Journal articles: 'Ecology of plant nutrition'

1

Rorison, I. H., A. Lauchli, and R. L. Bieleski. "Inorganic Plant Nutrition." Journal of Ecology 73, no. 3 (November 1985): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2260174.

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2

Wilkins, D. A., N. El Bassam, M. Danbroth, and B. C. Loughman. "Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition." Journal of Applied Ecology 28, no. 2 (August 1991): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404582.

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3

Sprent, J. I., P. A. Porter, and D. W. Lawlor. "Plant Growth: Interactions with Nutrition and Environment." Journal of Applied Ecology 29, no. 2 (1992): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404531.

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4

Noordwijk, M. van, and P. de Willigen. "Quantitative root ecology as element of soil fertility theory." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 34, no. 3 (August 1, 1986): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v34i3.16781.

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Nutrient use efficiency with special reference to the soil/plant system, soil fertility theory relating to fertilizers, plant nutrition, soil properties and root ecology and aspects of quantitative root ecology are considered and an approach to modelling the relation of root ecology to soil fertility theory is outlined. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Ågren, Göran I. "Stoichiometry and Nutrition of Plant Growth in Natural Communities." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 39, no. 1 (December 2008): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173515.

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Feng, Jingyu, Zhe Huang, Yongbin Zhang, Wenjing Rui, Xihong Lei, and Zhifang Li. "Beneficial Effects of the Five Isolates of Funneliformis mosseae on the Tomato Plants Were Not Related to Their Evolutionary Distances of SSU rDNA or PT1 Sequences in the Nutrition Solution Production." Plants 10, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091948.

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The symbiosis and beneficial effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) on plants have been widely reported; however, the effects might be unascertained in tomato industry production with coconut coir due to the nutrition solution supply, or alternatively with isolate-specific. Five isolates of AM fungi were collected from soils of differing geographical origins, identified as Funneliformis mosseae and evidenced closing evolutionary distances with the covering of the small subunit (SSU) rDNA regions and Pi transporter gene (PT1) sequences. The effects of these isolates on the colonization rates, plant growth, yield, and nutrition uptake were analyzed in tomato nutrition solution production with growing seasons of spring–summer and autumn–winter. Our result indicated that with isolate-specific effects, irrespective of geographical or the SSU rDNA and PT1 sequences evolution distance, two isolates (A2 and NYN1) had the most yield benefits for plants of both growing seasons, one (E2) had weaker effects and the remaining two (A2 and T6) had varied seasonal-specific effects. Inoculation with effective isolates induced significant increases of 29.0–38.0% (isolate X5, T6) and 34.6–36.5% (isolate NYN1, T6) in the plant tissues respective nitrogen and phosphorus content; the plant biomass increased by 18.4–25.4% (isolate T6, NYN1), and yields increased by 8.8–12.0% (isolate NYN1, A2) compared with uninoculated plants. The maximum root biomass increased by 28.3% (isolate T6) and 55.1% (isolate E2) in the autumn–winter and spring–summer growing seasons, respectively. This strong effect on root biomass was even more significant in an industry culture with a small volume of substrate per plant. Our results reveal the potential benefits of using selected effective isolates as a renewable resource that can overcome the suppressing effects of sufficient nutrient availability on colonization rates, while increasing the yields of industrially produced tomatoes in nutrition solution with coconut coir.

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Shirley, Matt, Laure Avoscan, Eric Bernaud, Gérard Vansuyt, and Philippe Lemanceau. "Comparison of iron acquisition from Fe–pyoverdine by strategy I and strategy II plants." Botany 89, no. 10 (October 2011): 731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b11-054.

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Iron is an essential micronutrient for plants and associated microorganisms. However, the bioavailability of iron in cultivated soils is low. Plants and microorganisms have thus evolved active strategies of iron uptake. Two different iron uptake strategies have been described in dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous graminaceous species. In bacteria, this strategy relies on the synthesis of siderophores. Pyoverdines, a major class of siderophores produced by fluorescent pseudomonads, were previously shown to promote iron nutrition of the dicotyledonous species Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.), whereas contradictory reports were made on the contribution of those siderophores to the nutrition of graminaceous annuals. Furthermore, no information has so far been available on graminaceous perennials. Here, the contribution of purified pyoverdine of Pseudomonas fluorescens C7R12 to the iron nutrition of two annual and perennial graminaceous plants was assessed and compared with that of two dicotyledonous plant species. Fe–Pyoverdine promoted the iron status of all plant species tested. With the exception of wheat, this promotion was more dramatic in graminaceous species than in dicotyledonous species and was the highest in fescue, a perennial species. The incorporation of 15N-labeled pyoverdine was consistent with the effect on the iron status of the plants tested.

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Biswas, Margaret R. "Energy in plant nutrition and pest control." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 30, no. 1-2 (January 1990): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(90)90204-q.

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Pozo de la Hoz, Judith, Javier Rivero, Concepción Azcón-Aguilar, Miguel Urrestarazu, and María J. Pozo. "Mycorrhiza-Induced Resistance against Foliar Pathogens Is Uncoupled of Nutritional Effects under Different Light Intensities." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7060402.

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The use of microbial inoculants, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, has great potential for sustainable crop management, which aims to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. However, one of the major challenges of their use in agriculture is the variability of the inoculation effects in the field, partly because of the varying environmental conditions. Light intensity and quality affect plant growth and defense, but little is known about their impacts on the benefits of mycorrhizal symbioses. We tested the effects of five different light intensities on plant nutrition and resistance to the necrotrophic foliar pathogen Botrytis cinerea in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal lettuce plants. Our results evidence that mycorrhiza establishment is strongly influenced by light intensity, both regarding the extension of root colonization and the abundance of fungal vesicles within the roots. Light intensity also had significant effects on plant growth, nutrient content, and resistance to the pathogen. The effect of the mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant growth and nutrient content depended on the light intensity, and mycorrhiza efficiently reduced disease incidence and severity under all light intensities. Thus, mycorrhiza-induced resistance can be uncoupled from mycorrhizal effects on plant nutrition. Therefore, mycorrhizal symbioses can be beneficial by providing biotic stress protection even in the absence of nutritional or growth benefits.

