Laguerre, Michel S. "The Informal Economy." In The Informal City, 47–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23540-7_3.
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Rasmussen, Rasmus Ole. "Informal Economy, Arctic." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 3270–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_1468.
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Bremner, Caroline. "Informal economy, tourism." In Encyclopedia of Tourism, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_609-1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Economia informale"
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Tăbîrcă, Alina Iuliana, Loredana Cristina Tănase, and Valentin Radu. "Social Costs of Globalization in Emergent Economies." In 2nd International Conference Global Ethics - Key of Sustainability (GEKoS). LUMEN Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gekos2021/7.
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This research focuses on identifying and analyzing the main factors that generate social costs in the context of globalization. In emerging economies, the social and economic factors underlying a significant and the growing income inequality tend to be different from work factors in many OECD countries. The importance of the informal economy, combined with the persistence of significant geographic disparities in economic performance, is a significant factor in the inequality of revenues in all emerging economies. In turn, the informal economy and geographic disparities are closely linked to other aspects of inequality such as gender, ethnic differences, disparities in educational achievement, and working conditions. This paper develops these factors and synthesizes their effect in order to serve as a starting point for a further econometric research to measure the impact in emerging economies.
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Skenderi, Besnik, and Diamanta Skenderi. "The spatial nature of entrepreneurship, economic prosperity and, the informal economy." In University for Business and Technology International Conference. Pristina, Kosovo: University for Business and Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2014.50.
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Smerkolj, Nik, and Marko Jeran. "Informal Economic Activity in the Service Sector During the Pandemics of COVID-19." In Socratic Lectures 7. University of Lubljana Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2022.d18.
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In this contribution, we present the findings of our research on informal economic activity in the service sector during the pandemics of COVID-19. We found that approximately 28% of respondents were engaged in informal economic activity, while the most commonly purchased services were accommodation and food service activities and administrative and support service activities. Our results show that the primary reasons for such engagement were directly linked to the pandemics of COVID-19, which is an important finding for decision-makers. Based on the results of the research we believe that consumer habits have not shifted towards regular engagement in informal economic activities. Respondents also showed a general supportiveness of informal economic activities of ser-vice providers during the pandemics and lockdowns, which might indicate a dissatisfaction with the government restrictions on business activities. With the use of the Pearson chi-squared test, we found no association between the sex of the respondents and their engagement in the informal economic activity or their opinion on the legitimacy of service providers' activities during the pandemics and lockdowns. Keywords: Informal economic activity; Grey economy; Service sector; Survey; Association
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Kasyan, A. V., and V. S. Istomin. "MECHANISMS FOR COUNTERING THE SHADOW ECONOMY AS A THREAT TO RUSSIA'S ECONOMIC SECURITY." In CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF RUSSIA AND CHINA. Amur State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/medprh.56.
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The article examines the characteristics of the shadow economy in modern Russia, the reasons and scale of the transition of the population to the informal sector, assesses the scale of criminalization of the country's economy, as well as ways to counter the shadow economy
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Aydın, Eren Gül. "A Study on Informal Employment in Turkey from Theorical and Emprical Perspectives." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00824.
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This paper elaborates both theorical and empirical evolution of the informal employment as an part of the informal economy in Turkey. First of all, economic dualism and migration is emphasized as the main reasons of informal employment and examine other reasons of the informal employment such as social,fiscal and economic.Later of this study, an econometric model is employed by using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. Informal employment is used as independent variables of industrial production(IPI). The first result of econometrics model, informal employment was seen statistically significiant determinator of IPI. Secondly, some production and employment variables and Gross National Product are used for estimating decisive factor of the informal employment in Turkey between 2005 and 2012. Results show that GDP and all other variables used in regression positively corelated to informal employment except import and export in Turkey.
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Bildirici, Melike, and Özgür Ömer Ersin. "Economic Growth in the Eurasian Transition Economies: The Roles of Institutional and Structural Factors." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01955.
