Journal articles: 'Econometric models – Technological innovations'

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Matrizaev, B. D. "Research of methodological principles and financial mechanisms of macro-strategic management of the dynamics of technological innovation systems." Finance: Theory and Practice 26, no. 1 (February 26, 2022): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2022-26-1-144-155.

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Production and consumption systems need radical innovations to meet the challenges of the post-industrial world. The questions of how systemic innovations or changes in socio-technical systems are implemented and in what form the principles and mechanisms of macro-strategic management of them can be organized are very relevant. Equally relevant is the issue of ensuring the inflow of resources for technological development, such as public funding or private capital. The aim of the article is to study a new model for the implementation of innovations in socio-technical systems based on a system dynamics approach. The author applies methods of a systematic approach to the analysis of economic processes and phenomena, methods of statistical and econometric analysis, methods of grouping and classification, economic and mathematical modeling, methods of comparative historical and cross-country analysis, forecasting methods and expert judgments. The article examines the methodological principles and mechanisms of macro-strategic management of the dynamics of technological innovation systems and ensuring their financial support. The author proposes a new methodological approach based on system dynamics, which combines two modern concepts of technological innovation systems management: the concept of “innovation engines”, based on the research on new technological innovation systems, and the concept of a “three-vector transition module”. A model of the emergence or decline of technological innovation systems in the context of various transitional processes (changes) in socio-technical systems is identified. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of new and improvement of the key methodological approaches currently used for the strategic management of the dynamics of technological innovation systems. The conclusions of the article show that the new methodological approach proposed by the author provides an important first step towards the study of more formalized models for studying the dynamics of technological innovation systems.

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Reznakova, Maria, and Stanislava Stefankova. "New Indicators of Innovation Activity in Economic Growth Models." Journal of Competitiveness 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7441/joc.2022.03.09.

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Our extensive literature review shows that innovations are fundamental to maintaining competitiveness at both micro- and macro-economic levels. In this study, we address how to improve the measurement of innovations and their impact on a country’s competitiveness and economic growth. We provide an overview of indicators used to measure innovations and propose three new ones that are supposed to capture knowledge spillover: The Foreign Knowledge Inflow, Domestic Knowledge Outflow, and General Propensity to Patent. Innovation was proxied by the number of patent applications, which we supplemented with indexes measuring the origin of knowledge and its transfer. We employed the system GMM method on panel data of 56 countries for 2002–2019 to confirm and compare the informational value of standard innovation indicators and our indexes. Implementation of indexes revealed the counteracting impact of patenting on economic growth when the positive effect of innovation creation is weakened by knowledge disclosure. We provide evidence that a low propensity to patent facilitates growth. The impact of foreign knowledge on an economy is dependent on its technological capacity. The infusion of foreign knowledge boosts the growth of fast-growing economies but inhibits the growth of less technologically sophisticated ones. This supports our assumption that when researching the impact of innovations on economic growth, it is crucial to consider additional factors. Hence, index implementation appears to be the correct method.

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BELLEGARD, NEY LUIZ, and RODOLFO COELHO PRATES. "DETERMINANTS OF PROFICIENCY IN UNDERLYING PROCESSES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION MANAGEMENT." International Journal of Innovation Management 21, no. 06 (July 27, 2017): 1750045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919617500451.

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Most empirical studies on the identification of determinants of innovation deal with innovation without descending to the level of its underlying processes. The objective of this study is twofold: to identify determinants of proficiencies in these processes, and to measure the impact of the main determinants on the proficiencies. The data used originated mainly from three surveys conducted in the Brazilian state of Paraná. We built ordered probit econometric models for the proficiencies, with explanatory variables related to contextual and internal factors of the firms. The main determinants identified were the organisational structure and assignment of responsibility for innovation, the technological standing of the firm, and the number of certifications (quality, environmental, and others) held. We found a negative association, much to our surprise, between the use of government incentives and the proficiencies in intellectual property management and in technology monitoring and forecasting.

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Salamaga, Marcin. "Econometric Analysis of the Relationship Between Innovation and Foreign Trade Distance in Central and Eastern Europe Countries." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 360–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2020-0021.

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AbstractResearch background: Posner’s technology gap theories and Vernon’s product life cycle assume that differences in innovation and technology levels are the cause of foreign trade. These theories are subject to empirical verification. To date, however, the analysis of the impact of innovation distance on a country’s export competitiveness is omitted. This article tries to fill this research gap. The author attempts to examine the relationship between the innovation gap and export competitiveness in industries with varying levels of technological advancement.Purpose: The aim of the article is to research the direction and strength of the impact of the innovation gap on export competitiveness in 10 different industries in Central and Eastern Europe countries (CEECs).Research methodology: Dynamic panel models were used in the research, which describe the impact of the technological gap on the export competitiveness of countries. To measure innovation, the indicator of innovative comparative advantage was constructed and based on the number of patents used. The technological gap in individual countries was calculated as the Euclidean distance indicators of the innovative advantage in a given country from other countries.Results: In light of the presented results of the study, it can be concluded that innovation generally has a significant and positive impact on the competitiveness of exports in the high and medium-high technology industries of the CEECs, while it does not significantly affect the competitiveness of trade in low technology industries. In addition, the Visegrad countries in the high and medium-high technology industries generally have a low technological gap and a smaller distance in export competitiveness using the dynamic panel data model.Novelty: The added value of this article is an innovative study on the impact of the technological gap on export competitiveness with the example of the CEECs using the dynamic panel data model.

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Sun, Wenxiang, Jisheng Peng, Juelin Ma, and Weiguo Zhong. "Evolution and performance of Chinese technology policy." Journal of Technology Management in China 4, no. 3 (September 25, 2009): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17468770911013528.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution of Chinese technology policy, assess its technological and economic performance from the visual angle of “market in exchange for technology” strategy.Design/methodology/approachA quantified method based on policy contents from policy power, policy goals and policy means was developed to build a policy database, and analyze the evolutionary tendency of Chinese technology policy. In addition, econometric models were built to assess the performance of technology policy.FindingsThe critical goals of Chinese technology policy are introducing technology directly or indirectly by introducing foreign investment and innovation, but the critical linkage between introduction and innovation‐technology absorption was absent – almost all policy means aim at the introduction of foreign investment and innovation but not technology absorption. More unfortunately, the econometric results show that introduction of foreign investment contributes little, while technology absorption contributes much more. Institutional path‐dependence and the competition for benefits among different departments have aggravated an already unbalanced emphasis on technology policies during the reform.Research limitations/implicationsDuring the quantification of technology policy, one perhaps loses some information about policy, and it can only be used to analyze the technology policy system, not special technology policy.Practical implicationsAnalyses of the evolution of Chinese technology policy and econometric results show the blunder of “market in exchange for technology” strategy from policy formulation and execution. Also, it leads to the optimization of technology policy from policy targets, implements based on national technology and innovation strategy.Originality/valueThe paper develops the method of technology policy quantification and builds econometric models to assess the contribution of technology policy to technology progress and economy development.

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Ye, Tifang, Xiuli Xiang, Xiangyu Ge, and Keling Yang. "Research on Green Finance and Green Development Based Eco-Efficiency and Spatial Econometric Analysis." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 2825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052825.

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During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, a question worth exploring in depth would be how China promotes green development through green finance to realize the goal of financially supporting the construction of ecological civilization. This paper builds a super-efficiency SBM window model to evaluate the comparable eco-efficiency of 30 provincial administrative regions in Mainland China (except Tibet) as a measurement of green development, and constructs an evaluation system for the green finance index, as a measurement of regional green finance development levels in China from 2007 to 2019. This paper also constructs spatial econometric models to study the effects of green finance on green development, and the influence of green finance on green development through supporting green technological innovation. Moreover, this paper analyzes the mechanisms of the spatial spillover effects and the heterogeneity in eastern, central, and western regions of China. The results of the study show that green finance only has a positive effect on green development in eastern regions, while in central and western regions, it fails to effectively support green development. The positive effect of green finance on green development by supporting green technological innovation is only in eastern regions, but it is not significant in the central region, while negative effect in the western region. Finally, according to the research conclusions, it is proposed to implement differentiated policies of green finance and the integration policies of green finance and green technological innovation policies in different regions of China.

