Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Écologie humaine au cinéma'
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Gay, Jean-Christophe. "L'étendue, les lieux et l'espace géographique pour une approche du discontinu." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX23001.
Full textThe world western geographical experience is set around the opposition between area and place. The multiplication of communication or telecommunication objects always medias our relationship to the environment, whereas the increasing number of images creates a real confusion between reality and its image. The evolution in transportation appears to us as being one of the main causes of the staging of area. This process of deterritoriality sets in motion the breaking points of charges which concentrate more and more area. Islande appear as the metaphor for our dialectics place area. They owe their naturality, their insularity and their "island-ness" to the void which is around them. However the patching of area, is man's hand. He is the founding stone of the organisation of the geographical space. We have studied from the active communication units to the supervision units the boundary, appears as the prime element of the discontinuous
Napolitano, Valeria. "La Figure humaine dans le cinéma italien des années dix." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0114.
Full textThis work is divided into four sections, which have been written during three years : it contrains a long introduction dedicated to a futrist essay (the Manifesto della cinematografia futurista), two central parts where I consider the different models of representation and the gesture (most significant movies : Maciste alpino, Cabiria, Assunta Spina, Il fuoco) and a final part dedicated to the documentary. Each chapter of the central part provides a paralleled study of some of the best examples of "silent movies" produced over the first two decades of the last century, and tries to place them in the cultural context of Italian Futurism; it is inspired to the book of J. F. Lyotard, L'Inhumain, exploring the condition of modernist and contemporary artist. Most important questions : how does this cinema translate the relation between the earliest twentieth-century man and his world? From the earliest comiche to the latest melos, how the directors of this period go on to describe the double identity of human being?
Martz-Kuhn, Émilie. "Écritures scéniques de la catastrophe humaine dans le théâtre contemporain - Étude de cas & recherche-création." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30048/30048.pdf.
Full textThis doctoral thesis in performing arts looks into scenic writings of human disasters in contemporary theatre. It examines dynamics underlying the representation of barbarism within spectacular forms imprinted with a visual dimension. Split into two parts – a first one, critical and a second one, practical -, the work is firstly structured around a corpus composed of three shows : Kamp of the Hotel Modern group, Rwanda 94 of Groupov and Rouge décanté by Guy Cassiers. Through the observation of the works in the light of the complexity and by analysing it with a systemic approach, the study attempts to reveal the moves – aesthetic, perceptive and thematic – that drive these heterogeneous writings. The second part of the thesis deals with a process of experimentation led in the scenic space. The latter, dedicated to outline an original artistic creation, questions occidental memories on the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda. The practical experience echoes back to several issues raised by the critical investigation and proposes another form of reflection, directly led on the stage. Keywords : Contemporary theatre, Research-creation, Complexity, Genocide, Images, Europe.
Menozzi, Marie-Josèphe. "Les jardins de ouagadougou : approche socio-ecologique de la ville." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H085.
Full textGuillou-Michel, Elisabeth. "Les agriculteurs et l'environnement : représentations sociales et pratiques dans un monde en mutation." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H050.
Full textThis research aims the study of the pro-environmental behaviour in agriculture, behaviour defined as the commitment or lack of commitment of farmers to agricultural actions in favour of environmental preservation. It is a question of defining which elements, related to the individual and the external context, distinguish the commited farmers from the non-commited ones in this type of actions. Specifically, we explore in which way the socioeconomic and political context, as well as the representations, the evaluation and the perception of the environement interfere with the behaviour of the subjects. The investigation consists in quantitative and qualitative study of the relationship between farmers and the society, their profession and the physical environment. The results highlight various ideologies within the agricultural world These ideologies define distinct parctices, some pro-environmental and specific to organic agriculture ones, others conventional and specific to traditional agriculture. At the same time, in the current agricultural context, social, political and economic constraints put pressure on the traditional farmers and modify the attitude and the opinions of some of them and incite them to turn their practices in favour of the environment. The adopting of new practices has, in return, an impact on the farmer's representations of the environment and the agriculture
Marc, Jean-Valéry. "Le Végétal dans les espaces urbains et périurbains des petites antilles : Le cas de Fort-De-France." Antilles-Guyane, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGUY0190.
Full textGuizard, Fabrice. "L'homme et les espaces du sauvage dans le monde franc, Ve-IXe siècles." Lille 3, 2004. http://www.numeriquepremium.com.doc-elec.univ-lemans.fr/content/books/9782753508507.
Full textVigouroux, Geoffray. "Les lacs d'altitude des Alpes occidentales et centrales : essai de typologie à partir de douze cas." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO31001.
Full textBayon, Estelle. "Vers une esthétique de l'humilité : visions du monde en présence de la terre dans les cinémas contemporains." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010694.
Full textCazenave-Tapie, Pascal. "Approche écologique du développement social de l'enfant." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20088.
Full textBattesti, Vincent. "Les relations équivoques : approches circonspectes pour une socio-écologie des oasis sahariennes." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H043.
Full textThis work focuses on the relations between societies and their environment. The ubiquity of a disconcerting exoticism within scientific analysis, as well as the simplifying tendency to conceive the oasis as an easy to seize 'fertile spot in the desert', defined exclusively by the laws of its live-sustaining element water, encouraged my interest in a more complex oasian model. My biological background incites me to dedicate my work especially to palm-groves of oases (mostly in Jerid, south of Tunisia, but also in Djanet, south of Algeria, and in Zagora, Morocco). In the quest for the relation between oasian society and its environment, i have tried to avoid the eternal dispute on the prevalence of either nature or culture. Instead i attempted to fuse them in favour of a non-dual explanation, fostering the ambitious aim to establish an oasian socio-ecology. My insights on oasian nature are based on its three levels spatial structure, ranging from the sxpansive (oasis in general) to the confined (the garden). According to its location in space, three levels of possibility of oasian praxes determined by corresponding levels of temporalities can be distinguished. It is illusive to define an "oasian norm" for the socio-ecological process. Praxes vary according to the different actors performing them. Put another way, the categories of actors of the oasian world find theirs co-ordinates between ideals-types of the relation societyenvironment: "autochthonous", "orientalism", "paternalism". For all that, the ideal-type "autochthonous" is not a norm with a praxis solely determined by either the environment or the society. There is no precedence of neither one nor the other as determining factor, but a combining of both whose relative influences can be evaluated according to the oasian web of space and time. These circumspect approaches account for the equivocal relations of the researcher to his object, of the individual to its society, of the society to its environment
Pluntz, Camille. "L'extension incongruente, un risque pour les légitimités de la marque humaine ? Application aux réalisateurs de films." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090031.
