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Academic literature on the topic 'Écologie du stress'
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Journal articles on the topic "Écologie du stress"
Ben Khalifa, Elyès, Maelle Detoc, Alain Lefebvre, Julie Huet, Sophie Titoulet, Dominique Legrand, Fabrice Cognasse, and Pascal Vallet. "Inflammation et écologie du stress en application au don de sang : expérience au sein de l’EFS Auvergne–Rhône-Alpes (Saint-Étienne)." Transfusion Clinique et Biologique 26, no. 3 (September 2019): S95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tracli.2019.06.204.
Full textCourtet, P. "La sensibilité aux stress sociaux chez les suicidants. Observation écologique." European Psychiatry 30, S2 (November 2015): S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.041.
Full textDubé, Joanne, and Marc A. Provost. "Le rôle de la relation conjugale dans l’abus et la négligence d’enfants : vers une étude écologique." Santé mentale au Québec 16, no. 1 (September 11, 2007): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032211ar.
Full textTerol, S. F. Duran-Sindreu, and A. Vargas. "Résilience transculturelle des adolescents." European Psychiatry 28, S2 (November 2013): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.182.
Full textKouassi Brahiman, Kien, Ndiaye Awa, and Aboua Benié Rose Danielle. "Caractérisation De La Diversité, De La Structure Des Tailles Et Du Stress Écologique Au Niveau Du Peuplement Des Poissons Sur Le Fleuve Bandama (Côte d’Ivoire, Afrique De l’Ouest)." European Scientific Journal ESJ 17, no. 43 (December 31, 2021): 260–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n43p260.
Full textBenhamou, Nicole, and Patrice Rey. "Stimulateurs des défenses naturelles des plantes : une nouvelle stratégie phytosanitaire dans un contexte d’écoproduction durable." Article de synthèse 92, no. 1 (September 25, 2012): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1012399ar.
Full textLaflamme, Gaston. "Les pourridiés des arbres : un secret bien gardé." Conférences [Symposium : Santé des racines, santé des plantes. Société de protection des plantes du Québec. 97e Assemblée annuelle (2005) Gatineau (Québec), 9 et 10 juin 2005] 86, no. 1 (November 22, 2005): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011713ar.
Full textKnights, Philip. ""The Whole Earth My Altar": A Sacramental Trajectory for Ecological Mission « La terre tout entière est mon autel » : trajectoire sacramentelle pour une mission écologique "Die ganze Welt ist mein Altar": Eine sakramentale Wegbeschreibung für eine ökologische Mission "La tierra entera es mi altar": Una trayectoria sacramental para una misión ecológica." Mission Studies 25, no. 1 (2008): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338308x293918.
Full textEsiegwu, A. C. "Growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices of finisher broiler chickens offered nutritional supplement of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaves extract." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 5 (November 10, 2021): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i5.3208.
Full textGiraudoux, Patrick. "La santé des écosystèmes : quelle définition ?" Bulletin de l'Académie vétérinaire de France 175 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bavf.2022.70980.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Écologie du stress"
Moser, Gabriel. "Stress environnementaux et comportements urbains." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H056.
Full textUrban life is stressful. The literature on urban stress and how it influences social behavior is heterogenious and often inaccurate, and the existing models, essentially based on laboratory research, are insufficient to explain the behavior of urbanites in a complex environment characterized by the simultaneity of a multitude of acute and chronic stresses. Considering stress as an interac1tional process and analyzing its effects in terms of mechanisms, leads to propose a model of the effects of stress in urban environments. The urbanite is exposed as well to specific urban conditions which are stressful by themselves, as to occasionally emerging stimulations (noise, density, etc. ) which add themselves to the general urban conditions, and he perceives, evaluates and reacts to the acute stimulus with respect to his usual exposition. His behavioral reactions are either automatic either mediated by cognitive processes. The intervention of one or another of these mechanisms depends on the intensity of the environmental stimulations and on the resulting activation. Only a mean level of activation, and evaluated as such by the subject, leads to cognitive control behavior in order to cope efficiently with the situation
Marquis, Olivier. "Variations phénotypiques et adaptations locales en réponse aux stress environnementaux chez la Grenouille rousse (Rana temporaria)." Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS008.
