Relevant bibliographies by topics / Econometric models – Technological innovations

Academic literature on the topic 'Econometric models – Technological innovations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Econometric models – Technological innovations"

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Matrizaev, B. D. "Research of methodological principles and financial mechanisms of macro-strategic management of the dynamics of technological innovation systems." Finance: Theory and Practice 26, no. 1 (February 26, 2022): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2022-26-1-144-155.

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Production and consumption systems need radical innovations to meet the challenges of the post-industrial world. The questions of how systemic innovations or changes in socio-technical systems are implemented and in what form the principles and mechanisms of macro-strategic management of them can be organized are very relevant. Equally relevant is the issue of ensuring the inflow of resources for technological development, such as public funding or private capital. The aim of the article is to study a new model for the implementation of innovations in socio-technical systems based on a system dynamics approach. The author applies methods of a systematic approach to the analysis of economic processes and phenomena, methods of statistical and econometric analysis, methods of grouping and classification, economic and mathematical modeling, methods of comparative historical and cross-country analysis, forecasting methods and expert judgments. The article examines the methodological principles and mechanisms of macro-strategic management of the dynamics of technological innovation systems and ensuring their financial support. The author proposes a new methodological approach based on system dynamics, which combines two modern concepts of technological innovation systems management: the concept of “innovation engines”, based on the research on new technological innovation systems, and the concept of a “three-vector transition module”. A model of the emergence or decline of technological innovation systems in the context of various transitional processes (changes) in socio-technical systems is identified. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of new and improvement of the key methodological approaches currently used for the strategic management of the dynamics of technological innovation systems. The conclusions of the article show that the new methodological approach proposed by the author provides an important first step towards the study of more formalized models for studying the dynamics of technological innovation systems.
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Reznakova, Maria, and Stanislava Stefankova. "New Indicators of Innovation Activity in Economic Growth Models." Journal of Competitiveness 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7441/joc.2022.03.09.

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Our extensive literature review shows that innovations are fundamental to maintaining competitiveness at both micro- and macro-economic levels. In this study, we address how to improve the measurement of innovations and their impact on a country’s competitiveness and economic growth. We provide an overview of indicators used to measure innovations and propose three new ones that are supposed to capture knowledge spillover: The Foreign Knowledge Inflow, Domestic Knowledge Outflow, and General Propensity to Patent. Innovation was proxied by the number of patent applications, which we supplemented with indexes measuring the origin of knowledge and its transfer. We employed the system GMM method on panel data of 56 countries for 2002–2019 to confirm and compare the informational value of standard innovation indicators and our indexes. Implementation of indexes revealed the counteracting impact of patenting on economic growth when the positive effect of innovation creation is weakened by knowledge disclosure. We provide evidence that a low propensity to patent facilitates growth. The impact of foreign knowledge on an economy is dependent on its technological capacity. The infusion of foreign knowledge boosts the growth of fast-growing economies but inhibits the growth of less technologically sophisticated ones. This supports our assumption that when researching the impact of innovations on economic growth, it is crucial to consider additional factors. Hence, index implementation appears to be the correct method.
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BELLEGARD, NEY LUIZ, and RODOLFO COELHO PRATES. "DETERMINANTS OF PROFICIENCY IN UNDERLYING PROCESSES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION MANAGEMENT." International Journal of Innovation Management 21, no. 06 (July 27, 2017): 1750045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919617500451.

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Most empirical studies on the identification of determinants of innovation deal with innovation without descending to the level of its underlying processes. The objective of this study is twofold: to identify determinants of proficiencies in these processes, and to measure the impact of the main determinants on the proficiencies. The data used originated mainly from three surveys conducted in the Brazilian state of Paraná. We built ordered probit econometric models for the proficiencies, with explanatory variables related to contextual and internal factors of the firms. The main determinants identified were the organisational structure and assignment of responsibility for innovation, the technological standing of the firm, and the number of certifications (quality, environmental, and others) held. We found a negative association, much to our surprise, between the use of government incentives and the proficiencies in intellectual property management and in technology monitoring and forecasting.
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Salamaga, Marcin. "Econometric Analysis of the Relationship Between Innovation and Foreign Trade Distance in Central and Eastern Europe Countries." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 360–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2020-0021.

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AbstractResearch background: Posner’s technology gap theories and Vernon’s product life cycle assume that differences in innovation and technology levels are the cause of foreign trade. These theories are subject to empirical verification. To date, however, the analysis of the impact of innovation distance on a country’s export competitiveness is omitted. This article tries to fill this research gap. The author attempts to examine the relationship between the innovation gap and export competitiveness in industries with varying levels of technological advancement.Purpose: The aim of the article is to research the direction and strength of the impact of the innovation gap on export competitiveness in 10 different industries in Central and Eastern Europe countries (CEECs).Research methodology: Dynamic panel models were used in the research, which describe the impact of the technological gap on the export competitiveness of countries. To measure innovation, the indicator of innovative comparative advantage was constructed and based on the number of patents used. The technological gap in individual countries was calculated as the Euclidean distance indicators of the innovative advantage in a given country from other countries.Results: In light of the presented results of the study, it can be concluded that innovation generally has a significant and positive impact on the competitiveness of exports in the high and medium-high technology industries of the CEECs, while it does not significantly affect the competitiveness of trade in low technology industries. In addition, the Visegrad countries in the high and medium-high technology industries generally have a low technological gap and a smaller distance in export competitiveness using the dynamic panel data model.Novelty: The added value of this article is an innovative study on the impact of the technological gap on export competitiveness with the example of the CEECs using the dynamic panel data model.
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Sun, Wenxiang, Jisheng Peng, Juelin Ma, and Weiguo Zhong. "Evolution and performance of Chinese technology policy." Journal of Technology Management in China 4, no. 3 (September 25, 2009): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17468770911013528.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution of Chinese technology policy, assess its technological and economic performance from the visual angle of “market in exchange for technology” strategy.Design/methodology/approachA quantified method based on policy contents from policy power, policy goals and policy means was developed to build a policy database, and analyze the evolutionary tendency of Chinese technology policy. In addition, econometric models were built to assess the performance of technology policy.FindingsThe critical goals of Chinese technology policy are introducing technology directly or indirectly by introducing foreign investment and innovation, but the critical linkage between introduction and innovation‐technology absorption was absent – almost all policy means aim at the introduction of foreign investment and innovation but not technology absorption. More unfortunately, the econometric results show that introduction of foreign investment contributes little, while technology absorption contributes much more. Institutional path‐dependence and the competition for benefits among different departments have aggravated an already unbalanced emphasis on technology policies during the reform.Research limitations/implicationsDuring the quantification of technology policy, one perhaps loses some information about policy, and it can only be used to analyze the technology policy system, not special technology policy.Practical implicationsAnalyses of the evolution of Chinese technology policy and econometric results show the blunder of “market in exchange for technology” strategy from policy formulation and execution. Also, it leads to the optimization of technology policy from policy targets, implements based on national technology and innovation strategy.Originality/valueThe paper develops the method of technology policy quantification and builds econometric models to assess the contribution of technology policy to technology progress and economy development.
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Ye, Tifang, Xiuli Xiang, Xiangyu Ge, and Keling Yang. "Research on Green Finance and Green Development Based Eco-Efficiency and Spatial Econometric Analysis." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 2825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052825.