Full textMarketing research has begun tracing the contours of a human brand concept. The subsequent issue of human brand extension arises as branded individuals (such as movie directors) can be seen moving forward in their careers. The question of incongruent human brand extension is particularly important because the social existences of these branded individuals depend on the legitimacy they hold in regards to various key constituencies (internal members of the industry, critics, the general public). And incongruent human brand extensions can represent a threat for these various legitimacies. We choose to look into this question by studying the mecanisms of movie director legitimation which are unleashed by incongruent film extensions. We use a mixed design method. And we demonstrate that human brands risk loosing less legitimacy with an incongruent extension than with a moderately incongruent extension or with a congruent extension. We also find that human brands can earn more legitimacy with an incongruent extension than with a moderately incongruent extension or with a congruent extension. This doctoral research highlights that the mecanisms by which branded individuals gain or loose legitimacy are the underlying dynamics of their career paths. And by providing insight into these mecanisms, this work shows that these career paths can be undertaken strategically
Kokolewski, Candice. "Maurice Pialat, le regard subversif : une quête cinématographique de notre vérité humaine." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20092.
Full textHow to describe the singularity of Maurice Pialat's cinema ? His eye riveted on our reality, the observer he was, has known how to capture our humanity, our human truth. This work intends to apprehend this glance to understand what Pialat sees and the process adopted by the director. A process called in various way by some adjectives that will punctuate our thought's progression. A glance stamped with a certain complexity but that delivers life with simplicity. The magic of Maurice Pialat's cinema lies in this difference, this unwedge vision that talks yet about our common situation
Cosquer, Alix. "L'attention à la biodiversité dans la vie quotidienne des individus." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0008.
Full textOrdinary areas are a home to biodiversity and provide ecosystem services. Moreover, they are an important part of the experience on which individuals anchor their appreciation and being in the world. Urbanization deeply modifies individuals’ everyday relations with their environment. The relationship to these human-shaped areas leads to suggest the hypothesis of a growing disconnect between people and nature. This thesis studies the attention to biodiversity in the daily lives of individuals. Attention is structured around cognitive, emotional and behavioral elements. How the experience of biodiversity in an everyday-life context influences individuals’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards biodiversity and conservation. A first quantitative work revealed a link between individuals' knowledge on biodiversity and the implementation of practices favorable to biodiversity. We have shown the importance of embodied knowledge in daily reality. We have shown that contact with nature on a daily basis can encourage both knowledge and practices to biodiversity. The study of the impact - both in the short and medium term – of a single individual experience (days of events in public parks in Paris) revealed a gap between the increased interest in biodiversity and its inclusion in future individual practices. The study of the consequences – in the medium and long term – of a repeated individual experience to biodiversity (participation in a citizen science program) showed an evolution of knowledge and practices favorable to biodiversity. Our results show that individuals’ attention to biodiversity is encouraged under three conditions: implementation/participation in a local context, direct interaction and knowledge transfer. The context of everyday life appears as an interesting framework since it enables the integration of the observation experience in the complexity of individual approaches (cognitive, affective) and the introduction of biodiversity as an element of ordinary lives of individuals
Maurel, Noëlie. "De l'introduction à l'invasion : les plantes exotiques en milieu urbain." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MNHN0019.
Full textMy PhD thesis deals with invasion patterns and processes in urban areas, which have been poorly investigated so far. After describing the spatial distribution of exotic plants and invasive plants in Île-de-France, I present the two main axes of my research. First, I focused on Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica Houtt. ) in urban wastelands to measure the impacts of an invasive species on urban flora and to assess the mechanisms promoting its invasion, through a Japan/France cross-continental study. Then, I examined the distribution and dynamics of the spontaneous flora around the basis of street trees in Paris. This framework was also an opportunity to carry on an interdisciplinary research (ecology/ethnology) regarding gardening practices at the basis of some street trees. Finally, my results as a whole led me to question the place of exotic species in urban nature and their position in the relationship between humans and nature in cities
Pavard, Samuel. "Investissement maternel et survie de l'enfant : approche démographique, génétique et évolutive." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0031.
Full textIn Humans, children need maternal post-natal care in order to survive. This thesis which lies between demographical and human ecological fields has two main purposes: (i) following a demographical approach, to measure the effect of the loss maternal investment (MI) following the death of the mother on child's mortality and (ii) to built a mathematical model in order to integrate this measure at the level of the mother's reproductive history in the purpose to study the effect of MI on population dynamic, genetics and evolution. Using this model, the MI's effect is studied following to distinct approach: An epidemiological-genetically approach shows that the counter-selection on alleles involved in familial diseases with a late and uncompleted penetrance is far to be negligible (even at the end of the reproductive life and beyond). An evolutionary approach (elasticity analysis on lambda) shows that most of life history traits that characterize our species emerge from our analysis
Feertchak, Hélène. "Contribution à l'étude des rapports entre habitat et idéologie : un cas d'habitat communautaire." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H005.
Full textThrough the case study of a community, living in a residential suburb near Paris for thirty years, the relations between ideology and housing have been analyzed. In reference to ecological psychology of R. G. Barker, the combining effects of spatial, sociological and ideological determinants have been hypothesized. A monography has been completed by the following data : twelve non-directive interviews, then content analysis of internal documents and articles in press. The results show that an interaction between advanced catholic ideas of the leaders and architectural caracteristics of building originate dynamic interpersonal behaviors. In addition, the strength of motivations concerning housing, and the influence of intellectual executives social class in French society during post-war period has been pointed out. Though the results are concordant with the hypothesis, it appears that ecological psychology is more adapted to description than to hypothetico-deductive thinking
Touraille, Priscille. "Dimorphismes sexuels de taille corporelle : des adaptations meurtrières? : les modèles de la biologie évolutive et les silences de l'écologie comportementale humaine." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0199.
Full textA difference in mean body size between men and women is present in the human species as in others numerous mammals. The critical and detailed study of the hypothesis given by evolutionary biology to explain what may have favored males of greatest size on one part, or femals of smallest size on the other part show the weaknesse of classical thinking about this issue for the human species. Associating genetical, ecological, paleontological, nutritional and social considerations, among others, it is concluded that selections that play in a social context in which the inequal access for food under gender systems for femals could be one of the primilarly selective pressure in terms of genetical evolution. This work shows that the result is harmful to the human species, sweeping away the adaptationist hypothesis that are apllied to culture
Wittenberg, Inga. "La participation des employés à des démarches de développement durable dans les organisations : approche psycho-sociale." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT3006.
Full textA travers deux études, l’objectif de cette recherche est d’identifier des prédicteurs du comportement proenvironnemental des employés au sein d’organisations. La première étude est centrée sur des prédicteurs du comportement écologique au travail au sein de différents types d’organisation. Les résultats identifient un prédicteur commun, la perception du contexte physique, et des prédicteurs plus spécifiques, le comportement proenvironnemental au domicile pour les échantillons « entreprise » et « université » et la perception du contexte social pour l’échantillon « centre commercial ». Dans un modèle plus complexe intégrant la perception du contexte organisationnel et le paradigme du dilemme commun, la deuxième étude, menée auprès d’entreprises, confirme les prédicteurs isolés pour l’échantillon « entreprise » et montre l’impact de la perception du contexte organisationnel
Guillen, Gutierrez Elisa chantal. "Développement des constructions conceptuelles, de la catégorisation et des attributions causales relatives à l'environnement : étude comparative interculturelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080022.