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Zhou, Huan, Shaojian Qu, Zhong Wu, and Ying Ji. "A study of environmental regulation, technological innovation, and energy consumption in China based on spatial econometric models and panel threshold models." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 30 (July 2, 2020): 37894–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09793-y.

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Kennedy, Matthew. "The Adverse Effects of Technological Innovation under WTO Subsidy Rules." World Trade Review 19, no. 4 (August 19, 2019): 511–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745619000326.

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AbstractThe WTO concluded in 2012 that subsidized aeronautical research and development (R&D) gave Boeing a head start in product development that caused serious prejudice to the interests of Airbus but later, in 2019, it could not decide how long that head start had lasted. Meanwhile, the WTO concluded in 2018 that launch aid for Airbus aircraft led to innovations that also improved later aircraft models, thereby contributing to serious prejudice to the interests of Boeing. Both conclusions relied on a causation analysis that considered the effects of technological innovation, which makes subsidies used for R&D particularly vulnerable to challenge. This novel analysis may be too broad for the actionable subsidy disciplines of the SCM Agreement.

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Klimanov, Denis, Olga Tretyak, Uri Goren, and Timothy White. "Transformation of Value in Innovative Business Models: The Case of Pharmaceutical Market." Foresight and STI Governance 15, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2021.3.52.65.

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Creating and developing innovative business models (BM) is currently one of the key success factors for contemporary business. Rapid complex changes in the world reemphasize the need to better understand how BM can be successfully innovated in different markets. The digital component of BM innovation comes under a special spotlight, using the example of a company within the pharmaceutical industry. In particular, this study demonstrates how BM innovation can be developed and implemented in practice within the pharmaceutical market, which accelerates its digital transformation to increase the value it brings to the healthcare systems around the world while sustaining the ongoing crisis. In order to do that, the current paper offers a framework for BM innovation that defines BM elements, BM innovation aspects, and BM innovation logic. The study covers six markets that represent different value creation systems and mechanisms. This paper demonstrates how technological innovations can be activated using managerial tools and insights and also how they can be combined into the holistic system based on the needs of the key value chain actors.

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Andrijauskiene, Meda, Daiva Dumciuviene, and Alina Stundziene. "EU framework programmes: positive and negative effects on member states' innovation performance." Equilibrium 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 471–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2021.017.

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Research background: Seeking to ensure competitiveness in the global market, the EU is constantly improving its innovation policy. Compared to other EU initiatives, the Framework Programs for Research and Innovation (FPs) act as the main instrument with the longest history and the largest budget to boost member states' innovation performance. Despite the initial presumptions that these financial inflows should bring positive and constructive effects, the results significantly diverge across the countries with highly uneven and incoherent progress. Therefore, complex and reliable tools must be adopted to evaluate the long-term influence of EU investment and the reasons which distort the innovation performance in separate member states. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the influence of EU investment on its member states? innovation performance by using a redeveloped national innovative capacity framework and including technological, non-technological and commercial innovative output. Methods: Panel unit root tests were used to assess the time series stationarity. Autoregressive distributed lag models helped in calculating the long-term influence of EU investment on member states? innovation performance. Finally, by employing dummies, it was analysed how this influence varied over time and across different countries. Findings & value added: The findings provide evidence that EU investment exerts positive long-term influence on the technological innovative output proxied as total, business and higher education institutions? patent applications, as well as product and process innovations. The effects were also positive on trademarks and marketing, and organisational innovations. However, small but negative influence was found in the case of patent applications by the government sector and the exports of hi-tech products and knowledge-intensive services. These insights may serve in the designing process of the specific instruments and the future innovation policies, which would bring the maximum benefit for the society and economy.

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Andrijauskiene, Meda, Daiva Dumciuviene, and Alina Stundziene. "EU framework programmes: positive and negative effects on member states' innovation performance." Equilibrium 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 471–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2021.017.

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Research background: Seeking to ensure competitiveness in the global market, the EU is constantly improving its innovation policy. Compared to other EU initiatives, the Framework Programs for Research and Innovation (FPs) act as the main instrument with the longest history and the largest budget to boost member states' innovation performance. Despite the initial presumptions that these financial inflows should bring positive and constructive effects, the results significantly diverge across the countries with highly uneven and incoherent progress. Therefore, complex and reliable tools must be adopted to evaluate the long-term influence of EU investment and the reasons which distort the innovation performance in separate member states. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the influence of EU investment on its member states? innovation performance by using a redeveloped national innovative capacity framework and including technological, non-technological and commercial innovative output. Methods: Panel unit root tests were used to assess the time series stationarity. Autoregressive distributed lag models helped in calculating the long-term influence of EU investment on member states? innovation performance. Finally, by employing dummies, it was analysed how this influence varied over time and across different countries. Findings & value added: The findings provide evidence that EU investment exerts positive long-term influence on the technological innovative output proxied as total, business and higher education institutions? patent applications, as well as product and process innovations. The effects were also positive on trademarks and marketing, and organisational innovations. However, small but negative influence was found in the case of patent applications by the government sector and the exports of hi-tech products and knowledge-intensive services. These insights may serve in the designing process of the specific instruments and the future innovation policies, which would bring the maximum benefit for the society and economy.

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Balash, Vladimir, Olga Balash, Alexey Faizliev, and Elena Chistopolskaya. "Economic Growth Patterns: Spatial Econometric Analysis for Russian Regions." Information 11, no. 6 (May 29, 2020): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11060289.

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In this article, we analyze the σ - and β -convergence, using the data of the socio-economic development of Russian areas, and discover the role of spatial autocorrelation in regional economic development. We are considering 80 areas of the Russian Federation for the period of 2010–2017. Moran coefficients were used to estimate spatial autocorrelation. We compare the Moran scatterplots for GDP per capita and GDP growth rates per capita in 2017 and in 2014. We study the impact on raising investment in leading capital and the costs of technological innovation. We evaluate a wide range of specifications of spatial econometric models for all kinds of weight matrices. We combine standard geographical proximity with specialization proximity to assess whether they are substitutes or additions to converging economic growth rates. The weight matrix of the neighborhood and specialization similarities are used. The weight matrix of specialization similarities of the regional economies is based on data on the structure of tax payments in 82 industries. The specialization structure of the region’s economy is related to its location. Clusters obtained by matrices of specialization proximity are well separable from each other in space. The connectivity within clusters and the boundaries between them become more apparent over time. It is shown that according to the results of estimation of conditional β -convergence models, the models of 2010–2014 and 2014–2017 differ significantly. There is a statistically significant β -convergence for the period 2010–2014. There is also the presence of spatial autocorrelation. Based on the results of valuation models constructed from data after 2014, it can be concluded that the coefficient estimates for the explanatory variables are not significantly different from zero, and accordingly there is no tendency towards regional convergence in terms of economic development. The results obtained in the work are stable for the proposed models and spatial weight matrices. Territorial proximity is a more important factor than the similarity of specialization for explanation the economic growth rates of Russian regions.

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Kim, Sukkoo. "Decomposing U.S. Regional Incomes: A Reply." Journal of Economic History 59, no. 3 (September 1999): 779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700023585.

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In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in the phenomenon of economic growth. The interest was sparked by the introduction of new models by Paul Romer and Robert Lucas. The neoclassical Solow growth model, despite its influence over the years, has a fundamental flaw: growth is determined exogenously. The new models by Romer and Lucas solve for the growth rate of the economy endogenously. In these models, due to spillovers in capital or in human capital, growth can go on indefinitely. In a later work, Romer argued that increasing returns are necessary elements in models of technological innovations, which in turn form the foundation for endogenous growth models. The theoretical innovations in modeling growth stimulated a significant body of empirical work.

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Rubilar-Torrealba, Rolando, Karime Chahuán-Jiménez, and Hanns de la Fuente-Mella. "Analysis of the Growth in the Number of Patents Granted and Its Effect over the Level of Growth of the Countries: An Econometric Estimation of the Mixed Model Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 2384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042384.