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During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, a question worth exploring in depth would be how China promotes green development through green finance to realize the goal of financially supporting the construction of ecological civilization. This paper builds a super-efficiency SBM window model to evaluate the comparable eco-efficiency of 30 provincial administrative regions in Mainland China (except Tibet) as a measurement of green development, and constructs an evaluation system for the green finance index, as a measurement of regional green finance development levels in China from 2007 to 2019. This paper also constructs spatial econometric models to study the effects of green finance on green development, and the influence of green finance on green development through supporting green technological innovation. Moreover, this paper analyzes the mechanisms of the spatial spillover effects and the heterogeneity in eastern, central, and western regions of China. The results of the study show that green finance only has a positive effect on green development in eastern regions, while in central and western regions, it fails to effectively support green development. The positive effect of green finance on green development by supporting green technological innovation is only in eastern regions, but it is not significant in the central region, while negative effect in the western region. Finally, according to the research conclusions, it is proposed to implement differentiated policies of green finance and the integration policies of green finance and green technological innovation policies in different regions of China.
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Zhou, Huan, Shaojian Qu, Zhong Wu, and Ying Ji. "A study of environmental regulation, technological innovation, and energy consumption in China based on spatial econometric models and panel threshold models." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 30 (July 2, 2020): 37894–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09793-y.

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Kennedy, Matthew. "The Adverse Effects of Technological Innovation under WTO Subsidy Rules." World Trade Review 19, no. 4 (August 19, 2019): 511–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745619000326.

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AbstractThe WTO concluded in 2012 that subsidized aeronautical research and development (R&D) gave Boeing a head start in product development that caused serious prejudice to the interests of Airbus but later, in 2019, it could not decide how long that head start had lasted. Meanwhile, the WTO concluded in 2018 that launch aid for Airbus aircraft led to innovations that also improved later aircraft models, thereby contributing to serious prejudice to the interests of Boeing. Both conclusions relied on a causation analysis that considered the effects of technological innovation, which makes subsidies used for R&D particularly vulnerable to challenge. This novel analysis may be too broad for the actionable subsidy disciplines of the SCM Agreement.
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Klimanov, Denis, Olga Tretyak, Uri Goren, and Timothy White. "Transformation of Value in Innovative Business Models: The Case of Pharmaceutical Market." Foresight and STI Governance 15, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2021.3.52.65.

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Creating and developing innovative business models (BM) is currently one of the key success factors for contemporary business. Rapid complex changes in the world reemphasize the need to better understand how BM can be successfully innovated in different markets. The digital component of BM innovation comes under a special spotlight, using the example of a company within the pharmaceutical industry. In particular, this study demonstrates how BM innovation can be developed and implemented in practice within the pharmaceutical market, which accelerates its digital transformation to increase the value it brings to the healthcare systems around the world while sustaining the ongoing crisis. In order to do that, the current paper offers a framework for BM innovation that defines BM elements, BM innovation aspects, and BM innovation logic. The study covers six markets that represent different value creation systems and mechanisms. This paper demonstrates how technological innovations can be activated using managerial tools and insights and also how they can be combined into the holistic system based on the needs of the key value chain actors.
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Andrijauskiene, Meda, Daiva Dumciuviene, and Alina Stundziene. "EU framework programmes: positive and negative effects on member states' innovation performance." Equilibrium 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 471–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2021.017.

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Research background: Seeking to ensure competitiveness in the global market, the EU is constantly improving its innovation policy. Compared to other EU initiatives, the Framework Programs for Research and Innovation (FPs) act as the main instrument with the longest history and the largest budget to boost member states' innovation performance. Despite the initial presumptions that these financial inflows should bring positive and constructive effects, the results significantly diverge across the countries with highly uneven and incoherent progress. Therefore, complex and reliable tools must be adopted to evaluate the long-term influence of EU investment and the reasons which distort the innovation performance in separate member states. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the influence of EU investment on its member states? innovation performance by using a redeveloped national innovative capacity framework and including technological, non-technological and commercial innovative output. Methods: Panel unit root tests were used to assess the time series stationarity. Autoregressive distributed lag models helped in calculating the long-term influence of EU investment on member states? innovation performance. Finally, by employing dummies, it was analysed how this influence varied over time and across different countries. Findings & value added: The findings provide evidence that EU investment exerts positive long-term influence on the technological innovative output proxied as total, business and higher education institutions? patent applications, as well as product and process innovations. The effects were also positive on trademarks and marketing, and organisational innovations. However, small but negative influence was found in the case of patent applications by the government sector and the exports of hi-tech products and knowledge-intensive services. These insights may serve in the designing process of the specific instruments and the future innovation policies, which would bring the maximum benefit for the society and economy.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Econometric models – Technological innovations"

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Ghaswala, Akbar Abdulaziz. "Impact of technology on economies of scale in large US commerical banks." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29221.

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Montebello, Adriana Estela Sanjuan. "Análise da evolução da indústria brasileira de celulose no período de 1980 a 2005." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-07032007-164206/.