Full textThis thesis aims to show the influence of eco-cultural systems by taking into account the effects of development on the evolution of conceptual constructs, categorization and causal attributions. This work involves research from cognitive psychology, cross-cultural psychology and environmental psychology. This thesis is composed of three main exploratory experimental studies, and also involves some theory driven hypotheses based on the theory of value dimensions (Hosftede, 1998) and thinking styles (Nisbett et al. 2001). Field research took place among children and adolescents in France and Mexico, which are two countries with different cultural traditions (eg. language, religious practices and socialization). However, the lifestyles of the cities of Monterrey and Paris are relatively similar, which enables cross-cultural comparison. We postulate that local cultural reality influences conceptual constructs, categorization and causal attributions of the world around us. The first experimental study examines not only conceptual constructions of nature and environment but also their co-construction. The results of this study show that the conceptual construction of nature is better developed than that of the environment, although neither reach the level of mature concept (Vygostky 1978). One reason is that their respective observed conceptualization is therefore interdependent and weakening each other. From a cultural point of view, we have identified two specific cognitive models in each country and observed significant differences in the content of these conceptual constructions. However, these differences decrease with age, probably due to the influence of Western education. The second experimental study analyzes the modes of categorization of the natural and artificial world and the place of man in nature. The results for these modes of categorization reflect the use of different styles of thinking (Nisbett et al. 2001). These are influenced by different values favored by the type of society (Hofstede, 1998). French subjects categorize the world with an analytical type of reasoning based on taxonomic characteristics, and the biological and functional properties of objects. Mexican subjects however prefer a holistic reasoning based on contextual and interactional features of objects. However, once again, we observe that these differences are less pronounced with age. The results concerning the place of man in nature do not reveal intercultural or developmental differences. Indeed, for children and adolescents of both cultures, man does not intrinsically belong to nature. This result underlines the conceptual extreme fragility between the human world and the natural world. The third experimental study focuses on the content and type of causal attributions modifications/transformations of nature. This study explores the understanding of children and adolescents of both the causes of environmental problems (deforestation and air pollution) and the consequences of climate change (melting ice and rising sea levels). The results highlight that in both cultures, the causes of environmental problems are more easily conceptualized than the consequences of climate change. We observed cross-cultural and developmental differences in the nature of these causes. Data analysis of the causes of such modifications/transformations of nature revealed different types of causes: internal, external, relationships and ecological reasoning. This thesis demonstrates the cultural nature of human thought. knowledge modulated by culture and direct experience provides the individual with an interpretive framework that guides their cognitive processes and allows them to adapt socially
Masutti, Christophe. "Le Dust Bowl, la politique de conservation des ressources et les écologues aux Etats-Unis dans les années 1930." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/MASUTTI_Christophe_2004.pdf.
Full textBarrillon, Michel. "Prolégomènes à une économie politique des rapports homme-nature." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX24015.
Full textMonnier, Claire. "Gratitude et responsabilité : éducation vers une position éthique dans la relation au monde qui vit sans mots." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30098.
Full textThe present ecological crisis, generated by human activities, could be the sign of an ontological crisis, an identity crisis of man in relation to nature. Due to its original indetermination, man creates self-représentations and représentations of the world, from which it does or does not allow itself to act in its environment. The processes which take part in the construction of the représentations could largely be shaped by the unconscious, in the image of the Ego of individuals. Thus, the violence, authorized and unloaded upon what lives in silence (nature), can be understood as a défensive mechanism used to deny the dépendance on the Earth lived at the bottom of the most obscure représentations, like the mother of the Origins. From this point of view, and because the relationship man-nature is an educational concern, an ethical position conceived as gratitude and responsability is becoming the stand of éducation. In this case, ethics is not based on an ontological exteriority like virtuous or moral principe. The ethical position is actually finding its source in the heart of the human identity quest from the individual’s quest to that which underlies collective représentations
Lucchetta, Patrice. "Rôle de l'information dans les stratégies de recherche et d'exploitation des ressources chez l'hyménoptère parasitoïde Venturia canescens." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10010.
Full textDobré, Michelle. "La résistance, ressource du quotidien (étude des capacités civiles d'autolimitation de la consommation en relation avec la question écologique)." Orléans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ORLE1032.
Full textLeturcq, Guillaume. "Migrations forcées dans le sud du Brésil : les atingidos." Le Mans, 2010. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2010/2010LEMA3004.pdf.
Full textIn the context of economic growth and new environmental preoccupations Brazil is faced with, the electricity produced by dams is a key element. The dams of the factories disturb the environment and the rural societies that live nearby. Indeed, these dams are responsible for the migrations of their victims (atingidos) and also modify the space these communities live in. Atingidas families leave this space to settle in a new one, with the modifications – social, cultural, economic, and so on – that this implies. Three aspects are fundamental to better understand the migration of these families: the adaptation to the new rural and communal space, the new adminitrative structure, and the ongoing ties with the former space of life
A eletricidade, produzida pelas usinas hidrelétricas, é um elemento relevante para o Brasil, dentro de um contexto de crescimento econômico e de novas preocupações ambientais. As barragens das usinas perturbam o meio-ambiente e as sociedades rurais próximas. Forçam os atingidos à migrarem e à modificarem seus espaços de vida. As famílias atingidas deixam esses espaços para habitar um outro, com todas as modificações (sociais, culturais, econômicas, etc) que isto implica. A adaptação ao novo quadro rural e comunitário, a inserção à nova estrutura administrativa e a manutenção de laços com o antigo lugar de vida são três aspectos fundamentais para compreender o deslocamento dos atingidos
Fernandez, Camaño Suzanne. "Lectures croisées des figures de l'infirme et de son territoire dans trois films de David Lynch : Eraserhead (1976), the Elephant man (1980), the Straight story (1999)." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20058.
Full textThe disabled body in David Lynch's cinema mirrors the paradox which exists between the figure of the cripple and the notion of aesthetics, between the sacred and the profane, between predestination and free will. It calls for questioning. It's an interface. The disabled body becomes an artistic motif, particularly in painting. The film discourse as far as the crippled body is concerned must also be understood as a religious one in which the image and the word are opposed in the tradition of a reformed reading of the Bible. In this argument, the cripple's destiny appears in all its raw reality ; her destiny embodies the space-time reality of society. Territory is seen symbolically as the space in which the cripple's own project can be realised. The town is a place of perdition whereas the country embodies the biblical grandeur which welcomed the first settlers. In this opposition, the labyrinth can be studied as a figure of speech in the narrative : a protective space which can also be seen as a place of confinement. The heroes and antiheroes in Lynch's works are imbued with values inherited from a triple tradition : the omeric, the Judeo-Christian as well as that inspired by American history. In this history, their notion of territory is to be seen as a place for socialisation. The relationship between space and the cripple raises the issue of his/her integration into the world. And the relationship of the cripple to the world can be read in the light of the argument opposing creationism and Darwinism, two theories which lead to accepting the other in all his/her difference. The three films broach this question and Lynch gives a different answer in each
Skandrani, Zina. "Gouvernance de la biodiversité en milieux anthropiques : de l'intégration des conceptions de la nature à la considération des dynamiques socio-écologiques." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0011.
