Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Écologie – Société'
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Paul, Jean-Luc. "Fonctionnement et dynamique d'évolution de la société Luguru (Tanzanie) en période précoloniale." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081473.
Full textThe functionning and the evolution of the luguru society in pre-colonial times (1750-1900) are described and analysed from the transdisdplinary marxist economical anthropology standpoint. The research rests on the study of oral traditions recollected by the author, in the field, and critically interpretated through various but articulated disciplinary approaches : history, ecology, agronomy, demography, socio-economics and economical and political anthropology. During the eighteenth century, migration movements took place from the eastern region of the nyasa lake, resulting in the peopling of the uluguru mountains. A wide pionneer front, made of numerous agricultural domestic groups progressively moved towards an north-eastern direction. These domestic groups were organised following preferential marital ties between pairs of clans. Peopling movements are reconstitued, taking into account agro-ecological constraints and political caracteristics of these corporate groups. The functionning of the luguru social system during this pionneer phase is analysed. The specificity of the luguru matrilocal and matrilineal system is put forwards. Although, as in many pre-colonial patrilineal african social systems, the rational of the strategies of social reproduction rests on organic relation between generations, the luguru society shows original patterns related to the political and economical power that women hold. Not patriarcal neither matriarcal, it can be qualified as an "ambiarcal" since authority is equally shared by both sexes. At last, the influences of exogenous factors (slave trade and mfecane) during the late nineteenth century are sketched
Adamiec, Camille. "Devenir sain : morales alimentaires, pratiques de santé et écologie de soi." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG035.
Full textBecoming wholesome is a dynamic way crossed by events, paradoxes and contradictions of everyday life. Norms to take care of yourself and your health are redefined in terms of food investments and the pleasures and limitations of flesh generate a redefinition of healthy, vulnerable and illness bodies. The construction of a health-food requires global individual thinking, conflict and creative obligations and generate an ecology of self. It affects all areas of life and gives the illusion to control the future. This qualitative research is based on individual and group interviews, as well as observations, collected stories and eaters practices. These eaters reveal the consequences of reflexive society where uncertainty defines the relation to knowledge and institutions. They express the requirements of orthorexic society and seek to transcend them
Codur, Anne-Marie. "La relation société-environnement dans une approche systémique : contribution à la définition du concept de développement durable." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0019.
Full textThis thesis proposes a theoretical framework for studying the society-environment relationship in a systemic perspective especially in the context of social systems that are closely dependant on their local environment, as is still the case for most rural communities in developing countries. Traditional analytical, quantitative approaches (using linear causalities) generally fail to explain the complexity of the relation between a society and its environment. This dissertation employs a dynamic interactive socio-ecological system (SES) model which represents the organization of the interface that links any society to its natural environment. Focusing on the institutional aspect of this interface, i argue that the relation between institutional design and ecosystemic properties is critical for sustainability. Sustainable institutional structures must be sensitive to physical factors which impose constraints on the exploitation of natural renewable resources (e. G. Variability and uncertainty in the availability of a resource in space, time and quantity, conditions of access, visibility, divisibility,. . ) I develop a typology of diverse ideal-types of SESs according to institutional responses to ecological constraints (especially in terms of appropriate institutional scales or regulation of access to resources). I illustrate this typology by examples of historically sustainable SESs in rural communities of Morocco and Tunisia. These communities are experiencing exogenous and endogenous changes or shocks (population pressure, institutional failures, openess to the market, conflicts between different institutional scales of regulation,. . . ) That are modifying the patterns of the socio-environment interface and can lead to ecological degradations if the necessary institutional adaptations fail to occur
Sauget, Nicole. "Agro-écosystème et société : la diversité des façons de produire des agriculteurs dans les coteaux de Gascogne." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100005.
Full textRivere, Marc. "Socio-histoire du vélo dans l'espace urbain : d'une écologie politique à une économie médiatique… : Toulouse, Genève, Saragosse." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20030.
Full textWhile it used to be quaint and unsuitable, it is now in free service and fashionable… Bicycles' recent renewal in urban spaces is the result of a process which was initiated during the 1970s under the influence of activists who claimed their belonging to the environmental wing of politics. This study seeks to understand how this « cause » was born and was then given recognition to eventually benefit to the new actors who, themselves, now vary its usages. As an entity which only makes sense in the public sphere, that is which claims a transformation of this very space and of its use to assert itself as a part of it, the bicycle highlights the enduring mutation of cities and of those who initiate it. Deliberately focusing on three cities where apathy towards a reconsideration of cars supremacy still dominates should help us understand the major role played by political, cultural, historical and economical facts in each city. Thus, studying the bicycle cause emphasises the contemporary expression of an ever changing society and allows a deeper comprehension of the evolutions of the public space for the past thirty years
Suchier, Johann. "Justification du système, idéologies et jugement social : étude de la modernisation écologique selon une perspective de psychologie sociale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0447.
Full textPositioning itself within a critical and societal approach to environmental issues, this thesis proposes to study, from the perspective of social psychology, a social science theory and a conception of environmental policies introduced in environmental sociology: Ecological Modernization (EM). This approach, hegemonic within the European institutions, can be conceptualized as a belief system legitimizing a certain conception of social order and can, therefore, be considered as an ideology. The latter would allow, at the same time, to recognize the existence of environmental problems and to argue that the current socio-economic systems have the capacity to deal with them without undergoing fundamental changes. In a first series of research, we mobilized the System Justification Theory (SJT), as well as the concept of social paradigm, in order to study the extent to which the EM could play the role of a social order legitimizing ideology at a psychological level. In a second series of research, we studied the normative dimension of EM. For this, we mobilized the socio-cognitive approach of norms in articulation with the SJT. This thesis underlines the interest of a social order reading grid for studies related to environmental issues. In this perspective, it invites us to no longer consider pro-environmental beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors as constituting a homogeneous block, but rather to situate them on a continuum according to the degree of social change that they imply
Ben, Abdallah Sondes. "La femme face à la société néolibérale : regards écocritiques, écoféministes et postcoloniaux sur la littérature italienne contemporaine." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30003.