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O presente trabalho analisa a evolução da indústria brasileira de celulose no período de 1980 a 2005, enfocando três objetivos específicos: 1) analisar a estrutura e o desempenho da indústria brasileira de celulose, avaliando sua produção, exportação e custo de produção. Ao mesmo tempo, discute-se a reorganização dessa indústria a partir da década de 1980 e ressalta as mudanças que surgiram e seus impactos na competitividade da indústria; 2) identificar as pesquisas e inovações tecnológicas que ocorrem nas áreas florestal e industrial e ressaltar seus possíveis impactos sobre a competitividade da indústria brasileira de celulose; e 3) analisar a evolução das exportações brasileiras de celulose, elaborando um modelo econométrico para evidenciar os principais determinantes de sua oferta e demanda. Quanto ao primeiro objetivo desse trabalho, a estrutura e o desempenho da indústria brasileira de celulose foram analisados pelas seguintes variáveis: produção, exportação, custo de produção, número de empresas e, também, índices de concentração. Constatou-se que o Brasil vem ampliando e ganhando marketshare nas exportações de celulose. Esse desempenho exportador é causado, principalmente, pelas vantagens de custo de produção. Para analisar o segundo objetivo dessa dissertação, utilizou-se dados primários, coletados através questionários e a revisão de literatura, a fim de se realizar um levantamento das principais inovações tecnológicas ocorridas na silvicultura e produção industrial de celulose. Ao longo dos anos 80 e 90 e nos anos 2000, pesquisas ocorreram em diferentes intensidades, nas distintas etapas de produção florestal e industrial. Os dados das entrevistas, organizados na forma tabular e gráfica, bem como analisados pelo teste de Wilconox, ressaltam melhoria nas inovações tecnológicas em etapas do processo produtivo que trouxeram expressivos aumentos de produtividade na silvicultura e na produção industrial de celulose e que implicaram redução no custo de produção da celulose. Esta útima elevou a rentabilidade do setor, causando sua expansão. No terceiro objetivo desse trabalho, foram realizadas estimativas das equações de oferta e demanda de celulose para o período de 1980 a 2005. Em relação à oferta de celulose, as variáveis preço brasileiro da celulose exportada e exportações defasada foram significativas a 20% e a 1%, respectivamente. Já o custo de produção não apresentou significância estatística, mas teve o sinal esperado. A elasticidade-preço da oferta brasileira de celulose foi de 0,40, ou seja, trata-se de inelástica em relação ao seu preço. Em relação à estimativa da equação de demanda, o preço da celulose brasileira e a demanda internacional de celulose foram significativos a 1%. A elasticidade-preço da demanda de celulose encontrada foi -0,69 indicando que a demanda pela celulose brasileira é inelástica com relação ao seu preço. Por outro lado, a elasticidade da quantidade demandada de celulose brasileira em relação à demanda internacional desse produto foi 2,17, indicando que a quantidade demandada da celulose brasileira é elástica em relação à demanda internacional desse produto.
The present dissertation analyses the evolution of Brazilian pulp industry from 1980 to 2005, paying attention to three specific objectives: (1) analysis of the Brazilian pulp industry?s structure and performance, evaluating its production, exports and production costs. Besides that, the dissertation discusses the reorganization of this industry since the 1980\'s and highlights the changes that happened and their impacts on the sector\'s competitiveness; (2) Identify the researches and technological innovations that took place in forest and industrial areas, and emphasize their possible impacts on the competitiveness of Brazilian pulp industry; (3) analyze the evolution of the Brazilian pulp exports, elaborating an econometric model to evidence the main determinants of supply and demand for these exports. In relation to the first objective of this work, the structure and performance of the Brazilian pulp industry were analyzed through the following variables: production, export, production costs, number of enterprises, and also concentration indexes. It was evidenced that Brazil is increasing its market share in pulp exports. The increase of exports is mainly due to production cost advantages what associate to innovations in forest and industrial areas. To analyze the second objective of this dissertation, primary data, collected through questionnaires, and literature review were used to realize a survey of the main technological innovations that had occurred in silviculture and in Brazilian pulp production. Throughout the 1980\'s and 1990\'s and during the six first years of the 2000\'s, researches occurred in different intensities, in the distinct stages of industrial and forest production. The primary data organized in tables and graphs, as well as analyzed by Wilconox test, highlight the improves in the technological innovations in the stages of the production process what brought significant increases of productivity in silviculture and in the pulp industrial production, causing the reduction of pulp production cost. The latter enlarged sector\'s profitability, causing its expansion. In the third objective, supply and demand equations for pulp exports were run for data ranging from 1980 to 2005. Regarding to the pulp supply, Brazilian exported pulp price and lagged exports were statistically significant at 20% and 1% level, respectively. The production cost did not show statistically significant, but it had the expected signal. The price elasticity of Brazilian pulp supply was 0.4, so it is inelastic in relation to its price. The demand elasticity price founded was -0.69, indicating the quantity of Brazilian pulp demanded is inelastic in relation to its price. Meanwhile, the elasticity of Brazilian pulp demanded quantity in relation to international demand of this product was 2.17, indicating the demanded quantity of Brazilian pulp is elastic in relation to the international demand of the product.
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Cincera, Michele. "Economic and technological performances of international firms." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212081.

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The research performed throughout this dissertation aims at implementing quantitative methods in order to assess economic and technological performances of firms, i.e. it tries to assess the impacts of the determinants of technological activity on the results of this activity. For this purpose, a representative sample of the most important R&D firms in the world is constituted. The micro-economic nature of the analysis, as well as its international dimension are two main features of this research at the empirical level.

The second chapter illustrates the importance of R&D investments, patenting activities and other measures of technological activities performed by firms over the last 10 years.

The third chapter describes the main features as well as the construction of the database. The raw data sample consists of comparable detailed micro-level data on 2676 large manufacturing firms from several countries. These firms have reported important R&D expenditures over the period 1980-1994.

The fourth chapter explores the dynamic structure of the patent-R&D relationship by considering the number of patent applications as a function of present and lagged levels of R&D expenditures. R&D spillovers as well as technological and geographical opportunities are taken into account as additional determinants in order to explain patenting behaviours. The estimates are based on recently developed econometric techniques that deal with the discrete non-negative nature of the dependent patent variable as well as the simultaneity that can arise between the R&D decisions and patenting. The results show evidence of a rather contemporaneous impact of R&D activities on patenting. As far as R&D spillovers are concerned, these externalities have a significantly higher impact on patenting than own R&D. Furthermore, these effects appear to take more time, three years on average, to show up in patents.

The fifth chapter explores the contribution of own stock of R&D capital to productivity performance of firms. To this end the usual productivity residual methodology is implemented. The empirical section presents a first set of results which replicate the analysis of previous studies and tries to assess the robustness of the findings with regard to the above issues. Then, further results, based on different sub samples of the data set, investigate to what extent the R&D contribution on productivity differs across firms of different industries and geographic areas or between small and large firms and low and high-tech firms. The last section explores more carefully the simultaneity issue. On the whole, the estimates indicate that R&D has a positive impact on productivity performances. Yet, this contribution is far from being homogeneous across the different dimensions of data or according to the various assumptions retained in the productivity model.