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The purpose of this paper is to identify and measure the impact of the variables affecting the increase in the number of patents as a way to advance the development of policies in countries in terms of sustainable development based on innovation. An econometric estimation of a mixed model was used to measure the impact of patent development on the countries analyzed in this research. The findings suggest that economies that have some relevance in research and development have increasing numbers of patents. Thus, the empirical findings relate to the theoretical models that state that comparative advantages may be dynamic due to technological innovation. Finally, this paper shows that innovation is a central parameter to engage in research and develop a knowledge-based economy.

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Kukharska, N. O. "The Innovative Component of Economic Growth of Ukraine." Business Inform 10, no. 513 (2020): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-10-57-66.

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It is illustrated that the basis of economic growth for Ukraine and the only opportunity to take its own place among developed countries is to embark on the path of innovative development. The evolution of conceptions describing the impact of innovation on the process of economic growth within the limits of a country is traced, the existing models of innovative development are explored. The statistical relationship between the level of development of the economy and the amount of financing for innovative processes is specified. The theoretical studies on the impact of financing for innovation on economic growth are justified by the results of the author’s own econometric analysis. On the basis of the comparison of international ratings, the main problems are identified and the peculiarities in the formation of an innovative economy in Ukraine along with the factors influencing its development are analyzed. It is substantiated that Ukraine still has sufficient innovation potential (in particular, high quality of human capital, wide coverage of the population with higher education, growing level of exports of IT services, development of both fixed and cellular communication, dynamics of patent activity), constituting the main and necessary component of modernization of the economy and its transition to a new technological level. However, due to the difficult socio-economic and political situation, the lack of imperative and vector of scientific-technological development and modernization of the country in terms of public policy, as well as an adequate strategy for innovative development, Ukraine loses a number of its competitive positions in the world market, especially in the market of high-tech products. The author substantiates the necessity to move in the nearest time from theoretical design of the «problematic field» of priorities of the State innovation policy to the strategizing processes, which include: choosing the most adequate model of innovation development; elaboration of a methodological instrumentarium for allocation from a wide range of scientific-technological and organizational-economic innovations the most significant for the growth of the economy and, on this basis, selection of the main priorities for the scientific-technological development of the country; development of a realistic strategy taking into account the interests of all stakeholders: representatives of government, business and science; ensuring financial, institutional, infrastructure and other mechanisms of its implementation; strict control over the mechanisms for strategy implementation.

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Nancy Gloria Miranda and Tengku Ezni Balqiah. "Role of Network Externalities and Innovation Characteristics in Influencing Intentions to Use an Online Bank: Moderating Technological Anxiety." International Journal of Business and Society 21, no. 3 (April 27, 2021): 1352–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3354.2020.

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Digital innovations have numerous impacts on modern life; as such, many business models have integrated online or virtual forms, which includes banking. An online bank is a virtual form of a bank’s business model that utilizes smartphones and the Internet. This paper intends to analyze the role of network externalities, innovation characteristics, and technological anxiety on the intention to use new forms of this financial business model. The model of this research uses three aforementioned theories on intention to use an online bank in Indonesia. This paper further verifies the relationship between network externalities to intention to use and examines whether any mediating effect of innovation and/or technological anxiety have a moderating effect on the proposed relationships. With the participation of 174 respondents, the data were gathered through purposive sampling and then analyzed using structural equation modeling with three typesof relationships: direct, indirect/mediation, and moderation. The result show that network externalities have direct effects on intention to use, most characteristics of innovation have mediating effects on previous relationships, and technological anxiety has a moderating effect in some paths.

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Cuevas-Vargas, Héctor, Noé Velázquez-Espinoza, and Mónica Colín-Salgado. "Technological Innovation in Colombian Small Firms: A Gender Multi-Group Analysis." Business Systems Research Journal 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 46–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsrj-2022-0004.

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Abstract Background: Studies on innovations have been focused on teams, institutions, and organisations without accounting for the role of the executive’s gender. Objectives: This research aims to analyse how small Colombian firms manage technological innovation from the perspective of the gender of executives. Methods/Approach: A quantitative approach and cross-sectional, non-experimental design through Structural Equation Models with PLS-SEM was used. We self-administered a survey randomly to gather data from 145 small firms’ owners or managers in the department of Bogota, Colombia. Results: The results obtained from multi-group analysis evidence that process innovation has a strong and significant positive impact on the innovation of products, and no significant differences were found when comparing the performance of male executives versus female executives. However, descriptive statistics showed that female executives give more importance to the process and product innovation activities, and they demonstrated to manage a better product innovation performance than male executives. Conclusions: The evidence reveals that female executives are more committed to developing new products and choose to acquire new skills or equipment to develop products and processes. It is, therefore, essential to eliminate organisations’ cultural stereotypes and take advantage of women’s potential in management leadership.

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Lin, MeiTing, and Chun Xu. "Research on the Influence of Digital Economy on the Upgrading of Industrial Structure." Advances in Economics and Management Research 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aemr.3.1.82.

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Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2013 to 2019, this paper calculates the comprehensive index of digital economy development, constructs a variety of econometric models, and discusses the effect and influence mechanism of digital economy on industrial structure upgrading. It is found that the digital economy has a significant positive effect on the upgrading of industrial structure; Digital economy promotes the upgrading of industrial structure by promoting technological innovation; According to the regional inspection, the effect of digital economy on industrial structure upgrading in central, eastern and western regions is gradually decreasing. Finally, according to the results of empirical research, some policy suggestions are put forward.

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Depien, Heitor, and Mário Batalha. "Technological innovation management: Case study with enterprises in the peanut-processing sector." Agroalimentaria 26, no. 50 (2020): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53766/agroalim/2020.26.50.03.

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Technological innovations are the basis of the development of new products, production processes, and business formats, contributing decisively to the success of contemporary business strategies. Recognition of the importance of this issue to the development of enterprises and regions has been reflected in an array of studies and theoretical models seeking to improve technological innovation management in organizations. The present study is part of this context. Based on a broad literature review, it uses knowledge about technological innovation management to propose and test a theoretical analytical framework to evaluate and contribute to the improvement of the innovation management process in manufacturing enterprises. The various theoretical constructs used to create the proposed analytical framework address aspects specific to the success of the technological innovation process. Although it is important to deepen the focal point prioritized by the constructs in their analysis, by focusing on specific factors, they can bias the manager’s perspective or hinder a more holistic and complete view of the problem. The proposed framework was tested using three case studies in the peanut agrifood business in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Main results show that it was capable of capturing the differences in how the studied enterprises carried out technological management. The three companies were classified into one of two groups. The first prioritized process innovation, which responds to direct stimuli from the companies that purchase their product. These companies do not sell directly to end consumers but to other processing companies. The second group privileged product innovation guided by the demands of the final consumer market. The analyses carried out provide data to establish technological management processes adapted to the competitive strategies of the investigated organizations.

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Xu, Shuang. "Application and Analysis of Spatial Spillover Effects of an Improved Panel Data Econometric Model in Universities, Population, and Industrial Parks in Guiyang." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (August 29, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9654342.

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In the field of econometrics, panel data are an extremely important type of data. In macroeconomic research, panel data models are widely used in exchange rate determination theory, testing of cross-border economic growth and convergence theory, analysis of industrial structure, research on technological innovation, etc. The agglomeration and population distribution of colleges and universities, and the economic support of industrial parks play an important role in economic and social development as a source of research and development and a source of talents. The panel data model usually assumes that the error term follows a normal distribution, but the actual data are difficult to satisfy this assumption, and the estimation obtained by traditional methods may be biased or even invalid. This paper proposes a more robust and effective estimation method (ELS-EL) based on the panel data mean regression model, and extends this method to complex panel data models such as generalized linear models and partial linear models; in addition, this paper is based on panel data. We proposed a two-stage instrumental variable method (2S-IVFEQR) to reduce the computational complexity and generalized the new method to the quantile regression model of dynamic panel data. At the same time, this paper uses the above-improved panel data econometric model to analyze the spatial spillover effects of college aggregation, population distribution, and industrial parks in Guiyang. This study found that the agglomeration of colleges and universities has significantly promoted the economic growth of our country. These promotion effects come from both the direct contribution of college agglomeration and the positive external spillover effect of college agglomeration.