Full textThis thesis addresses the presence of female characters in the contemporary Italian Novel from the viewpoint of care relationships, in relation to ecology and democracy. From an ecofeminist and postcolonial perspective, we attempt to study the relationship of the female protagonists of the contemporary Italian Novel to the 'places' they inhabit. Through the literary analysis of three essential novels, our work consists of showing the role of literature in the reinstatement of aesthetics in ethics by presenting women in literature as a symbol of resistance to the ecological crisis, to uprooting and unrestrained neoliberalism. In the vast panorama of contemporary Italian literature, we have chosen to get closer to these women who, like polluted or confiscated lands and colonized populations, are voiceless because they are subordinate to neoliberal culture. Studied from an ecofeminist, postcolonial point of view and according to the ethics of care, the image of the protagonist woman of the contemporary Italian novel can offer a new reading of the challenges facing current feminism. Marilina Labruna by Carmen Covito in La bruttina stagionata, Estrellita in L'Iguana by Anna Maria Ortese or immigrant women in contemporary Italy in the novels Amiche per la pelle by Laila Wadia, Adua d'Igiaba Scego and Pecore nere are all different expressions of democracy in the sense that they represent figures of resistance to uprooting and cultural assimilation
Boulard, Anaïs. "Un monde à habiter : imaginaire de la crise environnementale dans les fictions de l'Anthropocène." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0005/document.
Full textSome geologists argue that the Holocene, our current geological epoch, has now been replaced by the Anthropocene, a new geological time characterized by the irreversible impact of human activity on Earth. This scientific hypothesis is substantiated in large part by the environmental crisis striking the contemporary world. The many ways our environment is declining force us to question the current chances for the planet, and thus humanity, to survive. In the last decades, many works within northern occidental culture have been reflecting this troubling reality through fictitious scenarios. This network of numerous and diverse representations participate in building a social “imaginary” (the French concept of “imaginaire”) of the environmental crisis.This study focuses on such representation in literature by comparing eight novels from France, Canada and the United States, deeming them as « fictions of the Anthropocene ». It investigates what, in fact, contemporary fictions contribute to the social imaginary of the environmental crisis. The works this study concentrates on use common themes such as pollution or global warming, but also elaborate fictitious scenarios which imagine possible futures for an endangered world. Such works depict how the environmental crisis is related to the way we, as humans, dwell in the world. Within this context, it becomes convincingly apparent that the current environmental crisis is profoundly affecting humans individually and collectively. The elaborate writing and the corresponding imaginary of these works confirm the relevance of literary narratives when considering the question of human survival in the Anthropocene
Pesses, Abigaël. "Les Karen : Horizons d'une population frontière. Mises en scène de l'indigénisme et écologie en Thaïlande." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370779.
Full textMannisi, Alban. "La médiation environnementale en aménagement du territoire dans la société civile au Japon : pour une philosophie politique du paysage." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100027.
Full textSince the 1970s, international conventions have reinforced the involvement of civil societies in the development of their territories. In Japan, this phenomenon was accelerated further to the Kōbe earthquake in 1995. In 1998, it led to the NPO (Non Profitable Organization), which consolidated the role of civil society in the stakeholders' territory. This thesis analyzes the mechanisms of civil society engagement and the use of mediators who rely on the specific relation between Japanese society and its environment (Japanese milieu), and investigates the emergence of new forms of territorial governance. In order to answer this problematic, we first study the emergence of the role of civil society through mediation in territorial planning in Japan, showing how these phenomena are partly based on certain logics, but also on international developments. Then, from the study of three practices of mediators of social engineering: KUWAKO Toshio (Philosopher), YAMAZAKI Ryō (Landscape Architect) and KOIZUMI Hideki (Urban Planner), it is observed how the techniques of mediations inspired part of foreign techniques are assimilated and readjusted to meet the needs of Japanese society. This thesis explains the porosity between autochthony and the transfer of methods of international governance. It highlights how the international will to involve civil societies is part of the logic of the Japanese milieu. In conclusion, an attempt to put into perspective the data of the thesis is sought from the statement of a political philosophy of landscape
Harpet, Cyrille. "Trilogie du déchet : corps, ville, indutrie." Lyon 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO31018.
Full textGarbage is considered as something obtained in three different ways. The first one from the body in terms of organic matter system involving perception-representation patterns and opened onto rituals and practices. Besides language is used as a specific propper as far as ways of discriminating organic elements. It enables us to find out the connections realized in terms of repulsion/attraction towards the body and its parts. It so brings forth the notion of a body all the time seen as a symbolization. For examples, in medecine, anthropology, psychopathology but also in literary works, one can find out principles as well as main converging lines expressed through those sciences in terms of discriminative process of excremential abjection. The second system is that of the city through history. It implies the reinscription of any man's body inside a social body and connects it to all the process involving proscription, exclusion (urbanistically, socially and politically speaking). The town is also involved through its different places and dump spaces as sewers, dumps, garbage, slums, considered as many centers of corruption. Thirdly, means of garbage treatment from consuming activities and industrial production appear as a real specialised activity sector dealing with far ahead techniques. In it, garbage is thought as something taken in the regulation of flow controls in the present and further on the line (just to know what will become of it materially speaking). Then, slowly leaving behind its excremential value to reach a more and more complex materiological level because of technological progress garbage must be thought for its own condition, identification, conjuration and treatment implying a new deal such as social health protection, environment and the future of man
Carré, Marie-Noëlle. "Gouverner la métropole par les déchets : Service urbain, action publique territoriale et écologie urbaine à Buenos Aires." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01054708.