The last empirical chapter goes deeper into the analysis of firms' productivity increases, by considering besides own R&D activities the impact of technological spillovers. The chapter begins by surveying the alternative ways proposed in the literature in order to asses the effect of R&D spillovers on productivity. The main findings reported by some studies at the micro level are then outlined. Then, the framework to formalize technological externalities and other technological determinants is exposed. This framework is based on a positioning of firms into a technological space using their patent distribution across technological fields. The question of whether the externalities generated by the technological and geographic neighbours are different on the recipient's productivity is also addressed by splitting the spillover variable into a local and national component. Then, alternative measures of technological proximity are examined. Some interesting observations emerge from the empirical results. First, the impact of spillovers on productivity increases is positive and much more important than the contribution of own R&D. Second, spillover effects are not the same according to whether they emanate from firms specialized in similar technological fields or firms more distant in the technological space. Finally, the magnitude and direction of these effects are radically different within and between the pillars of the Triad. While European firms do not appear to particularly benefit from both national and international sources of spillovers, US firms are mainly receptive to their national stock and Japanese firms take advantage from the international stock.


Doctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Tchórzewska, Kinga Barbara. "Essays on Environmental Policy and Green Investment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670051.

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This PhD thesis provides abundant empirical evidence on the effectiveness of environmental policy instruments alone and as a policy-mix, looking at its effect on green investment and employment. Finally, it also studies the social welfare outcomes of the implementation of the two environmental policy instruments – environmental taxes and public financing. The most direct and obvious conclusion that can be extracted from this thesis is that properly designed policy-instruments are necessary to incentivise firms to invest in green technologies, especially if we want to encourage investment in cleaner production technologies over pollution abating technologies, which is not an easy task to do. I refer to the industrial and energy firms because on one hand, they contribute significantly to air pollution, waste pollution and address resource scarcity, making it even more important for them to invest in technologies that would significantly address the negative externalities. In this regard, this thesis contributes to the literature on causal evidence of environmental policy instruments on firm behaviour, as well as social welfare outcomes arising from different policy scenarios. More specifically, the second chapter of this thesis contributes to the literature on social welfare outcomes arising from the different environmental policy scenarios. In the analysed model we are faced with the asymmetry of decision making. While the regulator favours green investment, which reduces the total pollution level, firms prefer to keep producing using their dirty technology in the symmetric scenarios. The question that arises, therefore, is how such an equilibrium can be induced? It might be the case that with more money being directed at R&D, technologies would become more efficient and cheaper, making it more desirable for firms. From the policy perspective, especially investment in private environment R&D is highly encouraged. In the third chapter of this thesis, I contribute to the literature on drivers of eco-innovations by identifying crucial regulatory factors and firms’ organizational capabilities for encouraging enterprises to invest in green technologies. We observe differences between the drivers of investment in cleaner production and end-of-pipe technologies. In addition, we distinguish between investments with the purpose to reduce air pollution and energy consumption. Firstly, environmental taxation in Spain seems to be rather ineffective at stimulating investment in greener technologies, both for end-of-pipe as well as for cleaner production technologies. We argue that in the Spanish context this might be caused by relatively low rates, environmental taxes might not be doing their task effectively. At the same time, firms react positively to investment subsidies and investment tax incentives. Tax credits seem to be especially successful at financing cleaner production technologies while subsidies are positively related to both EP and CP investments. The implication derived from these findings reveals that direct policies such as subsidies help firms to convert into greener companies, while tax credits lead to reductions in production costs for firms, that pursue a substantial transformation of their production process. Additionally, we can conclude that organization capabilities matter for investment in green technologies. Admittedly, hiring green employees is a strong factor pushing each firm towards green investments, while the relationship between green procedures and certifications is not clear. The fourth chapter of this thesis is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of environmental taxes in Spain at different levels of taxation, in the absence and in combination with public finance - an equally important market-based instrument addressing the market failure of firms. The evaluation is performed with regards to whether the implementation of such environmental policy instrument in Spain is successful at encouraging adoption of green technologies among manufacturing firms. Our results suggest that environmental taxation is effective at encouraging adoption of both types of green technologies. That being said, once we split our treatment to different categories, we find that low levels of environmental taxation do not induce further investments in process eco-innovations. Therefore, we show that the average treatment effect masks substantial heterogeneity across the taxation level groups. Results also consistently show that increasing the amount of taxation increases also the subsequent adoption of green technologies. In the sample of fully supported environmental tax payers, it seems to emerge that firms that are required to pay around EUR 2,500 per year already exhibit significantly higher investment in green technology than under lower amounts of taxation. Additionally, our findings seem to suggest that even low levels of environmental taxation can be effective at inducing investment in green technology if combined with public financing. However, once again the effect is the largest when environmental taxation is at the medium level. That being said, if the regulator is reluctant to increase the taxation level in fear of hurting firms' competitiveness, even low levels of taxation can be effective in combination with public support. Large levels of environmental though very effective on its own, are not strongly encouraged with combination of public financing. The fifth chapter of this thesis analyses, in turn, a large-scale national tax incentive program in Spain, which started in 1996 and finished in 2015. Due to data availability, I focus on the 2008-2014 time window. The findings seem to suggest that encouragement to eliminate the EI tax incentives from the Spanish Corporate Income Tax and fears that they were not successful enough was unwarranted. While it is true that the EI tax credit favoured pollution abating over energy efficient technologies, it did increase substantially investment – and even in the times of financial crises, when the capital market failure was particularly severe. The EI tax credit was found to have positive indirect effects on both number of green employees and private environmental R\&D, which could have additional positive spill-over effects. With regards to the policy change, which was aimed at disincentivizing financing of pollution abating technologies and encouraging – it was assessed as semi-effective. While it is true that it did discourage investment in end-of-pipe technologies, especially those aimed at air-pollution reduction, we could not observe investment in cleaner production technologies increasing as a result. This could suggest that tax incentives should be more clearly defined, as to avoid (1) technological lock-down in old technologies, (2) encourage technologies that do change the production process and result in smaller usage of natural resources e.g energy consumption. One of the caveats of the studied EI tax credit was the confusion it created not only with respect to eligibility criteria but also the definition of technologies that it aimed to finance. Lastly, it is quite comforting to observe, however, that the tax incentive seemed to have addressed the capital market failure of small firms for the investment in cleaner production technologies. The results from the heterogeneous analysis also point out to the fact that this positive effect exists in stark contrast to the reduction in the investment suffered by the big firms.
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Romain, Astrid. "Essays in the empirical analysis of venture capital and entrepreneurship." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210729.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This thesis aims at analysing some aspects of Venture Capital (VC) and high-tech entrepreneurship. The focus is both at the macroeconomic level, comparing venture capital from an international point of view and Technology-Based Small Firms (TBSF) at company and founder’s level in Belgium. The approach is mainly empirical.