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The study aims to evaluate economic growth process and the problems faced by the selected transition economies in Eurasia during the transition period and especially after their independence. The countries analyzed are Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The economic growth performances are evaluated with selected institutional and structural factors; namely, with political stability, democratization and corruption with panel regression analyses. Due to the availability of the data and to obtain a balanced panel of the analyzed countries, the sample is restricted to the 1987-2011 period. The empirical findings suggest that the role of democratization has been significant on growth for the period of transition and after the independence. Unexpectedly, the findings point at positive impacts of corruption on economic growth which suggest that high levels of corruption have significant effects on economic growth due to the enlargement of the informal economy and which translates itself on GDP growth rates. Empirical results also suggest that the success or failure in economic development in this regard is related to, in addition to measures taken in terms of economic reforms, the cooperation of the societies with these reforms, the level political stability, corruption, social-democratization of communist parties and failure or success in claiming the conducted reforms by the transition economies.
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Ellis, Ruel. "STIMULATING REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A CASE FOR INFORMAL SCIENCE EDUCATION." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/zgpt3042.
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The Purpose of this paper is to propose a collaborative model in support of the sustainable economic development of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in the Caribbean through the collaboration of The National Institute of Higher Education Research, Science and Technology and Tertiary Level Institutions (TLIs) in the Caribbean in an eco-system which outputs informal science education technologies. The methodology utilized in the development of this paper is mainly desk research of literature which link economic development to education. The findings suggest that the early introduction of students to science education impacts their choice and curricula, and a curricular which supports the knowledge economy is one which will foster economic sustainability in the modern world.
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Giridher, Tapsie, Raksik Kim, Divya Rai, Adam Hanover, Jun Yuan, Fatima Zarinni, Christelle Scharff, Anita Wasilewska, and Jennifer L. Wong. "Mobile applications for informal economies." In 2009 International Multiconference on Computer Science and Information Technology (IMCSIT). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imcsit.2009.5352703.
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De Souza, Mónica Virginia. "La economía informal urbana y su impacto en la ciudad: comercio de calle, ambulantes y ferias en la ciudad de Concepción, Chile." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5878.
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Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la economía informal y su influencia en el espacio urbano, su
contribución a la identidad de la ciudad y efecto en la vida ciudadana, así como los conflictos que esta actividad
genera en la ciudad. Se propone plantear propuestas para mejorar el espacio público y las condiciones de
trabajo del comercio informal. Como caso de estudio se analizan las actividades del comercio informal en la
ciudad de Concepción, Chile, durante el periodo que media entre el año 2000 al 2012. This study is intended to investigate the informal economy and its influence on urban space, its contribution to
the identity of the city and the citizenship, as well as they conflicts they generate in the city. The aim is to raise
ideas to optimize public areas, as well as the informal trade working conditions. The informal activity in the city of
Concepcion, Chile, will be analyzed as study case, taking into account the period from 2000 to 2012
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Chizhikova, K. V., and V. A. Yakimova. "INFORMAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY OF THE AMUR REGION AS A THREAT TO ECONOMIC SECURITY." In RUSSIA AND CHINA: A VECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT. Amur State University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/rc.2019.1.86.
Full textReports on the topic "Economia informale"
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Harriss-White, Barbara. Innovation in India's Informal Economy. Council for Social Development, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii251.
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Collyer, Michael, Diana Mitlin, Robert Wilson, and Zaman Shahaduz. Covid-19: Community Resilience in Urban Informal Settlements. Institute of Development Studies, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2021.001.
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Around the world, the Covid-19 pandemic has exacerbated differences that already existed. Health outcomes and the economic impacts of resulting lockdowns have not been evenly distributed and inequalities have deepened. As the pandemic began, there were widespread concerns for the urban poor. Population density and limited service provision in informal neighbourhoods meant that standard measures to reduce transmission were difficult or impossible. Livelihoods based on day labour and the unskilled service economy were also most seriously affected by the resulting lockdowns.
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Aked, Jody. Supply Chains, the Informal Economy, and the Worst Forms of Child Labour. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.006.
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As a cohort of people, ‘children in work’ have become critical to the everyday functioning of diverse supply chain systems. This Working Paper considers diverse commodity chains (leather, waste, recycling and sex) to explore the business realities that generate child labour in its worst forms. A review of the literature finds that occurrence of the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) in supply chain systems is contingent on the organising logics and strategies adopted by actors in both the formal and informal economies. Piecing together the available evidence, the paper hypothesises that a supply chain system is sensitive to the use of WFCL when downward pressure to take on business risk cannot be matched by the economic resilience to absorb that risk. Emergencies and persistent stressors may increase risk and reduce resilience, shifting norms and behaviour. There is a need for further work to learn from business owners and workers in the informal economy.