Full textLarrue, Sébastien. "La dynamique des milieux et des paysages sur la marge nord-est du Parc national du Niokolo-Koba : un indicateur de rupture entre le milieu et la société mandingue (Sénégal oriental) ?" Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30023.
Full textThe Niokolo-Koba National Park was created in 1926. In 1969, some villagers were expelled from the lands where they had lived and relocated on the fringe of the national park. That step was in keeping with a policy of "hard protection" of biodiversity and a disregard for the Malinke community, which was considered as incapable of managing the environment without degrading it. Nevertheless, what we call "nature" here is the result of a complex coevolution of the Malinke community and their environment, a coevolution of which plant formations are both an interface and a signature. The "savannahs" or dry forests result from a recolonizing by ligneous plants of previously cultivated areas, the diversity and physionomy of which are conditioned by bushfires and the duration of the fallow period. These are environments which have been "domesticated" over the years. The land use restrictions linked with the national park development and the limitations imposed by the preservation of the Diambour classified forest have brought about a shortage of arable land in some places. These conditions have forced the local populations to reduce the duration of the fallow period and have brought about the disappearance of fallow areas. The existence of protected areas generally leads to a transformation of attitudes, thereby modifying society's perception of the environment. All these factors have served to impoverish the forest, which has given way to unexceptional landscapes following the loss of several types of sudanian plant formations
Ros, Elodie. "Le Réseau de l’Économie Alternative et Solidaire (REAS) : pratique militante, forme d’engagement et projet politique dans le mouvement de l’économie solidaire en France (1990-2000)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080037/document.
Full textThis work is the result of empirical research conducted on a French network for an alternativeeconomy named REAS and its defenders. The aim is to study the origins of its program usingthe history and backgrounds of its campaigners as a starting point. From 1990 to 1998, theREAS has tried to bring together various initiatives of solidarity-based economic systems inorder to push its political program to the forefront of the public debate.We have wondered whether this program and the militancy which characterizes it were butthe translation of a propensity for activism truly Christian in origin or whether it ratherstemmed from the coming together of various traditions of militancy.A reconstruction of the individual backgrounds of activists from the REAS was possiblethanks to field research, based on a close study of the archives and the periodical which thenetwork published but most importantly on about sixty interviews held with members of theREAS. The research has proven that each age group (under 35, aged 35 to 45 and over 45years old) was characterized by its own specific dynamics and form of militancy.The older members bring with them a leftwing Christian dimension which the intermediateage group politicizes while the younger members contribute to daily awareness and localintegration. The political program of REAS and its members’ militancy can therefore bedefined as an elective affinity bringing together three originally distinct groups. Therefore, ifthe influence and dynamics of each group may be felt, the program for REAS can only bedefined through their combination. Nevertheless, elective affinity theoretically only happensbetween two elements. The possibility of elective affinity happening between three elementsseems unprecedented and would deserve closer inspection
Meyer, Jean-Yves. "Mécanismes d'invasion de "Miconia calvescens Dc. " en Polynésie française." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20220.
Full textLuglia, Rémi. "L'émergence de la protection de la nature en France (1854-1939) : la Société d’acclimatation, témoin et acteur du courant naturaliste." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0011.
Full textHe aim of this thesis is to explain the emergence of the conservation of nature in France from the mid-19th century while highlighting the naturalists a specific movement. The ‘Société d’Acclimatation’ was born in 1854 with the utilitarian idea that nature is submitted to man’s needs. It knows a Golden Age before being deeply touched, from the 1880’s, by an internal crisis which favors the arrival of Edmond Perrier as the chairman, a truly convinced conservationist, speeds up at the same time its reorientation towards the conservation of nature. From the beginning, many ways lead a great number of members to a kind of conservation mainly thought from a metropolitan point of view of the situation. From a scientific hands-on approach mixing professionals and amateurs, a new scientific, ecosystemic and biocentred conception of the conservation of nature emerges. The ‘Société’ relies on the state to set up this conservation, successive failures lead it gradually to the more direct action of creating natural reserves. This slow movement becomes effective through the individualisation of an ornithological sub group (‘Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux’) and the preservation in 1912 of the Sept-Îles, the organisation of the first two international congresses for the conservation of nature in Paris in 1923 and 1931, the creation of the sanctuaries in Camargue in 1927, of Néouvielle in 1935 and of Lauzanier in 1936 as well as a group dedicated to the conservation of nature in 1933. The transformation ends after WWII when the ‘Société d'Acclimatation’ becomes the ‘Société nationale de protection de la nature’
Kohler, Yann. "Réseaux écologiques en régions alpines : une approche comparée de la mise en oeuvre d'un principe d'aménagement par la préservation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENH013.
Full textThe concept of “ecological networks” emphasises the importance of ecological connectivity between different natural areas. As a result of the historical evolutions of nature conservation practices and new scientific evidence this concept provides a new approach to nature protection. Numerous initiatives of “ecological networks” exist worldwide and also in the Alps. They are evidence of this new conception of nature protection going beyond the conservation of single species aiming the protection of functioning ecosystems. The implementation of this concept is analysed in three alpine regions in Germany, Switzerland and France. In these regions various different initiatives are overlapping one another generating interrogations concerning the coordination and cooperation between the different scales, actors, actions and related aims. In addition to the pure ecological impacts the creation of ecological networks seems to offer a particular potential going beyond the general objectives related to nature protection. These additional casual effects are in the centre of this research: the potential of the tool to mobilise various categories of different actors, the particular possibilities of regional governance, the prospective and existing links with spatial planning. The concept of ecological networks has completely changed nature protection practice inducing modifications of the perception of nature by society and therefore of the relation between society and nature
Mat, Nicolas. "Dynamiques de transition dans les territoires portuaires : apport de l’écologie industrielle et territoriale aux processus d’adaptation vers une société bas-carbone." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMSE0799/document.