This work is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on venture capital. First of all, we test the impact of VC on productivity. We then identify the determinants of VC and we test their impact on the relative level of VC for a panel of countries.

The second part concerns the technology-based small firms in Belgium. The objective is twofold. It first aims at creating a database on Belgian TBSF to better understand the importance of entrepreneurship. In order to do this, a national survey was developed and the statistical results were analysed. Secondly, it provides an analysis of the role of universities in the employment performance of TBSF.

A broad summary of each chapter is presented below.

PART 1: VENTURE CAPITAL

The Economic Impact of Venture Capital

The objective of this chapter is to perform an evaluation of the macroeconomic impact of venture capital. The main assumption is that VC can be considered as being similar in several respects to business R&D performed by large firms. We test whether VC contributes to economic growth through two main channels. The first one is innovation, characterized by the introduction of new products, processes or services on the market. The second one is the development of an absorptive capacity. These hypotheses are tested quantitatively with a production function model for a panel data set of 16 OECD countries from 1990 to 2001. The results show that the accumulation of VC is a significant factor contributing directly to Multi-Factor Productivity (MFP) growth. The social rate of return to VC is significantly higher than the social rate of return to business or public R&D. VC has also an indirect impact on MFP in the sense that it improves the output elasticity of R&D. An increased VC intensity makes it easier to absorb the knowledge generated by universities and firms, and therefore improves aggregate economic performance.

Technological Opportunity, Entrepreneurial Environment and Venture Capital Development

The objective of this chapter is to identify the main determinants of venture capital. We develop a theoretical model where three main types of factors affect the demand and supply of VC: macroeconomic conditions, technological opportunity, and the entrepreneurial environment. The model is evaluated with a panel dataset of 16 OECD countries over the period 1990-2000. The estimates show that VC intensity is pro-cyclical - it reacts positively and significantly to GDP growth. Interest rates affect the VC intensity mainly because the entrepreneurs create a demand for this type of funding. Indicators of technological opportunity such as the stock of knowledge and the number of triadic patents affect positively and significantly the relative level of VC. Labour market rigidities reduce the impact of the GDP growth rate and of the stock of knowledge, whereas a minimum level of entrepreneurship is required in order to have a positive effect of the available stock of knowledge on VC intensity.

PART 2: TECHNOLOGY-BASED SMALL FIRMS

Survey in Belgium

The first purpose of this chapter is to present the existing literature on the performance of companies. In order to get a quantitative insight into the entrepreneurial growth process, an original survey of TBSF in Belgium was launched in 2002. The second purpose is to describe the methodology of our national TBSF survey. This survey has two main merits. The first one lies in the quality of the information. Indeed, most of national and international surveys have been developed at firm-level. There exist only a few surveys at founder-level. In the TBSF database, information both at firm and at entrepreneur-level will be found.

The second merit is about the subject covered. TBSF survey tackles the financing of firms (availability of public funds, role of venture capitalists, availability of business angels,…), the framework conditions (e.g. the quality and availability of infrastructures and communication channels, the level of academic and public research, the patenting process,…) and, finally, the socio-cultural factors associated with the entrepreneurs and their environment (e.g. level of education, their parents’education, gender,…).

Statistical Evidence

The main characteristics of companies in our sample are that employment and profits net of taxation do not follow the same trend. Indeed, employment may decrease while results after taxes may stay constant. Only a few companies enjoy a growth in both employment and results after taxes between 1998 and 2003.

On the financing front, our findings suggest that internal finance in the form of personal funds, as well as the funds of family and friends are the primary source of capital to start-up a high-tech company in Belgium. Entrepreneurs rely on their own personal savings in 84 percent of the cases. Commercial bank loans are the secondary source of finance. This part of external financing (debt-finance) exceeds the combined angel funds and venture capital funds (equity-finance).

On the entrepreneur front, the preliminary results show that 80 percent of entrepreneurs in this study have a university degree while 42 percent hold postgraduate degrees (i.e. master’s, and doctorate). In term of research activities, 88 percent of the entrepreneurs holding a Ph.D. or a post-doctorate collaborate with Belgian higher education institutes. Moreover, more than 90 percent of these entrepreneurs are working in a university spin-off.

The Contribution of Universities to Employment Growth

The objective of this chapter is to test whether universities play a role amongst the determinants of employment growth in Belgian TBSF. The empirical model is based on our original survey of 87 Belgian TBSF. The results suggest that both academic spin-offs and TBSF created on the basis of an idea originating from business R&D activities are associated with an above than average growth in employees. As most ‘high-tech’ entrepreneurs are at least graduated from universities, there is no significant impact of the level of education. Nevertheless, these results must be taken with caution, as they are highly sensitive to the presence of outliers. Young high-tech firms are by definition highly volatile, and might be therefore difficult to understand.

CONCLUSION

In this last chapter, recommendations for policy-makers are drawn from the results of the thesis. The possible interventions of governments are classified according to whether they influence the demand or the supply of entrepreneurship and/or VC. We present some possible actions such as direct intervention in the VC funds, interventions of public sector through labour market rigidities, pension system, patent and research policy, level of entrepreneurial activities, bankruptcy legislation, entrepreneurial education, development of university spin-offs, and creation of a national database of TBSF.


Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Rahman, Atiqur. "Technological progress and technology acquisition : models with and without rivalry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0030/NQ64654.pdf.

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Glazyrina, Anna. "Contribution of Public Investments and Innovations to Total Factor Productivity." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29848.

