Dissertations / Theses: 'Ecology and behaviour of oryx'

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Wacher, T. J. "The ecology and social organisation of fringe eared oryx on the Galana ranch, Kenya." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379898.

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Säfström, Felicia. "A Whole New World : A Reading of Deep Ecology in Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-81290.

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This essay explores the theme of deep ecology in Margaret Atwood’s novel Oryx and Crake. It analyzes how the novel deals with the topics of environmental disasters and the apocalypse. It describes humanity’s effect on the planet and how the inventions of the Crakers and the BlyssPluss pill can be seen as good things. It argues that Crake can be seen as the savior of this new and improved world that he creates and that the human species’ annihilation is the only way.
Den här uppsatsen utforskar tema såsom ekokritik och djupekologi i Margaret Atwoods roman Oryx and Crake. Den analyserar hur romanen behandlar ämnena miljökatastrofer och apokalypsen. Den beskriver människans effekt på planeten och hur uppfinningar såsom Crakers och BlyssPluss pillret kan vara bra saker. Vidare argumenterar den att Crake kan vara vår räddare för denna nya och förbättrade värld som han har skapat och hur förintelsen av människan är den enda rätta vägen.

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Benton, Timothy Guy. "The behaviour and ecology of scorpions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335025.

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Gribbin, Simon Dodimead. "Ecology and reproductive behaviour of damselflies." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257209.

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This thesis is concerned with intraspecific competition among damselfly larvae, and on the behaviour and ecology of adults. Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sulzer) was the subject of the work on adult emergence and behaviour at two ponds in Cheshire, while larvae of Ischnura elegans (van der Linden) were used in laboratory competition studies. An asymmetry was found in the way interference competition acts when small and large larvae of I. elegans were contained together with unlimited prey. Small larvae suffered significantly reduced development rates and size increases at the moult in the presence of large larvae, but similar reductions were not apparent when small larvae were combined with like-instar larvae, or when large larvae were combined with small larvae. In field populations, larvae which have been adversely ..rfected by competition for food or fishing sites ".", be smaller and emerge later than competitively successful larvae. Adult size and seasonal occurrence may have a strong influence on both male and female reproductive success. The emergence of P. nymphula was studied at two adjacent ponds. The emergence from both ponds appeared less well synchronised than might have been expected. There is likely to be a trade-off between the need to emerge around the same time as conspecifics in order to achieve a full rep.roRuctive potential, and the expression of temporal variation arising in part frony~petition. Newly emerged adults from one pond were significantly larger and emerged earlier than those from the other pond. This may have been due to differences in prey availability and distribution, and to temperature differences. A decline in size of newly emerged adults through the season was found at both ponds. During periods of bad weather, numbers of individuals emerging were substantially reduced. Those individuals still attempting emergence presumably did so because of the progression of metamorphosis. Quantification of emergence mortality attributed to different factors was attempted. Mortality was found to be highest after a sudden deterioration in the weather. Mean daily mortality, expressed as a percentage of the total daily emergence, was calculated to be 27.93%. There was no evidence of density-dependent mortality at emergence. Recovery of individuals marked at emergence and when mature was found to be low. For mature adults, this was attributed predominantly to dispersal to nearby water bodies. There was some indication that there was a higher mortality of smaller adults in the immature and reproductive stages of the life-history. Fewer females revisited the ponds than males which led to the estimation of female survivorship being considerably lower than that of males. A large increase in weight of females from emergence to maturity suggests that they may amass clutches of eggs over several days and thus not visit the ponds on every day of their reproductive life. In addition, mortality of females may be higher than that of males as a result of predation during oviposition. For male P. nymphula, size was shown to have no effect on the ~:)Utcomeof territorial disputes.which were settled by a simple residency asymmetry. SIze was also found to be unrelated to the total number of observed matings a male achieved, and the number of days a male spent at the ponds, although the latter may have been obscured by the low return of marked males. The relation of size to longevity could not be studied. Success in mating and in territorial disputes was found to be positively related for resident males. This was probably due to the amount of time spent at the ponds within a day. Late emerging female P. nymphula visiting the ponds later in the season laid smaller clutches of smaller eggs than those arriving early in the season, irrespective of size. Clutch size is likely to be strongly related to the inter-clutch interval and thus the pattern of sunny and cloudy days through the season.