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10

Bonhomme, Vincent, Isabelle Gounand, Christine Alaux, Emmanuelle Jousselin, Daniel Barthélémy, and Laurence Gaume. "The plant-ant Camponotus schmitzi helps its carnivorous host-plant Nepenthes bicalcarata to catch its prey." Journal of Tropical Ecology 27, no. 1 (December 17, 2010): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467410000532.

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Abstract:The Bornean climber, Nepenthes bicalcarata, is unique among plants because it is both carnivorous and myrmecophytic, bearing pitcher-shaped leaves and the ant Camponotus schmitzi within tendrils. We explored, in the peat swamp forests of Brunei, the hypothesis that these ants contribute to plant nutrition by catching and digesting its prey. We first tested whether ants increased plant's capture rate. We found that unlike most plant-ants, C. schmitzi do not exhibit dissuasive leaf-patrolling behaviour (zero patrol on 67 pitchers of 10 plants) but lie concealed under pitcher rim (13 ± 6 ants per pitcher) allowing numerous insect visits. However, 47 out of 50 individuals of the largest visitor dropped into the pitchers of five plants were attacked by ants and the capture rate of the same pitchers deprived of their ambush hunting ants decreased three-fold. We then tested whether ants participated in plant's digestion. We showed in a 15-d long experiment that ants fed on prey and returned it in pieces in seven out of eight pitchers. The 40 prey deposited in ant-deprived pitchers remained intact indicating a weak digestive power of the fluid confirmed to be only weakly acidic (pH ~5, n = 67). The analysis of 10 pitcher contents revealed that prey, mainly ants and termites, was very numerous (~400 per pitcher per plant) and highly fragmented. Altogether, these data suggest a positive effect of C. schmitzi on both prey intake and breakdown. This ant–plant interaction could thus be a nutritional mutualism involving the unusual association of carnivory and myrmecotrophy.

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11

Lee, Mark A., Grace Burger, Emma R. Green, and Pepijn W. Kooij. "Relationships between resource availability and elevation vary between metrics creating gradients of nutritional complexity." Oecologia 195, no. 1 (January 2021): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04824-4.

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AbstractPlant and animal community composition changes at higher elevations on mountains. Plant and animal species richness generally declines with elevation, but the shape of the relationship differs between taxa. There are several proposed mechanisms, including the productivity hypotheses; that declines in available plant biomass confers fewer resources to consumers, thus supporting fewer species. We investigated resource availability as we ascended three aspects of Helvellyn mountain, UK, measuring several plant nutritive metrics, plant species richness and biomass. We observed a linear decline in plant species richness as we ascended the mountain but there was a unimodal relationship between plant biomass and elevation. Generally, the highest biomass values at mid-elevations were associated with the lowest nutritive values, except mineral contents which declined with elevation. Intra-specific and inter-specific increases in nutritive values nearer the top and bottom of the mountain indicated that physiological, phenological and compositional mechanisms may have played a role. The shape of the relationship between resource availability and elevation was different depending on the metric. Many consumers actively select or avoid plants based on their nutritive values and the abundances of consumer taxa vary in their relationships with elevation. Consideration of multiple nutritive metrics and of the nutritional requirements of the consumer may provide a greater understanding of changes to plant and animal communities at higher elevations. We propose a novel hypothesis for explaining elevational diversity gradients, which warrants further study; the ‘nutritional complexity hypothesis’, where consumer species coexist due to greater variation in the nutritional chemistry of plants.

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Nieva, Amira Susana, Fernando Matías Romero, Alexander Erban, Pedro Carrasco, Oscar Adolfo Ruiz, and Joachim Kopka. "Metabolic Profiling and Metabolite Correlation Network Analysis Reveal That Fusarium solani Induces Differential Metabolic Responses in Lotus japonicus and Lotus tenuis against Severe Phosphate Starvation." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7090765.

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Root fungal endophytes are essential mediators of plant nutrition under mild stress conditions. However, variations in the rhizosphere environment, such as nutrient depletion, could result in a stressful situation for both partners, shifting mutualistic to nonconvenient interactions. Mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes (DSEs) have demonstrated their ability to facilitate phosphate (Pi) acquisition. However, few studies have investigated other plant–fungal interactions that take place in the root environment with regard to phosphate nutrition. In the present research work, we aimed to analyze the effect of extreme Pi starvation and the fungal endophyte Fusarium solani on the model Lotus japonicus and the crop L. tenuis. We conducted metabolomics analysis based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on plant tissues under optimal conditions, severe Pi starvation and F.solani presence. By combining statistical and correlation network analysis strategies, we demonstrated the differential outcomes of the two plant species against the combination of treatments. The combination of nutritional stress and Fusarium presence activated significant modifications in the metabolism of L. japonicus affecting the levels of sugars, polyols and some amino acids. Our results display potential markers for further inspection of the factors related to plant nutrition and plant–fungal interactions.

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13

Fitzpatrick, Connor R., Julia Copeland, Pauline W. Wang, David S. Guttman, Peter M. Kotanen, and Marc T. J. Johnson. "Assembly and ecological function of the root microbiome across angiosperm plant species." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 6 (January 22, 2018): E1157—E1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717617115.