Full textThe present Ph. D. Thesis strives to offer theoretical stimuli for handling social conflicts on biodiversity and for governance models engaged in democratic environmental conservation and the creation of spaces for nature and non-human species, in places exclusively designed for humans until recently. The general purpose of the current work is to highlight to what extent nature conceptions might impede conservation aims and through which social-ecological processes they may arise. In particular, I intend to empirically expose how conceptions about the environment and biodiversity are actively produced and spread through the manifold interaction dynamics between nature’s human and non-human components. Further, I elucidate how the resulting spheres of meaning may unknowingly generate understanding gaps and reluctance on environmental issues, particularly when changing nature representations entail landscape redefinitions, resulting in new humanbiodiversity- environment relations and spatial ascriptions. I have illustrated these hypotheses in five articles and manuscripts addressing urban areas as a crucial place for confronting socio-environmental problems. The studies constituting the Ph. D. Thesis consider urban ecosystems as social-ecological systems made of reciprocal influence dynamics among social, political/institutional and ecological variables. In this, they take inputs from theoretical frameworks for the analysis of social-ecological systems (Ostrom 2009), resilience theory (Folke 2006), actor-network theory (Latour 1994) and the theory of social representations (Moscovici 2000). Except for one study, the research uses urban pigeons (Columba livia) as a model to analyze socioenvironmental interactions. This particular type of pigeon never existed ‘in the wild’ and always had his ‘natural habitat’ among humans (Johnston and Janiga 1995). As domesticated animals, pigeons came to be endowed with symbolic meanings (of love, peace, and fertility) based on their perceived (and desirable) traits (Jerolmack 2008). Although they were utilized by humans for domestic use, they then escaped to become feral and are thus what could be called a ‘hybrid’ (sensu Latour 1993), a product of nature and society; they may even be considered a double hybrid (Jerolmack 2007). The species is thus particularly interesting for the purpose of this work, as it is not ‘just’ a natural object with an essential meaning but a good example on which social-ecological meaning production can be investigated. 1. Biodiversity’s presence in the city precedes and conditions its problematization and is a central element from which its representations will further develop and depend. However, this presence is not fortuitous. Thus in the first manuscript entitled “Environmental tolerance in urban Birds: synanthropic adaptation or phenotypic plasticity?” my colleagues and I highlighted pigeons’ agency in settling in anthropic areas from an ecological perspective. By investigating pigeons’ environmental tolerance, we demonstrated that they take advantage of their own characteristics to the same degree as of urban features to persist in cities. 2. In the article “Nuisance species: beyond the ecological perspective” we used the concept of ‘nuisance species’ and changes in pigeons’ images to demonstrate that nature and biodiversity representations are produced out of historical processes and interspecies interactions, with multiple influence factors, agencies and issues at stake. We further showed how the evolution of these conceptions or ‘socio-natures’ (Swyngedouw 2004) is at the heart of current conflicts with urban pigeons in many cities. 3. In the manuscript “Anchoring the ‘pigeon paradox’: how public context mediates interactions with ordinary biodiversity” we highlighted, using a behavioral study, discrepancies between increasing official support for nature reconnection to strengthen people’s environmental awareness and the restrictive influence of everyday normative social contexts on human-urban nature interactions. 4. In the manuscript “Greening the city, and beyond? Similar orientations but contrasted local policies in two European capitals” we move beyond the example of urban pigeons, and evidence in a comparison between Paris and Berlin, different institutional discourses that shape nature representations, from an explicit nature restoration advertisement to an implicit definition of human-nature relations in public urban park management. We suggest that mismatched explicitimplicit discourses may thwart institutional endeavors and hinder social acceptance of conservation measures in urban settings. 5. In the concluding manuscript “Modeling an urban social ecological system: towards coexistence between people and pigeons in the city” we addressed urban pigeon management and control and provided a concrete example of mediation and integrative governance in a social conflict on urban biodiversity, built by focusing on pigeon perceptions and their social and ecological influence factors
De, Moraes Cordeiro Netto Oscar. "Contribution à la réflexion sur l'évaluation de projets d'aménagements fluviaux : le cas du choix du site d'un grand barrage-réservoir dans le bassin de la Garonne." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENPC9518.
Full textLarcher, Jonathan. "Des arts filmiques en anthropologie. Enquête, expérience et écologie des images en "tsiganie"." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH045/document.
Full textThis research initially consisted of the production of documentary films and a collection of vernacular images produced in the "Gypsy Quarter" ( "ţigănie") of Diţeşti, a village in the south of Romania. From the start of this investigation, my interlocutors informed me that their ţigănie is populated by images; telenovelas, domestic pictures, “commissioned home movies”, etc. Each filmed situation is therefore the subject of intense negotiations between practices and contrasting filmic experiences. This work is based on a description and the reconstruction of the lived experiences, sedimented with images of my interlocutors. By observing the ramifications of this work, both in the social world and in a history and ecology of images, it has progressively taken the form of an investigation by the filmic arts, a visual and digital history of Gypsy figures of the Romanian cultural industries and an archeology of vernacular film practices in ţigănie. Although the scale of the analysis is that of a monograph, the challenge of this work is to show how this form of experience reconfigures the practice of filmic arts and broadens the phenomenal field of different research traditions that constitute the field of Visual Anthropology ("experimental ethnography", Indigenous media and ethnographic film). In short, this set of visual and textual proposals considers the filmic arts as analytical tools for understanding and making understood the lived experience of filmed people and the agentivity of images in the social world we inhabit. What this thesis proposes, both in its hypothesis and conclusion, is to consider both filmmakers and the anthropologist’s interlocutors as true observers and theoreticians of images and experienced realities. Thus, by understanding images through the experience of the respondents’ images, this research demonstrates the way in which the filmic arts - as a practice and a discipline - generate new anthropological questions. In addition, and more critically, this knowledge of images invites us to reconsider attentively the way in which anthropologists (and filmmakers) sometimes delegate the descriptive, memorial or transactional functions of images to visual technologies
Bouali, Anis. "Métatechnologies : interdépendance entre le niveau d'hypermédiatisation et la prise en compte (écosophique) du vivant." Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/185435416#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textBy seeking some meanings of the neologism “metatechnology”, we were struck to see that its realization could to be considered, the such advent of “all-digital” like that of a totalitarian process. Did Lewis Munford (Mumford, transl. 1973, p. 2) deliberately give this opinion like “against-Utopia” or, following the example of 1984 of Orwell, in reaction to waiting’s utopians disappointed in 1948? The year under review constitutes an index of the economic situation: 1967, one year before the memorable year 1968. Consequently, in a situation which moves away more and more from the linearity, it appears that Science Information and Communication Technologies (S. I. T. C), can be considered as instrumental improvements insofar as their technicality is based jointly on an ascending knowledge of the social sciences. With the threshold criticizes that they reached, they restructure not only the field of the technologies, but the whole of our individual and collective actions, on all the levels and in all fields. One of the principal objectives of our research is to lucidly apprehend in what technologies contribute to release the human being but, also, to leave to condition it and to control it. Also our man-metatechnology-machine project is entitled significantly “HandiTech”
Levain, Alix-Kathleen. "Vivre avec l'algue verte : médiations, épreuves et signes." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0014.