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Knight, M. H. "Ecology of the gemsbok Oryx gazella gazella (Linnaeus) and blue wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus (Burchell) in the southern Kalahari." Pretoria : [s.n.], 1991. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03262007-131051.

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Khannoon, Eraqi Radwan R. "Comparative chemical ecology, behaviour, and evolutionary genetics of acanthodactlylus boskianus (Squamata: Lacertidae) : comparative chemical ecology, behaviour and evolution." Thesis, University of Hull, 2009. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:2415.

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Acanthodactylus boskianus is a common lizard species frequently occurring in different habitats throughout Egypt. Both males and females have well developed epidermal femoral glands. This species is territorial and males acquire dominance hierarchies in captivity. The current work included three different techniques to study the importance of femoral gland secretions in communication and signal evolution of A. boskianus. These are behaviour, chemical and DNA analyses techniques. Behavioural bioassays in different experiments showed that the femoral gland secretions are used in communication between the lizards. Communication includes possible roles in mate choice, agonistic behaviour between potential competitor males, and chemical trailing of scent pheromones. These behavioural results reflect the chemical results which showed the chemical variability between male ages, sexes, and allopatric populations. Chemical analysis of the secretions resulted in the identification of natural compounds not previously reported in reptiles, glycerolmonoethers and monoglycerides. The secretions seem to be used as scent pheromones, which are involved in signal evolution processes resulting in divergence of the chemical fingerprints of the gland secretion between allopatric populations.

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Rigby, Emma Louise. "Population ecology and behaviour of Daubenton's bat." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531517.

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West, Judith. "The behaviour and ecology of Palaemon elegans." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324828.

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Roberts, Malcolm Francis. "The ecology and behaviour of Patella species." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268421.

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Miramontes, Octavio Reymundo. "Complex interactions in social behaviour and ecology." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8244.

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Bean, Allison Elizabeth. "The ecology of sex differences in great ape foraging behaviour and hunter-gatherer subsistence behaviour : the origin of sexual division in human subsistence behaviour." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300894.

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Mayhew, Peter J. "Ecological studies of insect reproductive behaviour." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244513.

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Mayes, Phillip James. "The ecology and behaviour of Varanus mertensi (Reptilia:Varanidae)." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://sd-1.archive-host.com/membres/up/542118385/EcologyandBehaviorofVaranusmertensi.pdf.

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Collett, Matthew. "Influences of resource distribution on ecology and behaviour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300135.

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Houghton, J. D. R. "The behaviour and physiological ecology of sea turtles." Thesis, Swansea University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637311.

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Male loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) were observed in a shallow (< 2 m) lagoon. Preferred food sources were Mytilus galloprovincialis, Posidonia oceanica and discarded fish entrails. Foraging dives were of short duration, presumably because of the small lung volumes required to attain neutral buoyancy at shallow depths. In-water observations of juvenile hawksbill turtles (Eretmocheyls imbricata) were made. Curved carapace length was estimated to within 10 cm of actual size. Foraging grounds of adults and juveniles did not appear to overlap. Juvenile hawksbills alternated between short, shallow foraging dives and deeper, longer resting dives. Time depth recorders were attached to loggerhead turtles (n = 2). Dives to the seabed (< 20 m) accounted for 59% and 755 of the interesting interval. Benthic dives decreased markedly following or prior to a nesting event. This contrasted the predominance of open-water dives reported in Japan. Open-water resting may occur when turtles are travelling and, conservely, when little time is spent travelling turtles opt to remain predominantly on the seabed. Atypically deep v-dives were identified for loggerhead and green (chelonia mydas) turtles. These appeared pre-determined, within the physiological scope of the species and may allow direct bathymetric information to be gathered. Patterns of hatchling emergence were documented and related to in-nest thermal conditions. Variation existed between and within individual nests. Hatchlings from nests displaying large thermal range emerged over a longer time-scale than those with more uniform temperatures. Incubation during data were used as a proxy of sex ratios. Variation existed within and between nesting seasons with 'atypical' seasons characterised by predominantly male production. Egg failure and neonate mortality were investigated in loggerhead clutches. First clutches were more likely to contain a higher proportion of eggs displaying no gross signs of development. Possible factors underpinning this are explored as are its implications at population level.

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Davison, John. "Ecology and behaviour of urban badgers (Meles meles)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441028.