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Across plants and animals, host-associated microbial communities play fundamental roles in host nutrition, development, and immunity. The factors that shape host–microbiome interactions are poorly understood, yet essential for understanding the evolution and ecology of these symbioses. Plant roots assemble two distinct microbial compartments from surrounding soil: the rhizosphere (microbes surrounding roots) and the endosphere (microbes within roots). Root-associated microbes were key for the evolution of land plants and underlie fundamental ecosystem processes. However, it is largely unknown how plant evolution has shaped root microbial communities, and in turn, how these microbes affect plant ecology, such as the ability to mitigate biotic and abiotic stressors. Here we show that variation among 30 angiosperm species, which have diverged for up to 140 million years, affects root bacterial diversity and composition. Greater similarity in root microbiomes between hosts leads to negative effects on plant performance through soil feedback, with specific microbial taxa in the endosphere and rhizosphere potentially affecting competitive interactions among plant species. Drought also shifts the composition of root microbiomes, most notably by increasing the relative abundance of the Actinobacteria. However, this drought response varies across host plant species, and host-specific changes in the relative abundance of endosphereStreptomycesare associated with host drought tolerance. Our results emphasize the causes of variation in root microbiomes and their ecological importance for plant performance in response to biotic and abiotic stressors.

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14

Romero, Gustavo Q., Paulo Mazzafera, João Vasconcellos-Neto, and Paulo C. O. Trivelin. "BROMELIAD-LIVING SPIDERS IMPROVE HOST PLANT NUTRITION AND GROWTH." Ecology 87, no. 4 (April 2006): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[803:bsihpn]2.0.co;2.

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15

Martin, M. H., and H. Marschner. "The Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants." Journal of Ecology 76, no. 4 (December 1988): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2260650.

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16

Rorison, I. H., Y. Chen, and Y. Hadar. "Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants." Journal of Ecology 80, no. 4 (December 1992): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2260873.

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17

Wallace, IM, B. Dell, and JF Loneragan. "Zinc Nutrition of Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Smith) Seedlings." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 1 (1986): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860041.

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The relationships of seven levels of zinc supply to dry matter and zinc concentration were assessed for jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Smith) seedlings grown for 84 days in a zinc-deficient sand in the glasshouse. Zinc deficiency symptoms appeared within 28 days of sowing as a change in leaf colour of young leaves from green to bronze. Later, red areas developed and these became necrotic in severe cases. These symptoms were accompanied by decreased shoot and root dry weights. Zinc concentrations in various plant parts were low and, with the exception of the shoot apex, showed little response to zinc supply. Concentrations at the shoot apex varied from 3�g/g in deficient plants to 12�g/g in plants with adequate zinc supply. We suggest that of the plant parts analysed, the shoot apex is the only one which may be useful in defining zinc status of jarrah seedlings. Critical zinc concentration for this tissue was between 10 and 12 �g/g dry matter. Phosphorus concentrations in all plant parts, except the shoot apex, increased to very high levels with increasing zinc deficiency. It is suggested that some zinc deficiency symptoms of jarrah seedlings, e.g. necrosis, may have resulted from phosphorus accumulation due to zinc deficiency.

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18

Stein, D. S., D. M. Debinski, J. M. Pleasants, and A. L. Toth. "Evaluating Native Bee Communities and Nutrition in Managed Grasslands." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa009.

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Abstract Native pollinators are important for providing vital services in agroecosystems; however, their numbers are declining globally. Bees are the most efficient and diverse members of the pollinator community; therefore, it is imperative that management strategies be implemented that positively affect bee community composition and health. Here, we test responses of the bee and flowering plant communities to land management treatments in the context of grasslands in the upper Midwestern United States, a critical area with respect to bee declines. Twelve sites were selected to examine floral resources and wild bee communities based on three different types of grasslands: tallgrass prairie remnants, ungrazed restorations, and grazed restorations. Total bee abundance was significantly higher in ungrazed restorations than remnants, but there were no significant differences among grasslands in community composition or Shannon diversity. Across the three grassland types we also examined mass and lipid stores as nutritional health indicators in three sweat bees (Halictidae), Augochlora pura, Agapostemon virescens, and Halictus ligatus. Although there were no differences in lipid content, total average bee mass was significantly higher in Ag. virescens collected from ungrazed restorations as compared to remnants. Floral abundance of native and non-native species combined was significantly higher in grazed restorations compared to remnants and ungrazed restorations. However, ungrazed restorations had higher abundance and richness of native flowering ramets. These data suggest that bee abundance and nutrition are driven by high abundance of native flowering plant species, rather than total flowering plants.

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19

Kadioglu, Zakine, Kemal Cukadar, Nalan Nazan Kalkan, Huseyin Vurgun, and Ozkan Kaya. "Wild edible plant species used in the Ağrı province, eastern Turkey." Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 77, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): e098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2554.

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Wild edible plant species found in Ağrı are nutritionally and economically relevant. Plants are collected by the villagers and brought to the market for sale in the spring. Interest in these plants responds to the increasing demand for organic and natural food. In this study, 350 in-depth face-to-face interviews with villagers about the edible plants used in Ağrı (7 districts, 35 villages) were conducted in the region from April 2016 to October 2017. The species, parts used and their consumption and preservation techniques were analyzed and documented. Some of the wild edible plant species are consumed cured or canned, raw or cooked, dried, and some are frozen. The collected 100 wild edible species belong to 25 different plant families. Species are consumed as vegetables (91), spices (19), beverages (16), subterranean parts (5), fruits (3), seeds (3) and exudates (2). The most important species according to their cultural importance were: Amaranthus retroflexus, Beta trigyna, Gundelia tournefortii, Mentha longifolia, Polygonum persicaria, Rumex scutatus, Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. longirostris, and Urtica dioica. Leaves and young shoots were the most frequently used parts. Our study shows that wild edible plants are still well known and used by the local people of Ağrı as a food source. The documented data on these plants herein could be used as baseline information for further investigations on nutritional contents, as they could have the potential to become valuable nutrition sources.

