Journal articles: 'Ecological surveys'

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Bélanger, L., C. Camiré, and Y. Bergeron. "Ecological land survey in Quebec." Forestry Chronicle 68, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc68042-1.

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After a brief review of floristic classifications, ecological survey, as carried out in Quebec, is described. Three stages of development of ecological survey over the past twenty-five years are identified: (1) the pioneer work of Jurdant; (2) major ecological surveys from the late 1960s to the late 1970s; and (3) the diversification of the groups involved in ecological land surveys beginning in the 1980s, including universities, the Quebec Environment Department (MENVIQ) and the Quebec Department of Energy and Resources (MER). Intended for use in integrated land management, ecological survey must be an effective integrator of the various ecological evaluations; the information must be easily communicable and the methodology must be flexible. Ecological land classification has two dimensions: (1) taxonomic; and (2) cartographic. In the taxonomic units, the ecological region, the ecological type and the ecological phase are identified. In cartographic terms, local (ecological phase and type), regional (ecological system and subsystem) and national (ecological district and region) resolution is identified.Quebec universities, MER and MENVIQ are presently involved in ecological land surveys. The new Forest Act, which was enacted in 1986 and which provides for sustainable yield and more intensive forest management, is a major force behind the promotion of the use of ecological inventories as the basis for management activities. Mapping of the ecological regions (1:1,250,000) has almost been completed in Quebec. Total coverage of the commercial forest as a function of ecological districts (1:250,000) could be completed within five years, and the mapping of ecological types (1:20,000) could be completed in 20 years at a rate of 10,000 km2 a year. Although in the past ecological land surveys have been used primarily for environmental impact analyses (for instance, the installation of hydroelectric equipment and transportation corridors), the ecological framework is presently being used to prepare development plans for a number of regional county municipalities (RCMs). Pilot projects are under way to assess the potential applications of the ecological framework to forestry as part of intensive management efforts. Improvements are needed in both the accessibility of the information provided by the ecological framework (maps, site guides) and the development of interpretative tools for silvicultural measures. Key words: ecological survey, ecosystem mapping, ecological land classification, forest ecology, forest site classification, Quebec.

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Sturman, V. I. "CARTOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF ENGINEERING-ECOLOGICAL SURVEYS." Engineering survey 1, no. 1-2 (April 24, 2018): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25296/1997-8650-2018-1-2-54-64.

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Roller, Norman E. G., and John E. Colwell. "Coarse-resolution Satellite Data for Ecological Surveys." BioScience 36, no. 7 (July 1986): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310343.

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Majid, Sara Abdul, Renee Richer, Arvind Bhatt, Alex Amato, and Aspassia D. Chatziefthimiou. "Guidelines for terrestrial ecological surveys in Qatar." QScience Proceedings 2016, no. 3 (November 9, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qproc.2016.qgbc.43.

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Iwasaki, Yuichi, Takashi Kagaya, and Steve J. Ormerod. "Field surveys can support ecological risk assessment." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 9, no. 1 (December 27, 2012): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1378.

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Xu, Jingjing, Yu-Hsiang Wu, Elizabeth Stangl, Jeff Crukley, Shareka Pentony, and Jason Galster. "Using Smartphone-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment in Audiology Research: The Participants' Perspective." American Journal of Audiology 29, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 935–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_aja-20-00057.

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Purpose The article's purpose was to examine participants' impressions and experiences with smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to inform future EMA study design. Method Adults with hearing impairment (HI, n = 9) and with normal hearing (NH, n = 10) participated in a study using a smartphone-based EMA system to measure their auditory lifestyles. A 14-item survey was scheduled to deliver every 45 min by an EMA app. After a 1-week trial, participants were interviewed regarding their study experiences. The app log files were analyzed to understand how the participants interacted with the app. Results Across the two groups, 1,295 surveys were completed (compliance rate 74.4%). On average, HI participants completed 10.0 and NH participants completed 9.1 surveys per day. The mean survey completion time for HI and NH groups were 72 s and 51 s, respectively. For both groups, about 90% of the participants reported the app as easy to use; about 60% of the participants reported that repetitive surveys interrupted or somewhat interrupted their activities. Participants reported surveys disrupting situations, for example, working, driving, and social events, and that they were more likely to skip surveys in these situations. Additionally, 50% of NH and 30% of HI participants indicated that the survey was not delivered too frequently and none indicated that the survey was too long. Conclusion Overall, the app and EMA design seem to be appropriate. Insights from this study can help researchers design their studies to adequately assess listeners' experience in the field with optimal compliance and data quality.

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Wu, Yu-Hsiang, Elizabeth Stangl, Octav Chipara, and Xuyang Zhang. "Test-Retest Reliability of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Audiology Research." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 31, no. 08 (September 2020): 599–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1717066.

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Abstract Background Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a methodology involving repeated surveys to collect in situ data that describe respondents' current or recent experiences and related contexts in their natural environments. Audiology literature investigating the test-retest reliability of EMA is scarce. Purpose This article examines the test-retest reliability of EMA in measuring the characteristics of listening contexts and listening experiences. Research Design An observational study. Study Sample Fifty-one older adults with hearing loss. Data Collection and Analysis The study was part of a larger study that examined the effect of hearing aid technologies. The larger study had four trial conditions and outcome was measured using a smartphone-based EMA system. After completing the four trial conditions, participants repeated one of the conditions to examine the EMA test-retest reliability. The EMA surveys contained questions that assessed listening context characteristics including talker familiarity, talker location, and noise location, as well as listening experiences including speech understanding, listening effort, loudness satisfaction, and hearing aid satisfaction. The data from multiple EMA surveys collected by each participant were aggregated in each of the test and retest conditions. Test-retest correlation on the aggregated data was then calculated for each EMA survey question to determine the reliability of EMA. Results At the group level, listening context characteristics and listening experience did not change between the test and retest conditions. The test-retest correlation varied across the EMA questions, with the highest being the questions that assessed talker location (median r = 1.0), reverberation (r = 0.89), and speech understanding (r = 0.85), and the lowest being the items that quantified noise location (median r = 0.63), talker familiarity (r = 0.46), listening effort (r = 0.61), loudness satisfaction (r = 0.60), and hearing aid satisfaction (r = 0.61). Conclusion Several EMA questions yielded appropriate test-retest reliability results. The lower test-retest correlations for some EMA survey questions were likely due to fewer surveys completed by participants and poorly designed questions. Therefore, the present study stresses the importance of using validated questions in EMA. With sufficient numbers of surveys completed by respondents and with appropriately designed survey questions, EMA could have reasonable test-retest reliability in audiology research.