Full textThe populations of a species with a wide range of distribution can be exposed to various environmental conditions exercising different natura! selection pressures. They can then display genetically based phenotypic particularities giving them an adaptation to the local constraints of their environment. Ln the scope of understanding the mechanisms of species evolution, we set up experimental protocols to assess the variations of sensitivity in the Common frog (Rana temporaria), among populations submitted to two gradients of environmental stressors: the UVb (280-320 nm) gradient and a gradient of contamination by Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The hypothesis is that the populations submitted to a high level of environmental stressor in the field should show adaptations giving them a lower sensitivity to those environmental stressor. According to a common garden protocol,. The sensitivity of embryos or/and larvae of R. Temporaria collected in different populations experimenting in the field various levels of stress, was assessed in controlled conditions in the laboratory. We were able to show a local adaptation to UVb in high altitude populations at the embryonic stage as weIl as at the larval stage. Yet, we haven't pointed out any variation of sensitivity to PAHs among larvae coming from populations in more or less polluted areas. Besides we have shown that the larvae from high altitude populations, even if virgin of any PAHs contamination show less DNA damages due to genotoxicity of PAHs. We propose the hypothesis of a co-tolerance between UVb and PHAs. Using tools from ecotoxicology and population biology, we propose explicative hypothesis entering the field of evolutionary biology
Fourçans, Aude. "Dynamique des communautés bactériennes de tapis microbiens soumis aux stress environnementaux." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3007.
Full textThis thesis relates to the study of the bacterial communities dynamics of microbial mats in order to understand their adaptive mechanisms face to environmental stresses. The bacterial biodiversity was analyzed by T-RFLP, molecular approach of microbial ecology. This work concerned, firstly, the description of two photosynthetic microbial mats of distinct salinity, marine (Orkneys Islands), and hypersaline (Camargue Salterns). The spatio-temporal distribution of communities in Camargue mat during a nycthemeral cycle was then studied. Adaptive behaviors in phototrophic and sulfate-reducing bacteria could be revealed, of which migration. Thirdly, the analysis of the hydrocarbon impact on the Guérande and Camargue mats finally showed a real influence, with the successive development of communities having capacities of adaptation to hydrocarbons
Puijalon, Anne Sara. "Stratégies adaptatives des végétaux aquatiques et stress mécaniques : réponses morphologiques et plasticité phénotypique." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10117.
Full textAdaptive phenotypic plasticity results in an improvement of plant performance and hence an increase of fitness. This study focused on plastic responses of two higher aquatic species exposed to hydraulic stress (current). This study revealed two contrasting ategies: high resistance to breaking and uprooting for the first one vs. Escape from stress (size reduction) for the other one, without decrease of fitness. The latter species displayed an altered clonal growth pattern in response to hydraulic stress (e. G. More compact growth form, high clonal growth to the detriment of vertical expansion of the main individual). The stress release leads to compensatory growth at both individual and clone scale. The morphological response to hydraulic stress is regulated by the nutrient level (growth favored for intermediate velocity and high nutrient levels)
Poli, Gaël. "Écologie sociale du milieu familial et handicap : la relation entre la mère et l'enfant présentant un Trouble du Spectre de l'Autisme." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20065/document.