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20

Johnson Gottesfeld, Leslie M. "The role of plant foods in traditional Wet'suwet'en nutrition." Ecology of Food and Nutrition 34, no. 2 (October 1995): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03670244.1995.9991456.

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21

Conroy, JP. "Influence of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations on Plant Nutrition." Australian Journal of Botany 40, no. 5 (1992): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9920445.

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The rising levels of atmospheric CO2 are likely to increase biomass production of C3 species in both natural and managed ecosystems because photosynthetic rates will be higher. The greatest absolute increase in productivity will occur when nitrogen and phosphorus availability in the soil is high. Low nitrogen does not preclude a growth response to high CO2, whereas some C3 species fail to respond to high CO2 when phosphorus is low, possibly because insufficient phosphorus is available to maintain maximum photosynthetic activity at high CO2. C3 plants response to high CO2 because the flux of carbon through the photoreductive cycle is increased and photorespiration is suppressed. This change in metabolism appears to alter the foliar nutrient concentration required to promote maximum productivity (critical concentration). Higher phosphorus concentrations are needed at elevated CO2, whereas the nitrogen requirement is reduced by CO2 enrichment. Since critical concentrations are used to evaluate nutrient status of crop and forest species and to manage fertiliser programs, they will need reassessing as the atmospheric CO2 concentration rises. Another consequence of the altered nutrient requirement at high CO2 is that the nitrogen concentrations of foliage, roots and grain are consistently lower in plants grown at elevated CO2, irrespective of availability of nitrogen in the soil. In natural ecosystems, the lower nitrogen to carbon ratio of the litter may alter rates of nutrient cycling. For farmers, the rising CO2 concentrations could cause reductions in grain nitrogen, and therefore protein content. This could have important implications for baking quality of hard wheats as well as affecting the nutrient value of grain such as rice.

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22

MOORE, BEN. "Why Does the World Stay Green? Nutrition and Survival of Plant-Eaters." Austral Ecology 31, no. 8 (December 2006): 1027–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01688.x.

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23

Lawrey, James D. "The chemical ecology of lichen mycoparasites: a review." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (December 31, 1995): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-301.

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Lichenicolous fungi colonize lichens to form a variety of biotrophic associations, and while some 300 genera and 1000 species have been recognized, almost nothing is known about their biology. The lichenicolous habit is an unusual one because lichens produce a variety of antibiotic secondary metabolites that are assumed to protect them from parasitic attack. This may explain why lichens are rarely parasitized in nature while nonlichen-forming Ascomycetes are frequently and extensively parasitized. Recent field and laboratory studies of lichen parasites from a number of fungal groups indicate that chemistry is indeed involved in these interactions. These results indicate that (i) lichenicolous taxa are better able to degrade lichens than related nonlichenicolous taxa, (ii) lichen parasites are generally tolerant of lichen secondary metabolites, (iii) this tolerance seems to be based in part on the ability of cell wall degrading enzymes of parasites to remain active in the presence of these lichen secondary metabolites, and (iv) the host preferences of some lichen parasites reflect these tolerances. Therefore, it appears likely that lichenicolous fungi, which have presumably had lengthy coevolutionary histories with lichens, have evolved a unique mode of nutrition that is based in part on an ability to tolerate lichen defense compounds. Key words: Hobsonia, lichens, lichenicolous fungi, Nectria, parasites.

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Holm, AM, and RJ Allen. "Seasonal changes in the nutritive value of grass species in Spinifex pastures of Western Australia." Rangeland Journal 10, no. 1 (1988): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9880060.

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This study was undertaken to assess whether the nutritional quality of spinifex pasture lands is improved by buming to promote the growth of grasses other than spinifex. We selected two comparable sites in the Exmouth Gulf region of Western Australia; one had been bumt in late 1979 and the other had not been burnt for many years. On these sites we sampled the five grass species present, as well as Triodia pungens (soft spinifex) and Plectrachne >chinzii (Oat eared spinifex) on 10 occasions from March 1980 to April 1982. Plant parts were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur content, and in vitro digestibility. None of the common grass species tested was more nutritious or more palatable than soft spinifex. It seems that little is gained from manipulating spinifex pastures through burning if the aim is to encourage alternative grass species. There is a need however for further studies into the importance of woody herbs and forbs in the nutrition of grazing animals on spinifex country and the effect of fire on these species.

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Booth, D. Terrance. "Seedbed Ecology of Winterfat: Effects of Mother-Plant Transpiration, Wind Stress, and Nutrition on Seedling Vigor." Journal of Range Management 43, no. 1 (January 1990): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3899113.

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Conroy, JP. "Corrigendum - Influence of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations on Plant Nutrition." Australian Journal of Botany 40, no. 5 (1992): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9920445c.

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27

Yao, Xixi, Jianping Wu, and Xuyin Gong. "Precipitation and seasonality affect grazing impacts on herbage nutritive values in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau." Journal of Plant Ecology 12, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 993–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtz027.