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Byle, Philip Andrew Frank. "Behaviour and ecology of the dunnock, Prunella modularis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330150.

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Stander, Philip. "Ecology and hunting behaviour of lions and leopards." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337087.

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Reid, James Beaton. "The rook : aspects of its behaviour and ecology." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15062.

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Aspects of the ecology and behaviour of the rook Corvus frugilegus L. were studied. The decline of rook populations in Britain since the 1940's is documented and the extent and reasons for the decline in north east Fife examined in detail. The most likely causes of this were changes in agricultural practices, including the way the land is used and possibly the use of organo-chlorine insecticides. The ecological relationship between the rook and the carrion crow C. corone L. is explored in an investigation of their habitat use and associated niche metrics. Both species are heavily dependent on agricultural land, especially grassland, for foraging. The carrion crow narrows its niche breadth more than the rook does at times of possible food shortage. Observations on captive birds show rooks to be subordinate to carrion crows. Analysis of nestling rook gizzard contents revealed cereal to be an abundant food as well as invertebrates, particularly beetles and tipulids. A review of tool-use in birds is presented and the conditions under which tool-use is likely to arise are elucidated. The proximate causation of an example of this category of behaviour performed by at least one captive rook is reported. The rook is identified as an ecologically and behaviourally adaptable bird.

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Mondor, Edward Brian. "The ecology and evolution of aphid alarm signaling behaviour." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61665.pdf.

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Dunlop, Jennifer Michelle. "The evolution of behaviour and ecology in emballonuridae (Chiroptera)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27289.pdf.

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Mayes, Phillip James. "The ecology and behaviour of Varanus mertensi (Reptilia: Varanidae)." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0012.html.

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Cadwalladr, Robert. "The behaviour and ecology of the East Anglian hydrobiidae." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361444.

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Douglas, Alexander. "Population ecology and behaviour of juvenile bitterling (rhodeus sericeus)." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404561.

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Harrison, Elizabeth Freya. "Cooperative behaviour in Pseudomonas aeruginosa : ecology, evolution and pathology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444928.

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Spence, Rowena. "The behaviour and ecology of the zebrafish, Danio rerio." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27758.

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Though the zebrafish is an important laboratory model organism, little is known about its natural ecology, and few studies have been conducted on wild populations. It is a small, shoaling cyprinid, native to the floodplains of the Indian subcontinent. A survey conducted in Bangladesh showed that it is most abundant in shallow lakes, ponds and ditches, often associated with rice cultivation. Length-frequency analysis indicates that the zebrafish is an annual species, recruitment being linked to the monsoon season. Its diet, based on gut content analysis, consists primarily of zooplankton and insects. Zebrafish are group spawners and egg scatterers, though females are choosy with respect to sites for oviposition and males defend territories around such sites. The reproductive success of both females and males is affected by density; females produce smaller clutches at higher densities; at low densities territorial males achieve greater reproductive success than non-territorial males, but at higher densities they are no more successful than non-territorials. Female mating preferences, when assessed in the absence of male-male competition, do not correspond to male dominance. The opportunity for selection appears to be weak in zebrafish. Zebrafish show innate and learned preferences for visual cues, both in social and foraging contexts. They shoal preferentially with their own colour pattern, but when individuals are cross-reared with groups of an alternative colour pattern, they prefer to shoal with fish of the appearance with which they were reared; there appears to be a strong learned component to species recognition. In a foraging context, zebrafish display both innate and learned colour preferences. When fish were reared on diets consisting of different colours, each group respond most strongly to red, although there was also an effect of conditioning. This project provides a basis for further studies linking adaptive behaviour with gene expression in zebrafish.

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Mayhew, Peter Watts. "The feeding ecology and behaviour of wigeon (Anas penelope)." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 1985. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/635/.

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Halley, Duncan. "Behaviour, ecology and recruitment of immature guillemots, Uria aalge." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15060.