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This study examines the importance of public research and development (R&D) expenditures and innovations (prices) to U S agricultural productivity employing panel vector error correction econometric technique Specifically, time-series and panel unit root tests, panel cointegration procedures, panel causality tests, and vector error correction model are used in the analysis. Empirical application to U S state-level data for 1960-2004 suggests positive and statistically significant influence of both supply-side drivers, in the form of public R&D expenditures, and demand-side drivers, in the form of innovations (prices), on total factor productivity growth.
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Li, Yang. "Models and applications of wireless networks in rural environments." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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With the unprecedented growth of the communication industry that the world is experiencing, the demand from rural inhabitants for high quality communications at an economically affordable cost is growing. However, rural areas are rather restricted from deploying communication services due to the rough natural environment, and the shortage of rudimentary communication facilities and technical personnel. Appropriate models for building rural wireless networks and a concomitant simulation environment are, therefore, expected to enable the construction of technologically-optimal and economically-efficient networks in specified rural areas.

The research has set up two independent models, one for the economic need and the other for the technical need of building networks in rural areas. One model was the Impact of Telecommunications Model, which disclosed the importance of building a wireless network in specified rural areas by choosing an economic parameter to forecast the profitability of the network. The other was the Service Model, which collected primitive data from given rural areas and abstracted these data by flowing them through four technical layers to form the predicted technical wireless network. Both of the models had been applied to real-world cases to demonstrate how to use them.

A simulation environment was finally designed and implemented to realize the above two models for the sake of instantiation. This environment could simulate the specified rural network by constructing a wireless network on the invented areas and evaluating its quality and economic efficiency. It was written in Scilab simulation language, which was an open source.
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Van, Zyl Hillet. "Innovation models and the front-end of product innovation." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1280.

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Furtado, Ilka Midori Toyomoto. "Proposta de um processo de análise para caracterizar a inovação e seus diferentes tipos." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/448.

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O tema inovação vem sendo cada vez mais difundido e disseminado globalmente, o que por um lado é benéfico quanto à sua popularização e desmistificação, por outro lado corre o risco de se tornar uma referência retórica e superficial. Diante desse cenário, várias definições surgem e o conceito de inovação ultrapassa a barreira puramente tecnológica de produtos e processos para agregar questões de marketing e organizacionais. Contudo, os órgãos de fomento à inovação ainda sentem dificuldade na identificação do que é ou não inovação. Isso se dá pela falta de processos estruturados de análise que possibilitem maior segurança na avaliação de projetos ou propostas que envolvam oportunidades de inovação. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo propor um processo de análise para apoiar à caracterização de uma potencial inovação, identificando se ela é uma oportunidade de inovação e de que tipo.Trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada de caráter exploratório. Como método foi utilizado a pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, como técnica a testagem com 15 especialistas no tema, com abordagem prioritariamente qualitativa. Entre os resultados principais podem ser citados a proposta de processo de análise para apoio à caracterização da inovação e distinção de seus tipos composto por três blocos para análise, e a contribuição para definição do tipo de inovação em áreas de fronteira. Entretanto, observou-se ainda uma dificuldade de convergência, mesmo entre especialistas, para alguns casos avaliados, o que abre uma oportunidade para novas pesquisas no tema.
The innovation theme is becoming more widespread and disseminated globally, which in one hand is beneficial for their popularization and demystification, but on another hand runs the risk of becoming a rhetoric and superficial reference. On this given scenario, several definitions arise and the innovation concept goes beyond the purely technological barrier products and processes to aggregate marketing and some others organizational aspects. However, innovation promotion agencies still have issues on identify what is or is not innovation. That can be explained due to the lack of structured processes of analysis that enable safer proposals or projects evaluation involving innovation opportunities. On that context, the present work has as main objective to propose an analysis process to give support to a potential innovation characterization, identifying whether it is an innovation opportunity and at which typology it mainly fits. This is an applied and exploratory research. The used method was literature research and field testing as a technique with 15 experts on the subject, with primarily qualitative approach. Among the main results can be cited the analysis proposal process to sustain the innovation characterization and distinction of its typology, comprising three analysis blocks; and the contribution to define the innovation type in frontier areas. However, there was still identified a convergence difficulties, even among experts, for some cases evaluated, which opens an opportunity for further research on the topic. These cases are also described on this present work.
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Books on the topic "Econometric models – Technological innovations"

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Puga, Diego. Wake up and smell the ginseng: The rise of incremental innovation in low-wage countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Nadiri, M. Ishaq. Innovations and technological spillovers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993.

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Huang, Haizhou. Institutions, innovations, and growth. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Monetary and Exchange Affairs Department, 1999.

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Das Innovationsverhalten von Unternehmen: Eine ökonometrische Untersuchung für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1995.

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Acemoglu, Daron. When does labor scarcity encourage innovation? Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2009.

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Comin, Diego. An exploration of technology diffusion. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Comin, Diego. Five facts you need to know about technology diffusion. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Comin, Diego. An exploration of technology diffusion. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Austria, Myrna S. Exports, technological progress, and growth: The use of panel data. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Economics Division, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1992.

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Bartel, Ann. Technological change and wages: An inter-industry analysis. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Econometric models – Technological innovations"

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Ziegler, Andreas. "Disentangling Technological Innovations: A Micro-Econometric Analysis of their Determinants." In New Developments in Eco-Innovation Research, 123–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93019-0_6.

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Bilquis, Suha, Afaf Akhter, and Ayesha Farooq. "Technological Drivers and Entrepreneurship Challenges of the Manufacturing Sector in Industry 4.0." In Entrepreneurial Innovations, Models, and Implementation Strategies for Industry 4.0, 151–74. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003217084-9.

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Carlopio, James. "Strategic Knowledge and Awareness: New Business Models and Emerging Workplace and Technological Innovations." In Changing Gears, 3–20. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230596016_1.

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Copani, Giacomo, Maryam Mirpourian, Nikoletta Trivyza, Athanasios Rentizelas, Winifred Ijomah, Sarah Oswald, and Stefan Siegl. "New Business Models and Logistical Considerations for Composites Re-use." In Systemic Circular Economy Solutions for Fiber Reinforced Composites, 385–415. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22352-5_19.