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Williams, Michael S. "New approach to areal sampling in ecological surveys." Forest Ecology and Management 154, no. 1-2 (November 2001): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(00)00601-0.

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Paul, John F., and Wayne R. Munns. "Probability surveys, conditional probability, and ecological risk assessment." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 30, no. 6 (April 11, 2011): 1488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.525.

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Trofimov, V. T., and M. A. Kharkina. "THE CONTENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF THE ABIOTIC EARTH SPHERES AND THE ACCOUNTING OF THEIR INDEXES IN THE CODE OF RULES FOR ENGINEERING-ECOLOGICAL SURVEYS FOR CONSTRUCTION." Engineering survey 13, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25296/1997-8650-2019-13-2-16-24.

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Abstract: starting with the works of V.I. Vernadsky, the history of the development of ideas about the interaction of the abiotic spheres of the Earth (upper lithosphere, pedosphere, lower atmosphere and surface hydrosphere) and the living (society, microorganisms, vegetation and land wildlife, hydrobionts (bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrobenthos)) is presented. The modern ideas about the content of the concept "ecological functions of abiotic spheres of the Earth", including the resource, geochemical, geophysical and geodynamic, involved in the resource and energy support of life and development of biota, are formulated. Three time stages of formation of the ecological functions of abiotic spheres of the Earth are allocated and characterized. It is shown that at the third technogenic-natural stage of development of these functions, when engineering-ecological surveys are carried out, at local sites, the consequences of technogenesis are leading in the assessment of the current state of ecosystems. The interaction of the lithosphere, pedosphere, surface hydrosphere, Earth's atmosphere with each other and the technosphere is described. The issues of necessity of taking into account perception of ecological functions of the Earth in the code of rules (SP) for engineeringecological surveys and the input of new terminology are considered. It is noted that each ecological function of the abiotic spheres of the Earth is characterized by a large number of indicators of private and complex properties, the study of which has long been mandatory during engineeringecological surveys. The statistics on the composition of the work on the study of the spheres of the Earth in the technical guidance documents of different years on engineering-ecological surveys is adduced. It is stated that in the current SP 47.13330.2016 “Engineering surveys for construction. Main provisions” in terms of engineering-ecological surveys, the vast number of characteristics of ecological functions of the abiotic spheres of the Earth, including the study and evaluation of modern geological processes affecting biota are taken into account. The recommendations on improvement of technical guidance documents for engineering-ecological surveys are formulated.

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Gladkova, A. S., and N. N. Minaev. "Geo-ecological characterization of the Tom flood-plain and terrace above it for construction purposes." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 24, no. 3 (June 26, 2022): 158–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2022-24-3-158-172.

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The presents engineering and environmental surveys on the environmental components such as soil and vegetation cover, atmospheric air, fauna. These surveys are conducted for the new proposed construction sites locating in the floodplain of the Tom River and the terrace above the floodplain. The purpose of the work is to obtain the necessary amount of base-line data for geo-ecological characterization of the current state of the environment. The engineering and ecological surveys show that the considered sites are suitable for a construction and do not provide geo-ecological, economic and social negative consequences.

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Gerull, Katherine M., Dorina Kallogjeri, Marilyn L. Piccirillo, Thomas L. Rodebaugh, Eric J. Lenze, and Jay F. Piccirillo. "Feasibility of Intensive Ecological Sampling of Tinnitus in Intervention Research." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 161, no. 3 (April 23, 2019): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599819844968.

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Objective To assess whether adults with bothersome tinnitus will complete multiple ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) per day, including those during a therapeutic intervention trial. EMA is defined as repeated sampling of subjects’ current behaviors and experiences in real time. Study Design Twelve-week longitudinal cohort study conducted from August 28, 2017, to December 14, 2017. Setting Online only. Subjects Thirty adults with self-reported bothersome nonpulsatile tinnitus of >6 months’ duration. Methods Participants completed 2 weeks of EMA text surveys 7 times per day (preintervention), followed by 8 weeks of EMA questions 4 times per day (during intervention), concluding with 2 weeks of EMA questions 7 times per day (postintervention) for a total of 420 surveys over 12 weeks. During the 8-week intervention period, participants used a commercially available auditory-intensive online cognitive brain training program for 20 minutes per day, 5 times per week (total, 800 minutes). The primary outcome measures were compliance with EMA surveys, as measured by survey response rates, and participant-reported effects of EMA on their tinnitus bother. Results Of the 30 participants in this study (20 women and 10 men; median age, 54 years [range, 47-64 years]), 25 participants completed the study protocol (83%). Participants completed a median 87% of EMA surveys (range, 67%-99%). Qualitative analysis of free-text responses found that participants did not report negative side effects of the EMA. Conclusion Excellent participant compliance can be achieved with multiweek temporally rigorous EMA sampling. EMA sampling can successfully be conducted during an intervention. EMA is a promising sampling methodology in tinnitus research.