Full textAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) involve a significantly different developmental prognosis depending on severity and associated disorders. Relationship difficulties, inadequate behaviours and the specific needs of the child have implications on family functioning and affect parents' experiences. This situation generates significant stress that can potentially undermine parental cohesion, affect parent-child interactions, impair parenting, and lead to lessened perceptions of the quality of family relationships. Considering the social ecology of the family environment allows us to question the relationship between the family climate perceived by mothers, evaluated by the IRF (LARIPE, 1989), and the perceived maternal stress, measured by the ISP/FB (Bigras, LaFrenière and Abidin, 1996), taking into account the singularity of disability, namely autistic disorder severity, determined by the EEAI (Rogé, 1989), and the coexistence of a language disorder and/or an associated intellectual impairment defined by medical diagnosis realized prior to study.Language competence has a high impact, both on the age of parental alert and age of diagnosis by professionals, and is strongly associated with the severity of autistic disorders evaluation (N=65). Depending on the level of perceived maternal stress, using a cluster analysis based on the dimensions of ISP/FB, the quality of family relationships differs significantly. The most stressed mothers perceive the family climate as more confrontational. By considering maternal experience at the eco-systemic level rather than dyadic, an ecological intervention by integrating a MIRA Foundation (Quebec) assistance dog into the family group (n=24) produced a concomitant decrease for maternal stress related to management of child's difficult behaviours and for severity of autistic disorders. In absence of differences in the first measurement time with mothers waiting for service (n=26), mothers in families with a dog are less stressed both overall, than for interactions and for education of the autistic child. They also perceive a more favourable relationship climate. Results obtained highlight the contribution of animal mediation to improving the quality of life of all members in the microsystem, particularly on intra and extra-familial interactions facilitation
Devalloir, Quentin. "Effects of multi-stressors (pollution, nutritional quality) on the immunocompetence of the wood mouse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/5a14477e-cb8f-4d05-8d4f-99eeb7cebb0c.
Full textIn a rapidly changing environment, multiple stressors can affect the health of wild animals. Among these stressors, exposure to pollutants and low nutritional quality can enhance physiological disorders and modulate the ability of the immune system to respond efficiently to an infection, a phenomenon called immunocompetence. Exposure to toxic metals, like cadmium and lead, affects the structure and the functioning of immune cells, while micronutrients like selenium are dietary compounds having beneficial effects on the immune response when taken in adequate amounts. However, the influence of micronutrients on the effect of toxic metals has been mainly studied in laboratory experiments but remains obscure in wild animals. The present thesis aimed to disentangle the influence of exposure to toxic metals and of nutritional quality on the immunocompetence of a small mammal, the wood mouse. Chapter 1 reviewed the ability of some beneficial micro-elements or vitamins to alleviate the damage to the immune system caused by exposure to toxic metals in wild and captive mammals. In Chapter 2, free-ranging wood mice were captured in sites exhibiting high and low levels of soil pollution by cadmium and lead and were either immediately challenged (using lipopolysaccharides of bacteria, LPS) or challenged after five days of captivity with standard or selenium-deficient food. Immune response was affected by exposure to cadmium and lead through endocrine disturbances. Wild animals exposed to elevated levels of toxic metals displayed higher inflammatory responses to immune challenge, while individuals maintained in captivity for five days showed lower immune responses when fed a selenium-deficient diet. The characterisation of the immune response of wild animals is, generally speaking, constrained by the lack of appropriate methods since most methods and markers have been developed on laboratory animals. For this reason, Chapter 3 was dedicated to the development of blood reference intervals for wood mice and other rodent species. Reference intervals are commonly used in medicine or veterinary science for health diagnoses but are very scarce for free-ranging non-domestic species. Variations in blood cell counts were found to be affected by season and location of wood mouse populations rather than by biological parameters (age, sex…). The use of reference intervals allowed to sort healthy from unhealthy individuals of a given population by using a non-lethal approach. In line with this, Chapter 4 proposed non-lethal methods to assess health and inflammatory status in wood mice. A pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-), a mediator of the inflammation, was measured in blood and spleen cells of wild-caught captive wood mice. An increase of inflammatory markers was found in wild-caught captive wood mice challenged with LPS. Altogether, these results suggested that nutritional quality has a positive influence on the immunocompetence of wild animals chronically exposed to toxic metals. Immunomarkers and blood reference intervals provided relevant tools for assessing the immunocompetence of wood mice
Kheir, Maya. "Fonctionnement des sols méditerranéens sous changement climatique : effet de la préexposition au stress, de la mixité des litières et de l'identité de l'espèce végétale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/200710_KHEIR_495pzb687n410mxugdf923oaivtm_TH.pdf.