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Guillemots have been studied on the Isle of May since 1980. Between 184 and 581 individually identifiable birds were ringed as chicks each year since 1983. Cumulative known survival rates varied from 14-39% for cohorts at least 3 years of age. Survival rate was highly significantly negatively correlated with the number of hours of gale force winds in the three months after a cohort first goes to sea. Immatures did not return to the colony until at least 2 years of age. The proportion of a cohort attending the colony increased, cohorts arrived at the colony earlier in the season, and individuals were seen more often up to the age of 4-5. Experienced individuals arrived earlier, were seen more often, and were more likely to recruit than inexperienced birds of the same age. Two and 3 years olds but very few older birds visited sea rocks below the colony; all ages were seen on top ledges and on sites within the breeding colony. Immatures tended to visit the same subcolony repeatedly; older cohorts were more sedentary. Guillemots were highly philopatric to their natal subcolonies as prebreeders and recruits. Recruitment age varied from 3 years to 8+, median 6. Recruits fledged 0.26 chicks/pair compared to 0.79/pair in the breeding population as a whole. Recruits arrived earlier in the year of recruitment, and in the previous year, than same-aged birds which did not recruit. Substantial numbers of immatures from other colonies visited the Isle of May and Isle of May bred birds were observed elsewhere. Non-native immatures were seen fewer times than natives. Activity at the colony varied little between immature cohorts, but suggested increasing competitive ability with age. The results are discussed in relation to wider issues in seabird behaviour and ecology.

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Partridge, Lucas William. "Facets of the ecology, behaviour and evolution of ants." Thesis, University of Bath, 1993. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357941.

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Lan, Daoying. "Ecology and behaviour of black gibbons in Yunnan, China." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343659.

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Nottingham, S. F. "Host-finding behaviour of Phytophagous Diptera." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383350.

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32

Waldron, Julie A. "Human behaviour outdoors and the environmental factors." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52112/.

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The study of human behaviour outdoors has been an area of interest examined from different perspectives. Even so, the study of human behaviour in outdoor public spaces still requires further input from the perspective of human factors. This thesis presents a literature review of behaviour in public spaces where the author evaluated the attendance to public squares, the activities performed by users, the time of permanence, the sitting preferences of users and people’s characteristics among other behaviours. Previous studies have reported a relationship between thermal comfort and human behaviour; however, there is a lack of studies approaching the study of human behaviour using observational methods which allows assessing human behaviours such as number of people, number of groups, time of permanence among others, taking into account environmental factors such as: air temperature, globe temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, sun and shadow presence and illuminance. As part of this research, three studies were conducted in the city centre of Nottingham during summer and autumn of 2015 and winter of 2016 in order to collect data of human behaviour and find its relationship with the air and globe temperature, calculated mean radiant temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and illuminance. These studies were conducted using observational methods by creating a coding scheme after conducting video analysis of social and individual behaviours. A methodology was created to incorporate processes that allow gathering data for observational analysis, which was subsequently processed using multiple regression models and survival analyses. The overall analysis led to the identification of the main environmental factors influencing human behaviour across different environmental conditions. The studies and analyses conducted showed that various environmental factors work together to influence the decisions of the users of a public space. Accordingly, the models used to predict human behaviour should include the environmental variables that explain better its variability, based on the environmental data of the place. Moreover, this study showed that individual analysis should be performed on a seasonal basis using the environmental and human behaviour data of each season in addition to the analysis performed to the whole data set. The reason for this is that the seasonal data is better at explaining some human behaviours than the model built with the whole data set collected in various seasons. For instance, the relationship between wind speed and number of people is positive during summer and negative during autumn and winter; however, when the three seasons are analysed together, the relationship is negative, which does not explain accurately the phenomena in summer. Conversely, illuminance was found to be an important factor influencing behaviour across the seasons and also contributed to the prediction of behaviour in the all season’s analysis. Finally, this thesis presents an application of the results by presenting general recommendations of urban design based on the findings of analysing human behaviour in accordance with the thermal environment. The studies conducted during the three seasons presented a cross-internal validation of the multiple regression models. In addition, a final study which consisted of a mock scenario was conducted to perform an external validation of the previous results. A number of conclusions were drawn about the conditions required to perform further external validations, following the parameters identified that may affect the results of the validation.

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Canning, G., BK Reilly, and AS Dippenaar-Schoeman. "Aspects of the ecology and behaviour of the Seychelles theraphosid Nesiergus insulanus (Arachnida: Araneae: Theraphosidae)." African Invertebrates, 2015. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001979.