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Nikolova-Alexieva, Valentina, Iordanka Alexieva, Katina Valeva, and Mariana Petrova. "Model of the Factors Affecting the Eco-Innovation Activity of Bulgarian Industrial Enterprises." Risks 10, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks10090178.

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In recent years, modern society has faced a number of challenges related to the achievement of global goals for sustainable development. Industrial enterprises are challenged to generate, stimulate, and demand changes in networks and supply chains, but these challenges require flexibility and innovation activity in different directions. The data for Bulgaria show that the country is last among the countries of the European Union in terms of the creation and implementation of eco-innovations. Despite this result, the pace at which the country is developing shows that in the next few years, Bulgaria has the potential to move from a modest to a moderate eco-innovator, provided that it succeeds in filling the structural gaps in the system of ecological innovation. These gaps are related not only to the need for changes in the investment of resources but also to the need for changes in individual and related systems such as science and innovation, support for SMEs, the energy system, etc. Most of the research on sustainable innovation and eco-innovation has, however, focused on firm innovation models dominated by short-term profit-maximizing approaches. Therefore, there is a need to conduct research and propose adequate strategies for modern business environments and design models that facilitate the implementation of eco-innovations in industrial enterprises. The purpose of this report is to investigate the factors influencing the development of eco-innovation activities of Bulgarian industrial enterprises, examining how they can help to achieve success through eco-innovation and improve business results. A factorial model is proposed, through which the relationships between technological, financial, organizational, informational resources, research and development activities (R&D), and company cooperation are analyzed. The PLS structural equation modeling technique was used to validate the proposed theoretical model. The survey was conducted among 380 industrial enterprises from all over the sectors of the economy in Bulgaria with the help of a specially developed questionnaire within the period of April 2019 to December 2021. The obtained results show that human resources, financial resources, and cooperation positively influence research and development activities. In addition, the achievement of a positive effect on the management of eco-innovations affects the innovation activities of industrial enterprises, their ability to carry out research and development activities, as well as their ability to manage the technical and technological resources at their disposal effectively. Finally, the innovation activity aimed at carrying out scientific research and development activity, products and processes obtained as a result of the eco-innovation activity, and adequate information management directly affect the efficiency of business processes and financial results.

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Ahmed, Elsadig Musa. "Modelling green productivity spillover effects on sustainability." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 17, no. 3 (April 1, 2020): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-01-2020-0009.

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PurposeThis study aims to explain the integration of innovation and climate with the economic growth Green Productivity (GP) concept. This is drawn from the integration of two important developmental strategies: productivity improvement and environmental protection. Productivity provides the framework for continuous improvement, while environmental protection provides the foundation for sustainable development. Therefore, GP is a strategy for enhancing productivity and environmental performance for overall socio-economic development.Design/methodology/approachThree variations of frameworks and econometric model were developed to measure green total factor productivity, green labour productivity and green capital productivity, and their contributions to green productivity and sustainable development; these were based on extensive and intensive growth theories.FindingsThe sustainability of higher economic growth will likely continue to be productivity driven. This will be through the enhancement of total factor productivity (TFP) as technological progress in nations that combined the three dimensions of sustainable development (economic development, environmental protection and social sustainable development via human capital development). Such an enhancement needs to emphasise the quality of the workforce, demand intensity, economic restructuring, capital structure, technical progress and environmental standards. It should be recalled that green productivity through green TFP demonstrates the sustainable development concept of progressing technologically. It will ensure the rights of the future, as well as current, generations for them to enjoy a better life.Originality/valueThe study fills the gaps in growth theories by developing three variations of frameworks and econometric models, and internalising pollutants emissions as private and unpriced inputs in the three models. Further, the green capital productivity model is the sole contributing model developed in this research; it has not been thought about in any previous studies. This study highlighted the green productivity that is ignored by the studies that have been awarded the Nobel Prize in economic sciences in 2018.

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Sinoi, Elena-Alexandra. "The impact of educated migrants and R&D expenditures on innovation." Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2021-0002.

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Abstract Migration has become a topic of great interest of the 21st century, as it triggers multiple advantages and downsides, both for the people and communities implicated, depending on the policies in place. International migration should not be perceived as an issue that needs to be solved, but rather a global phenomenon that can reduce poverty and foster inclusive growth and sustainable development, both in origin and destination countries. The most highly-skilled immigrants represent a key factor in enhancing innovation and technological change processes, which are essential aspects of social and economic development. The purpose of the study is to analyse the impact of highly educated immigrants (with tertiary-educated immigrant employees and foreign PhD students) together with R&D investments on innovative activity (proxied by the number of patents applications), in the case of the ten countries which joined the EU in 2004. The evaluated time frame is from 2011 to 2017. For the econometric analysis of the panel data, we developed fixed-effects linear regression models, at the country-level. The indicators computed are relevant to the innovative activity. The econometric estimations highlight a positive correlation between educated migrants and the number of patent applications in all ten countries. This nexus is even strengthened when we take into consideration other relevant impact factors, such as investments in R&D and human capital. Therefore, the more efforts and investments are devoted to R&D and highly educated individuals, the more predictable the innovation is.

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Wofford, Larry, David Wyman, and Christopher W. Starr. "Do you have a naïve forecasting model of the future?" Journal of Property Investment & Finance 38, no. 4 (March 20, 2020): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-12-2019-0154.

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PurposeThis paper addresses the increasingly rapid and disruptive changes caused by technology innovations impacting commercial real estate (CRE) and how leaders in today's CRE business environment can better anticipate, and even experiment with, disruptive technologies while maintaining current business assets and practices.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative research is based in systems theory, through which the impact of disruptive technology innovation cycles on business models is described for tactical and strategic utility.FindingsThe advent of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) is characterized by a convergence of multiple technological innovations including artificial intelligence, the Internet of things, smart buildings, autonomous agents, and automated decision-making. Industry 4.0 promises a future of discontinuities and disruptive innovation superseding the deployment of digital technologies enabled by Industry 3.0. Ambidextrous leaders need to maintain two concurrent foci: one on the current CRE business environment for incremental improvements and one on new opportunities made possible by the next technology innovation cycle.Practical implicationsBy anticipating the inflection points of nonlinear technology adoption cycles, CRE leaders can reduce risks and increase innovative opportunities as participants in the next disruptive cycle rather than falling victim to it.Originality/valueThis work examines CRE market disruptions caused by technology innovation cycles through the lens of systems theory. A connection is made between the nonlinear nature of technology disruption cycles within the CRE business environment and how CRE leadership can better anticipate and prepare for change through ambidextrous thinking.

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Moghavvemi, Sedigheh, Noor Akma Mohd Salleh, and Craig Standing. "Entrepreneurs adoption of information system innovation." Internet Research 26, no. 5 (October 3, 2016): 1181–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-01-2014-0024.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore technology acceptance and use behavior of IS innovations by entrepreneurs. To measure the perception of IS innovations by entrepreneurs the authors review unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and the entrepreneurial potential model, empirically compare the two models, develop a new model that integrates elements from the two models, and then empirically validate the new model (technology adoption decision and use (TADU)) in a technology acceptance context. Design/methodology/approach The data used to test the hypothesis are collected from 1,200 entrepreneurs in Malaysia. The research model was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings The results indicate that perceived desirability and perceived feasibility have significant effects on entrepreneurs’ intention to adopt and use innovations. Propensity to use is an important factor that has a significant effect on individual behavior. The precipitating events that happen in the time lag between intention and behavior will disrupt entrepreneurs’ inertia and induce a change in their behavior, encouraging them to seek the best opportunity available. Practical implications Understanding the individual, technological, and environmental factors that significantly affect IT adoption behavior can support policy makers in providing guidance on the adoption and usage of IT innovations by entrepreneurs. Originality/value This study proposes a TADU model with six core determinants of intention and usage – perceived desirability, perceived feasibility, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions and two new moderators, precipitating events and the propensity to act.

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Wu, Yunyun, and Han Xu. "The Effect of FDI Agglomeration on Carbon Emission Intensity: Evidence from City-Level Data in China." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021716.