Full textKalhori, Azadeh. "La qualité de l'air en milieu urbain : Entre mesures et perceptions." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2008/KALHORI_Azadeh_2008.pdf.
Full textThe atmospheric pollution in urban zones is a major stake in the world because cities concentrate the majority of the population of the globe at the moment. Cities make more and more the object of studies concerning the atmospheric pollution, its impacts (the sanitary risks) and the means to reduce the atmospheric pollution and its misdeeds. This one varies spatially and temporarily in city according to the morphology of districts, the weather conditions and the locations of the sources of pollutants. From then, the concentration of pollutants must be defined in a micro-urban scale to estimate the exposure of the populations. Indeed, this exposure is a part of a wider concept, the air quality which is considered as an essential element of today. These last ones are moreover subjected to an exposure to be estimated during the day during their movements, but also inside buildings. The individual perception of this pollution during its daily activities, brings a lighting interesting on the behaviour of the city-dwellers in front of the pollution and of its interactions with the individual well-being and the quality of life. This thesis has for objective to estimate the possible distortion between the individual exposure estimated at the pollution and the perception of this one to identify cognitive, environmental and cultural factors influencing the perception. In this respect, first of all, the concentration of pollutants was obtained by means of the model ADMS-Urban at an intra-urban scale. It allowed to obtain a concentration of pollutants continues over Strasbourg. Then, 200 inquiries of perception 'inquiry of follow-up' were realized. This helped us to determine the individual exposure of the pollution and their perception in various places. By implementing some type of analysis and a SIG, the characteristics of the pollution and the behaviour of the city-dwellers were revealing. The confrontation of this last information also allowed to understand the complex relation between the perception and the variation of the atmospheric pollution in city
Franchini, Sébastien. "Pratiques sportives de nature et milieux naturels : approche multiscalaire des sciences de l'écologie pour l'intégration des pratiques de randonnée, d'escalade et de canyonisme dans les espaces naturels - Ardèche." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE18001.
Full textWith the emergence and the construction of the place of practice of outdoor activities in the rural and mountain areas and in relation to the current thoughts around the concepts of environment, ecology and sustainable development, interrogations on the integration of those activities in nature have naturally released themselves. Range by environmental problems, this research is placed at the interface of sciences of the nature and sciences of the society. It thus positions itself in the fields of biology and in those of the social and cultural geography and is fully integrated in the contemporary thoughts and waitings of the society. It is articulated around the concepts of biological indicators, landscape and load capacity in a multi-scalar complex. This fitment of scale is essential to the comprehension of the complexity of the interactions between the outdoor activities and the composition, structure and the functioning of the ecosystems. The first part sets out in background the sociological context of the study, through the evolution of the ideas of nature, representations, environmental conscience (with the consideration of human being like integral part of the systems) and of observations of the impacts of the human activities, spread out since the 18’s century. It also presents the outdoor activities based on the history of the sporting practices and insists on their method of organization with a dominating space entry. The second part informs on the concepts of disturbances and environmental impacts by recounting an history of the emergence of the ecological thoughts, the reflexions of environmental ethics, scientific positionings and ideological and governmental policies. After having referred the biological tools for the evaluation of impacts, their uses and their limits, the text opens on the concept of landscape and the scientific discipline of ecology of the landscape, which makes it possible to approach the impacts related to the activities likely to a scale more adapted because of the dynamic space organization of the practices. The third part presents the sites of study and the applications of research concerning the impacts of the activities of excursion, climbing and canyoning, according to a fitment of scales which makes it possible to obtain an overall vision on the potentialities of integration of the activities in the environment with the sight of given ecological stakes. Finally the conclusion takes again the general question of the existence of environmental impacts related to the outdoor activities and of the possibilities of ecological integration of the practices in their space and functional organizations. This research being a first investigation in this field, it presents the zones of shades still largely deployed on the subject, the prospects for research to come as well as the stakes environmental, social, cultural and economic weighing around these problems
Wu, Weicheng. "Application de la géomatique au suivi de la dynamique environnementale en zones arides : exemple de la région de Nouakchott en Mauritanie, du Ningxia nord et du Shaanxi nord en Chine du nord-ouest." Paris 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011113.
Full textDaminello, Luiz Adriano. "Entre duas margens = do filme etnográfico ao cinéma-vérité e o lugar do filme La Pyramide Humaine na obra de Jean Rouch." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/283939.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T18:02:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daminello_LuizAdriano_M.pdf: 1681416 bytes, checksum: b58e02392967bb9c161e9236ca758064 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: O presente estudo se debruça sobre a construção do cinema de Jean Rouch, desde o seu primeiro contato com o mundo africano e as questões pelas quais ele iria se interessar durante a criação de seus filmes, até o estabelecimento do cinéma-vérité, movimento lançado na década de 60 e que propunha novas relações do cinema com o real. Abordamos aqui o interesse de Rouch em transitar entre fronteiras e de estabelecer ligações - ou diluições - entre procedimentos artísticos e científicos. Para levar a cabo tal estudo, escolhemos analisar um período de sua produção que começa com seu primeiro filme etnográfico, Au pays des mages noirs (1946-1947) até a realização de Chronique d'un été (1960). Dentro desse período está La pyramide humaine (1959), filme pouco estudado, mas cujas características especiais e únicas fazem dele uma ponte determinante entre as primeiras experiências com os assim chamados "filmes de improvisação", Jaguar (1954) e Moi, un Noir (1958) e a eclosão do cinéma-vérité, movimento que iria influenciar, de forma inelutável, o filme antropológico em especial, e o cinema moderno de maneira geral. Apoiando nossa reflexão, realizamos uma experiência de recepção de La pyramide humaine com jovens recrutados pela ONG Cine-favela, na Comunidade de Heliópolis, junto com estudantes de uma Faculdade de Cinema e também com uma atriz profissional. Esperamos que os resultados dessa experiência, somados às reflexões acima referidas, ajudem a melhor compreender a obra do extraordinário antropólogo-cineasta Jean Rouch, notadamente o período de sua carreira a que este estudo se dedica
Abstract: This work is about the building of Jean Rouch's cinema, since his first approach to the African world and the questions that he would be interested when he has created his movies, till the happening of the cinema-vérité, a film movement of the 1960s that would propose new relations between the cinema and the real. We broach Rouch's interest in walk over frontiers and to establish contacts - or to dissolve it - between artistic and scientific procedures. To go on with this research, we have decided to analyze a period of his productions that begins at his first ethnographic film, Au pays des mages noirs (1946-1947) till the making of Chronique d'un été (1960). Inside this period it is La pyramide humaine (1959), one of his films less studied, but whose special characteristic make it a important bridge between his first experiences with the "improvisation films", Jaguar (1954) and Moi, un Noir (1958), and the emergence of the cinéma-vérité, a movement that it will influence, specially the anthropological film, but the modern cinema in a generic way. To support our reflections we have made a reception experience of the film La pyramide humaine with young people of the NGO Cinefavela, in the community of Heliópolis, together with the students of a Cinema University and a professional actress. We hope that the product of this experience, with the reflections about it, help us to comprehend the extraordinary work of the anthropological filmmaker Jean Rouch, specially in a moment of his work that is quoted here
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Brena, Pierpaolo. "Dimensions écologique et humaine de la relation homme-requin : approches fondamentale et appliquée du nourrissage artificiel de requins en Polynésie française." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE3069.