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AbstractAimsGrasslands used for animal husbandry are chosen depending on the nutritive values of dominant herbage species. However, the influence of grazing in combination with precipitation and growing season on the nutritive values of dominant species has not been explicated.MethodsTo unveil the influence of the different grazing intensities on the nutritional values, an ecological study was formulated, namely fencing (G0), light grazing (G1), moderate grazing (G2) and high grazing (G3). This ambitious study was undertaken on the nutritive values of the four dominant species of herbage in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) during growing season (June–September) for two successive years, namely 2015 (rainy year) and 2016 (droughty year).Important FindingsWe found that (i) the nutritive value of Kobresia capillifolia, Polygonum viviparum and Caragana sinica was noticeably increased by grazing, but negligible effect on Potentilla fruticosa nutritive value was recorded. (ii) During the rainy year (2015), compared with G0, Polygonum viviparum and Potentilla fruticosa displayed 5.4 and 1.5% increases in the crude protein (CP) content and 8.5 and 2.4% increases in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), respectively, while the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) decreased by 13.5 and 0.9%, respectively. During the droughty year (2016), compared with G0, C. sinica and Potentilla fruticosa showed increases in the CP content by 4.3 and 1.3% and increases in the IVTD by 10.7 and 0.4%, respectively, during G3, while the NDF decreased by 6.0 and 1.0%, respectively. (iii) The nutritive values of all species were higher in the years when the rains were good. However, the nutritive values suffered heavily during drought conditions. Besides, the highest and lowest values of nutrition were detected in June and in September, respectively. The inter-seasonal and the inter-annual changes in the nutritional values of species were higher for K. capillifolia and Polygonum viviparum than for Potentilla fruticosa and C. sinica, suggesting that Potentilla fruticosa and C. sinica had higher water-use efficiency. (iv) Grazing clearly reduced the drought tolerance of three species and showed no effects on Potentilla fruticosa. (v) Grazing clearly increased the inter-month variation in the nutritional value of K. capillifolia and Polygonum viviparum but showed no effects on Potentilla fruticosa or C. sinica. Evidently, the grazing effects impacting the nutritional value of the dominant species of herbage exhibited conspicuous inter-annual and seasonal variations with species-specific influences and responses. Our findings are expected to have far-reaching implications enabling the authorities to arrive at strategic decisions and designing of relevant policies for the efficient management of the ecosystems ensuring the speed restoration of the QTP under severe grazing and extreme climatic circumstances.

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Polley, H. Wayne, and James K. Detling. "Defoliation, Nitrofen, and Competition: Effects on Plant Growth and Nitrogen Nutrition." Ecology 70, no. 3 (June 1989): 721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1940222.

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29

Loladze, Irakli. "Rising atmospheric CO2 and human nutrition: toward globally imbalanced plant stoichiometry?" Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17, no. 10 (October 2002): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02587-9.

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30

Luthar, Zlata, Aleksandra Golob, Mateja Germ, Blanka Vombergar, and Ivan Kreft. "Tartary Buckwheat in Human Nutrition." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040700.

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Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) originates in mountain areas of western China, and it is mainly cultivated in China, Bhutan, northern India, Nepal, and central Europe. Tartary buckwheat shows greater cold resistance than common buckwheat, and has traits for drought tolerance. Buckwheat can provide health benefits due to its contents of resistant starch, mineral elements, proteins, and in particular, phenolic substances, which prevent the effects of several chronic human diseases, including hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and gallstone formation. The contents of the flavonoids rutin and quercetin are very variable among Tartary buckwheat samples from different origins and parts of the plants. Quercetin is formed after the degradation of rutin by the Tartary buckwheat enzyme rutinosidase, which mainly occurs after grain milling during mixing of the flour with water. High temperature treatments of wet Tartary buckwheat material prevent the conversion of rutin to quercetin.

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Burkey, Thomas. "368 Protein and amino acid effects on pig microbial ecology, health and nutrition." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.206.

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Abstract The gut microbiome is essential to animal health. Many factors, including both environmental (e.g. diet) and host-related (e.g. genetic background, sex, age), shape the intestinal microbiome. Pioneers in gut microbiology have stressed the critical importance of interactions among the diet, the gut microbiota, and the host on animal health and disease. Different protein types (e.g. plant-based vs. animal-based) have been shown to have differential effects on the gut microbiome. In addition, there is evidence of compartment-specific and amino acid-specific interactions that occur within the gastrointestinal tract. The result of these interactions must be considered to be essential as a variety of metabolites are produced and, for example, act as nutrients and modulators of physiologic processes. Our overarching goal is to discuss protein/amino acid effects on pig microbial ecology, health, and nutrition.

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Thompson, Henry J., Jack O. Levitt, John N. McGinley, Paulette Chandler, Patricia M. Guenther, Inge Huybrechts, and Mary C. Playdon. "Measuring Dietary Botanical Diversity as a Proxy for Phytochemical Exposure." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041295.

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The study of natural plant molecules and their medicinal properties, pharmacognosy, provides a taxonomy for botanical families that represent diverse chemical groupings with potentially distinct functions in relation to human health. Yet, this reservoir of knowledge has not been systematically applied to elucidating the role of patterns of plant food consumption on gut microbial ecology and function. All chemical classes of dietary phytochemicals can affect the composition of the microbes that colonize the gut and their function. In turn, the gut microbiome affects the host via multiple mechanisms including gut barrier function, immune function, satiety and taste regulation and the activity of biological signaling pathways that influence health and disease. Herein, we report the development of a botanical diversity index (BDI) to evaluate plant food consumption as a novel metric for identifying and quantifying phytochemicals to which an individual is exposed. A rationale is advanced for using the BDI to investigate how plant food diversity impacts gut microbial ecology and functionality.

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Martin-Creuzburg, Dominik, and Petra Merkel. "Sterols of freshwater microalgae: potential implications for zooplankton nutrition." Journal of Plankton Research 38, no. 4 (May 20, 2016): 865–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbw034.

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Lee, Mark A., Aaron P. Davis, Mizeck G. G. Chagunda, and Pete Manning. "Forage quality declines with rising temperatures, with implications for livestock production and methane emissions." Biogeosciences 14, no. 6 (March 26, 2017): 1403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1403-2017.

