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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ecology and Evolution

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ecology and Evolution'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ecology and Evolution"

1

Ash, C. "ECOLOGY/EVOLUTION: Pelagic Ecology." Science 315, no. 5820 (March 30, 2007): 1769b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.315.5820.1769b.

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Iyengar, Erika. "Ecology/Evolution." American Biology Teacher 72, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2010.72.1.12.

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Haila, Yrjö. "Ecology finding evolution finding ecology." Biology & Philosophy 4, no. 2 (April 1989): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00127756.

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Vázquez, José. "Ecology and Evolution." American Biology Teacher 66, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4451676.

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Sugden, A. M. "ECOLOGY/EVOLUTION: Biomics!" Science 304, no. 5674 (May 21, 2004): 1079a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.304.5674.1079a.

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Lee, Thomas H. "Ecology in Evolution." New England Journal of Medicine 344, no. 26 (June 28, 2001): 2018–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200106283442610.

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Smith, J. David, Alexandria C. Zakrzewski, Jennifer M. Johnson, and Jeanette C. Valleau. "Ecology, Fitness, Evolution." Current Directions in Psychological Science 25, no. 4 (August 2016): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721416652393.

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Stikker, Allered. "Evolution and ecology." Futures 22, no. 2 (March 1990): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(90)90080-2.

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Kronenfeld, David B. "The Ecology of Language Evolution.:The Ecology of Language Evolution." American Anthropologist 105, no. 4 (December 2003): 856–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2003.105.4.856.2.

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Jędrzejewska, Bogumiła, and Mieczysław Wolsan. "Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution. Book review. J. L. Gittleman (Ed.), 1989: Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution. London, Chapman and Hall. 620 pp." Acta Theriologica 37 (June 12, 1992): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.92-28.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ecology and Evolution"

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Nichols, Phillip Brent. "Tardigrade evolution and ecology." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001270.

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Vargas, Ramirez Sergio. "Evolution and ecology of antarctic sponges." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-141266.

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Ishida, Yoichi. "Secret analogies mathematics, ecology, and evolution /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442878.

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Veen, Franciscus Johannes Frank van. "Aphid hyperparasitoids : taxonomy, ecology and evolution." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313144.

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Reece, Sarah E. "Evolution and ecology of sex allocation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12849.

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Ricono, Angela. "Ecology and Evolution of Common Milkweed." W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154023.

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All organisms must interact with and adapt to their surrounding environment. There are myriad ways in which species accomplish this; ultimately resulting in the vast diversity of life on earth today. Changes in the environment can have profound impacts on an organisms' ability to compete and utilize their surroundings. Plants are particularly impacted by local environmental differences because of the fact that they are immobile. This environmental variation exists at both large and small spatial scales. For example, on larger scales, forces such as fire and grazers can remove dominant plant competitors. on smaller scales, variation in resource availability (e.g. light, nutrients, water) may benefit more phenotypically plastic species. to better understand how changes in the environment, on both large and small spatial scales, I established a two part study using milkweed (Asclepias spp.) as a model system. in the first chapter, I ask how fire, large grazers, and nutrients have affected milkweed abundance over relatively long time and large spatial scales. Here I found that most milkweed species increase in abundance with burning alone but expressed species-specific responses to other treatment combinations. This indicates that milkweed species have likely experienced unique fluctuations in abundance as fire and large herbivores moved across the landscape. The second aspect of this research focuses in on a single year and relatively small spatial scales. Here, using common milkweed (A. syriaca), I ask how environmental variation shapes spatial structuring of phenotypes within fine-scale physical distance and how genotypes impact phenotypes. I found that environment, not genotype, had a relatively larger role on fine-scale phenotypic variation. Combined, these results have implications for understanding the role of large and small scale environmental variations in plant phenotypes and plant abundance.

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Wanke, Stefan. "Evolution of the genus Aristolochia - Systematics, Molecular Evolution and Ecology." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1169634459488-35651.