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AbstractThe growing use of composites in various industries such as aerospace, automotive and wind turbine has increased environmental concerns regarding their waste disposal methods. Deploying circular economy practices to reuse composites could play a crucial role in the future. In this regard, this chapter addresses the development and implementation of new business models for composites re-use, as fundamental enabler for the industrial exploitation and diffusion of technological and methodological innovations developed in the FiberEUse project. Seven products were chosen as representatives for composites reuse application in four industrial sectors: sanitary, sports equipment, furniture and automotive. Re-use business models are presented describing their value proposition, with particular reference to the provision of advanced product-service bundles, the revenue models (including schemes such as leasing), as well as new supply chain configurations entailing new partnership between producers and recyclers to access post-use composites to re-use. Given the importance of reverse supply networks, the potential reverse logistics pathways for mechanical recycling of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP), thermal recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) and remanufacturing of CF composites waste in Europe for 2020 and 2050 have been investigated. We concluded that the optimal reverse logistics network needs to be decentralized in more than one country in Europe. Therefore, it is suggested that policy makers address regulation to allow the transportation of waste between European countries to facilitate the development of recycling networks for composites reuse.
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Mondaini, Gianluigi, and Marco Rosciani. "Adaptive Environments. New Spaces for Learning." In Makers at School, Educational Robotics and Innovative Learning Environments, 367–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77040-2_49.

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AbstractThe architecture of schools can no longer be as rigid as it has been in the past. It needs to be spatially open, stimulating and, through its physical qualities, able to react and adapt to those who live and work there to use it as an active educational tool. However, architecture by itself is not enough to define new spatial models for education or for our society and its ever more complex problems. Thus, a plurality of forms of disciplinary participation is necessary. Pedagogy, with its close relationship with architecture, and technology, with the innovations it brings to teaching methods, are also involved. The dynamism in communication processes and educational practices that arises from new technologies demands a review of how school environments are organized, along with flexible, multifunctional and adaptable solutions for them. The most interesting models are those in which the conventional classroom “breaks down” physically, in favor of open-space learning environments, and flexible spaces. Such layouts help promote skills acquisition, thanks to the synergy between the technological elements and the physical qualities of the spaces that make learning more engaging.
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Alho, André Romano, Takanori Sakai, Fang Zhao, Linlin You, Peiyu Jing, Lynette Cheah, Christopher Zegras, and Moshe Ben-Akiva. "Laboratories for Research on Freight Systems and Planning." In Urban Informatics, 171–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_12.

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AbstractAdvancements in information and communication technologies (ICT) and the advent of novel mobility solutions have brought about drastic changes in the urban mobility environment. Pervasive ICT devices acquire new sources of data that can inform detailed transportation simulation models, and are useful in analyzing new policies and technologies. In this context, we developed software laboratories that leverage the latest technological developments and enhance freight research. Future mobility sensing (FMS) is a data-collection platform that integrates tracking devices and mobile apps, a backend with machine-learning technologies and user interfaces to deliver highly accurate and detailed mobility data. The second platform, SimMobility, is an open-source, agent-based urban simulation platform which replicates urban passenger and goods movements in a fully disaggregated manner. The two platforms have been used jointly to advance the state of the art in behavioral modeling for passenger and goods movements. In this chapter, we review recent developments in freight-transportation data-collection techniques, including contributions to transportation modeling, and state-of-the-art transportation models. We then introduce FMS and SimMobility and demonstrate a coordinated application using three examples. Lastly, we highlight potential innovations and future challenges in these research domains.
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Kledal, Paul Rye, Bettina König, and Daniel Matulić. "Aquaponics: The Ugly Duckling in Organic Regulation." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 487–500. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_19.

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AbstractDue to the cyclic or systemic nature of both aquaponics and organic production, organic certification appears to be a natural step for a researcher, system designer or commercial-oriented aquaponics producer to engage in. However, the underlying principles and justifications of aquaponics and organic production differ considerably between respectively a technological- and a soil-based understanding of nutrient cycles and long-term sustainability in food production. These principles are confirmed in both the organic regulation regime of the EU and USA, and presently leave the question ambiguously open as to whether aquaponics as a food production system can be recognized and certified as organic. Despite an openness in the organic regulation for new knowledge, adaptations and innovations, the organic sector itself has shown a reluctance to recognize more knowledge-based intensive speciality crops and technologies. This is particularly difficult with respect to small organic sub-sectors such as horticulture and aquaculture production. Both are very specific subsystems of the agricultural sector, where aquaponics potentially would belong at the intersection between organic greenhouse horticulture and organic aquaculture. Organically certified aquaponics would therefore need to establish a niche within the organic sector. So in order to move forward, there is a great need for a more serious but open-minded exchange and discussion among the aquaponics and organic sub-sectors themselves to explore the potential but also limitations of their respective production models. However, between the two food production systems, there should be room for debate with a view to finding new and feasible roles for aquaponics in the organic community.
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"Models of Technological Innovations." In Encyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies, 1208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10576-1_300452.

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van Velsen, J. L., and R. Choenni. "On the Mining of Cointegrated Econometric Models." In Dynamic and Advanced Data Mining for Progressing Technological Development, 122–35. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-908-3.ch007.

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The authors describe a process of extracting a cointegrated model from a database. An important part of the process is a model generator that automatically searches for cointegrated models and orders them according to an information criterion. They build and test a non-heuristic model generator that mines for common factor models, a special kind of cointegrated models. An outlook on potential future developments is given.
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Muga, Helen E., and Ken D. Thomas. "Diffusion and Adoption of Innovations for Sustainability." In Technological, Managerial and Organizational Core Competencies, 73–88. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-165-8.ch005.

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The primary focus of this chapter is on the theory and concepts of sustainability and why they are important to innovation and vice-versa. Key reductionist approaches to assessing sustainability such life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle cost analysis (LCCA), and sustainability indicators are discussed in detail and applied to an engineering infrastructure scenario. The integrated sustainability methods of life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis enable a business to assess alternative products or processes at the planning and design stages. They may also be used during the production stages to assess whether a business needs to use a different raw material to make their products. The role of management, social network analysis, and mental models of individuals in the diffusion and adoption of innovations are also explored.
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Conference papers on the topic "Econometric models – Technological innovations"

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Han, Jie, and Zelong Li. "Research of The Effects of Ownership on Enterprises Technological Innovation based on Econometric Model." In 2020 16th Dahe Fortune China Forum and Chinese High-educational Management Annual Academic Conference (DFHMC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dfhmc52214.2020.00036.

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Gribanova, E. B., I. V. Shirenkov, and A. V. Katasonova. "Econometric models for evaluation of marketing activities` indicators of social network." In International Conference on Trends of Technologies and Innovations in Economic and Social Studies 2017. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ttiess-17.2017.39.