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Abstract. Livestock numbers are increasing to supply the growing demand for meat-rich diets. The sustainability of this trend has been questioned, and future environmental changes, such as climate change, may cause some regions to become less suitable for livestock. Livestock and wild herbivores are strongly dependent on the nutritional chemistry of forage plants. Nutrition is positively linked to weight gains, milk production and reproductive success, and nutrition is also a key determinant of enteric methane production. In this meta-analysis, we assessed the effects of growing conditions on forage quality by compiling published measurements of grass nutritive value and combining these data with climatic, edaphic and management information. We found that forage nutritive value was reduced at higher temperatures and increased by nitrogen fertiliser addition, likely driven by a combination of changes to species identity and changes to physiology and phenology. These relationships were combined with multiple published empirical models to estimate forage- and temperature-driven changes to cattle enteric methane production. This suggested a previously undescribed positive climate change feedback, where elevated temperatures reduce grass nutritive value and correspondingly may increase methane production by 0.9 % with a 1 °C temperature rise and 4.5 % with a 5 °C rise (model average), thus creating an additional climate forcing effect. Future methane production increases are expected to be largest in parts of North America, central and eastern Europe and Asia, with the geographical extent of hotspots increasing under a high emissions scenario. These estimates require refinement and a greater knowledge of the abundance, size, feeding regime and location of cattle, and the representation of heat stress should be included in future modelling work. However, our results indicate that the cultivation of more nutritious forage plants and reduced livestock farming in warming regions may reduce this additional source of pastoral greenhouse gas emissions.

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Grozinger, Christina M., and Michelle L. Flenniken. "Bee Viruses: Ecology, Pathogenicity, and Impacts." Annual Review of Entomology 64, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011118-111942.

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Bees—including solitary, social, wild, and managed species—are key pollinators of flowering plant species, including nearly three-quarters of global food crops. Their ecological importance, coupled with increased annual losses of managed honey bees and declines in populations of key wild species, has focused attention on the factors that adversely affect bee health, including viral pathogens. Genomic approaches have dramatically expanded understanding of the diversity of viruses that infect bees, the complexity of their transmission routes—including intergenus transmission—and the diversity of strategies bees have evolved to combat virus infections, with RNA-mediated responses playing a prominent role. Moreover, the impacts of viruses on their hosts are exacerbated by the other major stressors bee populations face, including parasites, poor nutrition, and exposure to chemicals. Unraveling the complex relationships between viruses and their bee hosts will lead to improved understanding of viral ecology and management strategies that support better bee health.

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Leach, Megan E., and Frank Drummond. "A Review of Native Wild Bee Nutritional Health." International Journal of Ecology 2018 (October 25, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9607246.

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Declines in wild and managed bee species richness and abundances have been observed throughout Europe and North America in recent decades. These declines have led to questions regarding pollination of wild and cultivated plants. In response to these concerns, efforts towards the conservation of pollinators have been initiated. Part of this conservation effort should be to provide the basic nutritional needs for bees. Nutrition plays one of the most important roles in bee growth, development, and reproduction. There is a large body of information regarding honey bee nutrition, whereas we lack nutritional information on native wild bees. Our knowledge of bumble bee nutritional needs has increased since the introduction of commercial rearing and sale of certain bumble bee species; however, there is still a lack of basic nutritional guidelines such as minimum dietary needs of proteins, amino acids, lipids, and sterols. The large difference in physiology and life history between honey bees and North American wild bees suggests that their nutritional requirements could be quite different.

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Williams, RR. "Mineral Nutrition In vitro ̵1 a Mechanistic Approach." Australian Journal of Botany 41, no. 2 (1993): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9930237.

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The supply of minerals in the medium is an essential part of plant tissue culture systems. Currently used media are largely based on empirical modifications to a few basic formulations. Optimum requirements vary widely between plant genotypes and culture systems and, as yet, it is not possible to predict the mineral requirements of untried species. A more mechanistic approach is presented which may improve this situation. Published literature and some current research aimed at a better understanding of the process of mineral nutrition in vitro are reviewed.

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Zekveld, Corinthe, and John Markham. "Exposure to aphids increases alder growth and nitrogen fixation." Botany 89, no. 4 (April 2011): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b11-012.

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Plants can respond to herbivore damage by mounting a resistance response or by compensating for lost fitness. Both plant nutrition and interactions with soil microbes can affect these responses. It has been shown that resistance responses can occur before plants have been attacked by herbivores. Here we show that a tolerance type of response can occur when plants are exposed to, but not fed on by, herbivores. Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. spp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill were grown in sealed containers under positive air pressure with either 0.5 mmol·L–1 or 2.0 mmol·L–1 nitrate and either inoculated or not inoculated with Frankia , their nitrogen-fixing symbiont. Plants were then exposed to the genus-specific aphid Prociphilus tessallatus Fitch, which failed to establish feeding colonies. Exposure to aphids, formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules, and elevated soil nitrogen levels all significantly increased plant yield with no interaction among these factors. A combination of high soil nitrogen, nodulation, and exposure to aphids resulted in the lowest plant root:shoot ratio. Plants that were grown with low nitrogen and were exposed to aphids showed increased nitrogen-fixing activity within a day of being exposed. These results provide further evidence to support the observation that plants can respond to cues from other organisms prior to receiving herbivore damage.

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Biedermann, Peter H. W., and Fernando E. Vega. "Ecology and Evolution of Insect–Fungus Mutualisms." Annual Review of Entomology 65, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 431–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-024910.