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Abstract Aspects of the ecology and life history of the little known theraphosid Nesiergus insulanus are determined on Frégate Island in the Seychelles archipelago. The general behaviour of this species is revealed to be comparable to that of other theraphosids, with field and captive observations establishing that they are a generalist and opportunistic species. The defensive behaviour of the species is determined to be based primarily on the avoidance of conflict situations, with overt aggressive behaviour seldom displayed. Although the opportunistic existence that this species has developed is probably obligatory due to their sedentary lifestyle and limited availability of resources, this behaviour nonetheless allows the species to occupy diverse habitats and exploit niches unavailable to more specialized species.

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Jensen, Susanne Plesner. "Ecology and behaviour of small mammals on expanded field margins." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336050.

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Retraubun, Alex S. W. "Food gathering and associated behaviour of three macrobenthic deposit feeders." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262464.

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Whitfield, Douglas Philip. "Social organisation and feeding behaviour of wintering turnstone (Arenaria interpres)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14660.

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Gordon, Jonathan Charles David. "The behaviour and ecology of sperm whales off Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329052.

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Appleby, Bridget Marion. "The behaviour and ecology of the tawny owl Strix aluco." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308633.

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Pothanikat, R. M. E. "The behaviour and ecology of Munida rugosa and Munida sarsi." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426581.

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Crean, Stephanie Ruth. "The behaviour and ecology of the European eel, Anguilla(L.)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397901.

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Catry, Paulo X. "Ecology and behaviour of Great Skuas breeding on Foula (Shetland)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388551.

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Park, Kirsty Janet. "Roosting ecology and behaviour of four temperate species of bat." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244877.

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Staniland, Iain John. "The feeding ecology and behaviour of whiting (Merlangius merlangus L.)." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34239.

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The development of multispecies fisheries models has led to a need for improved information on the diet composition and consumption rates of fish. This study was an attempt to investigate the feeding ecology of whiting, with an emphasis on how the fishes' behaviour might influence its diet. Analysing the stomach contents of North Sea whiting, found that as whiting increased in size they switched from a crustacean, to a fish dominated diet, and the average size of prey eaten increased. Smaller trawl caught whiting were found to have a higher instance of regurgitation. The whiting appeared to be exploiting one prey species in an area. The majority of fish stomachs sampled at a station contained the same prey type. Studies showed that sandeels were evacuated from the stomachs of whiting at a higher rate than prawns. When fed in combination the evacuation rate of sandeels increased, and the rate of prawns decreased. It was postulated that these evacuation rate changes could be because of stomach packing and/or the prawns' abrasive exoskeleton. Video analysis of whiting feeding on shrimp studied the effects of changing the predator to prey size ratio, stomach fullness and experience. As the predator to prey size ratio increased the handling time decreased, and probability of successfully eating a shrimp increased. As the fish gut filled up the probability of a strike being successful decreased and handling time increased. With increasing experience the hunting sequence of the fish became simplified and the probability of a strike being successful increased. Results from the video analysis were used to develop a stochastic dynamic program of whiting feeding. The program was used to model the optimal prey choices of whiting feeding on two sizes of shrimp. In the model the probability of success was found to be the most important factor in determining the optimal shrimp size. The time spent in handling the shrimp was also found to be important. It was concluded that a more behavioural approach could help in understanding why fish eat what they do and aid investigations into the problems of fish species interactions.

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Moyo, Ropafadzo Kelebuhile. "Ecology and behaviour of burrowing prawns and their burrow symbionts." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13257.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Ecosystem engineers play important roles as determinants of community dynamics by modulating resource availability for other species. Marine soft-sediment ecosystems are dominated by burrowing engineers which indirectly create biogenic structures that often attract other species, often leading to the evolution of symbiotic relationships. Engineered structures provide non-trophic (e.g. refuge) and trophic functions (e.g. food) for burrow symbionts, however, the relative importance of these functions for symbionts is poorly understood. The behavioural interactions between burrowing engineers and their burrow symbionts are also poorly understood, mainly due to the difficulty in conducting behavioural observations in situ. This study aimed to enhance our understanding of the ecological processes and behavioural interactions underlying symbiotic relationships between a dominant South African ecosystem engineer (Callianassa kraussi) and its burrow symbiont (Betaeus jucundus) in soft sediment systems in Langebaan Lagoon. The study specifically quantified the relative importance of host abundance (a proxy for non-trophic functions) and food availability (trophic functions) provided by burrows of C. kraussi in influencing the abundance and distribution of B. jucundus. The second aim was to quantify behavioural changes of C. kraussi in the presence and absence of the symbiont B. jucundus and determine if the sex of C. kraussi influences its behavioural response to B. jucundus. Results indicate that at a patch scale, trophic functions (food availability) provided by burrows was more important than non-trophic functions in determining symbiont abundance and distribution. However, at an ecosystem scale, non-trophic functions could be a very important determinant of symbiont abundance and distribution. In terms of behavioural interactions, the presence of B. jucundus elicited three distinct behavioural responses from C. kraussi: intolerance, semitolerance and tolerance. In the absence of B. jucundus, there was no difference between male and female C. kraussi behaviour but this pattern changed in the presence of B. jucundus. Overall, the study has contributed to increasing our understanding of ecological processes that determine the abundance and distribution of burrow symbionts in marine soft-sediments as well as behavioural interactions between burrowers and their symbionts.