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McLain, Rebecca J., Susan J. Alexander, and Eric T. Jones. Incorporating understanding of informal economic activity in natural resource and economic development policy. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-755.
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Oppel, Annalena. Beyond Informal Social Protection – Personal Networks of Economic Support in Namibia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2020.002.
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This paper poses a different lens on informal social protection (ISP). ISP is generally understood as practices of livelihood support among individuals. While studies have explored the social dynamics of such, they rarely do so beyond the conceptual space of informalities and poverty. For instance, they discuss aspects of inclusion, incentives and disincentives, efficiency and adequacy. This provides important insights on whether and to what extent these practices provide livelihood support and for whom. However, doing so in part disregards the socio-political context within which support practices take place. This paper therefore introduces the lens of between-group inequality through the Black Tax narrative. It draws on unique mixed method data of 205 personal support networks of Namibian adults. The results show how understanding these practices beyond the lens of informal social protection can provide important insights on how economic inequality resonates in support relationships, which in turn can play a part in reproducing the inequalities to which they respond.
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Lenhardt, Amanda. The Social Economic Impacts of Covid-19 in Informal Urban Settlements. Institute of Development Studies, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2021.008.
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The social economic impacts of the Covid-19 crisis in informal urban settlements are widely discussed in the literature, as are the risk factors for particular social and economic groups in these areas. However, government responses and evidence of their impact do not appear to rise to the challenges posed by these studies. Pre-pandemic analyses of risk factors in informal urban settlements and newly collected evidence from different contexts are available to understand the unique and pressing challenges that the pandemic poses to wellbeing in informal urban settlements. In contrast, there is little evidence of effective policy and programme solutions to address these challenges, which is likely driven by the absence of targeted policies and programmes to support people living in informal urban settlements. As a result, many communities have had to rely on their own limited resources and support networks to respond to the crisis (Wilkinson, 2021). This report briefly summarises the range of available evidence on the social economic impacts of the Covid-19 crisis in informal urban settlements and the intersectional differences in how different identity groups living in them have experienced the pandemic. Following a short introduction to the context of the Covid-19 crisis in these areas, the report outlines three thematic areas that have received significant attention in the literature and policy discourses – livelihoods and poverty, food security, and education. While not an exhaustive list, this range of topics is indicative of the range of evidence available and outstanding gaps. The remaining section details evidence of how different identity groups living in informal urban settlements have experienced the pandemic based on gender, disability, age, and migration status. The review draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, with some opinion pieces and blogs also included given the ongoing nature of the pandemic.
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Termeer, Emma, Siemen van Berkum, Youri Dijkxhoorn, and Bart de Steenhuijsen Piters. Unpacking the informal midstream: how the informal economy can and should contribute to enhanced food system outcomes. Den Haag: Wageningen Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/576754.
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Peters, Amos. Estimating the Size of the Informal Economy in Caribbean States. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000791.
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Allen, Cecilia. An Inclusive Recovery: The Social, Environmental and Economic Benefits of Partnering with Informal Recyclers. Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46556/vpkh5682.
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Charmes, Jacques. Designing Surveys and Analysing Results from a Gender Perspective in Economic Research. Institute of Development Studies, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2022.009.
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This document provides guidance on the integration of gender and diversity considerations into applied research in economics focusing on countries in which the informal sector is predominant. It draws inspiration from the support given to the West African research centres involved in researching solutions to the socioeconomic challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly the livelihoods of vulnerable groups and the informal sector. The document was written with the assistance of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and is intended to be a guide to applied research. Section 1 sets out the principal orientations of gender analyses. Section 2 examines how, in practice, considerations of gender and diversity are integrated into the design and formulation of statistical and qualitative surveys, and into their descriptive and logistic analyses. Section 3 contains a brief compilation of the resources available on gender, the informal economy, and the Covid-19 pandemic.