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The evolution of a mutualism requires reciprocal interactions whereby one species provides a service that the other species cannot perform or performs less efficiently. Services exchanged in insect–fungus mutualisms include nutrition, protection, and dispersal. In ectosymbioses, which are the focus of this review, fungi can be consumed by insects or can degrade plant polymers or defensive compounds, thereby making a substrate available to insects. They can also protect against environmental factors and produce compounds antagonistic to microbial competitors. Insects disperse fungi and can also provide fungal growth substrates and protection. Insect–fungus mutualisms can transition from facultative to obligate, whereby each partner is no longer viable on its own. Obligate dependency has ( a) resulted in the evolution of morphological adaptations in insects and fungi, ( b) driven the evolution of social behaviors in some groups of insects, and ( c) led to the loss of sexuality in some fungal mutualists.

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Jiang, Haozhao, Xia Li, Jialing Tian, and Houcheng Liu. "Pre-Harvest Supplemental Blue Light Enhanced Antioxidant Activity of Flower Stalk in Chinese Kale during Storage." Plants 10, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061177.

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For 10 days before harvest, supplemental 50 μmol m−2 s−1 blue light (430 nm) was applied in greenhouse conditions in order to evaluate the influences of pre-harvest supplemental blue light on both antioxidants and nutrition of the flower stalk of Chinese kale during storage. The weight loss of the flower stalk of Chinese kale treated with supplemental blue light was generally lower than control during storage. Higher antioxidant activity was maintained during storage by supplemental blue light. Meanwhile, supplemental blue light derived higher contents of vitamin C, soluble protein, free amino acids, and chlorophyll at harvest. The samples exposed to supplemental blue light possessed both higher nutrition and antioxidant values. Thus, pre-harvest supplemental blue light treatment might be a promising strategy to enhance the antioxidant activity and nutritional values and extend the shelf-life of the flower stalk of Chinese kale.

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Glyphis, J. P., and G. M. Puttick. "Phenolics, nutrition and insect herbivory in some garrigue and maquis plant species." Oecologia 78, no. 2 (February 1989): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00377164.

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Dickie, Ian A., Nina Koele, Joel D. Blum, James D. Gleason, and Matthew S. McGlone. "Mycorrhizas in changing ecosystems,." Botany 92, no. 2 (February 2014): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0091.

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Ecosystems change between arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal vegetation dominance over anthropological and geological time scales, yet consequences for ecosystem function are unclear. We review four hypotheses for the effect of mycorrhizal status on ecosystem function. Specifically, that differences between ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal dominated ecosystems are driven by (1) foliar trait differences, (2) positive plant–soil feedback in ectomycorrhizal plants, (3) differences in the ability to dissolve rocks as a source of nutrition, and (4) differences in the ability to use organic nutrients. We find no universal difference in foliar traits with mycorrhizal status. A spatial simulation suggests that positive plant–soil feedback in ectomycorrhizal plants is unlikely to drive ecosystem differences. However, negative feedback appears to be more common in arbuscular mycorrhizal trees than ectomycorrhizal trees and may represent an important ecosystem difference. Rock dissolution occurs under both mycorrhizal types but may differ in rate. Hypothesis 4 was the best supported: a model and some field evidence suggest that decoupling of carbon and nutrients in ectomycorrhizal decomposition leads to inhibition of saprotrophic mineralization, with context-dependent effects. Greater understanding of organic nutrient utilization differences may be key to improving incorporation of mycorrhizas in ecosystem ecology.

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Klein, David R. "Variation in quality of caribou and reindeer forage plants associated with season, plant part, and phenology." Rangifer 10, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.10.3.841.

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Plant parts used as forage by caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) have been collected in conjunction with studies of foraging dynamics, nutrition, growth, and population ecology of this arctic ungulate over the course of several years in Alaska and other circumpolar areas. These samples were subjected to proximal analyses for percent nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, carbohydrate, cell wall (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, cellulose, and residual ash, and treated to determine in vitro and nylon bag dry matter digestibility (DMD). Among winter vascular plant forage only carbohydrates showed a positive correlation with digestibility, wheras in summer nitrogen, phosphorus, and in some cases sodium, also are positively correlated with digestibility. Forage from shrubs and forbs in early summer had higher nitrogen and carbohydrate levels than later in the season, wheras graminoids show an increase in these levels during the first few weeks of growth. Floral parts during anthesis showed higher nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbohydrate levels and higher digestibility than corresponding leaf material. The annual dietary cycle is the product of adjustment of the physiological cycle to seasonal fluctuation in forage quality and quantity.

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Cannazzaro, Samantha, Silvia Traversari, Sonia Cacini, Sara Di Lonardo, Catello Pane, Gianluca Burchi, and Daniele Massa. "Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment Influences Shoot Biomass, Flower Production and Nutrition of Gerbera Plants Depending on Substrate Composition and Fertigation Level." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2021): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040689.

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Non-thermal plasma (NTP) appears a promising strategy for supporting crop protection, increasing yield and quality, and promoting environmental safety through a decrease in chemical use. However, very few NTP applications on containerized crops are reported under operational growing conditions and in combination with eco-friendly growing media and fertigation management. In this work, NTP technology is applied to the nutrient solution used for the production of gerbera plants grown in peat or green compost, as an alternative substrate to peat, and with standard or low fertilization. NTP treatment promotes fresh leaf and flower biomass production in plants grown in peat and nutrient adsorption in those grown in both substrates, except for Fe, while decreasing dry plant matter. However, it causes a decrease in the leaf and flower biomasses of plants grown in compost, showing a substrate-dependent effect under a low fertilization regime. In general, the limitation in compost was probably caused by the high-substrate alkalinization that commonly interferes with gerbera growth. Under low fertilization, a reduction in the photosynthetic capacity further penalizes plant growth in compost. A lower level of fertilization also decreases gerbera quality, highlighting that Ca, Mg, Mn, and Fe could be reduced with respect to standard fertilization.