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Herr, Jan. "Ecology and Behaviour of Urban Stone Martens (Martesfoina) in Luxembourg." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486993.

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The stone marten (MarIes foina) is common throughout continental Europe where it often occurs in urban environments. Conflicts between humans and martens arise when the animals den under the roofs of inhabited buildings or damage car engine components. The aims ofmy study were (a) to provide a general description of the ecology and behaviour ofurban stone martens and (b) to formulate management recommendations based on these data. I radio tracked 13 stone martens in two toWIis in southern Luxembourg. Individuals were followed at night to provide information about ranging and territorial behaviour, and fixes were taken during the day to provide information about den sites. I also radio tracked five translocated martens in order to assess the usefulness oftranslocation as a management tool. .The socio-spatial organisation of urban martens was based on clear intrasexual territoriality. Territories were generally smaller than those previously recorded in rural areas and activities were almost entirely restricted to urban habitat. Urban martens were completely nocturnal ,and their activity rhythms were adapted to achieve temporal avoidance ofhumans and traffic. Martens deIUled almost exclusively in buildings. Most deIUling was in uninhabited buildings during summer, autUfIU1 and spring but there was a marked shift towards inhabited buildings in winter. There was also a clear seasonal pattern in martens' use of roads and cars. This, together with observations of scent marking ofcars, suggests that car damage is linked to the species' territorial behaviour. I review possible explanations for my results and conclude that in most respects martens are typical 'urban adapters'. I suggest various recommendations for human-marten conflict management in light of-my findings

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46

Ritter, Ron. "Behaviour and land usage of water dependent herbivores in arid grasslands." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357606.

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47

Catto, Colin M. C. "Aspects of ecology and behaviour of the serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358116.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the ecology and behaviour of the serotine bat, a widely distributed and little studied European species. The composition and social structure of maternity colonies were determined during three breeding seasons. No adult males were found in any maternity colonies. A total of 209 adult females were caught and 71 individuals were recaptured in the same and/or subsequent years. Only one female was reproductively active in all three years. Of all females caught, 66% were reproductively active and 34% were reproductively inactive. Twelve percent of the females caught were nulliparous. A total of 87 juvenile bats were caught. Births took place between the 29 June and the 6 July. There was a significant difference in body size between juvenile male and female bats and also in the body size of juveniles caught at different roosts at the same time of year. Activity patterns at a maternity roost were investigated by use of a remote monitoring system throughout a summer season. The activity patterns were unimodal during early pregnancy, bimodal during middle and late pregnancy and multimodal during lactation. The duration of the first flight decreased significantly during pregnancy as the parturition date approached and increased significantly as lactation progressed. Inclement weather inhibited or shortened the duration of flights. At weaning mothers sometimes used different day-roosts from their young. The behaviour of foraging serotines was investigated by radio-tracking. Reproductively active females were strongly philopatric to their day-roost and reproductively inactive females sometimes changed their day-roosts, moving up to 5 km. There was no movement of individuals between maternity colonies. White streetlamps were often used by foraging serotines and they were commonly found feeding close to accumulations of cattle dung in late summer. Foraging serotines were able to locate temporary concentrations of insects and they used three distinct foraging styles: hawking, flycatching and feeding on the ground.

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48

Stone, Richard E. "The ecology and behaviour of waterbirds in relation to human activity." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287430.

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Tarran, Glen Adam. "Aspects of grazing behaviour of the marine dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina, Dujardin." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385256.

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Weyman, Gabriel Simon. "The causative factors of aeronautic behaviour in spiders on arable farmland." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295748.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ecology and behaviour of oryx'

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