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Trofimov, V. T., and V. A. Korolev. "GEOLOGICAL COMPONENT IN ENGINEERING-ECOLOGICAL SURVEYS AND ITS DEVELOPMENT." Engineering survey 12, no. 3-4 (May 31, 2018): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25296/1997-8650-2018-12-3-4-42-48.

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Jaworska, Monika, and Renata Prokeinova. "ECOLOGICAL AWARENESS OF STUDENTS IN THE LIGHT OF SURVEYS." Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych 18, no. 3 (October 15, 2017): 440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/mibe.2017.18.3.41.

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Concenço, G., M. Tomazi, I. V. T. Correia, S. A. Santos, and L. Galon. "Phytosociological surveys: tools for weed science?" Planta Daninha 31, no. 2 (June 2013): 469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582013000200025.

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In simple terms, a phytosociological survey is a group of ecological evaluation methods whose aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of both the composition and distribution of plant species in a given plant community. To understand the applicability of phytosociological surveys for weed science, as well as their validity, their ecological basis should be understood and the most suitable ones need to be chosen, because cultivated fields present a relatively distinct group of selecting factors when compared to natural plant communities. For weed science, the following sequence of steps is proposed as the most suitable: (1) overall infestation; (2) phytosociological tables/graphs; (3) intra-characterization by diversity; (4) inter-characterization and grouping by cluster analysis. A summary of methods is established in order to assist Weed Science researchers through their steps into the realm of phytosociology.

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GRZYBEK, MACIEJ, ANNA BAJER, MAŁGORZATA BEDNARSKA, MOHAMMED AL-SARRAF, JOLANTA BEHNKE-BOROWCZYK, PHILIP D. HARRIS, STEPHEN J. PRICE, et al. "Long-term spatiotemporal stability and dynamic changes in helminth infracommunities of bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in NE Poland." Parasitology 142, no. 14 (October 7, 2015): 1722–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182015001225.

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SUMMARYParasites are considered to be an important selective force in host evolution but ecological studies of host-parasite systems are usually short-term providing only snap-shots of what may be dynamic systems. We have conducted four surveys of helminths of bank voles at three ecologically similar woodland sites in NE Poland, spaced over a period of 11 years, to assess the relative importance of temporal and spatial effects on helminth infracommunities. Some measures of infracommunity structure maintained relative stability: the rank order of prevalence and abundance ofHeligmosomum mixtum, Heligmosomoides glareoliandMastophorus murischanged little between the four surveys. Other measures changed markedly: dynamic changes were evident inSyphacia petrusewicziwhich declined to local extinction, while the capillariidAonchotheca annulosafirst appeared in 2002 and then increased in prevalence and abundance over the remaining three surveys. Some species are therefore dynamic and both introductions and extinctions can be expected in ecological time. At higher taxonomic levels and for derived measures, year and host-age effects and their interactions with site are important. Our surveys emphasize that the site of capture is the major determinant of the species contributing to helminth community structure, providing some predictability in these systems.

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Scott, Charles T., Michael Köhl, and Hans Jörg Schnellbächer. "A Comparison of Periodic and Annual Forest Surveys." Forest Science 45, no. 3 (August 1, 1999): 433–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/45.3.433.

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Abstract Forest surveys of large areas often are conducted on a periodic basis, every 10 yr, for example. However, periodic assessments can be problematic due to fluctuating budgets and survey results that do not reflect forest dynamics between measurements. As a result, many countries are interested in designing surveys with annual measurements, such as the U.S. Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) Program design. The existing periodic design for Switzerland was compared with four annual designs in which an equal number of plots are observed annually. Data for the comparisons were collected annually on 682 plots over 7 successive yr across Switzerland. Three estimation methods were applied to each design: Continuous Forest Inventory, Sampling with Partial Replacement, and Mixed Estimator. These used simple means, regression updating, and inverse weighting of new and old plots, and regression combined with growth-model projections, respectively. For 12 combinations of 3 attributes, the Regional Survey design was the most cost-effective, followed by the National or Regional Update Survey designs. The Periodic Survey and the National Survey (similar to the FHM design) were the least cost-effective. Sampling with Partial Replacement was the most efficient estimator, though the Mixed Estimator would have been the most efficient had less biased growth projection models been used. For. Sci. 45(3):433-451.

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Lee, Kyungil, Hyun Chan Sung, Joung-Young Seo, Youngjae Yoo, Yoonji Kim, Jung Hyun Kook, and Seong Woo Jeon. "The Integration of Remote Sensing and Field Surveys to Detect Ecologically Damaged Areas for Restoration in South Korea." Remote Sensing 12, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 3687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12223687.

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Ecological damage refers to the reduction in the value of the environment due to human activities such as development. The intensity of ecosystem damage is worsening worldwide. Although the importance of restoration projects to reduce ecosystem damage is increasing, they are difficult to carry out, owing to the absence of data and monitoring of damaged areas. In this study, ecologically damaged areas for restoration in South Korea were detected using remote sensing and field surveys. For the analysis, national standardized vector datasets and Google Earth images were used; field surveys were conducted from 2018 to early 2020. Our results showed that 62% of the ecological damage that occurred in South Korea existed in forest ecosystems; the damaged areas were mostly smaller than 50,000 m2. Additionally, most of the causes and types of damage due to human activities such as development were soil erosion related. The results also suggest the importance of obtaining monitoring data on ecologically damaged areas and the importance of establishing an appropriate restoration plan using this data.

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Urquhart, N. Scott, and Thomas M. Kincaid. "Designs for Detecting Trend from Repeated Surveys of Ecological Resources." Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics 4, no. 4 (December 1999): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1400498.

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Kellenberger, Benjamin, Devis Tuia, and Dan Morris. "AIDE: Accelerating image‐based ecological surveys with interactive machine learning." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 11, no. 12 (November 2020): 1716–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13489.