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How to accelerate the reduction of carbon emissions in the context of the “double carbon” target has become a key concern for all sectors of society. This paper firstly analyzes the influence mechanism of foreign direct investment (FDI) agglomeration on carbon emission intensity, from a theoretical perspective. Then, based on a panel data of 270 cities in China from 2006 to 2019, this paper uses ArcGIS software to visually analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of FDI agglomeration and carbon emission intensity, and constructs traditional fixed effect models and spatial econometric models for empirical analysis. The results show that, first, FDI agglomeration has a significantly positive impact on the carbon emission intensity of local and neighboring cities with crowding effect. Second, the level of technological innovation can mitigate the crowding effect of FDI agglomeration on carbon emission intensity in local and neighboring cities. Third, there is a negative spatial autocorrelation between the local carbon emission intensity and the carbon emission intensity of neighboring cities. Fourth, the crowding effect of FDI agglomeration on carbon emission intensity is mainly concentrated in the central and western regions. Based on the research conclusions, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasure suggestions.

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Guzmán Chávez, Georgina Alenka, Nallely Molina Velasco, and Guadalupe Calderón Martínez. "Factors affecting the propensity of academic researchers in Mexico to become inventors and their productivity." Contaduría y Administración 64, no. 1 (October 19, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fca.24488410e.2018.1777.

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We aim to answer the following research questions: Which is the propensity of Mexican Research National System –sni- researchers from universities and institutes to become inventors in patents granted to their institutions? What are the personal, institutional and innovation nature factors which have influence in such propensity? Which factors favor the inventive productivity of the academic inventors? According to the outcomes of three econometric models proposed, using micro data of uspto patents during 1980- 2013 and the sni researchers individual and institutional data, our main findings are: the sni researchers propensity of being inventors of their institutions’ patents is marginal but it is higher when they belong to institutions with an intellectual property regulation. Also, this propensity is associated with: the researcher’s age and its sni level, as personal factors; the institution size and the PhD quality programs approved by conacyt, as institutional factors; finally, technological amplitude, invention scope, the technological collaboration and the importance of the invention, as factors of the innovation nature. While, the research team mixed of women and men and the technology transfer office have not still influence in the pip. Finally, we have tested that the age has influence in the inventors’ productivity in a positive sense and the square_age affects in a negative way. Also, the invention scope and the technological collaboration, have a positive impact. But not, the level of sni researchers-inventors and the sni scientific research area, and neither the PhD academic quality programs.

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Матризаев, Бахадыр Джуманиязович. "RESEARCH OF THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE INFLUENCE OF MACROECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS ON THE INTENSIFICATION OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Экономика и управление, no. 1(53) (March 30, 2021): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/2219-1453/2021.1.007-020.

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Целью статьи является исследование теоретико-методологических аспектов влияния макроэкономических и институциональных факторов на интенсификацию инновационного развития страны. Рассматривается влияние процессов коэволюции технологической диверсификации и внешнеэкономической конъюнктуры на интенсивность макроинновационного развития страны. Автором предлагается методология двухмодульного анализа, основанная на международной патентной статистике и макроэкономических индикаторах за период 1976-2018 гг. Исследуются модели коэволюции и характеристики внешнеэкономической диверсификации. В попытке объяснить наблюдаемые автором закономерности используется ряд эконометрических методов. Эмпирические результаты показывают, что существует ассиметричная причинно-следственная связь между технологической диверсификацией и инновациями. Этот результат является устойчивым в разные периоды времени и в разных группах стран. Кроме того, установлено, что внешнеэкономическая диверсификация, т. е. уровень глобализации национальной экономики страны, положительно влияет на интенсивность инноваций в стране, в то время как технологическая диверсификация оказывает негативное влияние. The aim of this article is to research the theoretical and methodological aspects of the impact of macroeconomic and institutional factors on the intensification of innovative development of the country. In particular, the article examines the impact of the processes of co-evolution of technological diversification and foreign economic conditions on the intensity of country's macro-innovative development. We propose a methodology for two-module analysis based on international patent statistics and macroeconomic indicators for the period 1976-2018. First, we study the models of coevolution and the characteristics of foreign economic diversification. In an attempt to explain the patterns we use a number of econometric methods. Our empirical results show that there is an asymmetric causal relationship between technological diversification and innovation. This result is consistent across time periods and across country groups. In addition, it is established that foreign economic diversification, i.e. The level of globalization of a country's national economy has a positive impact on the intensity of innovation in the country, while technological diversification has a negative impact.

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Guo, Yanhua, Lianjun Tong, and Lin Mei. "Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Industrial Pollution in Jilin Restricted Development Zone: A Spatial Econometric Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 4194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084194.

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Winning the battle against pollution and strengthening ecological protection in all respects are vital for promoting green development and building a moderately prosperous ecological civilization in China. Using the entropy weight method, this paper establishes and evaluates a comprehensive industrial pollution index that contains and synthesizes six major industrial pollutants (wastewater, COD, waste gas, SO2, NOx, and solid waste) in the 2006–2015 period. Subsequently, this paper studies the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of industrial pollution via the Moran index and spatial econometric analysis. The empirical results indicate that (1) the temporal evolution of the industrial pollution index is characterized by an overall trend of first decreasing and then increasing. (2) The industrial pollution index of each county has certain geographical disparities and significant spatially polarized characteristics in 2006, 2009, 2012, and 2015. (3) The Moran test shows that there is a relatively significant spatial autocorrelation of the industrial pollution index among counties and that the geographical distribution of the industrial pollution index tends to show clustering. (4) Spatial regression models that incorporate spatial factors better explain the influencing factors of industrial pollution. The economic development level, technological progress, and industrialization are negatively correlated with industrial pollution, while population density and industrial production capacity are positively correlated. (5) Consequently, as relevant policy recommendations, this paper proposes that environmental cooperation linkage mechanisms, environmental protection credit systems, and green technology innovation systems should be established in different geographical locations to achieve the goals of green county construction and sustainable development.

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DYKAN, Valeriia, and Oleksandr PAKHARENKO. "SIMULATION OF LIFE CYCLE INTERVALS FOR EVALUATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL NETWORK DEVELOPMENT." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2021-2-25.

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Introduction. Each stage of the life cycle of the enterprise is characterized by features in the provision of tangible and intangible resources, potential, and areas of its use, which causes differences in determining the prospects for the development of network enterprises. The article aims to determine the features of managing the development of business networks depending on their stage of the life cycle. Results. An econometric approach to determining the quantitative criteria for identifying each phase of the life cycle of network enterprises has been developed using questionnaire methods, fuzzy sets, and integrated estimation. The approbation of the proposed approach was carried out based on network enterprises of the machine-building industry of the Kharkiv region for 2015-2019. By building linear multifactor regression models, key factors-components of synergetic effect, social synergy have been defined, affecting network enterprises' efficiency. Conclusions. According to the study results, determined that at the growth stage, the priority factors of the development of network enterprises are the achievement of the synergy of strategic management, labor potential management, information, and communication synergy. At the maturity stage, enterprises' development is ensured by the positive synergetic effect of strategic management, innovation-technological and information-communication synergy. At the stage of decline by restoring the solvency of enterprises is the development of synergies of strategic management, synergies of labor potential management, innovation, and technological synergies. The emphasis on the development of these components of the synergetic effect of network interaction forms the priority areas for managing the development of network enterprises depending on their stage of the life cycle. Keywords: network enterprises, entrepreneurial network, synergetic effect, development, life cycle.

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Espada-Chavarria, Rosa, Miriam Diaz-Vega, and Rayco H. González-Montesino. "Open Innovation for an Inclusive Labor Market for University Students with Disabilities." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 4 (October 16, 2021): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7040217.

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Social changes, technological evolutions, globalization and even the achievement of sustainable development objectives require the adoption of new business models, in which innovations are considered a cornerstone of achieving and maintaining a competitive and a social advantage. This descriptive and quantitative study discusses the results obtained after implementing an open innovation program to promote access to internships for university students with disabilities, in which three multi-national companies have participated. We used the Job Typicalness, Quality of Work Life and Employment Maturity Interview Questionnaires to collect information. The results show that the jobs performed by disabled participants are similar to those of other workers. This job typicality positively influences their perception of quality of life and job satisfaction. The open innovation process has focused on collaboration to provide accessibility and equity to the procedures of human resources departments for access to employment, that is, external collaboration has been used to offer an equal-opportunity hiring process. The information obtained allows us to conclude that companies need to increase their training and/or knowledge in the fields of diversity and inclusion to eliminate the barriers of access to employment found in hiring processes. This study reveals the importance of this type of open innovation among companies and organizations, not only for establishing diversity-sensitive human resources policies, but also for promoting the talent attraction with equal opportunities and an inclusive labour market.