Full textOne of the major issues facing our industrialized societies is the energy transition, which induces major industrial and social transformations. Port and harbor areas, which are strategic places concerning import and transformation of fossil fuels, concentrate these industrial challenges, dealing with mitigation of emissions of greenhouse gases and diversification of energy mix. By mobilizing the theoretical frameworks of industrial ecology and complexity, this PhD work aims to better understand and characterize current adaptation process developed within these territories. In this work, we consider the industrial, urban and agricultural subsystems present in a port area. When doing this, the port area is proving to be a formidable field of experimentation of new practices based on greater cooperation between players at the crossroads between a global circular economy and a local industrial ecology. Starting from an international feedback which enabled the identification of different territorial organization models, this research then compared the socio-ecological evolution of three European and Asian port areas. If the dynamics of metropolisation seem to appear as a constant in most of these large coastal areas, it also contributes to the whole complexity of the port territorial matrix. Indeed, new organizational approaches now complement technological developments. In the third part, the study of the port area of Marseille-Fos has enabled to highlight a phenomenon of functional interactions operated within the territory for the benefit of its gradual transition to a low-carbon society
Botero, Garcia Nataly. "Enjeux écologiques et imaginaires de la consommation. Analyse sémio-discursive de la presse écrite." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0013.
Full textIn view of the ecological infringements generated by the economic paradigms,those do not seem any more bearable. However since a few years, the ecologicalproblems began to crystallize in modes of consumption, values, practices andimaginaries associated to measure and sobriety.We attempt to study this change of paradigm through the media coverage of theenvironmental stakes in France. Our aim it’s to exanimate the words and the speech ofthe ecological problems in the French press: national daily newspapers (non-specializedpress) and associative and ecologist magazines (specialized press).The main objective of this research is to analyze and to understand the emergenceof speeches and representations which participate in the construction of a newsociocultural imaginaries
Bahers, Jean-Baptiste. "Dynamiques des filières de récupération-recyclage et écologie territoriale : l'exemple de la filière de traitement des déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques (DEEE) en Midi-Pyrénées." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711199.
Full textHagel, Zoé. "Ville durable : Des concepts aux réalisations, les coulisses d'une fabrique urbaine. Marseille ou l'exemple d'une ville méditerranéenne." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00941066.
Full textFlipo, Fabrice. "Statut et portée de l'écologie politique : Contribution à une anthropologie de la globalisation et de la modernité." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957817.
Full textRiachi, Roland. "Institutions et régulation d'une ressource naturelle dans une société fragmentée : Théorie et applications à une gestion durable de l'eau au Liban." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979509.
Full textJoncoux, Steve. "Les "produits résiduaires organiques" pour une intensification écologique de l'agriculture : ressources, déchets ou produits ? : sociologie des formats de valorisation agricole." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989973.
Full textKaspar, Roxane. "La mise en œuvre des aménagements de peine en Franche-Comté : un processus actionné par l'organisation de la chaîne judiciaire et pénitentiaire et une approche du système nature - individualité - société." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA1004.
Full textThe implementation of the sentence adjustment in Franche-Comté is proving to be a multidimensional object of research. It unfolds simultaneously in several sociological dimensions. First, it is part of a global and societal context and of a national legislative framework. Second, it is realized within local territories, distinct geographies and specific infrastructures. Third, there is due to the presence and action of different groups of actors with particular characteristics. Fourth, it is driven by the individualities, all as unique as each other, forming these groups of actors. In short, the implementation of the sentence adjustment is undoubtedly a human, organizational and social object.By conducting research - both empirical and theoretical - architectured by these dimensions, it is possible to penetrate the heart of the object studied. The survey focused on the seven francs-comtois sites of the implementation of the sentence adjustment led to perceive this implementation as a process driven by the judiciary and penitentiary chain. Being structured and arranged, this chain takes the form of an organization. The judiciary and penitentiary chain is also an organization extended by connecting external groups (partners) necessary for its optimal operation. In carrying out this process, the organization takes singularly charge of person placed in judicial custody. It demonstrates a social mobilization whose purpose is to rework the Nature-Individuality-Society system
Tolle, Florian. "Paysage et risque sanitaire - Le cas de l'echinococcose alvéolaire. Approche multiscalaire." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921335.
Full textCardona, Aurélie. "L'agriculture à l'épreuve de l'écologisation : éléments pour une sociologie des transitions." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0132.
Full textIn spite of measures aiming to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, changes in farming practices remain modest while societal concerns continue to rise. The environmental mission assigned to agriculture is complex and subject to interpretation. The growing number of diverse stakeholders turning their attention to farming increases the demands placed on agriculture. In this context, the goal of this thesis is first, to understand how a diversity of agricultural and non-agricultural stakeholders involve themselves in transition processes towards more environmentally-soundagriculture and second, to understand the effect of their involvement on farmers practices. To achieve this, I relied on a pragmatic approach wich highlights "frictions", as well as "holdfasts" used by stakeholders and makes it possible to give a faithful account of their interpretations and experience of transition processes. Based on a socio-historical analysis and three case-studies from the Paris region, I characterized, first, the conditions of the emergence of movements promoting change in agriculture practices, second, the enrollment processes throught wich the issue of transition makes sense and, third, the changes in terms of both agricultural practices and forms of governance of those changes as well. The study shows that transition processes emerge as the result of adjustements between diverse stakeholders embedded in different communities. This analysis suggests the emergence of a "territoire-based contribution" model of change, where a diversity of stakeholders contributes by their discourse and actions to the ecologization of agriculture in their territoire
Ngo, Anh Tu. "Evaluation environnementale du risque d'inondation dans le delta du fleuve Ha Thanh (centre Viêt-Nam)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE1129.