Full textArtificial shark provisioning bears critical ecological and societal stakes because of its underinvestigated environmental effects and the strong public controversy that undermines management plans. This thesis aims at combining natural and social science approaches to characterise both (1) the behavioral response of tiger and sicklefin lemon sharks that are targeted by provisioning operations and the (2) role of public perceptions in better apprehending the latent social conflict. We describe the central place of provisioning sites in the movement networks of tiger and sicklefin lemon sharks and describe the capacity of lemon sharks to develop behavioral strategies that are adapted to the competitive context that is inherent to provisioning operations. We provide a functional interpretation of all effects of provisioning reported so far in the literature and highlight cascading and predominantly deleterious effects through the individual to the ecosystem-scale. By investigating the human dimension of this case of human-shark interactions, we identify the main drivers of both operator and ocean user behavior and discuss the unregulated expansion of shark provisioning activities as the main factor of risk to the emergence of bad practices and the associated pernicious effects. The approaches presented in this thesis highlight the advantages of combining natural and social sciences for a better characterization and management of the interaction between society and natural resources
Turgeon, Geneviève. "Influence de l'anthropisation sur l'écologie du raton laveur (Procyon lotor)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/50.
Full textGabard, Anne. "Notre santé au risque de notre histoire." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2024/document.
Full textWhat led me to work on this thesis was a growing amazement over my 40 years of practice as a gynecologist. What a strange discrepancy between the undeniable and spectacular achievements of modern medicine in our western world, and, at the same time, the great number of pathologies that are unaccounted for by the same medicine ! The latter failing to give any answer to the legitime and fundamental questions that every one will ask when a disease is diagnosed, among which : « why me ? » Through trying to have a transversal approach of knowledge, we were able to legitimate the consideration of the complex patient, for whom body and spirit are held together in an incompressible unity. This path of reflection, taking into account the complex patient in his entire reality led us to a hermeneutic approach that gives meaning, a meaning out of the field of science. Such a reflection enables us to understand that disease expresses in a unified language the physical and mental processes. Our diseases have a meaning in the heart of our lives. They are a signal that warns of a loss of harmony with our own selves, with our environment, and of the need to find a new balance when it is still possible. Our health is not predetermined ; our knowledge, our comprehension, our ability to act, allow us some freedom to be actors. Even though we are bound by constraints within our lineage, our environment, and subject to the unavoidable limits of longevity. We are part of a much larger whole, and, thanks to our total involvement in it, and to our capacity to act, we are able to have a local action for ourselves, and a more general action which will impact the fields with which we interfere. Our organised complex unity is based on exchanges of matter, energy, and above all, information, with the universe that builds and surrounds us. The primordial reality that some will name energy, others information, could be love. Love would be the ultimate reality
Rigot, Jean-Baptiste. "Environnement naturel et occupation du sol dans le bassin-versant du lac Jabbûl (Syrie du nord) à l'Holocène." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/rigot_jb.
Full textThe study, based among other things on a GIS, shows that in arid environment natural determinations are fundamental regarding agricultural exploitation. Indeed, in the region under study, the plateaux benefiting from water reserves and good pedogenesis conditions, as well as the north of the area getting extern water supplies, were the main places of human occupation, especially for sedentaries and semi-nomads. Other places that are not as favourable as those evoked, were occupied by nomads practising extensive breeding. Nevertheless, the space organisation varied along centuries. For instance, disadvantaged areas around plateaux were invested by sedentary practising extensive agriculture at Byzantine time. This evolution is partly due to climatic context, but the study underlines the major influence of the edaphic conditions and underscore the leading part of the political stability of the area too
Chanvallon, Stéphanie. "Anthropologie des relations de l’Homme à la Nature : la Nature vécue entre peur destructrice et communion intime." Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458244/fr/.
Full textHow to understand Man’s relationship with Nature ? This study, achieved with sensitive surveys, is a qualitative and reflexive anthropology. It uses anthrozoology, palaeoanthropology and ethology, symbolism and imagination. If Man is afraid of Nature, how does he manifest it? Nature without mystique, dominated, controled, “boxed”, polluted, destroyed, re-created in artificial situations, Nature makes us examine Man, his complex fears, paradoxes. And Man’s exploration of Nature in daily life or in extreme circumstances, what is he looking for? Nature is an essential need, for well-being, a means of exploring one’s own senses, a source of renewal, a method of escaping society’s pressures. Man’s inner problems are reflected in Nature. It affords him a resting view of himself. It mirrors the animal side of Man. These relationships are ambivalent: between destructive fear and sympathetic interaction, they have as many aspects, facets and reactions as each individual has. Relationships with wildlife, how are they experienced and why? They offer the possibility of (re)discovering oneself whilst discovering the Other, they offer a richness of understanding faced with the natural unknown which wants to be in contact. Nature offers multifaceted enrichment: for the body, senses, emotions, feelings, self-knowledge, mind and spirituality. Thus, Man may experience an inner transformation
Bocquentin, Fanny. "Pratiques funéraires, paramètres biologiques et identités culturelles au Natoufien : une analyse archéo-anthropologique." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12769.
Full textSechi-Sapowicz, Serafina. "Les Archives sédimentaires témoins des phases d'érosion : approche géo-archéologique appliquée au bassin versant de la Basse Vallée de la Seine (Normandie, France) et au Campidano Septentrional (Sardaigne, Italie)." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES045.
Full textThe study of sedimentary archives of all geomorphological compartments of the Lower Seine Valley watershed (Normandy), as well as sites of piedmont in the Septentrional Campidano (Central Western Sardinia), enabled us to identify several erosion and sedimentation phases. These phases mark important changes resulting from the direct or indirect impact of several factors or from their combinations Thus erosion markers reveal morphogenetic "crises" controlled by the internal lithologic properties of the studied system, as well as by the climatic and anthropogenic signals. In our study areas, the first erosional phases we have encountered (from the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene) correspond to the major climatic and eustatic changes identified on a global scale. The main impact of the climatic factor continues at least until the beginning of the Neolithic era. From the middle final Neolithic to the Protohistory era, Man became a more active player in causing soil imbalance (i. E: deforestation, switch from a mono-specific agriculture to a professionalized agriculture). From the end of the Iron Age to the Roman period, Man became an aggravating factor (i. E: high deforestation, intensive land use). Later, from the Middle-Ages to the Contemporary era, Man became the triggering factor (i. E: the land becomes a mosaic of cropped agricultural areas with a shift towards agriculture with heavy animal tractation) that has a direct impact on the major erosional phases. Once it passed a certain threshold of imbalance accelerated by human activities that made the soil more susceptible to the weather hazards, the resilience of the environment stops and follows to climate fluctuations however minor
Pares, Nelly. "De la forêt-productive à la forêt-système-vivant : analyse des transformations des représentations et normes des modes de gestion forestière : l'exemple des forêts méditerranéennes françaises." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0617.