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Evolution of Piperales – matK gene and trnK intron sequence data reveal lineage specific resolution contrast. Piperales are one of the largest basal angiosperm orders with a nearly worldwide distribution. The order includes three species rich genera, Piper (ca. 1,000 species), Peperomia (ca. 1,500-1,700 species), and Aristolochia s. l. (ca. 500 species). Sequences of the matK gene and the non-coding trnK group II intron are analysed for a dense set of 105 taxa representing all families (except Hydnoraceae) and all generic segregates (except Euglypha within Aristolochiaceae) of Piperales. A large number of highly informative indels are found in the Piperales trnK/matK dataset. Within a narrow region approximately 500 nt downstream in the matK coding region (CDS), a length variable simple sequence repeat (SSR) expansion segment occurs, in which insertions and deletions have led to short frame-shifts. These are corrected shortly afterwards, resulting in a maximum of 6 amino acids being affected. Furthermore, additional non-functional matK copies were found in Zippelia begoniifolia, which can easily be discriminated from the functional open reading frame (ORF). The trnK/matK sequence data fully resolve relationships within Peperomia, whereas they are not effective within Piper. The resolution contrast is correlated with the rate heterogenity between those lineages. Parsimony, Bayesian and likelihood analyses result in virtually the same topology, and converge on the monophyly of Piperaceae and Saururaceae. Lactoris gains high support as sister to Aristolochiaceae subf. Aristolochioideae, but the different tree inference methods yield conflicting results with respect to the relationships of subfam. Asaroideae. In Piperaceae, a clade formed by the monotypic genus Zippelia and the small genus Manekia (=Sarcorhachis) is sister to the two large genera Piper and Peperomia. Systematics of pipevines – Combining morphological and fast-evolving molecular characters to investigate the relationships within subfamily Aristolochioideae (Aristolochiaceae) A combined phylogenetic analysis of the Aristolochioideae was conducted based on 72 morphological characters and molecular datasets (matK gene, trnK intron, trnL intron, trnL-trnF spacer). The analysis sampled 33 species as the ingroup, including two species of Thottea and 30 species of Aristolochia and the monotypic genus Euglypha, which represent all the infrageneric taxa formally described; Saruma henryi and Asarum caudatum were used as the outgroup. The results corroborate a sister-group relationship between Thottea and Aristolochia, and the paraphyly of Aristolochia with respect to Euglypha that consequently should be included into Aristolochia. Two of the three subgenera within Aristolochia (Isotrema and Pararistolochia) are shown to be monophyletic, whereas the signal obtained from the different datasets about the relationships within subg. Aristolochia is low and conflicting, resulting in collapsed or unsupported branches. The relationship between the New World and the Old World species of subgenus Aristolochia is conflictive because morphological data support these two groups as monophyletic, whereas molecular data show the monophyletic Old World species of Aristolochia nested within the New World species. A sister group relationship is proposed between A. lindneri and pentandrous species, which suggests that a group of five species from central and southern South America (including A. lindneri) could be monophyletic and sister to Aristolochia subsection Pentandrae, a monophyletic taxon consisting of about 35 species from southern USA, Mesoamerica, and the West Indies. Colonisation, phylogeography and evolution of endemism in Mediterranean Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae). This study provides evidence for a multiple colonisation of the western Old World from Asian ancestors within Aristolochia section Diplolobus (subsection Aristolochia and Podanthemum). Within subsection Podanthemum it is assumed, that the colonisation of the African continent happened at least two times independently. In contrast, for subsection Aristolochia, a rapid morphological radiation in the Near East (or close to this area) with subsequent star like colonisation of the different current distribution areas, which is not paralleled on the molecular level, appears to be more likely. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction is unsupported for these clades, but most clades are highly supported as monophyletic. Interestingly the Mediterranean and temperate Eurasian species, which are morphologically distinct (A. pistolochia, A. clematitis) are not clustering within the main clades, but are independent lineages. Analogue, A. rigida a species from Somalia is well-supported sister to the subsection Aristolochia. Within subsection Podanthemum the colonisation event from an Asian ancestor is clearly traceable, whereas in subsection Aristolochia the path is not traceable, since the ancestors are extinct or not present in the connecting areas. Within the Mediterranean, Near East and Caucasian species of subsection Aristolochia two morphologically and biogeographically well supported groups can be identified: the Near East/Caucasian species and the West Mediterranean species. The previous groupings for the latter, based on morphological characters, could be substantiated only partly by our results. This study provides the first phylogeny of all West Mediterranean species. In addition an independent complex is established including some micro endemic species. The phylogenetic results are discussed with respect to biogeography, and morphology, to give a first insight into the radiation and colonisation of the genus Aristolochia in the Mediterranean region. Universal primers for a large cryptically simple cpDNA microsatellite region in Aristolochia. We provide a new and valuable marker to study species relationships and population genetics in order to trace evolutionary, ecological, and conservational aspects in the genus Aristolochia. Universal primers for amplification and subsequent sequencing of a chloroplast microsatellite locus inside the trnK intron are presented. Utility of the primers has been tested in 32 species representing all clades of Aristolochia, including population studies within the A. pallida complex, A. clusii and A. rotunda. The microsatellite region is characterized as a (AnTm)k repeat of 22–438 bp containing a combination of different repeats arranged as ‘cryptically simple’. Trapped! Pollination of Aristolochia pallida Willd. in the Mediterranean A first study of the pollination biology of a Mediterranean Aristolochia species in its natural habitat is presented. 183 flowers of Aristolochia pallida were investigated, which in total contained 73 arthropods, dominated by two groups of Diptera, Sciaridae (37%) and Phoridae (19%). However, only Phoridae are regarded as potential pollinators, since pollen has been found exclusively on the body surfaces of these insects. All Phoridae belong to the genus Megaselia and are recognised as four undescribed species. The measurements of flower and insect dimensions suggest that size is an important constrain for successful pollination: 1) the insects must have a definitive size for being able to enter the flower and 2) must be able to get in touch with the pollen. Only very few insect groups found in Aristolochia pallida fulfil these size requirements. However, size alone is not a sufficient constrain as too many fly species of the same size might be trapped but not function as pollinators. Instead, specific attraction is required as otherwise pollen is lost. Since all trapped Phoridae are males, a chemical attraction (pheromones) is proposed as an additional constrain. Since A. pallida flowers are protogynous, the record of Megaselia loaded with pollen found in a flower during its female stage proves that this insect must have been visited at least one different flower during its male stage before. Further on, this observation provides strong evidence that the flowers are cross-pollinated. All these factors indicate a highly specialised pollination of Aristolochia pallida by Megaselia species.