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Stepanova, Svetlana V., and Viktoria L. Karakchieva. "Changes in Banking Business Models Driven by Technological Innovations." In 2018 XIV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems of Electronics Instrument Engineering (APEIE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apeie.2018.8545543.

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Iesa, Mohamed A. M., Abhinandan P. Shirahatt, Harsha Sharma, Mohit Kumar Goyal, Amit Shrivastava, and Baba Vajrala. "Novel Machine Learning Ensemble Models for Active Diabetes Diagnosis." In 2021 International Conference on Technological Advancements and Innovations (ICTAI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictai53825.2021.9673166.

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Rajagopal, Vishnuvarthan, and Bhanumathi Velusamy. "Performance Evaluation of MULE and SENMA Models for Strip-Based Wireless Sensor Networks." In 2018 International Conference on Emerging Trends and Innovations In Engineering And Technological Research (ICETIETR). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetietr.2018.8529004.

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Bazhenov, Sergey, and Roman Parshikov. "Generating and printing bar codes in IRBIS64." In Sixth World Professional Forum "The Book. Culture. Education. Innovations". Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/978-5-85638-236-4-2021-14-19.

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Several technological aspects of generating and printing bar codes are examined. Options of using bar codes in libraries, bar code generation models and appropriate IRBIS applications are discussed in brief. SB RAS SPSTL has developed the new system for generating bar code batches for further literature processing. The system is generated on IRBIS64 platform. Optional use of the system is discussed; possible improvements for bar code generation system are offered.
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Domracheva, E. V., and Yu V. Lozhkin. "Features of designing a children's toy on the example of a wooden constructor." In 2022 33th All-Russian Youth Exhibition of Innovations. Publishing House of Kalashnikov ISTU, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/ie022116.

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The purpose of the study is to determine the features and nuances of designing a children's toy using the example of a wooden constructor. The article discusses the role of toys in the life of a child, and in particular a children's wooden constructor. The characteristic features of the existing models of the wooden constructor, the material for the manufacture of toys, as well as ergonomic, environmental, technological and aesthetic requirements are highlighted and described. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of the project of a children's wooden constructor - the "Falling" tower "Arbol". As a result, the optimal requirements for the children's designer are analyzed and highlighted, additional functions of the toy are developed, which give it uniqueness and advantage over existing analogues. Connections, color, shape of parts, material for manufacturing, protective and decorative coating are selected and justified. A variant of the designer packaging has been developed.
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Urasova, A. A., L. V. Glezman, and E. V. Shcheglov. "Structural aspects of modeling the development of machine-building production in the industry of the region in the context of new industrialization." In IV International Scientific Conference MIP: Engineering-IV-2022: Modernization, Innovations, Progress: Advanced Technologies in Material Science, Mechanical and Automation Engineering. Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/mip.4.2022.4.48-56.

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The article reveals the provisions postulating mandatory accounting and regularity of observations in structural changes in industries, as well as industrial complexes. The developments in this regard are intended to become a new tool for predicting technological dominants in the development of the regions of the Russian Federation. Using individual indicators and indicators of the spatial and sectoral development of industries and complexes in conjunction with the methods of coefficient analysis, the authors tried to build structural models of machine-building production in a particular region, which interpret the trends of technological changes in the conditions of new industrialization. The authors focused on development trends in industrial production, since it is these industries and sectors that become the basis for the use of end-to-end technologies. In this context, the paper postulates the thesis of regular observations and monitoring of structural indicators in the basic sectoral directions of the region's development in order to develop new measures to overcome the technological backwardness of the Russian industry.
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van Bruinessen, Ties, Hans Hopman, and Frido Smulders. "Towards a Different View on Ship Design: The Development of Ships Observed Through a Social-Technological Perspective." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11585.

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Designing large, innovative ships is a complex assignment and an interesting one for every company: Ship designers are capable of supporting the client’s requests and deliver a design quicker than any other related industry involved in the design of complex objects. However, at the same time it is felt that the industry could improve their innovative output by applying a more focused method to design these innovative and complex ships. Existing methods either mitigate the complex relations between systems of a ship, or concentrate on the design of a single object. The design models evaluated in this paper, amongst others, the design spiral and system engineering, do not describe these important aspects of the ship-design cycle: To evolve beyond the current innovations, current design models do not suffice. The model presented in this paper takes the complex relations through different levels of decomposition into account and presents the possibility to track and support change during the design process. In future research, the model will be applied and developed further towards approaches and tools to support innovative design.
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Koenders, E. A. B., and E. Dado. "A Virtual Lab for Composite Materials." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59505.

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The development of a Virtual Lab for model composite materials in general and concrete in particular, is the main issue that is discussed in this paper. The contribution to the stimulation interactive research and development for technological innovations paves the way for exploitation of a Virtual Lab that facillitates the interactive development and integration of so-called multi-aspect models. The reason why concrete is considered as a multi-aspect material will be discussed with emphasis on the various levels of detail at which this material can be modelled. The complexity of the processes that are active at each of the particular levels originates the need for un-structuring commonly applied simulation models into Detailed Models controlled by a central Core Model. It establishes a sound basis for the development of a Virtual Modelling Laboratory (VML) In this paper, the focus will successfully be on concrete as a multi-aspect material, followed by the approach towards model integration. For this, the enabling ICT technologies will be discussed in detail. The paper ends with an overview on how innovations will benefit from the development of the VML as proposed abstract text here.
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Reports on the topic "Econometric models – Technological innovations"

1

Bravo-Ureta, Boris E., Eric Njuki, Ana Claudia Palacios, and Lina Salazar. Agricultural Productivity in El Salvador: A Preliminary Analysis. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004020.

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The need to enhance food security while reducing poverty along with the growing threat imposed by climate change clearly reveal that it is imperative to accelerate agricultural productivity growth. This paper estimates micro-level production models to identify the major factors that have contributed to productivity growth in El Salvador, including irrigation, purchased inputs, mechanization, technical assistance, and farm size, among others. The econometric framework adopted in this investigation is grounded on recent panel data stochastic production frontier methodologies. The results obtained from the estimation of these models are used to calculate Total Factor Productivity (TFP) change and to decompose such change into different factors, including technological progress, technical efficiency (TE), and economies of scale. The findings imply that efforts are needed to improve productivity in both technological progress and technical efficiency where the latter is a measurement of managerial performance. This in turn indicates that resources should be devoted to promoting the adoption and diffusion of improved technologies while enhancing managerial capabilities through agricultural extension.
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