Full textTaking place in overall reflection on current transformations of occidental societies' relationships to nature, this thesis focuses on the analysis of forms of Mediterranean forest management in France. Based on an analysis of policy processes, discourses and textual data, the thesis shows how actors (owners, managers, political decision-makers, associative groups, forest users for leisure activities) interpret the central notions of ecological science. Using a typology of three concepts of forest and forest management (productive-forest, environment-forest and living-system-forest), the analysis reveals that process of appropriation takes place in discourse strategies that are specific to each type of actors. The thesis brings out that economic and ecological discourses interpenetrate and support one another according to differentiated approaches depending on types of actors. Proponents of productive-forest draw on ecological argumentation to regain legitimacy; proponents of environmental-forest develop an economic argument to justify preservation of natural areas and entities. In contrast to the utilitarian and scientific/technical approaches of the two institutionalized concepts, living-system-forest allows to actors remote to policy process to justify new practices and ways of thinking about forests
Guillen, Gutierrez Elisa chantal. "Développement des constructions conceptuelles, de la catégorisation et des attributions causales relatives à l'environnement : étude comparative interculturelle." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080022.
Full textThis thesis aims to show the influence of eco-cultural systems by taking into account the effects of development on the evolution of conceptual constructs, categorization and causal attributions. This work involves research from cognitive psychology, cross-cultural psychology and environmental psychology. This thesis is composed of three main exploratory experimental studies, and also involves some theory driven hypotheses based on the theory of value dimensions (Hosftede, 1998) and thinking styles (Nisbett et al. 2001). Field research took place among children and adolescents in France and Mexico, which are two countries with different cultural traditions (eg. language, religious practices and socialization). However, the lifestyles of the cities of Monterrey and Paris are relatively similar, which enables cross-cultural comparison. We postulate that local cultural reality influences conceptual constructs, categorization and causal attributions of the world around us. The first experimental study examines not only conceptual constructions of nature and environment but also their co-construction. The results of this study show that the conceptual construction of nature is better developed than that of the environment, although neither reach the level of mature concept (Vygostky 1978). One reason is that their respective observed conceptualization is therefore interdependent and weakening each other. From a cultural point of view, we have identified two specific cognitive models in each country and observed significant differences in the content of these conceptual constructions. However, these differences decrease with age, probably due to the influence of Western education. The second experimental study analyzes the modes of categorization of the natural and artificial world and the place of man in nature. The results for these modes of categorization reflect the use of different styles of thinking (Nisbett et al. 2001). These are influenced by different values favored by the type of society (Hofstede, 1998). French subjects categorize the world with an analytical type of reasoning based on taxonomic characteristics, and the biological and functional properties of objects. Mexican subjects however prefer a holistic reasoning based on contextual and interactional features of objects. However, once again, we observe that these differences are less pronounced with age. The results concerning the place of man in nature do not reveal intercultural or developmental differences. Indeed, for children and adolescents of both cultures, man does not intrinsically belong to nature. This result underlines the conceptual extreme fragility between the human world and the natural world. The third experimental study focuses on the content and type of causal attributions modifications/transformations of nature. This study explores the understanding of children and adolescents of both the causes of environmental problems (deforestation and air pollution) and the consequences of climate change (melting ice and rising sea levels). The results highlight that in both cultures, the causes of environmental problems are more easily conceptualized than the consequences of climate change. We observed cross-cultural and developmental differences in the nature of these causes. Data analysis of the causes of such modifications/transformations of nature revealed different types of causes: internal, external, relationships and ecological reasoning. This thesis demonstrates the cultural nature of human thought. knowledge modulated by culture and direct experience provides the individual with an interpretive framework that guides their cognitive processes and allows them to adapt socially
Alexandre, Olivier. "La règle de l'exception : sociologie du cinéma français (1981 à nos jours)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0076.
Full textThe exception of French cinema includes a triple singularity. First, the sector represents the main model against the Hollywood industry. Second, unlike other European countries, the mutation (liberalization and expansion) of the audiovisual sector in the 1980s hasn't led to a collapse of the industrial and artistic sector. Finally, the director plays a cardinal role. International, historical and authorial : the proposed thesis aims to unravel this triple paradox. The thesis claims that a system of relationships and specific rights is based on a substainable embedding between different professional worlds. This cultural ecology, ie macroaggregation composed by different social worlds, is the main cause of the sustainability of the sector. Founded or refounded organizations and the establishment of suitable layouts are the foundation of the socio-cinematic history. Moreover, like other cultural industries, the French cinema is highly segmented. An executives core differs from the circle of "independent", itself differentiated from the "outsiders" one. Market strategies ad public action create a structural uncertainty about careers. Education, work abilities and the loyalty of their networks are the adhocratique factors allowing filmmakers to become "authors"
Caillaud, Sabine. "Représentations sociales de l’écologie et pratiques individuelles : une étude comparative France – Allemagne." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20063.
Full textSince the 1960’s, ecology has become an important question for our modern societies to deal with. Yet ecology resonates differently in France and in Germany since the ecological movements first appeared. The aim of this study is to understand how social thinking represents ecology and how individual practices sense-making. The theoretical approach is the social representations (SR), which considers knowledge in a dialogical way and takes the role of the socio-cultural and historical context in the construction and the sharing of SR into account. The French/German comparison is used to highlight the role played by this context. A documents analysis gives some relevant elements about the way ecology is accepted in both countries. The qualitative methodological design is based on triangulation. Interviews, focus groups, and media analysis were conducted. Different kinds of methodological tools from Social Psychology were used. A representational structure based on four thêmata is derived from our results and shows the content and the processes of social representations. Moreover, at an individual level, some of these thêmata are preferred and structure daily knowledge. We also observed a moral objectification of ecology in Germany, with an anchoring on local and global risks. In France, ecology is objectified into risk (economical, political, health…) and anchoring categories are diverse. They refer to different evolutions of green movements in France. Moreover, in both countries, anchoring ecological risks, and particularly climate change, maintains strangeness through the idea of a denaturalized nature, which threatens the identity. Ecological practices are guided by different motives; nature’s protection is only of them. These practices are embedded in an interpersonal sphere; an Alter-ego emerged in Germany whereas in France it is an Alter
Liegey, Edith. "Ecomorphisme(s), vers une culture du vivant : formes et évolution d'une symbolique de l'écologie dans l'art contemporain." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0029.