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Barre, Remi. "Innovation systems dynamics and the positioning of Europe. A review and critique of recent Foresight studies." Foresight 16, no. 2 (April 8, 2014): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-05-2012-0041.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to shed light on innovation systems dynamics and the positioning of Europe in a longer term perspective, with special attention to the international governance of the major challenges which humanity is facing. Design/methodology/approach – The method used is based on a secondary analysis and interpretation of Foresight studies. The underlying assumption is that Foresight exercises can be considered as the scene where techno-economic systems and trajectories are proposed, discussed and shaped. Findings – Foresights can be distinguished by the challenges and issues they focus on: – the innovation race: competitiveness and influence through innovation, – the thematic concerns: the stakes of global public goods, – the normative perspectives: a new style of development in the making. The question to know whether Europe can be a world driver in fostering responsible innovation models and cooperative modes of knowledge circulation and global challenges handling through relevant social and technological innovations. Originality/value – This paper reviews and puts in perspective Foresight exercises in an original way, this on two grounds: first, it includes exercises fostered at national, regional (in particular the EU) and global (UN system) levels – this to account for the emerging multi-level governance and, second, it classifies them according to their major focus, namely the innovation race, the thematic concerns (global public goods) and the normative perspectives (new style of development). It provides to the actors of innovation in both the public and private sector an understanding of the current key-concerns and visions on innovation systems and the position of Europe.

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Fernández, Juan. "The impact of gender diversity in foreign subsidiaries’ innovation outputs." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 7, no. 2 (June 8, 2015): 148–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-07-2014-0022.

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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the effect of R&D teams’ gender diversity on different innovation outputs. The paper argues that some innovations are best positioned to capitalize on the benefits of gender diversity because of the greater relevance of market insight and personal interactions. Moreover, it argues that gender diversity is not a source of innovation for foreign firms because of the subsidiaries’ role in the multinational group, the tacit nature of gender policies and the institutional distance between multinationals’ home and host countries. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing from data of the Spanish Survey of Technological Innovation Panel de Innovación Tecnológica (PITEC), this study uses multivariable probit models that allow for systematic correlations among the different innovation outcomes to determine the impact of R&D workforce gender diversity on the likelihood of introducing different innovation outputs. Findings – Allowing for systematic correlations among different innovation outcomes, results indicate that the relationship between gender diversity and product and process innovation has the shape of an inverted-U, while there is a positive linear association with service innovation. Moreover, gender diversity produces a greater impact on product innovation than on process innovation. Results also indicate that while gender diversity fosters every innovation outcome of domestic firms, it only contributes to foreign firms’ services innovation in a positive non-linear way. Research limitations/implications – Because of the availability of data, this paper has focused on how firms’ multinationality and group affiliation influence the relationship between gender diversity and innovation; however, other firms’ differences might also play a role on the effectiveness of the R&D workforce’s gender diversity. Firms differ on strategies, structures and capabilities (Nelson, 1991), and these differences may condition the potential of gender diversity. Therefore, this paper opens future research lines. Practical implications – Innovative firms should be concerned with human resource management practices for gender diversity regardless of their innovation output strategy. However, managers should not consider forming teams with equal proportions of men and women. Those firms aiming at introducing innovations that involve interactions among internal and external agents and those that require a better interface with the marketplace will benefit more from gender diversity than those firms pursuing innovations related to the solution of technical problems. Finally, the paper shows that foreign subsidiaries have problems with the implementation of gender policies, especially when it comes to service and process innovation activities. Originality/value – This paper contributes by examining the influence of two contextual factors that may affect the relationship between gender diversity and innovation. First, it examines how gender diversity affects the likelihood of introducing different innovation outputs (product, service and process) as the different tasks required by each innovation represent different contexts that may affect the effectiveness of gender diversity. Second, the paper analyzes whether the influence of R&D workforce’s gender diversity on innovation outputs is different for domestic and foreign firms as foreign firms’ national culture, organizational culture, strategy and HR practices differ from those of domestic firms.

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Jimenez, Manuel I., Philip Abbott, and Kenneth Foster. "Measurement and analysis of agricultural productivity in Colombia." El futuro de las humanidades 11, no. 20 (2019): 4–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/ecos.2019.47.1.

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Tremendous agricultural potential in Colombia has gone untapped for decades due to: i) civil strife and the criminal drug trade; ii) uncertain property rights; iii) inadequate infrastructure; iv) lack of innovation and technological development; v) lack of funding, vi) lack of investment; and vii) misallocation of resources within the sector. Proof of this is the relatively lower growth of the value of Colombia’s agriculture versus other countries in the region during the agricultural prices booms (FAO, 2015). This paper analyzes whether Colombia’s weak agricultural performance was due to low productivity growth rather than input accumulation. Using econometric specifications, this paper finds that Colombia’s agricultural productivity grew on average between 0.8% and 1.3% annually from 1975 and 2013. This growth was mainly driven by livestock and poultry productivity, which grew between 1.6% and 2.2%, while crop productivity grew between 0% and 0.8%. Likewise, this paper finds biased technical and scale effects whenever the models are able to test their presence. In addition, it finds evidence that Colombia’s agricultural productivity growth was affected by changing economic circumstances. These results are significant for post-conflict rural investment because they provide information about the returns on future government investment options in the rural sector of Colombia.

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Kharazishvili, Yuri, and Vyacheslav Lyashenko. "Accounting for innovative factors of economic growth in the production function of Cobb-Douglas (on the example of old industrial regions of Ukraine)." Economy of Industry 1, no. 93 (March 25, 2021): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econindustry2021.01.005.

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Based on the analysis of the quantitative assessment of the influence of the factors of innovative activity on the dynamics of economic development and the endogenous determination of its contribution to the economic growth of the country, it is revealed that in foreign researches it is identified with the concept of the influence of scientific and technological progress. However, the impact of innovative factors on economic growth is not considered separately. Attempts of such a definition in Ukrainian researches are limited to well-known approaches: methods of integral assessment, methods of expert assessments, the method of multipliers, econometric models. Most of the approaches considered are focused on defining the innovative impact on economic development, rather than on economic growth. The main tool for assessing the role and innovative contribution to economic growth is the aggregate supply function model, usually based on the Cobb-Douglas production function. The analysis of the approaches used revealed a number of comments on econometric approaches. In contrast to this, an approach is proposed based on the neoclassical production function of Cobb-Douglas with a constant return to scale in the form of J. Tinbergen, with technical progress neutral according to J. Hicks, decreasing marginal productivity of macrofactors with limited interchangeability, which provides a causal functional (and not a statistical) relationship between input and output variables; does not require long time series. It is characterized by dynamic coefficients of elasticity, capital utilization rate and taking into account the innovation factor in each separate period. The innovation factor includes: the gross domestic expenditures on research and development, the expenditures on innovation, general expenditures on education. To define the contribution of formal innovation factor in economic growth applied "method of Solow residual", which by taking the logarithm and obtaining logarithmic derivatives in the production function, provides a formalized information about the contribution of each factor to economic growth and allows to develop the necessary regulatory measures. The method has been tested at the level of the country and old industrial regions of Ukraine: Dnepropetrovsk, Zaporozhye and Kirovograd regions of the Dnieper economic region of Ukraine. The role, importance and influence of the main factors of economic growth along with innovative ones on the part of the aggregate supply are considered and the cost-effectiveness of innovative factors is estimated.

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Vasyaycheva, Vera Ansarovna. "Human resources management for industrial enterprises in the context of innovative changes: Its role, characteristics, and optimization areas." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Экономика» = Perm University Herald. ECONOMY 16, no. 4 (2021): 405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-9960-2021-4-405-420.