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Cauvy-Fraunié, Sophie, Verena M. Trenkel, Martin Daufresne, Anthony Maire, Hervé Capra, Jean-Michel Olivier, Jérémy Lobry, Bernard Cazelles, and Nicolas Lamouroux. "Interpretation of interannual variability in long-term aquatic ecological surveys." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77, no. 5 (May 2020): 894–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0146.

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Long-term ecological surveys (LTES) often exhibit strong variability among sampling dates. The use and interpretation of such interannual variability is challenging due to the combination of multiple processes involved and sampling uncertainty. Here, we analysed the interannual variability in ∼30 years of 150 species density (fish and invertebrate) and environmental observation time series in four aquatic systems (stream, river, estuary, and marine continental shelf) with different sampling efforts to identify the information provided by this variability. We tested, using two empirical methods, whether we could observe simultaneous fluctuation between detrended time series corresponding to widely acknowledged assumptions about aquatic population dynamics: spatial effects, cohort effects, and environmental effects. We found a low number of significant results (36%, 9%, and 0% for spatial, cohort, and environmental effects, respectively), suggesting that sampling uncertainty overrode the effects of biological processes. Our study does not question the relevance of LTES for detecting important trends, but clearly indicates that the statistical power to interpret interannual variations in aquatic species densities is low, especially in large systems where the degree of sampling effort is always limited.

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Gorbunova, Natal'ya, Anastasiya Fedoseenko, and Mahmud Abu-Hasan. "Ecological Assessment of Environmental Objects During Engineering and Environmental Surveys." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 20, no. 2 (June 20, 2023): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-2-441-447.

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Purpose: To assess the current ecological condition of the survey site located in the Republic of Karelia and intended for laying a non-public railway track. To analyze the component of the environment — the soil, for compliance with the requirements of regulatory documentation. To establish the category of soil pollution in accordance with Sanitary and Epidemiological Standards and Regulations SanPiN 2.1.3684 and the rules for further use in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.3685. Methods: To assess the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals and organic ecotoxicants, samples have been taken from 14 test sites. Assessment of the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals and benz(a)pyrene has been carried out in accordance with SanPiN 1.2.3685. The assessment of the degree of contamination of soils with petroleum products has been carried out in accordance with a letter from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation. The assessment of the danger of soil pollution has been carried out according to several indicators (Tables 4.3–4.5 of SanPiN 2.1.3685): –- a complex of metals for public health is made according to the indicator of total pollution (Zc); –- the presence/absence of excess over the established maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) and approximately permissible concentrations (APC). The pollution category is determined by the worst indicator. When establishing pollution categories worse than “permissible”, recommendations have been developed for the further use of contaminated soils (Appendix No. 9 to SanPiN 2.1.3684). Results: As a result of the tests conducted, it was determined that the soil samples collected from the survey area for the construction of a non-public railway section comply with the soil pollution category of “Permissible” and, according to the rules of further usage, fall under the classification of “Unrestricted Use”. Practical Significance: The investigated soils meet all the requirements of the regulatory documentation and can be used without restrictions for the construction of the non-public railway section.

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Rathjens, Larisa, Moritz Gwiasda, Silke Schwarz, Ricarda Möhler, David D. Martin, and Ekkehart Jenetzky. "Reliability of Data Collected via Ecological Momentary Assessment on the Example of FeverApp Registry." Children 10, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10020385.

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The FeverApp registry is an ambulant ecological momentary assessment (EMA) model registry focusing on research of fever in children. Verification of EMA reliability is a challenge, due to absence of other source data. To ensure the reliability of EMA data, 973 families were invited to reassess their documentation in a survey. The survey contained questions (a) regarding the number of children, (b) genuineness of entries, (c) completeness of submitted fever episodes, (d) medication, (e) usefulness and further usage of the app. Of those invited, 438 families (45% response rate) participated in the survey. Of these, 363 (83%) families have registered all their children, 208 families have one child. The majority (n = 325, 74.2%) of families stated that they only made genuine entries in the app. Agreement between survey and app for fever episodes is 90% (Cohen’s κ = 0.75 [0.66, 0.82]). Medication shows 73.7% agreement, κ = 0.49 [0.42; 0.54]. The majority (n = 245, 55.9%) consider the app as an additional benefit and 87.3% would like to use it further. Email surveys are a possible approach to evaluate EMA based registry data. The possible observation units (children and fever episodes) show an adequate reliability. With this approach, surveys of further samples and variables could help to improve the quality of EMA based registries.

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Kharkina, M. A., and V. T. Trofimov. "ON THE CONTENT AND PURPOSE OF ECOLOGICAL-GEODYNAMIC ZONING MAPS IN THE SYSTEM OF ENGINEERING-ECOLOGICAL SURVEYS." Engineering survey 13, no. 3 (December 19, 2019): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25296/1997-8650-2019-13-3-6-17.

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Demeshkant, Natalya. "THE FORMATION OF STUDENT`S ECOLOGICAL OUTLOOK – METHODS OF EXPLORATION (EXPERIENCE OF AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITIES)." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 4, no. 2 (August 25, 2007): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/07.4.46a.

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The formation of harmonic relations between nature and a society implies upbringing of the community members as well as adoption of the behavior patterns with emphasis on a modern ecological outlook. Therefore we have introduced methods of exploration and promotion of different levels of the student’s ecological outlook. The experiment included seminars, discussions, surveys, and ecological education of both students and instructors of the Ukrainian Agricultural Universities. Key words: ecological outlook, ecological education, future specialist-agrarian.

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Babinski, Dara E., and Janelle Welkie. "Feasibility of Ecological Momentary Assessment of Negative Emotion in Girls With ADHD: A Pilot Study." Psychological Reports 123, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 1027–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294119838757.