Full textEcomorphism—from oikos as habitat and morphé as form—is the result of a species’ adaptation to its environment. Applied to the recurrence of artistic works, scenographies and exhibition narratives, ecomorphism is this process of adaptation that pushes our perceptions and ecological consciousness towards a culture of the living. How do artists manage to create over time a unique long term relationship with the living world? Beyond a panorama of forms of nature in crisis, artists create singular point of views and links in symbiosis with the living world. From the point of view of trees and clouds, symbolic observation posts of our environment—more than 90 experienced exhibitions in situ—we have analysed the complex relationships between artistic creation, aesthetic effects experienced in situ, installation scenographies, exhibition narratives and ecological awareness. Let us follow the path of ecomorphism that leads through a silent (r)evolution like an artistic invasion of wild nature forms in a museum and as many opportunities of transformative encounters with the living world.Contemporary forms of nature, (eco)morphogenealogyOur first corpus of forms was revealed to 70% European—174 international artists—according to a classification of 800 works related to the principles of ecology disseminated—and legitimised—in museums in France from 2012 to 2016. A second corpus is extracted on the symbolism of trees, the most common statistical figure, then clouds, object-symbol emerging in the 21st century. An aesthetic of complexity confirms the need to order its forms. Thus, our creation of (eco)morphogenealogy into five main branches is related to the movements in the history of art and ecology from 1916. We have classified the branches—and filiations—in order of importance: 1. ecological biomorphism (intra-muros sculptures); 2. environmental art in the external environment; 3. technological ecosystem art in mimèsis of natural and artificial environments; 4. arte povera and recycling art; 5. bioart related to genetics and hybridization of the living. From trees at city museum, symbolic “perches”The uniqueness of the “perch” museum lies in its ability to preserve the manifest beauty of nature in the city. Avatar of the human world of the city, the museum cultivates symbolic forests. The forms of nature in crisis are a symbolic visible signal of ecological awareness and culture of the living in a museum. Retrospectively, the singularity and effectiveness of works and exhibitions result from a process of creation-observation of in vivo ecosystem and an ability to restore links with living beings. We define these fertile pathways of passage as artistic (eco)poetic ecology cultivated both in objects and in the litterature of museums. We suggest that museums and their exhibitions have become contemporary “perches”. As a call of symbolic wild to live in relation with the living, the perch-museum is an essential observatory on evolution of our society. Above the clouds of crisis, ecomorphism theory and prospective analysisThe ambiguity of the cloud, object-symbol, resides as much in the announcement of the danger it prevents, as in the one it may cause. The cloud serves as a theoretical driver for Aristotle, Descartes, Howard or Damisch. Our analyses show a human in search of a renewal of positioning in relation to nature. The place of human beings is no longer above nature but in the middle of the livings, via a common symbolic DNA. Forms with unique and over-realistic ecopoetics reveal another reality that we no longer perceive. In the end, ecomorphism acts as the consciousness of a genetic heritage where natural and artificial forms mingle. Is it time to reconsider these forms as a cultural challenge of living evolution?
Guerbois, Chloé. "Considérer les aires protégées dans la dynamique des systèmes socio-écologiques pour une conservation intégrée et durable de la faune sauvage africaine." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0029.
Full textProtected areas, considered today as a major tool for wildlife conservation, are facing an increasing competition for space and resources. This calls for a better integration of socio-economic dynamics at regional scale in the management of protected areas. This thesis aims at understanding the ecological, socioeconomic and cultural linkages conditioning the integration of the protected areas into the anthropological system to which they belong. An appropriate conceptual framework for thinking these relationships is the socio-ecological system, which complements the framework of natural ecosystems by including humans as a functional element and a source of transformation. In order for conservation to be a sustainable objective, the analytical framework used is the resilience of socio-ecological systems, including protected areas. Illustrated by extensive field works, this study focuses on the socio-ecological system constituted by Hwange National Park (Zimbabwe) and its periphery, an unfenced area hosting one of the largest elephant density over the world. To understand the key challenges for integration, we studied the socio-ecological linkages between the protected area and the peripheral rural communities. This interdisciplinary research, where the elephant is used as a thread-line, necessitated to combine sociological and ecological methodologies. The contribution of protected areas to local well-being is dependent on multiple socio-cultural factors that influence the services (and dis-services) perceived as provided by these areas. The distance to protected areas regulates the intensity of fluxes (access to natural resources, wildlife damages). Further, social cohesion promotes the mitigation of dis-services by decreasing the costs associated with the coexistence between humans and wildlife. The economy of the studied community is based on subsistence, constrained by annual rainfall and intimately dependent on natural resources. The values associated with this type of economy, and society, certainly contributed to the resilience of this system regarding the political and economic crisis of the early 2000's. This thesis underlines the necessity to understand the endogenous socio-ecological processes that condition the coexistence between protected areas and their peripheral anthroposystems. Protecting wildlife through protected areas relies also on the protection of the values that promote coexistence
Ohresser-Oppenhauser, Céline. "La conception préliminaire d’aménagement portuaire en milieux écologiquement sensibles." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/OHRESSER-OPPENHAUSER_Celine_2010.pdf.
Full textIndustrialized societies need to change some practices in order to make an answers to environmental changes. Also, the research aims to develop an appropriate answers to the challenges. The thesis focuses on necessary évolution of practices in landscape planning, and more specially for French Rhine port projects. Territory impacting by the project has the particularity to be both strategic for the economic’s development, and both strategic for the survival of local ecosystems. That’s why is interessed on actors capacities to re-engineer the system of project, be able to open the decision-making system. The hypothèses is that introduce gouvernance practices for environmental project, its a good way to be innovative in the search for solutions. The particulary of research is the approach : the planning project design is considering like a project system. Indeed, project system consists of relations and interrelations between actors. Each agent tries to realese his own benefit : - region's economic development is a goal to the local stakeholders project system ; - protect ecosystems is a goal to environment defenders. In fact, landscape planning is subject to conflicts between stakeholders, result comes from a compromise process. In mind, civil society, through the Community institutions, states, local communities, associations, projects into the defense of its environmental conditions and impact multiple scales. In form, the preservation of the environment resulted in the emergence of new legislative elements essential for the implementation of infrastructure projects. The thesis is built in response to a question from the manager of fluvialnetworks in France (VNF). VNF’s based on the paradox how to both develop alternative transport to the road, and both protect ecosystem river. The terrain of the study is that of port extensions on the Rhine in its French part, especially on alluvial ecosystems presented as the last in Europe. The Rhine is considering as an anthropo-ecological system, he is composed of subsystems, each one communicating and exchanging information only in terms of project. Originality of the research is twice : it considers the project as a system capable of évolution, it explores the relationship between ideals and objectives prebuilt solutions That’s why it proposes to focus the preliminary design stage, as a resource, consisting of Tools, to resolve conflicts between stakeholders and conflicting objectives. Specifically, the thesis was the proposal of a preliminary design process enriched the system development project, which determines the process of adding an additional stage project