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The transition to the sixth technological order of the modern economy develops new approaches and principles of managing economic systems aimed to reproduce groundbreaking innovations that contribute to economic growth and enhance the competitive advantages of the country's economy in the world arena. This validates the issue of strengthening human resources of industrial enterprises as a key component for the competitiveness of national industry. The purpose of the research is to develop a mechanism for the efficient management of human resources of industrial enterprises. This mechanism should ensure sustainability of human resources innovative development in the context of unpredictable environment. To achieve the purpose of the research, the authors applied the methods of scientific cognition: a dialectic approach, analysis and synthesis, as well as the tools of econometric modeling. The analysis helped develop economic and mathematical models which, unlike the existing ones, prove the actual need for stronger human resources of the RF industrial enterprises with a better quality of human resources management in the context of global economy trends. The models can be used to predict trends in the RF economy, timely identify relevant areas of innovative development and develop proactive management measures to enhance human resources efficiency in the context of innovative changes. The proposed mechanism for enhancing the industrial enterprises’ human resources ensures constant and comprehensive monitoring of enterprise environment, construction of flexible architecture of management processes, structuring of the management functions, reasonable distribution of the functional tasks among the departments and particular executors, regulation and optimization of subject-object relations, identification and classification of the parameters which impact the successful achievement of strategic goals, as well as the development of a transparent system of eliminating the barriers for worse quality and efficiency of human resources exploitation. The scientific recommendations and conclusions articulated in this study can act as a methodological tool for the management of industrial enterprises in determining options for solving the problems of economic growth and increasing competitiveness. Further research is seen to be in unification of the methodological tools of human resources management with regard to the proposed management system based on modern information technologies.

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Zaenchkovski, A. E., E. A. Kirillova, and V. P. Meshalkin. "ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTS FOR INNOVATIVE CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY IN THE REGIONS OF THE NORTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка 70, no. 4/2020 (December 27, 2020): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2220-802x.4.2020.70.013.

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The implementation of the fifth technological order and the creation of conditions for the transition to the sixth is possible only on the basis of the production of innovative high-tech products. At the same time, the economies of many Russian regions still have a raw material orientation, which hinders their development. The predominance of mining and low production diversity is typical for the Russian North regions. Clustering can be one of the ways to increase the efficiency of production and economic activities of these regions, increase the stability of their economic systems to adverse impacts, and increase their competitiveness in the long term. The article analyzes the five-year experience of implementing Russian innovative territorial clusters in the context of the main socio-economic indicators of the region, and also provides an assessment of the opportunities for industrial development in the regions of the North of the Russian Federation. The variety of models for the development of innovation-territorial clusters determines the need to take into account the regional features of the development of each cluster localization territories and the use of management and support tools, taking into account the specifics of each specific region. The formation of stable cluster forms of joint activities organization on the territory of this region will be the basis for catalyzing innovation processes in it. The results of innovative activities are interrelated elements of the system at all stages of the value chain will allow the result of a synergistic effect to maximize the total utility level of the region as a whole. The study used methods of comparative and static analysis of socio-economic phenomena, econometric tools.

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Olaniyi, Oyinlola, Muhammad Ali, and Adesanya Babatunde Moses. "A Review of the Unemployment - Economic Growth Nexus in Nigeria from 1980 to 2015: A Disaggregated Approach." Growth 8, no. 1 (December 8, 2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/journal.511.2021.81.48.56.

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The phenomenon of jobless growth in Nigeria in recent years has called to question the Okun’s law that the growth of gross domestic product (GDP) reduces unemployment. This study therefore, analyses the nexus between GDP growth and unemployment in Nigeria by disaggregating total output into its sectoral components to analyze the impact of sectoral output on unemployment using data from 1980 to-2015 employing the econometric technique of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing approach. Two ARDL models were specified. The first bound test revealed the existence of co integration between unemployment and GDP growth. The growth of GDP is positively related to unemployment in the long run but a negative relationship was found in the short run. The result of the disaggregated model (i.e the second ARDL model) found no long run relationship between unemployment and agriculture, industry, construction, trade, and services. We opined that the findings of the disaggregated model resulted from the disconnection between aggregate demand and aggregate supply of the productive sectors and the lack of direct linkages between the oil sector and other sectors of the economy. The study recommends that such linkages should be forged through enhanced funding of research and development, technological innovation and the development of value chain of agriculture and solid minerals output. Nigerians should be encouraged to consume locally made products. Efforts should be intensified to develop direct linkages between the oil sector and other sectors through input supply contracts and the development of downstream industries in the oil sector.

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Zhuang, Rulong, Kena Mi, Menglu Zhi, and Chaoyang Zhang. "Digital Finance and Green Development: Characteristics, Mechanisms, and Empirical Evidences." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 16940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416940.

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As the emergence of digital finance is relatively short, research results on digital finance mainly focus on products, services, coverage, policies, etc. The mechanism and role of digital finance in influencing green development are still lacking attention. In the above context, this paper used spatial analysis methods to describe spatiotemporal characteristics in detail, and empirically tested the mechanism and path of digital finance affecting green development through spatial econometric models and intermediary models. The results showed that: (1) During the study period, digital finance and green development have been improved to varying degrees, but the inter-provincial differences are still obvious. (2) The spatial trends of digital finance and green development are similar, and the overall performance is “high in the east, low in the west, high in the south, and low in the north”. (3) The empirical tests found that digital finance is an effective force to reduce energy consumption per unit of GDP and improve the level of green development. It validates Hypothesis 1. Meanwhile, the Heterogeneity effect is noteworthy due to different regions, types, and levels. (4) The promotion of green development by digital finance is mainly concentrated in the local region and has not yet shown a significant green spillover effect for surrounding areas. It validates Hypothesis 2. (5) Energy structure, industrial upgrading, and technological progress are three paths for digital finance affecting green development. Hypothesis 3 is verified. Finally, the innovation of this paper lies in the design of the research framework, diversity of research methods, and policy implications. The main contribution is to enrich and expand the environmental finance theory and provide detailed empirical evidence. In addition, we put forward effective measures and suggestions including local governments, financial institutions, and enterprises based on the empirical results. Local governments should pay attention to policy implementation and operation effects, financial institutions constantly need to strengthen the supply of advanced digital financial products and services, and enterprises should attach importance to the use of digital financial tools to achieve green and low-carbon development in the future.

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Baranova, Nina M. "Some estimates of human capital and its role in the economic development of Russia." RUDN Journal of Economics 26, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2018-26-4-559-569.

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Innovation is the main source of long-term economic growth, the basis of competitiveness in world markets and the source of solutions to social challenges, and human capital (HC) is the driver of economic efficiency and achievement of the country’s competitive advantages. Unfortunately, Russia is far behind the capacity not only of the developed world, but also to fast-growing economies, in most indicators that characterize the level of development of scientific and technical potential. This problem is further exacerbated by the negative dynamics of the HC. The technological inferiority can lead the country to dependence on highly developed countries, and, consequently, to worsening of its security situation and loss of sovereignty, to weakening and “diluting” the country’s HC. To address these problems, Mr. Vladimir Putin, President of the Russian Federation, signed the “May decree” defining the national development goals of the country until 2024. There was carried out data analysis of the reports of the UN, the World Bank, WEF in Davos, Russian Federal State Statistics Service and other sources to explore the level of the development of the Russian HC and its role in the national development. There were completed the calculations of the Human Development Index (HDI) according to the UN methodology for 2025 and 2030 on their basis. Econometric models for analyzing and forecasting the development of the Russian HC in the near future under different scenarios were constructed with the Eviews 9.5. The forecasting calculations of the HDI showed that if the “May Decree” is implemented at least to a greater extent, many of the Presidential instructions to the Federal Assembly will be fulfilled, and the digitalization of the Russian economy will contribute to “the country’s entry into the top 10 countries with economic growth rates higher than the world”.

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Ziegler, Andreas. "Disentangling technological innovations: a micro-econometric analysis of their determinants." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 58, no. 2 (December 17, 2013): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2013.855180.

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Kogan, Leonid, and Dimitris Papanikolaou. "Technological Innovation, Intangible Capital, and Asset Prices." Annual Review of Financial Economics 11, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 221–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-110118-123049.