Full textLocated in South-Central Vietnam, the port city of Quynhon is the capital city of the Binhdinh province. The city undergoes a rapid expansion since the end of the Vietnam war (1975). Urban spread changes land use patterns in the Ha Thanh river delta. The Ha Thanh river hydrologic regime has not been thoroughly studied so far. However, it is susceptible to flash flood during the frequent typhoon events. Because urban development multiplies exposed buildings within the floodplain, the present dissertation aims at providing a better knowledge of flood hazard and vulnerability in the delta for better risk management. For this purpose, an environmental and geomatic assessment is conducted to identify flood speed and expanse on the one hand, and draw a hazard exposure map on the other hand. This dissertation also analyses the environmental manipulations of the river and its watershed that impact its hydrological regime
Bawedin, Vincent. "La Gestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières (GIZC) confrontée aux dynamiques territoriales dans le bassin d'Arcachon et sur la côte picarde." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431534.
Full textNentwig, Anne-Cecile. "Sociologie des musiciens traditionnels amateurs : Pratiques musicales et style de vie." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00733932.
Full textGollain, Françoise. "Pensée écologique et critique du travail dans une perspective gorzienne." Orléans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ORLE1027.
Full textThis thesis argues the necessity of an eco-socialist critique of work. This critique requires sustained reference to the concept of limits - limits to be imposed on the domination of market ideology productivism and the work ethic because of their destructive impact at both a social and ecological level, and their undermining of the individual's ability to be in control of their everyday life. Hence our rejection of a narrow environmentalist or ecocentric standpoint in favour of a marxist and humanistic approach as found in the perspective of André Gorz. Gorz's writings invite us to place an emancipatory project at the heart of the analysis of the present crisis of work based on a dual representation of society [heteronomy/autonomy (Illich), system/lifeworld (Habermas)], they establish the fundamental dichotomy between work and life due to the functional logic of work in a modem capitalist economy. On this basis, it can be argued that a critique of waged-work must be rooted in a concern for the preservation and extension of people's existential autonomy, as opposed to a mere functional autonomy within work. The study of the most recent developments in work practices precisely reveal that personality is being utilised to an unprecedented level and autonomy is being instrumentalised, alongside a massive and systematic reduction in the global need for labour. We are therefore in favour of a radical transformation towards a post waged-society, to be brought about through a series of reforms : massive and permanent redistribution of labour through a reduction in working hours, a guaranteed minimun income and the development of non marked-based economic practices and alternative forms of social interaction
Baudouin, Valentin. "Étude juridique sur les petites et moyennes sociétés commerciales en transition écologique : l'entreprise sobre en contribution à une nouvelle approche de la RSE." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAA003.
Full textBusiness is an ambiguous idea of freedom, it is as much a vehicule of progress as a risk. The current ecological crisis is leading enterprises to take into account the effects of economic activity on society and environment. Pressured by new social standards, enterprises are led to change their conduct, especially through a societal and environmental responsibility approach. Then, it is the commercial company – the legal entity of the enterprise, not defined by french law – that is questioned in its definition and its social function. This is reflected in the recent reform of the french commercial company contract to consider social and environmental issues. It’s mainly the adoption of voluntary commitments that contributes to a change in the commercial company through the elaboration by private law persons of soft-law, i.e. norms devoid of coercion. As a post-modern law phenomenom, voluntary commitments lead the company to raise its standard behaviour to a higher degree of responsibility than de lege lata law, may succeed to the engagement of its legal liability. Also, the development of the social and solidarity economy’s corporate forms and the emergence of enterprises inspired by foreign models are a first breach in the classical commercial company approach. Noting the inadequacy of CSR and the corporate forms of responsible commercial companies to really take into account environmental issues, it is proposed to conceptualize a « sober enterprise ». A reflection on sobriety, an emerging legal concept, is carried out on the basis of the terminology already present in the legislation. The juridical definition of sobriety and more precisely, what constitutes sober behaviour, must make it possible to provide support for the integration of the environment into the enterprise. Or for the judge, to characterize the legal standard of sober behaviour. Instruments for characterizing sober behaviour are considered through a review of the elements of the commercial company contract (associate, contribution, profit, social purpose and social interest). These developments are raised in a dynamic of change of the the commercial company and should highlight the need to define the enterprise : both on its social function and to reach to satisfy common interests
Foucault, Yann. "Réhabilitation écologique et gestion durable d’un site industriel urbain : cas d’une pollution historique en éléments inorganiques potentiellement toxiques (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Sb et As." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0090/document.