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This study explores the feasibility of using mobile phone ecological momentary assessment to evaluate negative emotion in adolescent girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A total of 13 girls with ADHD, ages 12–16 years old (38.5% with comorbid depression), and their mothers completed several daily surveys assessing the intensity and variability of youth negative emotion using mobile phone-based ecological momentary assessment for approximately one week. The rate of response to survey prompts by youth and maternal reports was examined. In addition, associations between girls’ and mothers’ ratings of negative emotion were calculated. Finally, the severity and fluctuation in negative emotion were compared between girls with and without depression. Girls and their mothers demonstrated a high level of compliance with assessment procedures, and maternal and youth ratings were significantly correlated. In addition, girls with comorbid depression and their mothers endorsed significantly more intense and variable negative emotion compared to girls with ADHD alone. These preliminary findings show that ecological momentary assessment is a feasible and valid method for collecting information on emotion regulation among girls with ADHD and their mothers that can be applied to future work aimed at collecting ecologically valid assessments of functioning in girls with ADHD.

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Zhang, Peng Yan, Chang Hui Hu, Ming Zhou Qin, Jiang Hong Yan, and Ya Ping Zhao. "The Study on Surveys and Evaluation of Living Consumption Level of Urban Residents Based on the Ecological Footprint." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1249.

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Taking three residential areas of different income levels in Kaifeng City, Henan Province in 2009 as a case, this study analyzed the ecological footprint of Kaifeng city using the theory and methods of ecological footprint and questionnaire survey. According to the questionnaire survey of three residential areas of Banqiao, Kangping and Longcheng xiangxieli garden, the ecological footprint of consumption of biological resources and energy consumption are calculated in these areas. The conclusions are made that the higher the income consumption level of residents, the greater the ecological footprint, and lower income residents consumption level, the smaller ecological footprint.

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Wooldridge, Jennalee S., Emily C. Soriano, Devon E. Harris, and Niloofar Afari. "Feasibility and Acceptability of Ecological Momentary Assessment of Psychosocial Factors and Self-Management Behaviors Among Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes." Diabetes Spectrum 35, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/ds21-0020.

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Comorbid symptoms such as post-traumatic stress and pain are common barriers to optimal self-management among veterans with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, self-management behaviors occur in the context of veterans’ daily routines and social environments. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) among veterans with type 2 diabetes. Ten veterans with type 2 diabetes were asked to respond to random EMA surveys during preprogrammed intervals five times per day for 14 days. EMA surveys were delivered via a mobile application and assessed momentary physical location, activities, social interactions, mood, stress, and pain. The last survey of each day included additional items about daily post-traumatic stress symptoms, diabetes distress, social support, physical activity, self-management behaviors, and functioning. Participants completed interviews assessing their experience in the study and barriers to responding and indicated their likelihood of participating in similar studies. The mean survey response rate was 96%, providing 675 observations. The majority of participants completed the five momentary surveys in <1 minute and the daily EMA surveys in <5 minutes. Results revealed substantial individual day-to-day variability across symptoms and self-management behaviors that is not captured by aggregated means across all participants. Participants generally reported enjoying responding to surveys and experiencing few barriers. Nine of 10 participants reported being “extremely likely” to participate in a similar study. These pilot data suggest that intensive EMA designs are feasible and acceptable for veterans with type 2 diabetes and can inform the design of future larger studies.

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Miyata, Kaede, Yasuaki Inoue, Yuto Amano, Tohru Nishioka, Masayuki Yamane, Takamitsu Kawaguchi, Osamu Morita, and Hiroshi Honda. "Fish environmental RNA enables precise ecological surveys with high positive predictivity." Ecological Indicators 128 (September 2021): 107796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107796.

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Jones, Marissa. "Environmental DNA: Genetics Steps Forward When Traditional Ecological Surveys Fall Short." Fisheries 38, no. 7 (July 15, 2013): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2013.810984.

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Marsh, Charles J., and Robert M. Ewers. "A fractal-based sampling design for ecological surveys quantifying β-diversity." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 4, no. 1 (October 16, 2012): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00256.x.

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Melville, Gavin J., and Alan H. Welsh. "Model-based Prediction In Ecological Surveys Including Those with Incomplete Detection." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics 56, no. 3 (September 2014): 257–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anzs.12084.

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Andreoli, Carlo, Isabella Moro, Nicoletta La Rocca, Luisa Dalla Valle, Luciano Masiero, Nicoletta Rascio, and Francesca Dalla Vecchia. "Ecological, physiological, and biomolecular surveys on microalgae from Ross Sea (Antarctica)." Italian Journal of Zoology 67, sup1 (January 2000): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250000009356370.

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Williams, Michael S. "Performance of two fixed-area (quadrat) sampling estimators in ecological surveys." Environmetrics 12, no. 5 (2001): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/env.469.

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Teilmann, Jonas, Frank Rigét, and Tero Harkonen. "Optimizing survey design for Scandinavian harbour seals: population trend as an ecological quality element." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 5 (February 11, 2010): 952–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq001.

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Abstract Teilmann, J., Rigét, F., and Harkonen, T. 2010. Optimizing survey design for Scandinavian harbour seals: population trend as an ecological quality element. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 952–958. To be successful, conservation and management programmes require accurate data on abundance and population trends. Noise caused by within- and among-year variance should be minimized to optimize the statistical power for detecting changes in abundance. A total of 30 years of monitoring data from seven distinct subpopulations of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in southern Scandinavia was used to investigate the relative contributions of factors affecting the power to detect trends in abundance. The power is typically doubled under the conditions tested when carrying out annual surveys compared with every second year. The power also increases substantially when carrying out replicate surveys during the annual moult. The gain in power increases steeply up to three annual replicates, but then levels off, and it is further increased when the mean of the two highest counts of three annually repeated counts is used. We propose that harbour seal haul-out sites are surveyed every year during the moult, with at least three replicate surveys per year. This would provide robust data for analyses of population trends, facilitating management and identification of potential influences of diseases and anthropogenic activities.