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Wanke, Stefan. "Evolution of the genus Aristolochia - Systematics, Molecular Evolution and Ecology." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23929.

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Evolution of Piperales – matK gene and trnK intron sequence data reveal lineage specific resolution contrast. Piperales are one of the largest basal angiosperm orders with a nearly worldwide distribution. The order includes three species rich genera, Piper (ca. 1,000 species), Peperomia (ca. 1,500-1,700 species), and Aristolochia s. l. (ca. 500 species). Sequences of the matK gene and the non-coding trnK group II intron are analysed for a dense set of 105 taxa representing all families (except Hydnoraceae) and all generic segregates (except Euglypha within Aristolochiaceae) of Piperales. A large number of highly informative indels are found in the Piperales trnK/matK dataset. Within a narrow region approximately 500 nt downstream in the matK coding region (CDS), a length variable simple sequence repeat (SSR) expansion segment occurs, in which insertions and deletions have led to short frame-shifts. These are corrected shortly afterwards, resulting in a maximum of 6 amino acids being affected. Furthermore, additional non-functional matK copies were found in Zippelia begoniifolia, which can easily be discriminated from the functional open reading frame (ORF). The trnK/matK sequence data fully resolve relationships within Peperomia, whereas they are not effective within Piper. The resolution contrast is correlated with the rate heterogenity between those lineages. Parsimony, Bayesian and likelihood analyses result in virtually the same topology, and converge on the monophyly of Piperaceae and Saururaceae. Lactoris gains high support as sister to Aristolochiaceae subf. Aristolochioideae, but the different tree inference methods yield conflicting results with respect to the relationships of subfam. Asaroideae. In Piperaceae, a clade formed by the monotypic genus Zippelia and the small genus Manekia (=Sarcorhachis) is sister to the two large genera Piper and Peperomia. Systematics of pipevines – Combining morphological and fast-evolving molecular characters to investigate the relationships within subfamily Aristolochioideae (Aristolochiaceae) A combined phylogenetic analysis of the Aristolochioideae was conducted based on 72 morphological characters and molecular datasets (matK gene, trnK intron, trnL intron, trnL-trnF spacer). The analysis sampled 33 species as the ingroup, including two species of Thottea and 30 species of Aristolochia and the monotypic genus Euglypha, which represent all the infrageneric taxa formally described; Saruma henryi and Asarum caudatum were used as the outgroup. The results corroborate a sister-group relationship between Thottea and Aristolochia, and the paraphyly of Aristolochia with respect to Euglypha that consequently should be included into Aristolochia. Two of the three subgenera within Aristolochia (Isotrema and Pararistolochia) are shown to be monophyletic, whereas the signal obtained from the different datasets about the relationships within subg. Aristolochia is low and conflicting, resulting in collapsed or unsupported branches. The relationship between the New World and the Old World species of subgenus Aristolochia is conflictive because morphological data support these two groups as monophyletic, whereas molecular data show the monophyletic Old World species of Aristolochia nested within the New World species. A sister group relationship is proposed between A. lindneri and pentandrous species, which suggests that a group of five species from central and southern South America (including A. lindneri) could be monophyletic and sister to Aristolochia subsection Pentandrae, a monophyletic taxon consisting of about 35 species from southern USA, Mesoamerica, and the West Indies. Colonisation, phylogeography and evolution of endemism in Mediterranean Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae). This study provides evidence for a multiple colonisation of the western Old World from Asian ancestors within Aristolochia section Diplolobus (subsection Aristolochia and Podanthemum). Within subsection Podanthemum it is assumed, that the colonisation of the African continent happened at least two times independently. In contrast, for subsection Aristolochia, a rapid morphological radiation in the Near East (or close to this area) with subsequent star like colonisation of the different current distribution areas, which is not paralleled on the molecular level, appears to be more likely. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction is unsupported for these clades, but most clades are highly supported as monophyletic. Interestingly the Mediterranean and temperate Eurasian species, which are morphologically distinct (A. pistolochia, A. clematitis) are not clustering within the main clades, but are independent lineages. Analogue, A. rigida a species from Somalia is well-supported sister to the subsection Aristolochia. Within subsection Podanthemum the colonisation event from an Asian ancestor is clearly traceable, whereas in subsection Aristolochia the path is not traceable, since the ancestors are extinct or not present in the connecting areas. Within the Mediterranean, Near East and Caucasian species of subsection Aristolochia two morphologically and biogeographically well supported groups can be identified: the Near East/Caucasian species and the West Mediterranean species. The previous groupings for the latter, based on morphological characters, could be substantiated only partly by our results. This study provides the first phylogeny of all West Mediterranean species. In addition an independent complex is established including some micro endemic species. The phylogenetic results are discussed with respect to biogeography, and morphology, to give a first insight into the radiation and colonisation of the genus Aristolochia in the Mediterranean region. Universal primers for a large cryptically simple cpDNA microsatellite region in Aristolochia. We provide a new and valuable marker to study species relationships and population genetics in order to trace evolutionary, ecological, and conservational aspects in the genus Aristolochia. Universal primers for amplification and subsequent sequencing of a chloroplast microsatellite locus inside the trnK intron are presented. Utility of the primers has been tested in 32 species representing all clades of Aristolochia, including population studies within the A. pallida complex, A. clusii and A. rotunda. The microsatellite region is characterized as a (AnTm)k repeat of 22–438 bp containing a combination of different repeats arranged as ‘cryptically simple’. Trapped! Pollination of Aristolochia pallida Willd. in the Mediterranean A first study of the pollination biology of a Mediterranean Aristolochia species in its natural habitat is presented. 183 flowers of Aristolochia pallida were investigated, which in total contained 73 arthropods, dominated by two groups of Diptera, Sciaridae (37%) and Phoridae (19%). However, only Phoridae are regarded as potential pollinators, since pollen has been found exclusively on the body surfaces of these insects. All Phoridae belong to the genus Megaselia and are recognised as four undescribed species. The measurements of flower and insect dimensions suggest that size is an important constrain for successful pollination: 1) the insects must have a definitive size for being able to enter the flower and 2) must be able to get in touch with the pollen. Only very few insect groups found in Aristolochia pallida fulfil these size requirements. However, size alone is not a sufficient constrain as too many fly species of the same size might be trapped but not function as pollinators. Instead, specific attraction is required as otherwise pollen is lost. Since all trapped Phoridae are males, a chemical attraction (pheromones) is proposed as an additional constrain. Since A. pallida flowers are protogynous, the record of Megaselia loaded with pollen found in a flower during its female stage proves that this insect must have been visited at least one different flower during its male stage before. Further on, this observation provides strong evidence that the flowers are cross-pollinated. All these factors indicate a highly specialised pollination of Aristolochia pallida by Megaselia species.

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Goddard, Matthew. "The ecology and evolution of selfish genes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11419.

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Ramon, Marina L. "Molecular ecology and evolution of intertidal sculpins /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Books on the topic "Ecology and Evolution"

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Discovering evolutionary ecology: Bringing together ecology and evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

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Pianka, Eric R. Evolutionary ecology. 5th ed. New York: HarperCollins, 1994.

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Colinvaux, Paul A. Ecology 2. New York: J. Wiley, 1993.