Full textRehabilitation of brownfields in urban areas is a major challenge for the sustainable development of cities. Management and conversion of these sites, imposed by regulation, however, require the development of tools for environmental risk assessment and health and sustainable remediation techniques. This thesis focused on the establishment of multidisciplinary tools for the sustainable management of polluted site, with the particular case of rehabilitation recycling of lead batteries with a mainly historical lead pollution and other inorganic pollutants (Cd, Sb, As, Cu and Zn), currently defined as Metal Trace Elements (MTE). While trying to answer questions of applied research, this work has sought to investigate the mechanisms involved in the soil-plant pollutants to strengthen the consideration of the overall quality of soil management for industrial sites. In addition to the tools and procedures conventionally used to assess, control and reduce environmental and health risks caused by polluted soils; measures of bioavailability (plants and humans) and ecotoxicity (different bioassays: inhibition of the mobility of Daphnia magna, Microtox® and induction of bioluminescent bacteria and microbiology) have been developed with the aim to refine the classification of contaminated soils in terms of dangerousness. Moreover, green manure plants (borage, phacelia and mustard), commonly used in agriculture or by gardeners because they improve the bio-physico-chemical properties of soils with a root system and a large production of root exudates were tested for re-functionalization of polluted soils. Finally, the mechanisms involved in the fate of pollutants in the rhizosphere and their microorganisms in the plant were studied. The main results provide some answers and ways of improving the management of soils contaminated by metals and metalloids. (1) First, the size separation for soil fractions allows a significant reduction in tonnages of contaminated material and therefore costs for the landfill excavated soil with a gain result in terms of ecological footprint. (2) Then, calculation for the differents polluted soil samples of eco-scores based on the results of ecotoxicity tests can discriminate more accurately compared to physicochemical parameters required by the regulations. Differences in sensitivity were observed depending on the nature of the bioassay, the origin of the sample, physico-chemical properties and total concentrations of pollutants. (3) Unlike phacelia, borage and mustard improve soil respiration, ecotoxicity and reduce theamount of bioaccessible and total lead in soil, respectively by phytostabilisation and storage in roots (Pb, Sb) or phytoextraction and storage in aerial parts. Further, these plants could be field tested for use in phytoremediation of brownfields and gardens moderately polluted. Depending on the nature of the metal, the type of soil and plant, compartmentalization and speciation of the pollutant differ, and in conjunction with agronomic characteristics of soil and rhizosphere microbial activity. Molecular screening and meta-analysis of microbial genomics have enabled highlight differences in bacterial communities studied by species and growing conditions
Diouf, Aliou. "Interactions société, nature et climat au Sahel : la rupture socio-économique et écologique au Centre-Est agro-sylvopastoral sénégalais au XXe siècle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25853/25853.pdf.
Full textBuchheit, Pauline. "Le recueil de multiples finalités de l'environnement en amont d'un diagnostic de vulnérabilité et de résilience : Application à un bassin versant au Laos." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IAVF0008.
Full textLao PDR is a landlocked country with low population density, which stands nowadays in a process of regional economic integration, after suffering wars related to decolonization and Cold War during several decades. A very fast economic growth, based on the development of infrastructures of transport and natural resource exploitation, has led to large differentiated impacts on populations and their resource based livelihoods. The concepts of resilience and vulnerability have been used in different disciplines to analyze and manage the dynamics of geographical areas and social groups facing rapid and uncertain changes. Both concepts are used within a variety of frameworks of analysis of society-environment relationships. While all reviewed frameworks take into account multiple scales of analysis in order to tackle the complexity of the studied phenomena, they do not, however, assess vulnerability and resilience at the same scales. In particular, some frameworks are actor-centered, while others are system-centered. The scale and limit of the socioecological system whose resilience or vulnerability is assessed depend on the issues that the authors want to tackle. Before such an assessment, it seems necessary to identify the issues of resilience and vulnerability that we want to address. This task should not be taken over by scientists alone, but by other stakeholders as well. The question is: how can we incorporate multiple viewpoints in the system design? For this, our framework considers a socioecological system both as a specific representation of the environment offered by a stakeholder, and as a set of elements contributing to one function. This system is organized in a hierarchy of levels of observation, in which each level corresponds to an intermediary function. We developed and tested a process to collect system representations of the environment from various stakeholders, that is to say, the way they structure a socioecological system that makes sense to them, according to the purposes that they assign to their environment. This approach has been tested in the catchment area of the Nam Lik river, Fuang district, Vientiane province, where the Nam Lik 1-2 hydropower dam was built in 2010. A series of workshops were held with residents of the study area, employees of local government and Lao National University teachers. At the earliest stage of a vulnerability or resilience assessment in the field study, this thesis proposes a reflection on the possible framings of these concepts, as well as methods to collect them from multiple stakeholders
Mathelin, Eric. "Les lacs insulaires du sud-ouest de l'océan indien, un enjeu pour la gestion durable de la ressource en eau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE1133.
Full textThe island lake constitutes an absolutely original geographical subject with its isolate system. It is a truefresh water reserve, that is more or less wide, inside narrow island areas dominated by a seaenvironment. Those lakes, which are from natural or anthropological origin, are inscribed in the complexproblem of the water resources of those narrow territories, that are subject to growing constraints –demography, urbanization, pollutions... Composed of very different islands, the South West of the IndianOcean makes up a privileged territory for a comparative analysis of those lakes and their place insideisland societies. First of all this work has allowed to list and classify the main bodies of water in the area.From a sample of lakes, their specificities have been examined to characterize their morphologies –lakeside depression and supply basin – their water performances and their ecosystem. This analysis hasallowed to highlight the mountainous and tropical dimensions and the weight of those lakes' endemism.Their typicality appears thanks to the intersecting of the components that can be added to the islandcontext in which the hydric stress imposes specific exploitation. The study of the actors, the managementpolicies and the island situation has allowed to better comprehend the place of the lake in the societies inthe South West of the Indian Ocean. Indeed those lakes, which have long been marginalized compared tothe coast, have progressively become an asset and a true medium to the development of those territories.The contrast of exploitations from a lake to another imposes a long-term reflection so that thepotentialities of those water bodies fit the sustainable needs of island populations
Seror, Patricia. "Impact du marketing sociétal sur le comportement du consommateur : essai de conceptualisation de la consommation solidaire." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOE004.
Full textDournel, Sylvain. "L'eau, miroir de la ville : contribution à l'étude de la requalification urbaine des milieux fluviaux et humides (Bassin parisien, Amiens, Orléans)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE1128.
Full textMany agglomerations are engaged in sustainable urban policies, focusing on lifestyle, development of green space, social melting-pot and local identity. With these objectives in mind urban areas, originally built beside water, find ready-made sites in their catchment area rivers and wetlands to apply and experiment large projects. These will be studied under the name of “urban requalification”. The diversity in policy approach, evident amongst the greater metropolitan area of Paris, shows variability in the concrete manifestations and end results.The recent re-discovery of waterways in the city comes after many years of planners turning their back on it. Therefore a geohistorical approach to the links between the city and it’s wetlands is required. This will allow the urban requalification process to be integrated into a perennial heritage strategy which prioritises a focus on landscape. This study, of Amiens and Orleans situation, highlights the singular configuration between the landscaping of the wetland and the history of urban centres.The interaction between the different actors, essentially within the public sector sphere, engaged in urban requalification of wetlands will be examined. In fact, the specificity of wetlands functions obliges a reassessment of the tools and procedures of urban management as well as the various modes of governance. Consequently the place of water in urban strategy needs to be defined, the translation onsite described and the attractiveness potential through communication campaigns and public events outlined
Tironi, Martin. "La ville comme expérimentation : le cas du Vélib' à Paris." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00946789.