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Burke, Louise, and Graham Naylor. "Smartphone App–Based Noncontact Ecological Momentary Assessment With Experienced and Naïve Older Participants: Feasibility Study." JMIR Formative Research 6, no. 3 (March 8, 2022): e27677. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27677.

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Background Smartphone app–based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) without face-to-face contact between researcher and participant (app-based noncontact EMA) potentially provides a valuable data collection tool when geographic, time, and situational factors (eg, COVID-19 restrictions) place constraints on in-person research. Nevertheless, little is known about the feasibility of this method, particularly in older and naïve EMA participants. Objective This study aims to assess the feasibility of app-based noncontact EMA as a function of previous EMA experience, by recruiting and comparing a group of participants who had never participated in EMA before against a group of participants who had been part of an earlier in-person EMA study, and age, by recruiting middle-aged to older adults. Methods Overall, 151 potential participants were invited via email; 46.4% (70/151) enrolled in the study by completing the baseline questionnaire set and were emailed instructions for the EMA phase. Of these participants, 67% (47/70) downloaded an EMA app and ran the survey sequence for 1 week. In total, 5 daytime surveys and 1 evening survey, each day, assessed participants’ listening environment, social activity, and conversational engagement. A semistructured exit telephone interview probed the acceptability of the method. As markers of feasibility, we assessed the enrollment rate, study completion rate, reason for noncompletion, EMA survey response rate, and likelihood of reporting an issue with survey alerts and requested assistance from researchers, family, or friends. Results Enrollment rates among invitees (63.3% vs 38.2%; P=.004) and completion rates among enrollees (83.9% vs 53.8%; P<.001) were higher in the experienced than in the naïve EMA group. On average, experienced participants responded to 64.1% (SD 30.2%) of the daytime EMA surveys, and naïve participants responded to 54.3% (SD 29.5%) of the daytime EMA surveys (P=.27). Among participants who retrospectively reported issues with survey alerts, only 19% (3/16) requested researcher assistance during data collection. Older participants were more likely to report not being alerted to EMA surveys (P=.008), but age was unrelated to all other markers of feasibility. Post hoc analyses of the effect of the phone operating system on markers of feasibility revealed that response rates were higher among iOS users (mean 74.8%, SD 20.25%) than among Android users (mean 48.5%, SD 31.35%; P=.002). Conclusions Smartphone app–based noncontact EMA appears to be feasible, although participants with previous EMA experience, younger participants, and iOS users performed better on certain markers of feasibility. Measures to increase feasibility may include extensive testing of the app with different phone types, encouraging participants to seek timely assistance for any issues experienced, and recruiting participants who have some previous EMA experience where possible. The limitations of this study include participants’ varying levels of existing relationship with the researcher and the implications of collecting data during the COVID-19 social restrictions.

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Ehlers, Diane K., Jennifer Huberty, Matthew Buman, Steven Hooker, Michael Todd, and Gert-Jan de Vreede. "A Novel Inexpensive Use of Smartphone Technology for Ecological Momentary Assessment in Middle-Aged Women." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, no. 3 (March 2016): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0059.

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Background:Commercially available mobile and Internet technologies present a promising opportunity to feasibly conduct ecological momentary assessment (EMA). The purpose of this study was to describe a novel EMA protocol administered on middle-aged women’s smartphones via text messaging and mobile Internet.Methods:Women (N = 9; mean age = 46.2 ± 8.2 y) received 35 text message prompts to a mobile survey assessing activity, self-worth, and self-efficacy over 14 days. Prompts were scheduled and surveys were administered using commercial, Internet-based programs. Prompting was tailored to each woman’s daily wake/sleep schedule. Women concurrently wore a wrist-worn accelerometer. Feasibility was assessed via survey completion, accelerometer wear, participant feedback, and researcher notes.Results:Of 315 prompted surveys, 287 responses were valid (91.1%). Average completion time was 1.52 ± 1.03 minutes. One participant’s activity data were excluded due to accelerometer malfunction, resulting in complete data from 8 participants (n = 252 [80.0%] valid observations). Women reported the survey was easily and quickly read/completed. However, most thought the accelerometer was inconvenient.Conclusions:High completion rates and perceived usability suggest capitalizing on widely available technology and tailoring prompting schedules may optimize EMA in middle-aged women. However, researchers may need to carefully select objective monitors to maintain data validity while limiting participant burden.

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Neaman, Alexander, Eiliana Montero, Pamela Pensini, Elliot Burnham, Mónica Castro, Dmitry S. Ermakov, and Claudia Navarro-Villarroel. "Unleashing the Power of Connection: How Adolescents’ Prosocial Propensity Drives Ecological and Altruistic Behaviours." Sustainability 15, no. 10 (May 16, 2023): 8070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108070.

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Both altruistic and ecological behaviours are considered prosocially driven behaviours, but our understanding of what motivates action in either the human or ecological domain is still in its infancy. Our goal was to assess connection to nature, connection to people, and connection to country as mediators of the relationship between prosocial propensity and prosocial behaviours in both the ecological and human domains. This study used honesty-humility as an indicator of prosocial propensity. Data for the study were collected through online surveys in Spanish. The survey was answered by 438 adolescent participants aged 11–19 years. The present study demonstrates that personal prosocial propensity can be directed to a particular domain of prosocial behaviour (ecological or altruistic) through the individual’s connection to the relevant domain. Specifically, the effect of prosocial propensity on ecological behaviour was positively mediated by connection to people and connection to nature, but negatively mediated by connection to country. For altruistic behaviour, the effect of prosocial propensity was positive via connection to people, nature, and country. Future research is called for, in particular, to examine the role of connection to country in ecological behaviour.

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Oswald, E. T. "Forest site classification activities in Northern Canada." Forestry Chronicle 68, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc68094-1.