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Evolutionary ecology. 6th ed. San Francisco, Calif: Benjamin Cummings, 2000.

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Evolutionary ecology. 4th ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.

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editor, Méric Guillaume, and Swansea University, eds. Campylobacter ecology and evolution. Norfolk, UK: Caister Academic Press, 2014.

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Korb, Judith, and Heinze Ju rgen. Ecology of social evolution. Berlin: Springer, 2010.

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Leck, Mary Allessio, V. Thomas Parker, and Robert L. Simpson, eds. Seedling Ecology and Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511815133.

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Korb, Judith, and Jörgen Heinze, eds. Ecology of Social Evolution. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75957-7.

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Mufwene, Salikoko S. The ecology of language evolution. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ecology and Evolution"

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Herrmann-Pillath, Carsten, and Christian Hederer. "Evolution, ecology, economy." In A New Principles of Economics, 67–98. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003094869-7.

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Filippov, Alexander E., and Stanislav N. Gorb. "Ecology and Evolution." In Biologically-Inspired Systems, 275–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41528-0_9.

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Strier, Karen B. "Evolution and Sex." In Primate Behavioral Ecology, 139–77. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429274275-5.

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Tribe, G. D., and B. V. Burger. "Olfactory Ecology." In Ecology and Evolution of Dung Beetles, 87–106. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444342000.ch5.

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Naveh, Zev, and Arthur S. Lieberman. "The Evolution of Landscape Ecology." In Landscape Ecology, 3–25. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2331-1_1.

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Gittleman, John L., and Patrick R. Stephens. "Rates of Metabolism and Evolution." In Metabolic Ecology, 112–19. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119968535.ch10.

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Chakravarthy, A. K., Vasudev Kammar, and P. R. Shashank. "Arthropods: Evolution and Ecology." In Economic and Ecological Significance of Arthropods in Diversified Ecosystems, 1–16. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1524-3_1.

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Roossinck, Marilyn J. "Virus Evolution and Ecology." In Handbook of Astrobiology, 677–82. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22230-44.

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Menna, Deborah Santos de Azevedo, Jasmin Graham, Karla Cirila Garcés-García, and Gibbs Kuguru. "Elasmobranch ecology and evolution." In Minorities in Shark Sciences, 35–70. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003260370-2.

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Power, Alison G. "Community Ecology of Plant Viruses." In Plant Virus Evolution, 15–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75763-4_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ecology and Evolution"

1

Rossi, Anthony. "Ecology and evolution ofAsphondylia borrichiae." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114491.

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Орвикку, К., K. Orvikku, Х. Тониссон, and H. Tonisson. "SEA ICE AND ITS INFLUENCE TO COASTAL PROCESSES – BALTIC SEA, ESTONIA." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce371f3f3a6.87362427.

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The Baltic Sea region is characterized by variable winter weather conditions. Sea ice forms near the Estonian coast almost every winter and is characterized by large temporal and spatial variability [1, 2].

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Балабанов, И., I. Balabanov, Е. Манучарянц, and E. Manucharyanc. "MODERN COASTAL ZONE LITHODYNAMICS OF THE INTERFLUVE AREA MZYMTA–PSOU." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce372e2adf1.23870021.

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A need for the validated assessment of the existing Msymta-Psou interstream bank conditions has heightened because the Olympic facilities are planned to be located here. The analysis of multiyear stationary observations (1975–2010) has resulted in a detailed assessment of the coastal area evolution, division of 11 lithodynamic areas, and issue of recommendations how to arrange and maintain lithology monitoring.

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Балабанов, И., I. Balabanov, С. Никифоров, and S. Nikiforov. "PALEOGEOGRAPHIC PREREQUISITE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS OF THE BLACK SEA HOLOCENE COASTAL TERRACE." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce373c46027.13820544.

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The results of summary integral studies and analyzed references allow describing the geologic structure and paleographic formation conditions of the Caucasus Black Sea coast’s Holocene terraces, and reconstructing the spatialtemporal development picture of hydro- and lithodynamics processes caused current coastal geotechnical conditions.

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Белова, Н., N. Belova, В. Соломатин, and V. Solomatin. "THE ROLE OF MASSIVE ICE BEDS IN COASTAL DYNAMICS ON THE SOUTH-WESTERN COAST OF KARA SEA (BY EXAMBLE OF OYUYACHA RIVER MOUTH AND KHARASAVEY SETTLEMENT AREAS)." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce3743bff50.50182884.