Full textGaritte, Gilles. "Les torrents de la vallée de la Clarée (Hautes Alpes, France). Évolution contemporaine, dynamique actuelle et analyse géographique des risques associés." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121513.
Full textCette étude fondée sur différentes approches in situ (topométrie, analyse géomorphologique) et diachroniques des cônes de déjection et des lits torrentiels, a permis d'effectuer un diagnostic du comportement actuel des torrents de la basse vallée de la Clarée mais aussi d'en étudier l'évolution depuis la fin du 19ème siècle. En effet, comme ailleurs dans les Alpes, les torrents de la vallée de la Clarée ont connu depuis 150 ans une mutation de leur physionomie marquée par un ajustement morphologique suite au tarissement sédimentaire causé par les modifications environnementales post-PAG. Nos travaux ont permis de souligner le caractère essentiellement spontané de l'ajustement morphologique des torrents dans le secteur étudié. Or, si du point de vue socio-économique, la vallée de la Clarée est longtemps restée en marge de l'essor économique qu'ont connu les stations de sport d'hiver voisines, les communes de la vallée connaissent depuis maintenant une trentaine d'année, une lente reconversion socio-économique marquée par l'émergence du tourisme. Cela a conduit à une évolution des modes de gestion du risque torrentiel qui privilégie désormais la mise en place de vastes systèmes de correction torrentielle sur les cônes de déjection. L'apparent assagissement des torrents, conjugué à l'augmentation de la pression foncière, a favorisé l'aménagement progressif des cônes de déjection torrentiels. Dans le contexte actuel de réchauffement global, les modifications du comportement dynamique des torrents pourraient alors avoir des conséquences notables en terme de risque torrentiel.
Jallot, Luc. "Milieux, sociétés et peuplement au Néolithique final en Languedoc méditerranéen." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30070.
Full textStudies of populating of the Mediterranean Languedoc during the fourth and third millennia participate of a dynamic environment marked by the influence of agro-pastoralists on the natural environment. This action occurs in a relatively stable climate. The long history of research on prehistoric societies in southern France shows the various heritage from which benefit the current interdisciplinary work and also the large amount of data which are based on stratigraphic context knowledge. The housing environment, the territories, the cultural facts offer a frame for definition in ongoing changes about the population dynamics. This studies joint the radical change of the scales of observation it keeps pace with the development of the preventive archaeology, in he low plain of Languedoc, with an important change of the methodological practices. By taking into account the data on the housing environment, natural places and artefacts, this researches offert new perspectives about local and global change of last neolithic in Europe. Recordings of excavations to go to the sociohistoric models, we pass by the evolution of the environment, archaeologist try to bring an answer to the questioning touching the structure of the society and the conditions which cause the fall of the populating at the end of the third millennium in Languedoc. In contradiction with the academic thesis, the study of the end of the Neolithic show not linear developments, a variety géoculturelle, an a using of the violence and to the exchangein political purposes, and gradual effect on the natural environment
Larroque, Claire. "La gestion des déchets par les sociétés industrielles au regard de la problématique environnementale : enjeux éthiques, sociaux et politiques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H229.
Full textThis thesis aims at examining the ethical, social and political issues raised by waste management of industrialized societies. Philosophical analyses of waste management generally adopt a symbolic approach that tends, in one hand, to ignore political and social issues and, on the other hand, to disregard the human-nature relation since environmental issues of waste management are limited to technical sphere. Yet, I suggest that this dual approach must be criticized and question the idea that technicians should deal with the waste treatment while philosophers (or sociologists) should only considerer the symbolic significance. This work argues that waste management of industrialized societies is not only a technical issue since its continuously in relation with the social sphere and among other things raises issues of justice. In this regard, I support that the environmental issue caused by waste management can only be grasped if we assume a conception of nature as community: when wastes affect (unevenly) the environment in which people live, wastes also have an impact on the populations because people nurture interdependent relationship with their environment. Once this has been established, I demonstrate that a cultural vision of environmental inequalities should be defended in order to identify and determine normative principles of waste justice
Anselme, Brice. "Contribution de l'imagerie satellitaire visible, proche infrarouge et infrarouge thermique, à l'étude des mers arctiques eurasiatiques." Phd thesis, Paris 4, 1997. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955324.
Full textThe overall objective of our work was to improve the knowledge of the arctic marine environment. Using satellite remote sensing operating in the visible, near infrared and thermal infrared, we studied oceanic surface structures over the Barents and Kara seas, as well as in the southern part of the Barents sea. In situ measurements obtained from oceanographic campaigns allowed us to validate the algorithms we used for image processing and helped us in analyzing the images. We studied both biological and physical oceanic structures. Concerning primary production, we showed in which areas and when phytoplanktonic bloom start to develop. We also emphasized the areas where thermal and hydrological fronts appear, sea ice drift and its relationship to surface currents, as well as the transport of sediments and associated pollutants by rivers and their outflow distribution patterns into the sea. The final goal of our work was to outline which areas of the eurasiatic arctic seas are the most sensitive and exposed if a pollution should occur. We finally concluded that two areas were particularly vulnerable: the marginal sea ice zone in the northern Barents sea that supports large part of the phytoplanktonic ecosystem, source of the food chain. Due to the intensity and very short timing of the phytoplanktonic bloom in that area, a pollution could have serious consequences there. Important exchange of water masses and ice, potentially contaminated, occur in the southeastern part of the Barents sea, which constitute a large refuge for marine mammals and migratory birds. Concerns about oil and natural gas exploitation should lead future investigations to focus on monitoring of both areas
Marty, Pauline. "Les appropriations urbaines de la question agricole. Le cas de Brive, de 1945 à 2012." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999857.