Full textThis work takes place in the context of climate change. We aimed to explore plant litter microbial communities' functioning depending on climate contrasts Northern/Southern Mediterranean but also according to inland/coastal context, and to assess their response to aridification stresses, considering the effect i) of the type of litter (plant species identity and mixture) and ii) of the preexposure to stress intrinsic of coastal environments. Aridity stress was applied in the laboratory (drying /rewetting cycles) and in natura via "litter bags" transfer from France to Algeria. Results show that microbial biomass and basal respiration depend on litter chemical traits (C/N and lignin/N): when these ratios increase, microbial biomass decreases, while the effect on respiration depends on the climate contrasts. The effect of binary litter mixtures on microbes depends on the climate context and the mixture composition: some mixtures seem to limit carbon release through heterotrophic respiration in Algerian arid context. In addition, a particular microbial functioning of coastal environments was highlighted: i) preexposure to coastal constraints limited the effect of stress applied in the laboratory on microbial catabolic structures ii) the in natura experiment showed that microbial responses to stress depend on the context (coastal/inland) but also on litter type, highlighting litter influence even at large spatial scales
García, González Raquel. "Towards an improved understanding of the impacts of drought stress on the atmospheric exchange of CO2 and distribution of production in Mediterranean ecosystems." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112230.
Full textThe environment imposes a water and temperature stress over time to Mediterranean-type areas. Future climate predictions have warned that these areas may experience a precipitation reduction by more than 20% during the summer period for the period 2090-2099 relative to 1980-1999. This might have important implications because Mediterranean ecosystems act as a transition between tropical and more temperate regions in Europe and they may be especially sensitive to climate change. Indeed, in the Mediterranean region all climate models generally performed poorly most likely because of problems in the representation of water stress effects on both carbon uptake by photosynthesis and carbon release by heterotrophic respiration. Stomatal conductance plays an active role to reduce photosynthesis under moderate soil water deficits, but when drought stress increases, non stomatal limitations on photosynthesis, such as internal conductance and biochemical limitations, may impose higher limitations. These two assumptions were assessed and their relative importance was quantified for different species and for a wide range of drought conditions. Non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis under water stressed conditions were found to be more dominant in each of the species studied. Applying non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis with ORCHIDEE model leads on average to an 11% reduction compared with the original model performance in the predicted total photosynthesis over the year for a broadleaf forest site in southern France. At the regional scale it may reduce photosynthesis and transpiration rates, improving the efficiency in the use of water by plants and reducing water loss through plants. But, there are still high uncertainties related to different model descriptions of the ecosystem processes and soil hydrology. In general, models disagree on the dominating ecosystem process causing the anomalous net ecosystem exchange, driven by an increase in respiration or by a decline in GPP. Changes in the precipitation patterns may have important implications to predict future net carbon gain and allocation of Mediterranean ecosystems; it might lead to a reduction in the net C gain through a reduction on the heterotrophic ecosystem respiration
Couchoud, Mégane. "Compréhension de la capacité d’une plante de Pois à récupérer entermes de croissance et d’acquisition d’azote après un stress hydrique : étudesécophysiologique et moléculaire." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK007.