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Historically, site classification north of 60°N. Lat. includes related activities conducted by geologists over the last century, particularly the information presented on surficial materials. Ecological land classification provides a technique suitable for evaluating the capability of the land base to satisfy the requirements of various renewable resource sectors. Ecological Land Surveys that included an assessment of forest capability have been used over much of northern Canada. A forest inventory, or cover mapping, has been done for part of the forest environment. The demands on the forest resource are increasing, not only for the utilization of wood products, but also for recreational facilities, tourism, and wildlife habitat. Forest site classification based on ecological factors is essential to provide an informed basis for making resource management and utilization decisions. Some site classification techniques are discussed, and recommendations made in support of continuing classification and surveys for more intensive management and for the preservation and analyses of ecological reserves.

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Vinod V, Namitha, Pavithra T.V., and Hareesh N. Ramanathan. "The Socio-Economic and Ecological Impacts of Water Hyacinth Proliferation in water bodies: A Case from Greater Kochi area in South India." Vallis Aurea 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.62598/jva.10.1.2.2.

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Purpose of this study is to critically analyze the socio-ecological impact of water hyacinth on the water bodies passing through 7 wards of the Thrippunithura Municipality in the Ernakulam district of the state of Kerala, India, by checking the quality of water and conducting surveys among the people. Research Design The study employs a combination of exploratory and descriptive research approaches. Purposive sampling targets individuals directly impacted by water hyacinth proliferation. Methodology Data collection involved direct surveys using a structured questionnaire and water samples from selected regions. Results: reveal significant socio-economic ramifications of water hyacinth proliferation, particularly impacting fishing communities. Challenges include job losses, diminished access to fishing grounds, navigational hindrances, reduced catches, and fish scarcity. Ecologically, water quality parameters show notable disparities between heavily-infested and less-infested areas, highlighting the weed's impact on aquatic ecosystems. The phytoremediation potential of water hyacinth was also explored, revealing its ability to accumulate heavy metals such as chromium, cadmium, copper, zinc, lead, iron, and arsenic. Originality of Research This study records the socio-ecological impact of water hyacinths on the communities and environment, particularly the water bodies, of the Greater Cochin area, Kerala, India.

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Wang, Chao Hui, and Chu Cai Wu. "Research on Management Innovation for Ecological Security in China’s Forest Tourism Areas." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.364.

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Based on the proposed evaluating index system of ecological security, some investigations on the status of ecological security of forest parks in Wenzhou city were carried out with the methods as data collection, field surveys and interviews. The result indicated there are many unsafe factors especially like wastewater treatment and economic development in community. Therefore, ecological security evaluation criteria were proposed to manage ecological security in China's forest parks, which will be of practical guiding significance for the sustainable development of forest tourism in China.

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Nemec, Zach C., Kailey N. Cooper, and Jennifer M. Clark. "Implementing the FrogWatch USA Citizen Science Program as a Versatile Ecological Educational Tool." American Biology Teacher 84, no. 8 (October 1, 2022): 503–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2022.84.8.503.

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Citizen science programs, like FrogWatch USA, offer simple training guidelines to collect field data, which provides records across broad geographical locations, allowing for the study of population trends on a large scale. Due to the relative ease of implementing the protocol, this program can easily be used in undergraduate and high school courses to provide an active learning environment and independent research opportunities. Here, we describe how FrogWatch USA call surveys were paired with traditional trapping surveys and conclude that call surveys can be useful in ecological monitoring. We suggest recommendations on how this program can be utilized in different settings and across disciplines.

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Bell, James B., Nguyễn Văn Nguyên, Hà Vũ Việt, Minh Hoàng Nguyễn, Hùng Thanh Bùi, Tuân Văn Trâng, Paul McIlwaine, Andrew Kenny, and Bát Khắc Nguyễn. "Identifying marine ecological production units in Vietnam." ICES Journal of Marine Science 78, no. 4 (March 13, 2021): 1241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab047.

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Abstract Ecosystem-based management is generally viewed as one of the most promising avenues for addressing the various anthropogenic pressures facing the world’s marine ecosystems. These approaches have been developed to varying degrees by individual countries or international organisations, but there remain a large proportion of marine ecosystems, particularly in developing regions, that have not yet been the subject of such research. In these areas, lack of effective regulation and the often high importance of the marine environment in providing food and economic opportunities, together create conditions where marine resources and habitats come under unsustainable levels of pressure. Here, we present a data-limited assessment approach to discern marine ecological patterns, in this case for the exclusive economic zone of Vietnam. By combining data from environmental and biological surveys from the Vietnamese national survey dataset and local oceanographic models, we have identified a series of 12 candidate ecological production units, delineated by their environmental characteristics, and the key commercial species that exist within them. These units are suggested as a possible foundation for a spatial management structure in the Vietnamese exclusive economic zone including considerations such as placement of marine protected areas, or ecological boundaries of key areas of socio-economic importance.

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Chan, Sai-Keong, Farzana Quoquab, and Rohaida Basiruddin. "Personal and Environmental Factors that Influence the Ecological Behaviour of Energy-Efficient Appliance Purchases." Jurnal Institutions and Economies 13, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 59–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ijie.vol13no2.3.

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This study investigates the effects of personal and environmental factors on ecological beliefs and ecological behaviour and assesses the mediating and moderating influences in this model. This study utilises 592 questionnaire surveys among Malaysian consumers. A partial least squares technique (PLS) was utilised to analyse the data and to test the study hypotheses. The findings show that personal and environmental factors have a positive influence on ecological beliefs and ecological behaviour; ecological beliefs are positively related to ecological behaviour. Additionally, ecological beliefs mediate the relationship between personal factors and ecological behaviour, and the relationship between environmental factors and ecological behaviour. The present study is among the pioneers in including environmental factors and ecological beliefs in pro-environmental studies. In the context of energy-efficient appliance purchases, the findings elaborate on the existing knowledge of personal and environmental factors, and individual’s beliefs.