Full textMoisseron, Mathilde. "Rôle des interactions communautaires, mécanisme d’appropriation du sens pour la construction de son parcours professionnel et de sa vie." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03143432.
Full textStill an emerging topic for research in existential psychology, communities should be questioned if one wants to understand better the relationship of Individuals to their existences. This thesis focuses precisely on the understanding of the role of community interactions in the mechanism of appropriation of meaning for the construction of one's professional career and one's life. In this study, a community is defined as « a formal and/or informal social group of which the individual is a member, united around several shared exchanges and organisations of actions, having common interests, aspirations and values ». Five areas of expertise, namely, counseling psychology, social psychology in conjunction with sociology, community psychology and existential psychology, allowed us to investigate the meaning of communities. Since no study had ever established a connection between the concept of community and the emblematic concepts of existential psychology (Bernaud, 2018), a new approach has been suggested. In particular, this new approach made it possible to bring together the emblematic concepts of existential psychology with the ternary model of spirituality (de Jager Meezenbroek et al., 2012b) so that the community can exist/recognize itself. Moreover, in order to explore these constructs, it was necessary to turn to a mixed methodology. A qualitative exploratory research, following the method of the « Multi-level Investigator of Social Identity (IMIS) » (Zavalloni & Louis-Guérin, 1984) was carried out with five members of five different French communities, namely a religious community. (Protestant), a virtual community (Interactive pedagogy), a political community (the Republicans), a humanist community (Human Rights) and a social community (the Accorderie). In addition, a quantitative research with the same five communities was carried out with a sample of 101 participants. Different measuring tools were used, namely the psychological development scale (Diener et al., 2010; Villieux et al., 2016), the meaning of life scale (Steger et al., 2006), the scale of authenticity (Wood et al., 2008 ; Grégoire et al., 2014) and the scale of career decidedness (Sovet et al., 2020) in connection with the index of feeling of community belonging (Chavis et al., 1986 ; Perkins et al., 1990 ; Saïas et al., 2018). The results show that communities contribute to the building of the members’ psychological identities in relation to their existential « true-selves » (Bernaud, 2018, p. 189), to give meaning to their lives, to stimulate their socio-personal psychological developments and to promote their social integration so that they ultimately takes their rightful places in the human community. In accordance with these results, a session 8 was created, complementary to the counseling based on/about life and work meaning developed by Bernaud et al. (2015, 2019), named « Developing the meaning of one's life by cultivating one’s ties to others and to social communities ». It is designed for beneficiaries of the SVST counseling and is intended to be used by practicing psychologists and counselors in the field of vocational guidance
Pineda, Quevedo José. "L'aménagement du territoire dans la Vallée du Moche au Pérou de la sédentarisation au XVIème siècle : les enseignements d'une lecture spatiale sur la vie des sociétés préhispaniques." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030080.
Full textThis work investigates the link between natural space and space rceived by man. It focuse on a coastal valley of the North desert of Peru, during the pre-Colombian period of the town and country planning. It analyses separately the qualities of the oasis, the settling process of the first inhabitants and it deciphers the forms of the monumental architecture as well as the urban typologies. The author studies the principles which have governed space organisation, the everstanding elements and the dynamics in action. Spatial analyse proves the integration of a nature regarded as sacred and how no external intervention occurred before the Spaniards came
Girardet, Xavier. "Paysage & [et] infrastructures de transport : modélisation des impacts des infrastructures sur les réseaux écologiques." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069242.
Full textNgo, Anh Tu. "Evaluation environnementale du risque d'inondation dans le delta du fleuve Ha Thanh (centre Viêt-Nam)." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004411.
Full textDournel, Sylvain. "L'eau, miroir de la ville : contribution à l'étude de la requalification urbaine des milieux fluviaux et humides (Bassin parisien, Amiens, Orléans)." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925925.
Full textGinelli, Ludovic. "Jeux de nature, natures en jeu. Des loisirs aux prises avec l'écologisation des sociétés." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0050/document.
Full textMore and more practiced, “nature sports and leisure” are affected by strong tensions of our societies. How ecologisation of societies – a cognitive, normative and political process – redefines them? This issue is addressed on the basis of various uses (traditional hunting, sea kayaking, submarine fishing, bowhunting) all affected by similar processes (naturalization of places, sportivisation of activities) in two major “places of nature” partly protected, the Arcachon bay and the creeks of Marseille. To analyse these socio-environmental processes, we have chosen a pragmatist approach, particularly with the key-concepts of experience, trouble, inquiry and “prise”. Our thesis refutes the apparent ecological consensus: when they are observed “in actions”, ecological normalisations create more tensions and splits between users than they federate them. In everyday life situations of co-presence, the users aloofs towards ecology - who belong to others social spheres and annoyed in their “cognitive passions” - are ambivalents towards ecological normalisations. They are torn between the social imperative of being ecologically exemplary and the refusal of the individual and expert machinery (“impact”, “ecocompatibility”, “ecoresponsability”) of this process. These norms are particularly strong in the protected areas (national park of Creeks, nature reserve of the Arcachon bay), where mandated actors support ecologisation and legal norms or rules are included in management devices. So it is only as experts that some users and spokesmen can be heard without real changes in the group of participants, nor the framing of the issues and decision-making. At a theoretical level, these results question some assumptions of pragmatism. From a more political point of view, they lead to discuss the normative machinery of contemporary ecologisations