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Бобыкина, В., V. Bobykina, П. Жураховская, and P. Zhurahovskaya. "SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF GRANULOMETRIC COMPOSITION OF THE BALTIC (VISTULA) SPIT BEACHE SEDIMENTS." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce374ed2651.42058449.

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The beaches of the marine coast of the Baltic Spit are composed of medium size sand. granulometric differentiation of the beach sediment is observed around the perimeter from north to south. Changes in the composition suggest the existence of the flow of sediment from north to south. Comparison of changes in the fractional composition of sediments for the period 2004–2010 shows a trend of enlargement. This is due to the cessation of flow of anthropogenic deposits into the coastal zone.

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Ванкевич, Р., R. Vankevich, А. Исаев, A. Isaev, Е. Софьина, and E. Sof'ina. "ESTIMATION AND FORECASTING OF THE FLOODING OF COASTAL AREAS AS A RESULT COMMISSIONING OF THE COMPLEX OF PROTECTION CONSTRUCTIONS (CPC) IN THE NEVA BAY." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce375e40214.39233583.

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Closing the water and navigation gates, preventing flooding on the coast of the Neva Bay in St. Petersburg, causes an additional increase in the level rise and flooding of coastal areas of the Gulf of Finland to the west from the complex of protection constructions (CPC). The magnitude of this flooding and its distribution along the coast have not been investigated. There is only a model for evaluating the likely level rise caused by CPC closing. It should be noted also that sea level rise event to the west of the dam leads to a shift of the area undergoing active wave influence in the direction of the coast. The situation is complicated by the fact that ground in this area not previously exposed to hydrodynamic forces and therefore can be easily washed out. Also due to the fact that flooding is almost always accompanied by stormy waving in flooded areas we can expect a significant morphological transformation: coastal erosion, as well as change the contour of the shore. It is planned the implementation of operational three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the coastal areas with a horizontal spatial resolution of about 100 m and variable eastern boundary, simulating the closure of the water and navigation gates, as well as built-in procedure that simulates the drying zone and flooding. As a result will be new knowledge on the effects of hydraulic constructions to the level variations during the flooding, the quantitative assessment of flooding potential areas and drying shores, GIS maps to visualize the results, developed a method for rapid prediction of flooding coasts.

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Айбулатов, Д., D. Aybulatov, Р. Казюлин, and R. Kazyulin. "THE PECULIARITIES OF WATER RUNOFF AND SEDIMENT YEILD IN THE MOUTH OF THE RIVERS OF BOLSHOI SOCHI DISTRICT." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce37a295261.75393256.

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Estuaries of the rivers in Bolshoi Sochi district are the most densely populated areas of the Black Sea coastline area in Russian Federation. Study of water runoff and sediment yield in the mouth of the rivers has an important role in applied science, because the frequency of dangerous hydrological processes is very high. Floods and lateral rivers erosion can leads to catastrophic emergencies. Analysis of hydrological data and physiographic properties of the region help to make several conclusions about water runoff and sediment yield of the region rivers: average annual water and sediment runoff tends to increase, maximum flood discharges increase too. The mouths of the rivers in Bolshoi Sochi District were classified by natural and anthropogenic factors. In the estuaries district were calculated and ploted on topographic maps flooding areas. Also in the work considered information of the anthropogenic intervention in the natural environment of the rivers mouths.

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Андрианова, О., and O. Andrianova. "THE REGULARITIES OF THE SEA LEVEL VARIATION OF THE BLACK AND AZOV SEAS IN THE LAST 100 YEARS." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce37d78c2b9.86631815.

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The trends in variability of the sea level on the coastal stations on the Black and Azov seas during the last 100 years were determined; their comparison from station to station was done with the trends in the levels for the last 10 years. The estimates were made by filtering of the monthly and annual data by the 5-year run ning average. The rate of the sea level rise was calculated from absolute extremes in the annual and filtered data and on the linear trend: the amplitude of level increased from the lowest values occurring on the Batumi (30 cm – for the annual and 23 cm – for the filtered) and Berdyansk (39 and 27 cm, respectively) to the biggest on the Odessa (respectively 67 and 44 cm), Sulina (65 and 40 cm) and Poti (54 and 49 cm). The explanation of the differences in the trend’s maximums based on the fact that stations Odessa and Poti are situated in tectonic areas (close to geological rifts), the stations Sulina and Primorskoe are located near the Danube delta, which has an impact also. The comparing of the trends in the sea level in periods 2000–2010 years and 2000–2009 years shows the global nature of the El Niño impact phenomenon (El Niño in the Pacific was observed during the winters of 2009– 2010 years). The evaluation of periods and amplitudes in the oscillations of sea level shows that in the short-period terms there are 3–4 year waves and in long-period terms there are 10–14 year waves; the amplitudes of short and long waves are on average equal to 11–12 cm. The exceptions are the same stations, which differed in the sea level rise; the average amplitude of the wave oscillations at these stations is bigger in 1,5 times: Sulina (14,5 cm – for short and 11,8 cm – for long), Poti (16,9 and 16,2 cm, respectively) and Berdyansk station which located in the Azov Sea (13,1 and 10,8 cm, respectively); the periods are the same as at all other stations.