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We review research on the asset pricing implications of models with innovation and intangible capital. In these models, technological innovation shocks propagate differently than standard total factor productivity shocks—and therefore have qualitatively distinct asset pricing implications. We discuss recent approaches to measuring intangible capital and innovation, many of which rely on the prices of financial securities. Last, we review models that explore the economic differences between intangible and innovation relative to other forms of investments—focusing on the role of human capital and cash-flow appropriability.

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Walisinghe, Buddhini Ranjika, Shyama Ratnasiri, Nicholas Rohde, and Ross Guest. "Does agricultural extension promote technology adoption in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 12 (December 4, 2017): 2173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-10-2016-0275.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of agricultural extension services provided by public sector on the individual technology adoption behaviour of rice farmers in Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach The study used data from a cross sectional survey conducted in seven rice procuring regions in Sri Lanka. Eight rice technologies were selected to explore the effect of extension service on adoption behaviour of rice farmers using probit models. The extension service variable was identified as potentially endogeneous and instrumented using average extension for each region. Findings The results revealed that the extension service variable was positive and indicative of a high level of significance in all the rice technologies promoting the adoption. Hence the public agricultural extension service programmes were considered as significant explanators of technology adoption. The farmers who received agricultural extension service were more likely to adopt a technology. Social implications At present, the position of agricultural extension service is questioned and the future is unknown. Therefore, this study advises policy makers to prioritise agricultural policies to strengthen public spending on agricultural extension for effective adoption of technological innovations. Originality/value The paper adds solid empirical evidence to the literature on technology adoption behaviour from a peasant agricultural context in a developing country scenario that uses farm level data. Moreover, the study contributes to the literature by reiterating the significance of public provision of extension and training programmes as a direct motive in the technology adoption behaviour of farmers.

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Hassan, Syeda Anam, and Misbah Nosheen. "The Impact of Air Transportation on Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Pakistan: Evidence from ARDL Modelling Approach." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 3, no. 6 (2018): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.36.2001.

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No one can deny the progression and innovation in the aviation transportation collected at national and international level. But the accountancy of the impact of air transportation on environmental degradation is naive and emerging trend of the current era. The air transportation versus environment is the key contribution to the literature that is solely conducted for Pakistan first time in this context. The objective of this research is to compute the impact of air transportation on carbon dioxide emissions, nitrous emissions and methane emissions separately in the three models by applying ARDL bound test approach during 1990 to 2017. The result depicts significant and positive relation of air transportation (carriage) to carbon dioxide emissions (0.77), nitrous emissions (0.20) and methane emissions (0.38) in long-run. The short-run results infer that the air transportation (passenger) has significantly positive relation to carbon dioxide emissions (0.278), nitrous emissions (0.207), and methane emissions (0.080). The econometric outcomes show the significant and direct relation to transportation (both passenger and cargo) to carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions in short and long-run. Moreover, per capita GDP, population density, and energy demand also significantly affect the environment showing significant and positive coefficients to all three categories (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) of emission. In case of Pakistan, FDI and trade for this duration didn’t significantly contribute to the CO2, NO2, and methane emissions. Since the last decade the economic issues of Pakistan like terrorism, political instability, energy crises, and poor management along with the worst performance by tertiary sectors have severely hit the economy, and as a result, the FDI and trade sector has tormented in a substantial proportion. Finally, pairwise Granger causation also supports the short and long-run consequences. The outcomes suggested that the fuel-efficient energy use and technological diversification in the transportation sector are essential to mitigate the degrading environmental emissions.

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Gusev, Vladislav. "Structural management models of technological innovations." SHS Web of Conferences 116 (2021): 00038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111600038.

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In order to define the parameters of structural innovations of the technological core of the economic system, a formalized criterion of the effectiveness of these innovations has been proposed, a model of the technological core has been developed, as well as mathematical methods of its analysis. The developed model uses the cross-sectoral balance sheet of the national accounts of the economy. The analysis of the model consists in calculating the preferred structure of the technological core and calculating plans for its phased development.

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Hu, Baomin, Lili Wang, and Xinkai Yu. "Stochastic diffusion models for substitutable technological innovations." International Journal of Technology Management 28, no. 7/8 (2004): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtm.2004.005775.

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Liu, Yanran, Lei Tang, and Guangfu Liu. "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction through Technological Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Provinces." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 9543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159543.

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Energy consumption and industrial activities are the primary sources of carbon emissions. As the “world’s factory” and the largest carbon emitter, China has been emphasizing the core role of technological innovation in promoting industrial structure upgrades (ISU) and energy efficiency (EE) to reduce carbon emissions from industrial production and energy consumption. This study investigated the mechanism (through ISU and EE) and spillover effect of technological innovation on carbon emission reduction using the panel dataset of 30 Chinese provinces from 2008 to 2019 and spatial econometrics models. The study concluded that (1) technological innovation had a negative direct effect on provincial carbon emissions, while it also showed a spatial spillover effect on neighboring provinces; (2) technological innovation had an indirect effect on provincial carbon emissions reduction through the mediation of energy efficiency improvement, while the mediation effect of industrial structure upgrading is not yet significant; and (3) the effect of technological innovation on carbon emission reduction showed heterogeneity in the eastern, central, and western regions of China. This study provided empirical and theoretical references to decision-makers in China and other developing countries in promoting technological and carbon control policies. More specifically, direct technology investment and indirect investment in industrial structure upgrades and energy efficiency could help with regional carbon emissions reduction.

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Peng, Jiangyan, and Qiying Wang. "WEAK CONVERGENCE TO STOCHASTIC INTEGRALS UNDER PRIMITIVE CONDITIONS IN NONLINEAR ECONOMETRIC MODELS." Econometric Theory 34, no. 5 (October 26, 2017): 1132–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466617000408.

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Limit theory with stochastic integrals plays a major role in time series econometrics. In earlier contributions on weak convergence to stochastic integrals, the literature commonly uses martingale and semi-martingale structures. Liang, Phillips, Wang, and Wang (2016) (see also Wang (2015), Chap. 4.5) currently extended weak convergence to stochastic integrals by allowing for a linear process or a α-mixing sequence in innovations. While these martingale, linear process and α-mixing structures have wide relevance, they are not sufficiently general to cover many econometric applications that have endogeneity and nonlinearity. This paper provides new conditions for weak convergence to stochastic integrals. Our frameworks allow for long memory processes, causal processes, and near-epoch dependence in innovations, which have applications in a wide range of econometric areas such as TAR, bilinear, and other nonlinear models.

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Long, Thomas B., Vincent Blok, and Kim Poldner. "Business models for maximising the diffusion of technological innovations for climate-smart agriculture." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 20, no. 1 (February 7, 2017): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2016.0081.

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Technological innovations will play a prominent role in the transition to climate-smart agriculture (CSA). However, CSA technological innovation diffusion is subject to socio-economic barriers. The success of innovations is partly dependent on the business models that are used to diffuse them. Within the context of innovations for CSA, the role that innovation providers’ business models play in the successful adoption and diffusion has received limited attention. In this paper we identify critical issues for business models for CSA technological innovations (BMfCSATI). Our results indicate that current BMfCSATIs are not optimised for diffusing CSA technological innovations. Critical business model elements include the value proposition, channels, customer relationships, key resources, key partners, and cost structure. We find a disparity between the views of CSA technological innovation providers and potential users. The paper explores the implications of the results and develops recommendations for CSA technological innovation providers’ business models.

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Escanciano, Juan Carlos. "QUASI-MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION OF SEMI-STRONG GARCH MODELS." Econometric Theory 25, no. 2 (April 2009): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466609090689.

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This note proves the consistency and asymptotic normality of the quasi–maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE) of the parameters of a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (GARCH) model with martingale difference centered squared innovations. The results are obtained under mild conditions and generalize and improve those in Lee and Hansen (1994,Econometric Theory10, 29–52) for the local QMLE in semistrong GARCH(1,1) models. In particular, no restrictions on the conditional mean are imposed. Our proofs closely follow those in Francq and Zakoïan (2004,Bernoulli10, 605–637) for independent and identically distributed innovations.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Econometric models – Technological innovations'

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