Full textPea (Pisum sativum L.) has the unique ability to fix atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) via a symbiosis with soil bacteria in root nodules. Although this specificity makes this crop particularly interesting in the context of agroecological transition, symbiotic nitrogen fixation is particularly sensitive to abiotic stresses such as water deficit, which contributes to the yield instability of this protein crop and reduces its interest for farmers. Yield stability depends both on plant's ability to tolerate stress and on its ability to recover after stress. However, the mechanisms involved during the recovery period have been for now poorly explored. It is, therefore, essential to identify traits of plants maximizing pea resilience to water deficit, in order to propose new ideotypes that are better adapted to environmental conditions of fluctuating water or nutrient availabilities.The main objectives of this study were: i) to identify the ecophysiological processes involved during the recovery period following a water deficit, considering in particular plant growth and plant nitrogen acquisition, and ii) to determine the underlying molecular processes within roots and nodules.During a first experiment in controlled conditions (4PMI Platform, Dijon, France), the dynamics of recovery of two pea genotypes were analyzed in detail after imposing plants before their flowering to a water deficit of two weeks. While one of the genotypes, (Kayanne), was able to maintain its yield under these conditions, yield of the other one (Puget) was decreased by water deficit. We have used both a) a whole-plant approach (using an ecophysiological framework focused on carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes in the plant) and b) so-called "omics" approaches (metabolomics, transcriptomics, and phytohormone assays) concerning root and nodule compartments. This analysis was completed by a second one where 13C and 15N2 isotopic labeling experiment allowed us to precisely measure carbon and nitrogen fluxes in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum.Our analyses revealed that the two genotypes studied had contrasting resilience abilities, partly explained by different recovery strategies during the re-watering period, and particularly implying processes which were related to nitrogen nutrition. We have demonstrated that during the recovery period Kayanne was able to quickly and strictly re-adjust the formation of nodules to its growth needs, allowing this genotype to fully recover from the 2-week water deficit period. On the other hand, in Puget, the initiation of new nodules after water deficit was delayed compared to control plants, but numerous additional nodules developed. We hypothesized that the associated larger energy cost, which occurred to the detriment of growth, would finally negatively impact Puget’s yield.This difference in the dynamics of the root system response to re-watering was comforted by the molecular analysis performed in root and nodule compartments. The "omics" analysis also highlighted differences in antioxidant and osmoprotective responses between the two genotypes that could help to explain the delay observed for the recovery of the two genotypes.Altogether these results give new insights for the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the recovery of pea plant after a water deficit. Next step will consist in a statistical integration of the multi-scaled data (ecophysiological, hormonal, metabolomic and transcriptomic data), which should make it possible to identify the main regulators involved in recovery, for breeding strategies leading to the selection of pea ideotypes better suited to fluctuating water conditions
Le, Cadre Valérie. "Impact de stress naturels et de polluants sur la morphologie et la cytologie des foraminifères en culture : implications pour leur utilisation comme biomarqueurs." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0005.
Full textThe aim of this work is to determine the effects of natural and anthropic stress on foraminifers in culture for use them as bioindicator of marine environment quality
Books on the topic "Écologie du stress"
Ommer, Rosemary. Coasts under stress: Policy reflections. St. John's, NL: ISER, 2006.
Find full text(Project), Coasts Under Stress, ed. Coasts under stress: Restructuring and social-ecological health. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2007.
Find full textCoasts under stress: Restructuring and social-ecological health. Montreal, QC: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2007.
Find full text1934-, Cherry Joe H., and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., eds. Environmental stress in plants: Biochemical and physiological mechanisms. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1989.
Find full textPhysiological plant ecology: Ecophysiology and stress physiology of functional groups. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995.
Find full textJ, Wrona Frederick, and Northern River Basins Study (Canada), eds. Cumulative impacts within the northern river basins. Edmonton: Northern River Basins Study, 1996.
Find full textHaslam, S. M. The river scene: Ecology and cultural heritage. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Find full textJudith, Rackham, ed. The Kingfisher Camp river detectives. Gabriola, B.C: Pacific Edge Pub., 1998.
Find full text1946-, Matthews William J., Heins David C. 1948-, and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists., eds. Community and evolutionary ecology of North American stream fishes. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987.
Find full textCommandeur, P. R. The effects of woody debris on sediment fluxes in small coastal stream channels. Victoria, B.C: Pacific Forestry Centre, 1997.
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