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Ferguson, Kacey, Kathleen Gunthert, Jasmine H. Kaidbey, Meredith Parr, Amanda J. Visek, Jennifer M. Sacheck, and Allison C. Sylvetsky. "Behavioral Patterns of Sugary Drink Consumption among African American Adolescents: A Pilot and Feasibility Study Using Ecological Momentary Assessment." Nutrients 15, no. 9 (May 2, 2023): 2171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15092171.

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Background: Sugary drinks (SDs) are the predominant contributors to added sugar intake among adolescents, with the highest intakes reported among African American adolescents. The objective of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of using mobile phone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to investigate, in real time, behavioral patterns of SD consumption among African American adolescents from low-income households. Methods: Adolescents (n = 39, ages 12–17) attended a virtual meeting with a trained research assistant, which involved completion of surveys and training on responding to EMA prompts using a mobile phone application. On the seven subsequent days, adolescents were instructed to respond to researcher-initiated prompts three times daily, which queried their SD intake, location, social context, activities, stress, and mood. They were also asked to complete an analogous self-initiated survey each time they consumed SDs. Results: SD consumption was reported on 219 of 582 (38%) researcher-initiated surveys and on 135 self-initiated SD consumption surveys, for a total of 354 instances of SD intake over the 7-day assessment period. The majority (69%) of the surveys were completed while at home. SD consumption was reported on 37%, 35%, and 41% of researcher-initiated surveys completed at their home, at the home of a friend or family member, or while in transit, respectively. Conclusions: These preliminary data indicate that mobile phone-based EMA is feasible for investigating SD intake behaviors among African American youth from low-income households and support the promise of EMA for investigating SD consumption in this population in larger samples of youth.

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Moro, Marcelo Freire, Eimear Nic Lughadha, Denis L. Filer, Francisca Soares de Araújo, and Fernando Roberto Martins. "A catalogue of the vascular plants of the Caatinga Phytogeographical Domain: a synthesis of floristic and phytosociological surveys." Phytotaxa 160, no. 1 (February 19, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.160.1.1.

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A catalogue is presented of plant names in use in the Caatinga Phytogeographical Domain (CPD), the largest semiarid ecoregion of South America. We compiled all pubished papers we could locate with floristic and/or phytosociological data relating to the CPD and created a database of all site-based surveys, all names reported in these surveys and the basic ecological data associated with each species. We then mapped the names used in survey reports to those currently accepted in Brazil, consulting specialists to resolve taxonomic and nomenclatural issues before synthesizing the data in order to present here a list of all names in use. Thus this compilation represents the taxonomic data in use by generalist botanists on a sub continental scale. Synthesizing the previously dispersed ecological data available for the species, we explored general ecological patterns in the CPD. We also classified each survey as documenting the flora of a specific type of environment within the CPD and compared the general floristic resemblance between different environments within CPD on a biogeographical scale. Rarefaction curves and species richness estimator indices were employed in order to address the question as to whether or not the Caatinga Phytogeographical Domain can be described as well-sampled. To date over 1700 species have been reported in site-based floristic and phytosociological studies in the CPD. Most surveys focused only on woody plants, ignoring the non woody component, but we show here that a large proportion of the plant biodiversity in the Caatinga is comprised of non woody plants. We estimate that 40% of the existing species were not sampled by site-based surveys. Moreover, most of the species in our database were recorded from a single site, while a few species were considered widespread. When comparing the number of widespread species in our dataset to results published for the cerrado savannas, we show that species in Caatinga seems to have a much more restricted distribution than plants in the Cerrado. We present here a catalogue of all plant names recorded and discuss sampling and geographical issues related to the floristic study of Caatinga.

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Baxter-Gilbert, James H., Julia L. Riley, Sean P. Boyle, David Lesbarrères, and Jacqueline D. Litzgus. "Turning the threat into a solution: using roadways to survey cryptic species and to identify locations for conservation." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 1 (2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17047.

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Freshwater turtles are one of the most imperilled groups of vertebrates globally, and roads have been associated with their decline. Although roads are typically viewed as an imminent threat to population persistence, because of direct mortality and increased landscape fragmentation, we argue that they are an important sampling tool for collecting a wide variety of data that can inform conservation efforts. Road surveys can yield important presence data when conducting species inventories, particularly for cryptic species, and can also indicate where to implement road mitigation measures. Our research examined three road survey methods from two previous studies (walking versus bicycling and walking versus driving) to test their relative effectiveness at locating turtles. We found that walking surveys yielded the highest number of turtles per kilometre; however, bicycling and driving surveys also presented advantages (specifically, the ability to survey longer lengths of road more quickly). We recommend using walking surveys in areas of specific interest (e.g. to investigate suitable habitat for imperilled species or to investigate the presence of cryptic species), and bicycling or driving surveys between sections of specific interest. Road survey methods could be used in addition to more traditional sampling approaches (e.g. trapping and visual surveys), and do not need to be restricted to areas where roadwork projects are in progress or being planned. Road surveys could also be used during general environmental assessments and ecological research, to effectively incorporate turtle presence data into conservation efforts.

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de Jonge, J. "Ecological and ecotoxicological surveys of moderately contaminated floodplain ecosystems in The Netherlands." Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 2, no. 1 (April 1999): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1463-4988(99)00017-2.

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de Jonge, J., J. M. Brils, A. J. Hendriks, and W. C. Ma. "Ecological and ecotoxicological surveys of moderately contaminated floodplain ecosystems in The Netherlands." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 2, no. 1 (January 1999): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634989908656936.

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OHTSUKA, RYUTARO, and YUKIO KUCHIKURA. "Introduction to the Proceedings of the Symposium, “Methodologies of Ecological Field Surveys”." Anthropological Science 102, no. 1 (1994): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1537/ase.102.1.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ecological surveys'

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