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Андрианова, О., O. Andrianova, А. Батырев, A. Batyrev, Р. Белевич, and R. Belevich. "TRENDS OF THE INTERANNUAL FLUCTUATIONS IN THE WORLD OCEAN LEVEL DURING THE LAST CENTURY." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce386bb7293.29087345.

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The changes of the sea level in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Oceans and the whole World Ocean for the period from 1880 till 2010 years were examined. The estimates of the values of the sea level increasing for that time period in each of the oceans and on the west and east coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans were made. For this purpose, the annual sea level data were averaged over years for 68 stations in the Atlantic Ocean, 71 stations – in the Pacific and 33 stations – the Indian. Analysis of the temporary distributions of the sea level shows that increasing of the Atlantic sea level during that period (131 years) is 24,2 cm. Sea levels of Pacific and Indian Oceans during the same period increased on smaller value, 14,5 and 12,4 cm respectively. The reason for difference between the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean in values of sea level rising, as it seems, is significant rising of the land (raising of the East coast of the Asian continent), which was occurred in about half of the stations on the west coast of the Pacific. In the Indian Ocean the zero level of water posts was not correct for many stations, and in some cases there were low quality data. The highest maxima in the sea level in the generalized curves of the temporary distributions appear with about 10-year cycles on the sea level of all oceans that is in good correlation with El Niño years.

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Reports on the topic "Ecology and Evolution"

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Price, Peter W., William J. Mattson, and Yuri N. Baranchikov. The ecology and evolution of gall-forming insects. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-gtr-174.

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Hunter, Martha S., and Einat Zchori-Fein. Rickettsia in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci: Phenotypic variants and fitness effects. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594394.bard.

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The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a major pest of vegetables, field crops, and ornamentals worldwide. This species harbors a diverse assembly of facultative, “secondary” bacterial symbionts, the roles of which are largely unknown. We documented a spectacular sweep of one of these, Rickettsia, in the Southwestern United States in the B biotype (=MEAM1) of B. tabaci, from 1% to 97% over 6 years, as well as a dramatic fitness benefit associated with it in Arizona but not in Israel. Because it is critical to understand the circumstances in which a symbiont invasion can cause such a large change in pest life history, the following objectives were set: 1) Determine the frequency of Rickettsia in B. tabaci in cotton across the United States and Israel. 2) Characterize Rickettsia and B. tabaci genotypes in order to test the hypothesis that genetic variation in either partner is responsible for differences in phenotypes seen in the two countries. 3) Determine the comparative fitness effects of Rickettsia phenotypes in B. tabaci in Israel and the United States. For Obj. 1, a survey of B. tabaci B samples revealed the distribution of Rickettsia across the cotton-growing regions of 13 sites from Israel and 22 sites from the USA. Across the USA, Rickettsia frequencies were heterogeneous among regions, but were generally at frequencies higher than 75% and close to fixation in some areas, whereas in Israel the infection rates were lower and declining. The distinct outcomes of Rickettsia infection in these two countries conform to previouslyreported phenotypic differences. Intermediate frequencies in some areas in both countries may indicate a cost to infection in certain environments or that the frequencies are in flux. This suggests underlying geographic differences in the interactions between bacterial symbionts and the pest. Obj. 2, Sequences of several Rickettsia genes in both locations, including a hypervariableintergenic spacer gene, suggested that the Rickettsia genotype is identical in both countries. Experiments in the US showed that differences in whitefly nuclear genotype had a strong influence on Rickettsia phenotype. Obj. 3. Experiments designed to test for possible horizontal transmission of Rickettsia, showed that these bacteria are transferred from B. tabaci to a plant, moved inside the phloem, and could be acquired by other whiteflies. Plants can serve as a reservoir for horizontal transmission of Rickettsia, a mechanism that may explain the occurrence of phylogenetically-similarsymbionts among unrelated phytophagous insect species. This plant-mediated transmission route may also exist in other insect-symbiont systems, and since symbionts may play a critical role in the ecology and evolution of their hosts, serve as an immediate and powerful tool for accelerated evolution. However, no such horizontal transmission of Rickettsia could be detected in the USA, underlining the difference between the interaction in both countries, or between B. tabaci and the banded wing whitefly on cotton in the USA (Trialeurodes sp. nr. abutiloneus) and the omnivorous bug Nesidiocoristenuis. Additionally, a series of experiments excluded the possibility that Rickettsia is frequently transmitted between B. tabaci and its parasitoid wasps Eretmocerusmundus and Encarsiapergandiella. Lastly, ecological studies on Rickettsia effects on free flight of whiteflies showed no significant influence of symbiont infection on flight. In contrast, a field study of the effects of Rickettsia on whitefly performance on caged cotton in the USA showed strong fitness benefits of infection, and rapid increases in Rickettsia frequency in competition population cages. This result confirmed the benefits to whiteflies of Rickettsia infection in a field setting.