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Villalba, Juan J., Karen A. Beauchemin, Pablo Gregorini, and Jennifer W. MacAdam. "Pasture chemoscapes and their ecological services." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz003.

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Abstract Ruminant livestock-production systems are between a rock and a hard place; they are experiencing increasing societal pressure to reduce environmental impacts in a world that demands increased food supply. Recent improvements in the understanding of the nutritional ecology of livestock by scientists may help livestock producers respond to these seemingly contradictory demands. Forages are nutrition and pharmacy centers with primary (nutrients) and plant secondary compounds (PSC; pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals), which can provide multiple services for the proper functioning of agroecosystems. Legumes with lower contents of fiber and higher contents of nonstructural carbohydrates, coupled with different types and concentrations of PSC (e.g., condensed tannins, terpenes), create a diverse array of chemicals in the landscape (i.e., the “chemoscape”) with the potential to enhance livestock nutrition, health and welfare relative to foodscapes dominated by grasses and other conventional feeds. These PSC-containing plants may reduce methane emissions and nitrogen (N) excretion from animals while increasing animal growth rate compared with swards dominated by grasses, and provide meat quality that appeals to consumers. Condensed tannins from sainfoin and saponins from alfalfa and manure of cattle consuming these forages also reduce N mobilization in soils, reduce nutrient leaching, and increase plant-available N stores for future use. The challenge for future pastoral production systems is to design multifunctional spatiotemporal arrangements of forages with “ideal” chemical diversity for specific ecoregions, aiming to achieve sustainability while increasing production goals and improving ecosystem services. Thus, the objective of this review is to stimulate the quest for chemically and taxonomically diverse pastoral feeding systems that optimize overall productivity; reduce environmental impacts; and enhance livestock, soil, and human health.

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DYKE, FRED VAN, and JEFFREY A. DARRAGH. "Response of Elk to Changes in Plant Production and Nutrition Following Prescribed Burning." Journal of Wildlife Management 71, no. 1 (February 2007): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2005-464.

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Serna-González, Marcela, Ligia E. Urrego-Giraldo, Nelson Walter Osorio, and Diego Valencia-Ríos. "Mycorrhizae: a key interaction for conservation of two endangered Magnolias from Andean forests." Plant Ecology and Evolution 152, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2019.1398.

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Background and aims – Magnolia species are highly endangered in neotropical forests where they are highly endemic and often very rare. However, little is known about their nutritional and soil conditions in natural forests. In this study, we focused on two endangered Magnolia species that cohabit in the Colombian Andean cloud forests in order to identify their conservation and nutritional status. We hypothesize that these species might exhibit mycorrhizal colonization that enhance nutrients uptake in poor and disturbed soils. Methods – Individuals of Magnolia jardinensis and M. yarumalensis were assessed in 11 000 m2 of Andean forests remnants from Jardín municipality (Antioquia, Colombia). Foliar and soil samples were analysed in the lab. Through a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) we identified the relationship between soil conditions and foliar nutrition. Root fragments and rhizosphere samples from seedlings and juveniles up to 3 m tall were collected to verify mycorrhizal colonization and presence of other microorganisms. Adults were excluded of the sampling due to the difficulties to differentiate their roots among the rest of the species in the forest fragments. Key results – The surveys show that the M. yarumalensis population has an inverted J-shaped diametric distribution suggesting a potential recovering population while the smaller overall distribution of M. jardinensis in all diametric categories suggests that this species is likely to become extinct. Both species grow in acidic, infertile soils, although foliar nutrient concentrations did not correlate with soil-nutrient availability. Such a discrepancy and the high colonization levels of mycorrhizae (60–70%) and dark septate endophytes (40–45%), suggest that plant-microorganisms may facilitate nutrition and enhance survival of Magnolia species in stressed environments. Other fungi and bacteria were also found in their rhizosphere, but their role with respect to Magnolia species remains unclear.Conclusions - Mycorrhizal colonization of endangered Magnolia species seems to play a key role to their performance in natural disturbed Andean forests. Aspects related to soil and rhizosphere ecology should be included in conservation projects for endangered and endemic plants.

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Lizzi, Daniel, Alessandro Mattiello, Alessio Adamiano, Guido Fellet, Emanuele Gava, and Luca Marchiol. "Influence of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Two Terrestrial Wild Plant Species." Plants 10, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020335.

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Most current studies on the relationships between plans and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are focused on food crops, while the effects on spontaneous plants have been neglected so far. However, from an ecological perspective, the ENMs impacts on the wild plants could have dire consequences on food webs and ecosystem services. Therefore, they should not be considered less critical. A pot trial was carried out in greenhouse conditions to evaluate the growth of Holcus lanatus L. (monocot) and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. DC. (dicot) exposed to cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2). Plants were grown for their entire cycle in a substrate amended with 200 mg kg−1nCeO2 having the size of 25 nm and 50 nm, respectively. nCeO2 were taken up by plant roots and then translocated towards leaf tissues of both species. However, the mean size of nCeO2 found in the roots of the species was different. In D. tenuifolia, there was evidence of more significant particle aggregation compared to H. lanatus. Further, biomass variables (dry weight of plant fractions and leaf area) showed that plant species responded differently to the treatments. In the experimental conditions, there were recorded stimulating effects on plant growth. However, nutritional imbalances for macro and micronutrients were observed, as well.

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Maurer, Stefan, R. Matyssek, Madeleine S. Günthardt-Goerg, Werner Landolt, and Werner Einig. "Nutrition and the ozone sensitivity of birch (." Trees 12, no. 1 (1997): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680050115.

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Maurer, Stefan, and R. Matyssek. "Nutrition and the ozone sensitivity of birch (." Trees 12, no. 1 (1997): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680050116.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ecology of plant nutrition'

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