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Microbiology in the 21st Century: Where Are We and Where Are We Going? American Society for Microbiology, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aamcol.5sept.2003.

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The American Academy of Microbiology convened a colloquium September 5–7, 2003, in Charleston, South Carolina to discuss the central importance of microbes to life on earth, directions microbiology research will take in the 21st century, and ways to foster public literacy in this important field. Discussions centered on: the impact of microbes on the health of the planet and its inhabitants; the fundamental significance of microbiology to the study of all life forms; research challenges faced by microbiologists and the barriers to meeting those challenges; the need to integrate microbiology into school and university curricula; and public microbial literacy. This is an exciting time for microbiology. We are becoming increasingly aware that microbes are the basis of the biosphere. They are the ancestors of all living things and the support system for all other forms of life. Paradoxically, certain microbes pose a threat to human health and to the health of plants and animals. As the foundation of the biosphere and major determinants of human health, microbes claim a primary, fundamental role in life on earth. Hence, the study of microbes is pivotal to the study of all living things, and microbiology is essential for the study and understanding of all life on this planet. Microbiology research is changing rapidly. The field has been impacted by events that shape public perceptions of microbes, such as the emergence of globally significant diseases, threats of bioterrorism, increasing failure of formerly effective antibiotics and therapies to treat microbial diseases, and events that contaminate food on a large scale. Microbial research is taking advantage of the technological advancements that have opened new fields of inquiry, particularly in genomics. Basic areas of biological complexity, such as infectious diseases and the engineering of designer microbes for the benefit of society, are especially ripe areas for significant advancement. Overall, emphasis has increased in recent years on the evolution and ecology of microorganisms. Studies are focusing on the linkages between microbes and their phylogenetic origins and between microbes and their habitats. Increasingly, researchers are striving to join together the results of their work, moving to an integration of biological phenomena at all levels. While many areas of the microbiological sciences are ripe for exploration, microbiology must overcome a number of technological hurdles before it can fully accomplish its potential. We are at a unique time when the confluence of technological advances and the explosion of knowledge of microbial diversity will enable significant advances in microbiology, and in biology in general, over the next decade. To make the best progress, microbiology must reach across traditional departmental boundaries and integrate the expertise of scientists in other disciplines. Microbiologists are becoming increasingly aware of the need to harness the vast computing power available and apply it to better advantage in research. Current methods for curating research materials and data should be rethought and revamped. Finally, new facilities should be developed to house powerful research equipment and make it available, on a regional basis, to scientists who might otherwise lack access to the expensive tools of modern biology. It is not enough to accomplish cutting-edge research. We must also educate the children and college students of today, as they will be the researchers of tomorrow. Since microbiology provides exceptional teaching tools and is of pivotal importance to understanding biology, science education in schools should be refocused to include microbiology lessons and lab exercises. At the undergraduate level, a thorough knowledge of microbiology should be made a part of the core curriculum for life science majors. Since issues that deal with microbes have a direct bearing on the human condition, it is critical that the public-at-large become better grounded in the basics of microbiology. Public literacy campaigns must identify the issues to be conveyed and the best avenues for communicating those messages. Decision-makers at federal, state, local, and community levels should be made more aware of the ways that microbiology impacts human life and the ways school curricula could be improved to include valuable lessons in microbial science.

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